648:
28:
1375:
446:. These engines drove de Havilland three-blade two-position adjustable pitch propellers. When it was found to leave the aircraft underpowered, these were replaced when the aircraft were returned to Armstrong Whitworth to resolve numerous mechanical problems, with 855 hp (638 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Tiger XIC engines, and constant speed propellers although these didn't fully resolve the problem, and the final two aircraft ordered by Imperial Airways in 1936 were equipped with 1,820 cu in (29.8 L) 9 cylinder single bank 950 hp (710 kW)
721:, and the first letter of its registration was temporarily altered from a G for Great Britain to an F for France. After serving for several months in Mauritania, it was flown to France in October 1942, and the French authorities issued a certificate of airworthiness in November 1942, however before it could return to revenue service, the Germans invaded Vichy France in December 1942, and despite being hastily relocated, it was captured by the Germans along with 1876 other French aircraft.
1340:
352:
501:. The centre section had a large freight compartment aligned with the engines to reduce noise penetration, a pantry, a lavatory on the starboard side, and a narrow corridor sometimes referred to as the 'promenade' deck between the forward and rear compartments. On Empire routes a flight clerk replaced a steward. Aside from the interior setup chosen and the installation of a short-wave radio, there was little difference between the two variants.
510:
1316:
200:
412:. Considerable difficulties with the retraction mechanism were encountered and the wheels on the undercarriage were the largest to have been produced in the UK at that time, with Dunlop wheels and tyres 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) tall. While most components were designed and manufactured by Armstrong Whitworth, the 16 hydraulic jacks used for the
242:. Imperial Airways approached Armstrong Whitworth directly and various configurations were examined including several low-wing monoplanes with two, three and four engines, but Imperial Airways' managing director insisted on a four-engine shoulder wing monoplane, as this was expected to be more popular with passengers.
335:, clearing it for operational use, following the completion of a redesign of the trailing edge covering, the installation of an engine-driven compressor to charge the brakes, throttle control locks, and additional passenger escape hatches. Once completed, the aircraft made its first airline service flight between
186:, often in support of military operations. During 1940, two Ensigns were destroyed by enemy action, while one would be captured in 1942 and subsequently operated by the French. The Ensigns were retired following a final passenger flight in June 1946 and the remaining aircraft were scrapped the following year.
385:. The cantilever structure of the wings was built around a single massive internally braced box spar attached directly to both the front and rear ribs. The leading edge of the wing was metal, but aft of the box spar, the wing was covered by fabric, as were the tailplane and fin. Otherwise, it featured semi-
357:
356:
353:
462:, however production of the engine ended early in the war, and not only did finding spares become difficult, but the rate of climb still generated complaints by the pilots. A boiler to produce steam was fitted to the engine exhaust, which was channelled through the aircraft to provide heat. An auxiliary
752:
flew from Cairo to Hurn via
Marseille, after being delayed in the Middle East by repairs. Conversion of the Ensigns was considered and they were offered for sale, but operating costs were too much for those who showed interest. The aircraft were broken up at Hamble in March and April 1947 and reduced
358:
924:
sustained damage following an accidental undercarriage retraction while stationary in
Nigeria. It was quickly returned to service, but during a major Certificate of Airworthiness overhaul in September 1944, the damage was found to be more substantial than initially realized. Work was abandoned, and
249:
In
October 1934, a final specification was drawn up with particular attention being paid to the positioning of the tailplanes in relation to the wing as well as avoiding wing flutter and tail buffeting. Mass-balanced flight controls were adopted to avoid flutter, while wing fillets smoothed airflow
496:
Eight aircraft were fitted for Empire routes and four for
European routes. The former carried 27 passengers in three cabins or 20 sleeping in bunks, while the latter spread 40 passengers across four main cabins. Armstrong Whitworth claimed that the interior could be reconfigured between each type,
319:
testing. During testing, the elevators intermittently jammed while at altitude, which was resolved by modifying the connecting wire runs, to account for the fuselage contracting due to the cold. A disaster was narrowly averted on 8 March 1938, when all four engines cut out due to an incorrect fuel
736:
During their
Certificate of Airworthiness overhauls it was found that the combination of camouflage dope and heat was accelerating the degradation of the fabric surfaces, and thereafter the Ensigns returned to a silver finish. After the end of the war, in part due to performance and maintenance
245:
Imperial
Airways paid £27,000 for the design work, and a further £43,300 for the construction of the first example on 22 September 1934, with delivery anticipated in 1936. In May 1935, an order for eleven more aircraft, at £37,000 each, was issued, and in December 1936, a final order for an
554:, during which the type's rate of climb was improved while the use of automatic mixture controls, modifications to the priming system, the installation of constant speed propellers and the replacement of bolts with studs in the engine rocker arm brackets greatly improved reliability.
355:
541:
was returned home, over a distance of 2,500 mi (4,000 km), with its undercarriage lowered as they could not be retracted. Consequently, Imperial
Airways returned all five to Armstrong Whitworth, where control runs were modified, rudder area reduced, new
250:
along the fuselage. The structure was built to meet military strength requirements. Performance guarantees required a cruise speed of 155 mph (249 km/h) at 5,000 ft (1,500 m), and a take-off distance of under 320 yd (290 m).
1621:
The main differences between the two engines was that supercharger boost on takeoff was raised from 2.5 to 3.5 lb/in (0.045 to 0.063 kg/mm), and rocker arm bracket bolts were replaced with studs, a common point of failure on the initial
557:
From June 1939, the
Ensigns were re-delivered to Imperial Airways, along with the sixth aircraft built. The airline had changed its deployment plans for the type though, and was dropping the Eastern routes. Plans for four Ensigns to operate with
832:. The starboard inner engine then also failed and the pilot changed course for Lympne. On landing, the starboard undercarriage failed to lock down, causing the wing to drag on the ground and the aircraft to go through a fence.
604:
With the
Germans invading the Low Countries, supplies were ferried to France, followed by evacuation flights ahead of the German occupation of France in June. Three Ensigns were destroyed by enemy action in 1940. G-ADSX
354:
725:
was invited to evaluate the captured aircraft in early 1943, but they saw it as an obsolete model that had been restored by the French, and its older
Cyclone engines were more useful to them in the
493:. It was intended for the Ensign to be operated by a crew of five with two pilots, a radio operator, a steward, and a flight clerk. On the Eastern route a second steward replaced the flight clerk.
