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workmen's food converted into stone; which is not probable. For at home in our country (Amaseia), there is a long hill in a plain, which abounds with pebbles of a porous stone, resembling lentils. The pebbles of the sea-shore and of rivers suggest somewhat of the same difficulty ; some explanation may indeed be found in the motion in flowing waters, but the investigation of the above fact presents more difficulty. I have said elsewhere, that in sight of the pyramids, on the other side in Arabia, and near the stone quarries from which they are built, is a very rocky mountain, called the Trojan mountain; beneath it there are caves, and near the caves and the river a village called Troy, an ancient settlement of the captive
Trojans who had accompanied Menelaus and settled there.
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waters have risen, or subsided, or receded from some parts and inundated others. But the reason is, that the same land is sometimes raised up and sometimes depressed, and the sea also is simultaneously raised and depressed so that it either overflows or returns into its own place again. We must, therefore, ascribe the cause to the ground, either to that ground which is under the sea, or to that which becomes flooded by it, but rather to that which lies beneath the sea, for this is more moveable, and, on account of its humidity, can be altered with great celerity. It is proper,' he observes in continuation, '
459:, a philosopher who had spent his life since 44 BC in Rome forging relationships with the Roman elite. Athenodorus passed onto Strabo his philosophy, his knowledge and his contacts. Unlike the Aristotelian Xenarchus and Tyrannion who preceded him in teaching Strabo, Athenodorus was a Stoic and almost certainly the source of Strabo's diversion from the philosophy of his former mentors. Moreover, from his own first-hand experience, Athenodorus provided Strabo with information about regions of the empire which Strabo would not otherwise have known about.
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649:, the natural philosopher, who had observed that the quantity of mud brought down by rivers into the Euxine was so great, that its bed must be gradually raised, while the rivers still continued to pour in an undiminished quantity of water. He therefore conceived that, originally, when the Euxine was an inland sea, its level had by this means become so much elevated that it burst its barrier near Byzantium, and formed a communication with the
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751:…There are no trees here, but only the vineyards where they produce the Katakekaumene wines which are by no means inferior from any of the wines famous for their quality. The soil is covered with ashes, and black in colour as if the mountainous and rocky country was made up of fires. Some assume that these ashes were the result of thunderbolts and subterranean explosions, and do not doubt that the legendary story of
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559:, which describes it as a thriving port city with a highly developed local economy. Strabo notes the city's many beautiful public parks, and its network of streets wide enough for chariots and horsemen. "Two of these are exceeding broad, over a plethron in breadth, and cut one another at right angles ... All the buildings are connected one with another, and these also with what are beyond it."
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688:, and others, were closed up, the imprisoned fire and wind might have produced far more vehement movements. The doctrine, therefore, that volcanoes are safety valves, and that the subterranean convulsions are probably most violent when first the volcanic energy shifts itself to a new quarter, is not modern.
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the Lydian, who said that the seas had once been more extensive, and that they had afterwards been partially dried up, as in his own time many lakes, rivers, and wells in Asia had failed during a season of drought. Treating this conjecture with merited disregard, Strabo passes on to the hypothesis of
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for many years and revised it steadily, but not always consistently. It is an encyclopaedic chronicle and consists of political, economic, social, cultural, and geographic descriptions covering almost all of Europe and the
Mediterranean: Britain and Ireland, the Iberian Peninsula, Gaul, Germania, the
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takes place in this region. Ksanthos adds that the king of this region was a man called Arimus. However, it is not reasonable to accept that the whole country was burned down at a time as a result of such an event rather than as a result of a fire bursting from underground whose source has now died
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One extraordinary thing which I saw at the pyramids must not be omitted. Heaps of stones from the quarries lie in front of the pyramids. Among these are found pieces which in shape and size resemble lentils. Some contain substances like grains half peeled. These, it is said, are the remnants of the
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In another place, this learned geographer , in alluding to the tradition that Sicily had been separated by a convulsion from Italy, remarks, that at present the land near the sea in those parts was rarely shaken by earthquakes, since there were now open orifices whereby fire and ignited matters and
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for the last raise up the sea also, and when the same lands subside again, they occasion the sea to be let down. And it is not merely the small, but the large islands also, and not merely the islands, but the continents, which can be lifted up together with the sea; and both large and small tracts
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But Strabo rejects this theory as insufficient to account for all the phenomena, and he proposes one of his own, the profoundness of which modern geologists are only beginning to appreciate. 'It is not,' he says, 'because the lands covered by seas were originally at different altitudes, that the
529:, acknowledging their astronomical and mathematical efforts covering geography, he claimed that a descriptive approach was more practical, such that his works were designed for statesmen who were more anthropologically than numerically concerned with the character of countries and regions.
402:), is nearly completely lost. Meant to cover the history of the known world from the conquest of Greece by the Romans, Strabo quotes it himself and other classical authors mention that it existed, although the only surviving document is a fragment of papyrus now in the possession of the
548:, but he spent much time in the famous library in Alexandria taking notes from "the works of his predecessors". A first edition was published in 7 BC and a final edition no later than 23 AD, in what may have been the last year of Strabo's life. It took some time for
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provides a valuable source of information on the ancient world of his day, especially when this information is corroborated by other sources. He travelled extensively, as he says: "Westward I have journeyed to the parts of
Etruria opposite Sardinia; towards the south from the
197:("Geography"), which presented a descriptive history of people and places from different regions of the world known during his lifetime. Additionally, Strabo authored historical works, but only fragments and quotations of these survive in the writings of other authors.
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Lawrence Kim observes that Strabo is "... pro-Roman throughout the
Geography. But while he acknowledges and even praises Roman ascendancy in the political and military sphere, he also makes a significant effort to establish Greek primacy over Rome in other contexts."
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Strabo, Geography 17.1.6, 7, 8, 13; translated by Brent Shaw. Attained from: E.A. Pollard, C. Rosenberg, and R.L. Tignor, et al. Worlds
Together, Worlds Apart, Concise, Volume One: Beginnings through the Fifteenth Century (W.W. Norton, 2015) Pg.
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out. Three pits are called "Physas" and separated by forty stadia from each other. Above these pits, there are hills formed by the hot masses burst out from the ground as estimated by a logical reasoning. Such type of soil is very convenient for
653:, and this partial drainage had already, he supposed, converted the left side into marshy ground, and that, at last, the whole would be choked up with soil. So, it was argued, the Mediterranean had once opened a passage for itself by the
760:, just like the Katanasoil which is covered with ashes and where the best wines are still produced abundantly. Some writers concluded by looking at these places that there is a good reason for calling Dionysus by the name ("Phrygenes").
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Strabo studied under several prominent teachers of various specialities throughout his early life at different stops during his
Mediterranean travels. The first chapter of his education took place in
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to derive our explanations from things which are obvious, and in some measure of daily occurrences, such as deluges, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and sudden swellings of the land beneath the sea;
274:
452:. Although Tyrannion was also a Peripatetic, he was more relevantly a respected authority on geography, a fact of some significance considering Strabo's future contributions to the field.
355:. Some place its first drafts around 7 BC, others around AD 17 or AD 18. The latest passage to which a date can be assigned is his reference to the death in AD 23 of
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were defeated, scholars have speculated about how the family's support for Rome might have affected their position in the local community, and whether they might have been granted
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On the presumption that "recently" means within a year, Strabo stopped writing that year or the next (AD 24), at which time he is thought to have died. He was influenced by
585:, a country he never visited, Strabo described small flying reptiles that were long with snake-like bodies and bat-like wings (this description matches the Indian flying lizard
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Thus completing his traditional Greek aristocratic education in rhetoric, grammar, and philosophy. Tyrannion was known to have befriended Cicero and taught his nephew, Quintus.
426:, who had formerly taught the sons of the Roman general who had taken over Pontus. Aristodemus was the head of two schools of rhetoric and grammar, one in Nysa and one in
430:. The school in Nysa possessed a distinct intellectual curiosity in Homeric literature and the interpretation of the ancient Greek epics. Strabo was an admirer of
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316:(27 BC – AD 14). He moved to Rome in 44 BC, and stayed there, studying and writing, until at least 31 BC. In 29 BC, on his way to
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Geographie, Band 1, Strabo, S.17, Strabo, Karl Kärcher, Gottlieb Lukas
Friedrich Tafel, Christian Nathanael Osiander, Gustav Schwab, Verlag Metzler, 1831.