2900:
458:
s and all eight surviving Mk.I aircraft were upgraded between 1941 and 1943 to Mk.II standard with the American engines. This improved performance finally allowed the Ensign to be used in
280:
Throughout its development, changes were being requested by Imperial Airways, which delayed progress by up to two years, and the Ensign didn't make its first flight until 24 January 1938.
537:
were completed by Christmas 1938, and were dispatched to Australia with the holiday mail, but all three suffered mechanical problems that prevented them from reaching their destinations.
311:
which was resolved with an adjustment to its servo. The undercarriage was retracted for the first time on the second flight and was subject to exhaustive tests before being passed to the
937:
was making its final paying flight home before being withdrawn from service, but had its undercarriage fail after departing Cairo for England, resulting in a belly landing being made at
559:
283:
The two Mark.IIs saw their service entry being further delayed by Imperial Airways and Armstrong Whitworth studying their use as piggyback motherships in the same manner as the
331:
pilots criticised its slow climb rate, which was attributable to the Tiger XI engines that left it underpowered. Upon completion of the flight testing, the type was issued a
2845:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2775:
2770:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2720:
2715:
2705:
2700:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2660:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2610:
2529:
566:, the Indian registration VT-AJG was painted on the aircraft before being repainted again with its British identity. By September 1939, eleven had been delivered.
497:
including the installation of partition walls and curtains, in 15 minutes. Chair cushions became bunk bed mattresses, and could serve as flotation devices in a
4001:
3960:
2480:
261:
had priority, which slowed work on the Ensign, and due to a lack of production capacity, assembly was not undertaken at Armstrong Whitworth's main factory in
5123:
908:
made a forced landing near Nouakchott due to engine problems. The crew were rescued, and the aircraft was salvaged by the French and entered service with
4658:
4643:
4573:
4568:
4558:
4548:
4538:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4493:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4453:
640:
All eight surviving aircraft were re-engined during 1941–43 with and as they were completed they were transferred to the Middle East on BOAC's Africa to
5285:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5215:
3269:
958:
Powered by four 800 hp (600 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Tiger IX or 850 hp (630 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Tiger IXC radial piston engines.
5063:
4958:
4923:
4878:
4858:
4853:
312:
147:
engines in 1934. Armstrong Whitworth designed the Ensign to seat up to 40 passengers for the airline's European and Asian routes while also carrying
4683:
4673:
1743:
5471:
5466:
5461:
737:
difficulties with their fabric surfaces and the now obsolete engines, it was decided to withdraw them from service and to return them to the UK.
684:, now the capital of Mauritania but at the time a small fishing village. Incriminating paperwork was destroyed, and the crew were taken on to
663:
Following engine trouble in which three engines lost power and began leaking oil during a 3 February 1942 flight that had been following the
291:, carrying a smaller long-range parasite aircraft. However this idea was abandoned before any changes were completed. Due to this delay,
2473:
163:. Early operations were hindered by mechanical problems and modifications only ever marginally improved performance and reliability.
393:. The wing was recessed into the top of a very deep fuselage, while tubular girders provided the floor with the necessary strength.
2236:. Aircraft Circulars No. 206. Washington, DC: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. 1937 – via UNT digital library.
647:
226:. The airline was expanding and modernizing its fleet, driven in part by the obsolescence of its biplane airliners, such as the
5523:
3262:
5533:
5513:
5508:
3796:
3484:
2466:
2309:
868:, France due to the runway being strewn with time-delay bombs, and the burnt-out wreck was photographed shortly afterwards.
590:
171:
69:
5265:
5260:
5245:
5210:
5178:
3438:
3433:
3786:
2347:
2253:
1663:
Moss and Tapper give a lower weight: 36,586 lb (16,595 kg) and 36,590 lb (16,600 kg) respectively
945:
Repairs took until 3 June 1946, when it departed on the last flight made by an Ensign, for the UK, and the scrap yard.
3806:
3255:
3227:
2890:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
246:
additional two aircraft, priced at £39,766 13 shillings 4 pence each, brought the number of aircraft ordered to 14.
685:
420:
units sourced locally. Retraction was often uneven and unpredictable and took significantly longer than specified.
5518:
4793:
4378:
3370:
4413:
4388:
4021:
3996:
3375:
4418:
3672:
2420:
2328:
2272:
562:
from Calcutta, were also cancelled, although registrations and new names had been assigned and, in the case of
1523:
1,370 mi (2,200 km, 1,190 nmi) at 173 mph (278 km/h) and 5,000 ft (1,500 m)
637:
engines. a myth refuted by photographs of the burnt out wreck taken shortly after the arrival of the Germans.
597:
instead of being impressed into military service. It was at this time, in 1940, that several were operated by
525:", which also became the Class name for the type, as was their standard practice. Three more Ensigns – G-ADSS
4092:
4016:
3509:
3222:
3149:
2870:
2810:
2725:
2574:
2366:
Moss, P.W. (22 February 1957). "Ensign Class: The History of a Fleet of Airliners That Went to War: Part 2".
2357:
Moss, P.W. (15 January 1957). "Ensign Class: The History of a Fleet of Airliners That Went to War: Part 1".
1374:
729:
they were still operating. The engines were removed from the airframe, which was scrapped by the Germans in
5183:
5118:
5093:
5058:
5038:
4978:
4718:
4693:
4668:
4603:
4543:
3458:
3453:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3164:
3154:
2998:
2955:
2935:
2905:
2695:
2595:
2590:
2489:
618:
332:
55:
769:
was damaged in a forced landing, and in December 1939, it was reported to be at Bonniksen's Airfield near
27:
5528:
5371:
5043:
5033:
5013:
4988:
4928:
4913:
4813:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4583:
4533:
4188:
3991:
3760:
3719:
3688:
3598:
3448:
3092:
2965:
2710:
594:
254:
327:
Flight testing of the prototype found its handling characteristics to be generally acceptable, although
5376:
5158:
5113:
5103:
4908:
4598:
4478:
4408:
4031:
3981:
3770:
3724:
3387:
3247:
3159:
3139:
3134:
3118:
3113:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3008:
2993:
2950:
2940:
2885:
2875:
2840:
2815:
2780:
2765:
2665:
2635:
2615:
2600:
2559:
2554:
2514:
2453:
2442:
1751:
912:
before being captured by the Germans in December 1942, who stripped it of its engines and scrapped it.