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Edited by Anna Maria
Biraschi and Giovanni Salmieri, 15–23. Studi di Storia e di Storiografia. Göttingen, Germany: Edizione Scientifiche Italiane.
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to the borders of
Ethiopia; and perhaps not one of those who have written geographies has visited more places than I have between those limits."
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The
Beginnings of Western Science The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, Prehistory A.D. 1450
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308:. Travel throughout the Mediterranean and Near East, especially for scholarly purposes, was popular during this era and was facilitated by the
444:, a highly respected tutor in Augustus's court. Despite Xenarchus's Aristotelian leanings, Strabo later gives evidence to have formed his own
487:("Geography"), which presented a descriptive history of people and places from different regions of the world known during his lifetime.
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Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert, 81–107. Kenneth Nebenzahl Jr. Lectures in the History of Cartography. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
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2016:
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849:". A native of Sicily so clear-sighted that he could see things at great distance as if they were nearby was also called "Strabo".
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is the only extant work providing information about both Greek and Roman peoples and countries during the reign of Augustus.
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This also highlights the international trend of the era that Greek intellectuals would often instruct the Roman elite.
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fortresses over to the Romans. Strabo wrote that "great promises were made in exchange for these services", and as
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may subside, for habitations and cities, like Bure, Bizona, and many others, have been engulfed by earthquakes.'
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Braund, David. 2006. "Greek Geography and Roman Empire: The Transformation of Tradition in Strabo's Euxine." In
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was written, though comments within the work itself place the finished version within the reign of Emperor
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Edited by Daniela Dueck, Hugh Lindsay, and Sarah Pothecary, 216–234. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
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Alps, Italy, Greece, Northern Black Sea region, Anatolia, Middle East, Central Asia and North Africa. The
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949:. Vol. VIII Book XVII. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones. London: William Heinemann. p. 95.
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1341:. Vol. VI Book XIII. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones. London: William Heinemann. p. 183.
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841:) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of
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on his mother's side. Several other family members, including his paternal grandfather, had served
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Accompanied by prefect of Egypt Aelius Gallus, who had been sent on a military mission to Arabia.
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1057:. Vol. I. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones. London: William Heinemann. p. xxv–xxvi.
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Irby, Georgia L. 2012. "Mapping the World: Greek Initiatives from Homer to Eratosthenes." In
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He mentions all or most of his teachers as prominent citizens of their own respective cities.
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506:. It first appeared in Western Europe in Rome as a Latin translation issued around 1469. The
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in three volumes as translated by H.C. Hamilton and W. Falconer, ed. by H.G. Bohn, 1854–1857
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Pfuntner, Laura. 2017. "Death and Birth in the Urban Landscape: Strabo on Troy and Rome."
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into the Atlantic, and perhaps the abundance of sea-shells in Africa, near the Temple of
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Brill's Companion to Ancient Geography: The Inhabited World in Greek and Roman Tradition
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was rarely used by contemporary writers, a multitude of copies survived throughout the
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Kuin, Inger N.I. 2017. "Rewriting Family History: Strabo and the Mithridatic Wars."
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At around the age of 21, Strabo moved to Rome, where he studied philosophy with the
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Ancient Perspectives: Maps and their Place in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome.
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This article is about the Greek geographer. For other people called "Strabo", see
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Bianchetti, Serena; Cataudella, Michele; Gehrke, Hans-Joachim (4 December 2015).
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inclinations. In Rome, he also learned grammar under the rich and famous scholar
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Richards, G. C. 1941. "Strabo: The Anatolian who Failed of Roman Recognition."
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1228:. Vol. I: Greece and the East. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. pp. 325–329.
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The Geography of Strabo: An English Translation, with Introduction and Notes
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Pothecary, Sarah. 1999. "Strabo the Geographer: His Name and its Meaning."
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The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome's Deadliest Enemy
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Clarke, Katherine. 1997. "In Search of the Author of Strabo's Geography."
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Ancient Geography: The Discovery of the World in Classical Greece and Rome
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BC. His family had been involved in politics since at least the reign of
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363:), who is said to have died "just recently". He probably worked on the
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332:, after which point there is little record of his travels until AD 17.
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Strabo's life was characterized by extensive travels. He journeyed to
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Kim, Lawrence. 2007. "The Portrait of Homer in Strabo's Geography."
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964:. In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.).
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and other Greeks on one of the most difficult problems in geology,
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1168:"LacusCurtius • Strabo's Geography — Book II Chapter 5 (§§ 1‑17)"
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Homer between History and Fiction in Imperial Greek Literature
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Greek geographer, philosopher and historian (64/63 BC–c.24 AD)
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1680:(Loeb Classical Library, H. L. Jones translation)
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Alexandria itself features extensively in the last book of
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320:(where Augustus was at the time), he visited the island of
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Strabo's Cultural Geography: The Making of a Kolossourgia.
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Strabo's Cultural Geography: The Making of a Kolossourgia
1294:"Chapter 1 – Account of India by the Greek Writer Strabo"
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Strabons Geographika : mit Übersetzung und Kommentar
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Largely due to his future teacher Athenodorus, tutor of
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to be recognized by scholars and to become a standard.
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Strabo of Amasia: Greek Man of Letters in Augustan Rome
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in the Aegean Sea. Around 25 BC, he sailed up the
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Although Strabo cited the classical Greek astronomers
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culture endured in Amaseia even after Mithridates and
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Bowersock, Glen W. 2005. "La patria di Strabone." In
1464:(2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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waters escaped; but formerly, when the volcanoes of
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Strabonis Geographica. Recens. G. Kramer. Ed. minor
735:, Western Turkey). Strabo's observations predated
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1451:Dueck, D.; H. Lindsay; S. Pothecary, eds. (2005).
624:Strabo…enters largely, in the Second Book of his
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885:Aristodemus was also the grandson of the famous
697:Strabo commented on fossil formation mentioning
2950:Greek-language historians from the Roman Empire
640:He notices, amongst others, the explanation of
1703:Map of the Toponyms in the Geography of Strabo
1116:"Strabo | Greek geographer and historian"
967:The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization
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339:Statue of Strabo in his hometown (modern-day
1523:The Textual Tradition of Strabo's Geography.
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1669:has original text related to this article:
1421:The Textual Tradition of Strabo's Geography
1027:. Princeton University Press. pp. 9–.
222:Strabo was born to an affluent family from
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1684:Works by Strabo at Perseus Digital Library
1483:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1433:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1245:. Cambridge University Press. p. 83.
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889:, whose influence is manifest in Strabo's
455:The final noteworthy mentor to Strabo was
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1455:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1414:(15th ed.). 1998. pp. 296–297.
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970:. Oxford University Press. p. 757.
798:. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
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347:It is not known precisely when Strabo's
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1355:. London: Heinemann. In eight volumes:
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959:
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422:, Turkey) under the master of rhetoric
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1084:Strabo, Geography, Volume I: Books 1–2
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942:
782:
570:, Strabo was the first to connect the
183:during the transitional period of the
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1441:
1306:
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1192:"Strabo Critical Essays - eNotes.com"
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783:Strabo (1852). Kramer, Gustav (ed.).
387:. The first of Strabo's major works,
479:Map of the world according to Strabo
1266:Roller, Duane W. (27 August 2015).
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692:
13:
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1146:. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 2.
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483:Strabo is best known for his work
14:
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1144:The Routledge Companion to Strabo
494:Map of Europe according to Strabo
395:), written while he was in Rome (
2811:Archaeological Museum of Amasya
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578:on the Romanian/Serbian border.
312:enjoyed throughout the reign of
191:. He is best known for his work
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42:16th-century engraving of Strabo
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1070:When was the Geography written?
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870:
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794:Radt, Stefan, ed. (2002–2011).
603:, mentioned similar creatures.
160:; 64 or 63 BC –
2970:Historians from Roman Anatolia
1351:Jones, H. L., transl. (1917).
1061:
1021:Mayor, Adrienne (March 2011).
852:
828:
802:Jones, H. L., transl. (1917).
739:who witnessed the eruption of
544:It is not known when he wrote
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300:in addition to his travels in
1:
2144:Inferior and superior planets
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396:
161:
77:
2847:Tombs of the kings of Pontus
1627:Resources in other libraries
1603:Resources in other libraries
1142:Dueck, Daniela, ed. (2017).
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409:
7:
1460:Lindberg, David C. (2008).