5275:
4993:
4938:
4903:
4898:
4868:
4803:
4753:
4628:
4398:
4368:
4306:
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3635:
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3185:
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2605:
2569:
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2534:
2524:
2519:
3950:
3858:
3811:
3206:
2970:
1580:
547:
543:
427:
220:
144:
1642:
Four aircraft were assigned Indian registrations starting with the letters VT, and in two cases ('
5280:
5270:
5255:
5220:
5173:
5163:
5088:
5078:
5053:
5028:
4968:
4948:
4933:
4883:
4863:
4848:
4823:
4798:
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4778:
4733:
4678:
4663:
4648:
4618:
4593:
4438:
4428:
4351:
4087:
4011:
4006:
3739:
3662:
3608:
3536:
3479:
3334:
3144:
3108:
2880:
486:
2231:
481:
seated sideways behind the copilot, on the right side of the aircraft. The radio operator had a
5426:
5406:
5396:
5321:
5143:
5138:
5128:
5098:
5068:
4943:
4888:
4773:
4763:
4748:
4623:
4483:
4363:
4229:
4163:
4097:
3940:
3919:
3693:
3630:
3613:
3567:
3552:
3516:
3413:
3344:
1597:
1570:
1565:
708:
50:
2233:
Armstrong Whitworth 27 "Ensign" Commercial Airplane (British) An all-metal high-wing monoplane
4768:
4138:
4061:
4026:
3899:
3765:
3397:
3087:
2945:
2438:
British Pathé newsreel "New Airliner - Croydon (1938)" featuring an Armstrong Whitwoth Ensign
964:
Powered by four 950 hp (710 kW) Wright GR-1820-G102A Cyclone radial piston engines.
447:
797:
5436:
5416:
5341:
5195:
5168:
4808:
4788:
4448:
4326:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4133:
4056:
3904:
3801:
3703:
3309:
3278:
824:
raid on Merville Airfield, but not without sustaining damage. The intended destination was
789:
551:
417:
284:
270:
8:
5431:
5148:
4998:
4653:
4488:
4214:
4128:
3909:
3588:
1361:
770:
722:
390:
227:
175:
389:
construction, using a combination of stressed skin, transverse frames, and longitudinal
5073:
5048:
5003:
4833:
4738:
4608:
4280:
4260:
4113:
3914:
3557:
3031:
861:
677:
598:
586:
413:
577:
while officials considered their contribution to the war effort. Each Ensign would be
4563:
4346:
4331:
4219:
3329:
3314:
3038:
2416:
2399:
2394:
2380:
2343:
2324:
2305:
2301:
Britain's Imperial Air Routes, 1918 to 1939: The story of Britain's overseas airlines
2287:
2268:
2249:
1550:
938:
793:
550:
engines were fitted to improve performance. The modified aircraft were evaluated at
741:, which had been parked since February 1945, was cannibalized to repair the others.
5476:
5446:
5401:
5391:
5361:
5300:
5290:
5250:
5225:
5200:
5190:
5108:
4973:
4893:
4698:
4503:
4423:
4393:
4275:
3976:
3894:
3729:
3603:
3392:
3024:
828:
but off the English coast, the port inner engine failed and the pilot diverted for
693:
629:
after being damaged by bombs on 1 June 1940, and was rumoured to have been used by
582:
574:
490:
482:
477:
seated two pilots, side-by-side who were provided with dual controls, along with a
467:
466:-driven generator supplied electricity for lighting and to recharge the aircraft's
212:
167:
140:
65:
1473:
670 imp gal (800 US gal; 3,000 L) (in wing leading edges)
5351:
5316:
5295:
5133:
5083:
4983:
4963:
4953:
4843:
4638:
4578:
4356:
4270:
4224:
4077:
3889:
3734:
3625:
3620:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3380:
3339:
3282:
3201:
2960:
2930:
2299:
825:
730:
336:
328:
266:
258:
230:, and a new British Government policy stipulating that first class mail with the
133:
2449:
British Paramount News newsreel "BRITAINS NEW AIR GIANT ON MAIDEN FLIGHT" (1938)
367:
5205:
5023:
5008:
4873:
4838:
4818:
4758:
4743:
4688:
4633:
4613:
4553:
4433:
4373:
4265:
4255:
4158:
4143:
4123:
4118:
4082:
3863:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3791:
3755:
3667:
3463:
2925:
2458:
2282:
Harrison, W.A. (March 2015). "Aeroplane Database: Armstrong Whitworth Ensign".
1345:
942:
881:
478:
434:
of 1,996 cu in (32.71 L) displacement mounted ahead of the wing
431:
274:
231:
2447:
2436:
848:
was officially written off on 15 November 1941 and scrapped in September 1942.
423:
The Ensign was initially powered by four 800 hp (600 kW) moderately
5502:
5018:
4723:
4336:
4321:
4316:
4153:
4051:
3873:
3868:
3853:
3698:
3562:
3349:
3319:
3304:
2403:
2384:
2370:. Vol. 71, no. 2509. London, UK: Iliffe and Sons. pp. 247–250.
2361:. Vol. 71, no. 2508. London, UK: Iliffe and Sons. pp. 203–206.