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743:on 24 August AD 79 in
10:
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2980:1st-century BC geographers
2831:Farhad and Shirin Monument
2221:Medieval Islamic astronomy
2018:On the Sizes and Distances
1225:Reading in Ancient History
960:Purcell, Nicholas (2014).
837:(meaning "squinty", as in
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277:Strabo as depicted in the
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2945:Ancient Roman geographers
2940:Ancient Greek geographers
2935:1st-century BC historians
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1941:Sosigenes the Peripatetic
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1622:Resources in your library
1598:Resources in your library
1502:Strabone e l'Asia Minore.
778:. Lipsiae: B.G. Teubneri.
510:was published in 1516 in
304:and the time he spent in
292:, as far west as coastal
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35:
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1715:Works by or about Strabo
1560:, 4th ser. 52.6: 691–704
1516:Journal of Roman Studies
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242:. Strabo was related to
2975:1st-century geographers
1936:Sosigenes of Alexandria
1755:Ancient Greek astronomy
1442:Dueck, Daniela (2000).
1412:Encyclopædia Britannica
1353:The Geography of Strabo
1120:Encyclopedia Britannica
804:The Geography of Strabo
727:) which he observed at
630:, into the opinions of
406:(renumbered 46).
200:
21:Strabo (disambiguation)
2008:On Sizes and Distances
1653:Quotations related to
1521:Diller, Aubrey. 1975.
1469:Roller, Duane (2014).
1446:. New York: Routledge.
1239:Kim, Lawrence (2010).
1220:Davis, William Stearns
762:
712:
690:
495:
480:
344:
281:
219:
2955:Ancient Pontic Greeks
2843:Seljuk Burmali Mosque
2821:Burmali Minare Mosque
2119:Deferent and epicycle
2048:Antikythera mechanism
1403:"Biography of Strabo"
1335:Strabo (1950). "11".
1313:Principles of Geology
1172:penelope.uchicago.edu
943:Strabo (1949). "34".
776:Strabonis Geographica
749:
707:
622:
617:Principles of Geology
508:first printed edition
493:
478:
457:Athenodorus Cananites
393:Historica hypomnemata
359:, king of Maurousia (
338:
276:
208:
2904:Amirdovlat Amasiatsi
2190:Babylonian astronomy
1881:Hippocrates of Chios
1645:at Wikimedia Commons
806:. London: Heinemann.
719:Strabo commented on
296:and as far south as
1961:Theon of Alexandria
1689:Biography of Strabo
1551:Classical Antiquity
1537:Classical Philology
1525:Amsterdam: Hakkert.
1419:Diller, A. (1975).
655:Columns of Hercules
620:, wrote of Strabo:
450:Tyrannion of Amisus
404:University of Milan
389:Historical Sketches
279:Nuremberg Chronicle
248:Mithridates VI
213:'s 1620 edition of
2960:People from Amasya
2806:Amasya University
2195:Egyptian astronomy
2109:Circle of latitude
1708:2023-01-31 at the
810:Strabo's Geography
496:
481:
345:
282:
220:
2912:
2911:
2826:Büyük Aga Medrese
2816:Bayezid II Mosque
2229:
2228:
2104:Celestial spheres
1698:Project Gutenberg
1641:Media related to
1579:Library resources
1252:978-1-139-49024-5
1153:978-1-31744-586-9
1067:Sarah Pothecary,
1034:978-0-691-15026-0
1007:978-90-04-28471-5
1000:. Leiden: Brill.
977:978-0-19-870677-9
772:Meineke, Augustus
737:Pliny the Younger
725:effusive eruption
400: 20 BC
328:until he reached
268:Roman citizenship
165: 24 AD
112:
111:
2987:
2268:
2267:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2216:Indian astronomy
2169:Sublunary sphere
2139:Hipparchic cycle
2078:Mural instrument
2053:Armillary sphere
2032:
2022:
2012:
2002:
1992:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1719:Internet Archive
1664:
1652:
1640:
1546:71.1-2: 102–118.
1488:
1482:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1432:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1388:
1349:
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1124:
1123:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1079:
1073:
1065:
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1058:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1018:
1012:
1011:
991:
982:
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957:
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916:
913:
907:
900:
894:
883:
877:
874:
868:
865:
859:
856:
850:
832:
799:
790:
779:
693:Fossil formation
601:Flavius Josephus
588:Draco dussumieri
504:Byzantine Empire
401:
398:
252:Mithridatic Wars
237:
230:(in present-day
209:Title page from
166:
163:
156:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
80: AD 24
79:
40:
26:
25:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2887:
2883:Peace of Amasya
2868:Amasya Protocol
2863:Amasya Circular
2851:
2839:İstasyon Bridge
2794:
2293:
2272:
2270:Amasya District
2262:
2260:
2230:
2225:
2199:
2178:
2164:Spherical Earth
2099:Callippic cycle
2087:
2068:Equatorial ring
2036:
2030:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1990:
1975:
1966:Theon of Smyrna
1757:
1752:
1710:Wayback Machine
1694:Works by Strabo
1633:
1632:
1631:
1608:
1607:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1570:
1565:Greece and Rome
1539:102.4: 363–388.
1496:
1494:Further reading
1491:
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1051:Strabo (1917).
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847:Pompeius Strabo
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2892:Notable people
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2028:On the Heavens
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682:Lipari Islands
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516:Isaac Casaubon
469:Main article:
466:
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310:relative peace
234:) in around 64
211:Isaac Casaubon
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185:Roman Republic
167:) was a Greek
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2134:Heliocentrism
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2878:Central Army
2712:Sıracevizler
2612:Küçükkızılca
2435:Değirmendere
2027:
2017:
2011:(Hipparchus)
2007:
1998:Catasterismi
1997:
1987:
1945:
1846:Eratosthenes
1676:
1665: Greek
1657:at Wikiquote
1617:Online books
1610:
1593:Online books
1583:
1564:
1557:
1553:36.1: 33–51.
1550:
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1473:. Cambridge.
1470:
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1452:
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1423:. Amsterdam.
1420:
1411:
1395:Bibliography
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1175:. Retrieved
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114:
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86:Roman Empire
82:(aged c. 87)
63:(modern-day
2543:Karaibrahim
2465:Eskikızılca
2129:Geocentrism
2041:Instruments
2031:(Aristotle)
1836:Cleostratus
1801:Aristarchus
1781:Anaximander
1763:Astronomers
1320:. pp.
1318:John Murray
1100:8 September
758:viniculture
557:Geographica
550:Geographica
546:Geographica
534:Geographica
500:Geographica
485:Geographica
471:Geographica
464:Geographica
439:Peripatetic
424:Aristodemus
420:Sultanhisar
250:during the
216:Geographica
194:Geographica
173:philosopher
102:Philosopher
93:Occupations
51:64 or 63 BC
2919:Categories
2742:Yağcıabdal
2662:Özfındıklı
2518:Kaleboğazı
2469:Ezinepazar
2410:Çengelkayı
2360:Bağlarüstü
2204:Influenced
2183:Influences
2154:Octaeteris
2083:Triquetrum
1971:Timocharis
1956:Theodosius
1916:Posidonius
1876:Hipparchus
1866:Heraclides
1806:Aristyllus
1791:Apollonius
1786:Andronicus
1667:Wikisource
1518:87:92–110.
1410:"Strabo".
1177:2022-03-28
887:Posidonius
839:strabismus
817:References
576:Iron Gates
527:Hipparchus
361:Mauretania
302:Asia Minor
232:Cappadocia
181:Asia Minor
169:geographer
99:Geographer
2930:24 deaths
2799:Landmarks
2775:Yıldızköy
2760:Yeşildere
2627:Mahmatlar
2553:Karaköprü
2538:Karaçavuş
2455:Eliktekke
2445:Doğantepe
2415:Çiğdemlik
2058:Astrolabe
1991:(Ptolemy)
1911:Philolaus
1901:Oenopides
1886:Hypsicles
1831:Cleomedes
1826:Callippus
1816:Autolycus
1771:Aglaonice
1677:Geography
1611:By Strabo
1558:Mnemosyne
1479:cite book
1429:cite book
1338:Geography
1054:Geography
946:Geography
923:Citations
891:Geography
721:volcanism
715:Volcanism
699:Nummulite
651:Propontis
627:Geography
614:, in his
597:Aristotle
593:Herodotus
532:As such,
442:Xenarchus
410:Education
385:Aristotle
381:Hecataeus
370:Geography
365:Geography
349:Geography
343:, Turkey)
244:Dorylaeus
187:into the
177:historian
105:Historian
67:, Turkey)
2770:Yıkılgan
2751:Yassıçal
2707:Şeyhsadi
2702:Sevincer
2687:Sarımeşe
2677:Sarıalan
2672:Sarayözü
2667:Saraycık
2657:Ovasaray
2647:Ormanözü
2607:Köyceğiz
2566:Kayabaşı
2548:Karakese
2528:Kapıkaya
2493:Hasabdal
2488:Halifeli
2430:Damudere
2405:Çavuşköy
2400:Çatalçam
2395:Bulduklu
2350:Aydınlık
2335:Ardıçlar
2330:Albayrak
2298:Villages
2159:Solstice
2092:Concepts
1988:Almagest
1931:Seleucus
1891:Menelaus
1851:Euctemon
1706:Archived
1405:. Tufts.