2291:
1585:
1575:
1487:
889:
885:
498:
451:
340:
223:
362:
Video of A.W.27 Ensign, including original news story introduction to public
307:
The Ensign's first flight revealed heavy ailerons, and an excessively heavy
5153:
4918:
4828:
4728:
4588:
4296:
4193:
4148:
3955:
3945:
3924:
3572:
1560:
829:
726:
674:
634:
630:
570:
459:
435:
424:
401:
321:
316:
239:
160:
4245:
1517:
180 mph (290 km/h, 160 kn) at 5,000 ft (1,500 m)
1511:
210 mph (340 km/h, 180 kn) at 6,700 ft (2,000 m)
696:
235:
179:
3277:
234:
travel by air. Imperial Airways also issued a specification for a large
174:(BOAC), which had been formed out of the merger of Imperial Airways and
4250:
1330:
909:
837:
813:
714:
681:
626:
578:
178:. The type would be flown between Britain and various locations in the
2246:
Imperial Airways – The Birth of the British Airline Industry 1914–1940
680:
desert about 300 mi (480 km) short of its destination, near
1555:
786:
509:
409:
397:
386:
382:
370:
216:
156:
1378:
Armstrong Whitworth A.W.27 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile June 1937
893:
748:
and the final Ensign passenger flight was in June 1946 when G-ADSW
745:
665:
378:
262:
152:
129:
43:
703:
was found by a Vichy French patrol on 12 Feb 1942 and repaired at
1651:
593:(BOAC) in November under civilian control under the direction of
589:, Paris. The aircraft returned to service after the formation of
474:
443:
405:
148:
840:
in June, but it was decided to cannibalise her to repair G-ADSU
1315:
733:, near Toulouse in December 1943 without it being flown again.
689:
463:
439:
308:
1405:
5 (captain, first officer, radio operator, two cabin stewards)
1650:), names, for use by Indian Trans-Continental Airways out of
865:
704:
656:
641:
374:
199:
183:
2340:
Squadron Histories: R.F.C., R.N.A.S. and R.A.F., since 1912
817:
143:
requested tenders for a large monoplane airliner with four
2375:
Ricco, Phillipe (October 2017). "Flag of Convenience".
1423:
27 passengers in 3 cabins with sleeping accommodations.
489:(RDF) equipment, and on empire routes, also operated a
2304:(Revised ed.). Fonthill. 2016. pp. 160–161.
1490:
geared radial engines, 950 hp (710 kW) each
1480:
40 imp gal (48 US gal; 180 L)
896:
and the aircraft was repaired and returned to service.
669:
route between Egypt and the British colony in Ghana,
132:
and the largest airliner built in Britain during the
844:
which had previously been damaged in December 1939.
1545:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
744:From 1944, the Ensigns were used between Cairo and
2379:(27). Horsham, UK: The Aviation Historian: 18–23.
601:crews, although no serials numbers were assigned.
573:, the entire fleet was stored in October 1939, at
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
1369:
1038:Initially assigned registration VT-AJE and named
313:Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment
5500:
2488:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
302:
299:did not make its first flight until 28 October.
211:The Ensign's origins can be traced to 1934 when
2398:. Vol. 16, no. 7. pp. 433–437.
2323:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: Putnam.
2189:
1938:
442:mountings and enclosed in Siddeley long chord
3263:
2474:
2072:
820:. It was one of six aircraft that survived a
2392:Stroud, John (July 1988). "Wings of Peace".
2286:. Stamford: Key Publishing. pp. 77–94.
2144:
1984:
1982:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1840:
1838:
546:and more powerful 935 hp (697 kW)
517:in 1940 with wartime camouflage and roundels
1805:
1803:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1535:900 ft/min (4.6 m/s) at sea level
1352:British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC)
1019:Converted to Mk.II. Out of service in 1944
454:and Hamilton constant speed propellers, as
438:on a tubular steel framework with flexible
416:, undercarriage legs, locks and doors were
3270:
3256:
2481:
2467:
2180:
2162:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1991:
1826:
1529:24,000 ft (7,300 m) fully loaded
756:
320:cock settings, and the aircraft glided to
2243:
2211:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2063:
2054:
2000:
1979:
1947:
1922:
1868:
1856:
1847:
1835:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1775:
1766:
1654:, but the planned delivery was cancelled.
203:Armstrong Whitworth A.W.27 Ensign G-ADSR
2281:
2265:Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II
2262:
1915:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1798:
1784:
1717:
1701:
1677:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1386:Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II
1373:
925:the airframe scrapped on 3 January 1945.
646:
508:
350:
198:
2413:Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft since 1913
2318:
2238:from Flight, January 7 and April 1 1937
2045:
2036:
2027:
2009:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1390:Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft since 1913
5501:
2410:
2391:
2153:
1812:
1496:3-bladed Hamilton 23E50 107 propellors
521:Imperial Airways named the prototype "
504:
408:of the inner engines, and a castoring
3251:
2462:
2374:
2337:
2171:
1910:
1888:
1738:
1736:
1625:
1615:
253:During the late 1930s, production of
2365:
2356:
2342:(2nd ed.). London, UK: Putnam.
1956:
1437:123 ft 0 in (37.49 m)
1431:114 ft 0 in (34.75 m)
1241:Initially assigned VT-AJH and named
974:List of Armstrong Whitworth Ensigns
591:British Overseas Airways Corporation
172:British Overseas Airways Corporation
128:was a British four-engine monoplane
70:British Overseas Airways Corporation
5309:
1744:"Armstrong Whitworth A.W.27 Ensign"
1181:Destroyed by enemy action May 1940
968:
673:made a forced belly landing in the
207:at the time of its rollout, in 1938
170:, the Ensigns were operated by the
13:
1733:
1449:2,450 sq ft (228 m)
1443:23 ft 0 in (7.01 m)
14:
5545:
2430:
2321:British Civil Aircraft since 1919
707:where it was briefly used by the
126:Armstrong Whitworth A.W.27 Ensign
1467:66,000 lb (29,937 kg)
1455:35,075 lb (15,910 kg)
1338:
1314:
792:fighters while on the ground at
717:in July 1942, when it was named
613:were lost in France, and G-ADTC
560:Indian Trans-Continental Airways
26:
2224:
2090:
1970:
1750:. 20 April 2006. Archived from
1657:
1461:55,500 lb (25,174 kg)
324:, making a dead-stick landing.
265:, but at another member of the
2248:. Surrey, England: Ian Allan.
2096:Moss, January 1957, pp.204-205
1997:Tapper, 1988, pp.244 & 246
1370:Specifications (A.W.27A Mk.II)
295:only flew on 20 June 1940 and
189:
1:
5524:Four-engined tractor aircraft
2159:Stroud, June 1988, pp.433–437
1603:
1355:Imperial Airways London (IAL)
1301:Assigned G-ADTD but not used
1271:Assigned G-ADTE but not used
1143:Abandoned and destroyed 1940
888:. A safe landing was made at
773:with a damaged undercarriage.
659:in the Gold Coast (now Ghana)
581:and used on a new route from
303:Flight testing and production
215:expressed a need for a large
194:
155:flights that continued on to
5534:Four-engined piston aircraft
5514:Armstrong Whitworth aircraft
5509:Aircraft first flown in 1938
2490:Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft
2267:. New York: Crescent Books.
1670:
1307:
880:was attacked by a Luftwaffe
800:, France and was burned out.
713:before being handed over to
548:Armstrong Siddeley Tiger IXC
448:Wright GR-1820-G102A Cyclone
333:certificate of airworthiness
151:. It connected Britain with
56:Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft
7:
1967:Bridgman 1988, pp. 103–104.
1539:
1200:Initially assigned VT-AJG.
1083:Initially assigned VT-AJF.
949:
595:National Air Communications
569:Following the start of the
366:The Ensign was a high-wing
10:
5550:
2263:Bridgman, Leonard (1988).
2244:Bluffield, Robert (2009).
2150:Bluffield 2009, pp.211–213
2069:Moss, February 1957, p.250
2060:Moss, February 1957, p.249
1202:Written off November 1941
812:was damaged in a crash at
5489:
4305:
4289:
4238:
4207:
4106:
4070:
4044:
3969:
3933:
3882:
3846:
3839:
3779:
3748:
3712:
3681:
3655:
3648:
3581:
3545:
3472:
3406:
3358:
3297:
3290:
3215:
3194:
3173:
3127:
3101:
3065:
3049:
3017:
2986:
2979:
2858:
2583:
2507:
2496:
2208:22 February 1957, p. 250.
2186:Tapper 1988, pp. 253-254.
1976:Moss, January 1957, p.204
1417:40 passengers in 4 cabins
1248:
995:
544:constant-speed propellers
377:construction and an oval
346:
219:airliner powered by four
114:
106:
98:
90:
85:
77:
61:
49:
39:
34:
25:
20:
2168:Higham, 2016, pp.160-161
1832:Tapper, 1988, pp.239-241
1781:Tapper, 1988, pp.236-237
1772:Tapper, 1988, pp.235-236
1608:
1581:Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor
1415:European/Western routes:
428:Armstrong Siddeley Tiger
221:Armstrong Siddeley Tiger
145:Armstrong Siddeley Tiger
5519:1930s British airliners
3285:aircraft and spacecraft
2141:Jackson, 1973, pp.55–57
2114:Tapper, 1988, p.250-251
1396:General characteristics
1326:Armée de l'Air de Vichy
757:Accidents and incidents
710:Armée de l'Air de Vichy
651:Ensign Mark.II, G-ADSV
487:radio direction finding
430:XI 14 cylinder two-row
2411:Tapper, Olive (1988).
2377:The Aviation Historian
2319:Jackson, A.J. (1973).
2087:Harbar, 2015, pp.77-94
1598:List of civil aircraft
1571:de Havilland Albatross
1566:Boeing 307 Stratoliner
1421:Empire/Eastern routes:
1379:
1358:Royal Air Force (RAF)
1178:Western/European type
1159:Western/European type
1140:Western/European type
1121:Western/European type
785:was attacked by three
660:
625:had been abandoned at
518:
513:Ensign Mark.I, G-ADTC
485:transmitter/receiver,
470:while on the ground.
404:which folded into the
363:
208:
3473:C-130 Hercules family
3340:8-D, E & G Altair
2338:Lewis, Peter (1968).
1377:
1235:Imperial Airways/BOAC
1216:Imperial Airways/BOAC
1194:Imperial Airways/BOAC
1175:Imperial Airways/BOAC
1156:Imperial Airways/BOAC
1137:Imperial Airways/BOAC
1118:Imperial Airways/BOAC
1099:Imperial Airways/BOAC
1077:Imperial Airways/BOAC
1058:Imperial Airways/BOAC
1032:Imperial Airways/BOAC
1013:Imperial Airways/BOAC
917:On 4 September 1942,
762:On 15 December 1939,
650:
512:
361:
202:
3682:Shooting Star family
3546:L-188 Electra family
3407:Constellation family
2584:Post-First World War
2217:Tapper 1988, p. 254.
1748:Imperial-Airways,com
1488:Wright GR-1820-G102A
1238:Eastern/Empire type
1219:Eastern/Empire type
1197:Eastern/Empire type
1102:Eastern/Empire type
1080:Eastern/Empire type
1061:Eastern/Empire type
1035:Eastern/Empire type
1016:Eastern/Empire type
961:A.W.27A Ensign Mk.II
901:On 1 February 1942,
873:On 9 November 1941,
790:Messerschmitt Bf 109
456:A.W.27A Ensign Mk.II
381:with a conventional
343:on 24 October 1938.
285:Short Mayo Composite
271:Air Service Training
139:The British airline
2132:Tapper, 1988, p.253
2123:Tapper, 1988, p.252
2105:Ricco, 2017 p.18-23
2051:Ricco, 2017 p.22-23
2006:Tapper, 1988, p.247
1988:Tapper, 1988, p.246
1953:Tapper, 1988, p.251
1944:Flight, 1957, p.247
1935:Tapper, 1988, p.244
1885:Tapper, 1988, p.278
1865:Tapper, 1988, p.243
1853:Tapper, 1988, p.242
1844:Tapper, 1988, p.241
1795:Tapper, 1988, p.279
1730:Tapper, 1988, p.236
1714:Tapper, 1988, p.235
1698:Tapper, 1988, p.237
1465:Max takeoff weight:
1362:No. 24 Squadron RAF
1222:Converted to Mk.II
1162:Converted to Mk.II
1124:Converted to Mk.II
1105:Converted to Mk.II
1085:Converted to Mk.II
1064:Converted to Mk.II
1044:Converted to Mk.II
975:
930:On 1 January 1946,
771:RAF Chipping Warden
723:Deutsche Luft Hansa
655:being refuelled at
505:Operational history
238:, which became the
228:Handley Page H.P.42
35:General information
5529:High-wing aircraft
3713:Starfighter family
2415:. London: Putnam.