1310:(1832).
1222:(1912).
962:"Strabo"
904:Augustus
765:Editions
731:(modern
418:(modern
353:Tiberius
314:Augustus
298:Ethiopia
264:Tigranes
2856:History
2790:Yuvaköy
2785:Yuvacık
2780:Yolyanı
2765:Yeşilöz
2692:Sarıyar
2682:Sarıkız
2652:Ortaköy
2637:Musaköy
2622:Kuzgeçe
2602:Kızseki
2598:Kızoğlu
2589:Kızılca
2571:Kayacık
2557:Karataş
2533:Karaali
2523:Kaleköy
2513:İpekköy
2478:Gökdere
2440:Direkli
2425:Dadıköy
2385:Boğaköy
2380:Beldağı
2365:Bağlıca
2355:Aydoğdu
2345:Aydınca
2325:Alakadı
2310:Aksalur
2289:Ziyaret
2063:Dioptra
1926:Pytheas
1921:Ptolemy
1871:Hicetas
1861:Geminus
1856:Eudoxus
1811:Attalus
1776:Agrippa
1717:at the
1671:Στράβων
1544:Phoenix
1087:. n.d.
745:Pompeii
659:Jupiter
642:Xanthus
607:Geology
318:Corinth
294:Tuscany
260:Persian
224:Amaseia
158:Strábōn
155:Στράβων
56:Amaseia
2899:Strabo
2747:Yağmur
2727:Tuzsuz
2697:Sazköy
2584:Keşlik
2579:Keçili
2575:Kayrak
2561:Karsan
2503:İlgazi
2498:İbecik
2483:Gözlek
2450:Duruca
2320:Akyazı
2284:Amasya
2174:Zodiac
2124:Equant
2073:Gnomon
1951:Thales
1946:Strabo
1796:Aratus
1655:Strabo
1643:Strabo
1584:Strabo
1581:about
1276:
1249:
1196:eNotes
1150:
1091:
1031:
1004:
974:
843:Pompey
835:Strabo
753:Typhon
686:Ischia
680:, the
647:Strato
599:, and
572:Danube
568:Europe
539:Euxine
512:Venice
428:Rhodes
341:Amasya
330:Philae
322:Gyaros
256:Pontic
236:
228:Pontus
175:, and
115:Strabo
65:Amasya
60:Pontus
30:Strabo
2755:Yavru
2737:Uygur
2722:Tatar
2508:İlyas
2473:Gerne
2460:Ermiş
2370:Bayat
2340:Avşar
2315:Aktaş
2305:Abacı
1980:Works
1896:Meton
1841:Conon
1385:Vol 8
1381:Vol 7
1377:Vol 6
1373:Vol 5
1369:Vol 4
1365:Vol 3
1361:Vol 2
1357:Vol 1
822:Notes
662:Ammon
583:India
446:Stoic
432:Homer
377:Homer
286:Egypt
151:Greek
2732:Ümük
2717:Soma
2642:Oluz
2617:Kutu
2420:Çivi
2390:Böke
2375:Beke
1821:Bion
1485:link
1435:link
1324:–21.
1274:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1148:ISBN
1102:2018
1089:ISBN
1029:ISBN
1002:ISBN
972:ISBN
733:Kula
678:Etna
525:and
416:Nysa
383:and
326:Nile
306:Rome
290:Kush
288:and
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48:Born
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