1380:
973:
955:A.W.27 Ensign Mk.I
862:Le Bourget Airport
678:French West Africa
661:
621:in November 1940.
619:Bristol Whitchurch
599:No.24 Squadron RAF
587:Le Bourget Airport
575:Baginton Aerodrome
519:
364:
209:
5496:
5495:
5485:
5484:
4040:
4039:
3835:
3834:
3644:
3643:
3371:12 Electra Junior
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3050:Army co-operation
2854:
2853:
2395:Aeroplane Monthly
2311:978-1-78155-370-1
2177:Lewis, 1968, p.22
1551:Avro 642 Eighteen
1305:
1304:
939:RAF Castel Benito
860:was abandoned at
633:, and even given
396:The Ensign had a
359:
122:
121:
99:Introduction date
5541:
5458:
5453:
5443:
5423:
5413:
5388:
5383:
5368:
5358:
5348:
5333:
5328:
5307:
5306:
4515:
4510:
4500:
4460:
4445:
4405:
4385:
4343:
3847:Blackbird family
3844:
3843:
3656:Lightning family
3653:
3652:
3444:L-1649 Starliner
3376:14 Super Electra
3326:
3295:
3294:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3249:
3248:
3057:Atlas/Ajax/Aries
2984:
2983:
2505:
2504:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2450:
2439:
2426:
2407:
2388:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2334:
2315:
2295:
2278:
2259:
2240:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2202:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2070:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2042:Ricco, 2017 p.21
2040:
2034:
2033:Ricco, 2017 p.19
2031:
2025:
2024:Ricco, 2017 p.23
2022:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1920:
1917:
1908:
1905:
1886:
1883:
1866:
1863:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1823:Ricco, 2017 p.18
1821:
1810:
1807:
1796:
1793:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1754:on 20 April 2008
1740:
1731:
1728:
1715:
1712:
1699:
1696:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1640:
1623:
1619:
1527:Service ceiling:
1504:
1398:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1319:
1318:
982:Registration(s)
976:
972:
969:List of aircraft
853:On 1 June 1940,
805:On 23 May 1940,
778:On 23 May 1940,
694:Short Sunderland
675:Vichy-controlled
583:Heston Aerodrome
571:Second World War
552:Martlesham Heath
491:short-wave radio
483:Marconi wireless
360:
315:(A&AEE) for
213:Imperial Airways
168:Second World War
141:Imperial Airways
66:Imperial Airways
30:
18:
17:
5549:
5548:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5481:
5456:
5451:
5441:
5421:
5411:
5386:
5381:
5366:
5356:
5346:
5331:
5326:
5305:
4513:
4508:
4498:
4458:
4443:
4403:
4383:
4341:
4308:
4301:
4285:
4234:
4203:
4102:
4066:
4036:
3997:Desert Hawk III
3987:Cormorant (UAV)
3965:
3951:YO-3 Quiet Star
3929:
3905:P2V/P-2 Neptune
3883:Maritime patrol
3878:
3859:SR-71 Blackbird
3831:
3775:
3744:
3708:
3677:
3649:Fighter-bombers
3640:
3577:
3541:
3468:
3402:
3354:
3324:
3286:
3283:Lockheed Martin
3276:
3246:
3237:
3228:Argosy (AW.660)
3211:
3190:
3174:General purpose
3169:
3123:
3097:
3061:
3045:
3013:
2975:
2850:
2579:
2508:First World War
2500:
2498:
2492:
2487:
2448:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2350:
2331:
2312:
2298:
2275:
2256:
2230:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2203:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1923:
1919:NACA, 1937, p.6
1918:
1911:
1907:NACA, 1937, p.7
1906:
1889:
1884:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1813:
1808:
1799:
1794:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1718:
1713:
1702:
1697:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1641:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1542:
1500:
1474:
1411:
1394:
1372:
1339:
1337:
1313:
1310:
1292:
1287:
1280:
971:
952:
759:
507:
351:
349:
337:Croydon Airport
329:Royal Air Force
305:
267:Hawker-Siddeley
259:Royal Air Force
255:Whitley bombers
197:
192:
176:British Airways
134:Interwar period
110:24 January 1938
73:
12:
11:
5:
5547:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5313:
5311:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4211:
4209:
4208:Light aircraft
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4088:AH-56 Cheyenne
4085:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3841:
3840:Reconnaissance
3837:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3631:Vega Starliner
3628:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3609:L-1011 Tristar
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3359:Electra family
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3305:1 & 2 Vega
3301:
3299:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3195:Reconnaissance
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2994:Argosy (1920s)
2990:
2988:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2445:
2432:
2431:External links
2429:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2408:
2389:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2349:978-0370000220
2348:
2335:
2329:
2316:
2310:
2296:
2279:
2273:
2260:
2255:978-1906537074
2254:
2241:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2210:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2071:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2008:
1999:
1990:
1978:
1969:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1921:
1909:
1887:
1867:
1855:
1846:
1834:
1825:
1811:
1809:Jackson, 1973,
1797:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1732:
1716:
1700:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1624:
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1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1533:Rate of climb:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1509:Maximum speed:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1481:
1475:
1471:Fuel capacity:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1406:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:United Kingdom
1334:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:Armée de l'Air
1289:
1288:F-AFZV/F-BAHD
1284:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1245:
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1021:
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956:
951:
948:
947:
946:
927:
926:
914:
913:
898:
897:
882:Heinkel He 111
870:
869:
850:
849:
802:
801:
775:
774:
758:
755:
506:
503:
479:radio operator
452:radial engines
432:radial engines
348:
345:
304:
301:
224:radial engines
196:
193:
191:
188:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
68:
63:
59:
58:
53:
47:
46:
41:
37:
36:
32:
31:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5546:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
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5504:
5488:
5478:
5475:
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5470:
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5463:
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5455:
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5299:
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5264:
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4707:
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4607:
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4477:
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4457:
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4452:
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4407:
4402:
4400:
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4390:
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4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
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4350:
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4345:
4340:
4338:
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4333:
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4328:
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4295:
4294:
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4288:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4230:Little Dipper
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4098:VH-92 Patriot
4096:
4094:
4093:VH-71 Kestrel
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3920:CP-140 Aurora
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:Raptor family
3747:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3414:Constellation
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3310:3 Air Express
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
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3193:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3041:
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3035:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2972:
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2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
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2234:
2229:
2228:
2214:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1983:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
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1876:
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1792:
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1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1618:
1614:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1592:Related lists
1587:
1586:Junkers Ju 90
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:Douglas DC-4E
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1515:Cruise speed:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1478:Oil capacity:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1459:Gross weight:
1457:
1454:
1453:Empty weight:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
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1231:
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1226:
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1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
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1177:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
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1146:
1142:
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1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1117:
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1101:
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1034:
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1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
977:
963:
960:
957:
954:
953:
944:
940:
936:
933:
929:
928:
923:
920:
916:
915:
911:
907:
904:
900:
899:
895:
891:
890:RAF Portreath
887:
886:Bay of Biscay
883:
879:
876:
872:
871:
867:
863:
859:
856:
852:
851:
847:
843:
839:
836:was flown to
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
808:
804:
803:
799:
795:
791:
788:
784:
781:
777:
776:
772:
768:
765:
761:
760:
754:
751:
747:
742:
740:
734:
732:
728:
727:Douglas DC-3s
724:
720:
716:
712:
711:
706:
702:
698:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
676:
672:
668:
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654:
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645:
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453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
402:undercarriage
399:
398:hydraulically
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
344:
342:
341:Paris, France
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
318:
314:
310:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
247:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
222:
218:
214:
206:
201:
187:
185:
182:, Africa and
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
127:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
80:
76:
71:
67:
64:
62:Primary users
60:
57:
54:
52:
48:
45:
42:
38:
33:
29:
24:
21:A.W.27 Ensign
19:
16:
5491:Not assigned
5336:
4139:Star Clipper
4107:Experimental
3934:Other crewed
3900:PV-2 Harpoon
3895:PV-1 Ventura
3135:F.K.9/F.K.10
3102:Experimental
3039:
3032:
3025:
3003:
2920:
2655:
2501:designations
2497:Manufacturer
2412:
2393:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2339:
2320:
2300:
2283:
2264:
2245:
2237:
2232:
2225:Bibliography
2213:
2205:
2182:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2002:
1993:
1972:
1949:
1940:
1849:
1828:
1777:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1752:the original
1747:
1659:
1647:
1643:
1617:
1591:
1590:
1561:Bloch MB.160
1544:
1543:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1483:
1477:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1325:
1320:Vichy France
1296:/Air France
1293:
1281:
1276:
1258:
1249:
1242:
1227:
1208:
1201:
1186:
1167:
1148:
1129:
1110:
1091:
1084:
1069:
1050:
1043:
1039:
1024:
1005:
996:
985:Operator(s)
934:
931:
921:
918:
905:
902:
877:
874:
857:
854:
845:
841:
833:
830:RAF Hawkinge
821:
809:
806:
782:
779:
766:
763:
749:
743:
738:
735:
718:
709:
700:
670:
664:
662:
652:
639:
635:Daimler-Benz
622:
614:
610:
606:
603:
568:
563:
556:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
520:
514:
495:
472:
460:hot climates
455:
436:leading edge
425:supercharged
422:
400:retractable
395:
365:
326:
322:RAF Bicester
317:Air Ministry
306:
296:
292:
288:
282:
279:
252:
248:
244:
240:Short Empire
210:
204:
165:
161:South Africa
138:
125:
123:
107:First flight
91:Manufactured
78:Number built
51:Manufacturer
15:
4134:Senior Prom
4071:Helicopters
3992:Desert Hawk
3780:Other types
3582:Other types
3388:18 Lodestar
3298:Vega family
1502:Performance
1494:Propellers:
1484:Powerplant:
697:flying boat
609:and G-ADSZ
579:camouflaged
533:and G-ADSU
236:flying boat
190:Development
180:Middle East
166:During the
5503:Categories
4281:Trident II
4251:High Virgo
4215:Big Dipper
4129:Senior Peg
4032:X-44 (UAV)
3925:P-7 LRAACA
3910:S-3 Viking
3771:X-44 MANTA
3398:43 Harpoon
3393:37 Ventura
3381:414 Hudson
3366:10 Electra
3330:7 Explorer
3315:4 Explorer
3291:Transports
3216:Transports
2891:Argosy (2)
2886:Argosy (1)
2422:0851778267
2330:0370100069
2274:0517679647
1758:31 January
1604:References
1447:Wing area:
1331:Air France
1282:Nouakchott
1277:Enterprise
910:Air France
906:Enterprise
838:RAF Hamble
814:RAF Lympne
753:to scrap.
731:Montaudran
719:Nouakchott
715:Air France
701:Enterprise
692:by an RAF
682:Nouakchott
671:Enterprise
627:Le Bourget
410:tail wheel
368:cantilever
297:Enterprise
195:Background
4276:Trident I
4261:Ping-Pong
4114:Have Blue
3915:P-3 Orion
3599:Excalibur
3350:DL.1 Vega
3223:Albemarle
3150:Armadillo
2987:Airliners
2901:Armadillo
2871:Albemarle
2499:numerical
2404:0143-7240
2385:2051-1930
2292:0143-7240
2284:Aeroplane
1671:Citations
1556:Avro York
1435:Wingspan:
1409:Capacity:
1383:Data from
1308:Operators
1111:Eddystone
935:Eddystone
884:over the
822:Luftwaffe
787:Luftwaffe
750:Eddystone
529:, G-ADST
468:batteries
391:stringers
387:monocoque
383:tailplane
373:of light
371:monoplane
217:monoplane
157:Australia
94:1938-1940
4949:400 (II)
4829:282 (II)
4271:Poseidon
4239:Missiles
4220:Explorer
4045:Trainers
3335:8 Sirius
3279:Lockheed
3165:Starling
3155:Scimitar
3128:Fighters
3018:Airships
2999:Atalanta
2956:Starling
2936:Scimitar
2931:Sea Hawk
2906:Atalanta
1622:version.
1540:See also
1228:Endymion
1149:Empyrean
1092:Explorer
1051:Elsinore
950:Variants
894:Cornwall
846:Euryalus
834:Euryalus
810:Euryalus
794:Merville
746:Calcutta
686:Bathurst
666:Takoradi
653:Explorer
644:routes.
615:Endymion
539:Elsinore
531:Elsinore
515:Endymion
499:ditching
444:cowlings
418:Lockheed
406:nacelles
379:fuselage
263:Coventry
257:for the
153:seaplane
130:airliner
44:Airliner
4944:400 (I)
4824:282 (I)
4309:numbers
4297:J37/T35
4290:Engines
4266:Polaris
4256:Perseus
4012:Polecat
4007:MQM-105
3977:Aequare
3740:CL-1200
3730:NF-104A
3604:JetStar
3510:EC-130H
3345:9 Orion
3202:Tadpole
3119:A.W.171
3093:Whitley
3066:Bombers
2980:By role
2966:Whitley
2961:Tadpole
2859:By name
2846:A.W.690
2841:A.W.681
2836:A.W.680
2831:A.W.670
2826:A.W.660
2821:A.W.650
2816:A.W.171
2811:A.W.169
2806:A.W.168
2454:YouTube
2443:YouTube
1652:Karachi
1441:Height:
1429:Length:
1263:G-AFZU
1259:Everest
1187:Euralus
1168:Elysian
1130:Ettrick
1070:Euterpe
943:Tripoli
878:Everest
858:Ettrick
842:Euterpe
826:Croydon
783:Elysean
767:Euterpe
739:Euterpe
631:Germany
623:Ettrick
611:Elysian
607:Ettrick
564:Euralus
535:Euterpe
475:cockpit
450:geared
293:Everest
269:group,
149:airmail
115:Retired
86:History
72:(BOAC)
4078:CL-475
4022:RQ-170
3982:AQM-60
3941:CL-400
3890:Hudson
3735:CL-288
3720:XF-104
3626:Saturn
3621:L-2000
3568:CP-140
3532:WC-130
3527:MC-130
3522:LC-130
3517:KC-130
3505:EC-130
3500:HC-130
3495:DC-130
3490:AC-130
3485:C-130J
3459:EC-121
3439:L-1249
3434:L-1049
3320:5 Vega
3160:Siskin
3140:A.W.16
3114:A.W.52
3088:Sinaia
3083:A.W.29
3078:A.W.23
3073:A.W.19
3009:Apollo
3004:Ensign
2951:Sissit
2946:Sinaia
2941:Siskin
2926:Meteor
2921:Ensign
2876:Apollo
2801:A.W.59
2796:A.W.58
2791:A.W.57
2786:A.W.56
2781:A.W.55
2776:A.W.54
2771:A.W.53
2766:A.W.52
2761:A.W.51
2756:A.W.50
2751:A.W.49
2746:A.W.48
2741:A.W.45
2736:A.W.44
2731:A.W.43
2726:A.W.41
2721:A.W.40
2716:A.W.39
2711:A.W.38
2706:A.W.37
2701:A.W.36
2696:A.W.35
2691:A.W.34
2686:A.W.33
2681:A.W.32
2676:A.W.31
2671:A.W.30
2666:A.W.29
2661:A.W.28
2656:A.W.27
2651:A.W.26
2646:A.W.25
2641:A.W.24
2636:A.W.23
2631:A.W.22
2626:A.W.21
2621:A.W.20
2616:A.W.19
2611:A.W.18
2606:A.W.17
2601:A.W.16
2596:A.W.15
2591:A.W.14
2570:F.K.13
2565:F.K.12
2560:F.K.10
2419:
2402:
2383:
2368:Flight
2359:Flight
2346:
2327:
2308:
2290:
2271:
2252:
2206:Flight
1646:' and
1644:Ellora
1521:Range:
1343:
1286:G-AFZV
1232:G-ADTC
1213:G-ADTB
1191:G-ADTA
1172:G-ADSZ
1153:G-ADSY
1134:G-ADSX
1115:G-ADSW
1096:G-ADSV
1074:G-ADSU
1055:G-ADST
1040:Ellora
1029:G-ADSS
1025:Egeria
1010:G-ADSR
1006:Ensign
991:Notes
932:G-ADSW
922:Ensign
919:G-ADSR
903:G-AFZV
875:G-AFZU
855:G-ADSX
807:G-ADTA
780:G-ADSZ
764:G-ADSU
690:Gambia
527:Egeria
523:Ensign
464:petrol
440:rubber
347:Design
309:rudder
275:Hamble
232:Empire
205:Ensign
5422:27–32
5357:12–14
4307:Model
4246:Agena
4225:L-402
4164:X-26B
4159:X-24C
4144:XC-35
4124:L-301
4119:L-133
4083:XH-51
4062:T-50A
4027:SR-72
3864:YF-12
3827:YP-24
3822:XF-90
3817:XFM-2
3812:F-117
3787:A-4AR
3766:FB-22
3756:YF-22
3725:F-104
3673:XP-58
3668:XP-49
3594:C-141
3553:L-188
3537:L-100
3480:C-130
3464:XB-30
3454:C-121
3429:L-749
3424:L-649
3419:L-049
3233:Awana
3186:F.K.8
3181:F.K.3
2916:Awana
2911:Atlas
2896:Aries
2575:F.M.4
2555:F.K.9
2550:F.K.8
2545:F.K.7
2540:F.K.6
2535:F.K.5
2530:F.K.4
2525:F.K.3
2520:F.K.2
2515:F.K.1
2204:Moss
1609:Notes
1403:Crew:
1291:BOAC/
1266:BOAC
1250:Mk.II
988:Type
979:Name
866:Paris
705:Dakar
657:Accra
642:India
414:flaps
375:alloy
184:India
5347:7–10
5310:Vega
5301:2329
5296:2000
5291:1980
5286:1800
5281:1700
5276:1649
5271:1600
5266:1549
5261:1449
5256:1400
5251:1329
5246:1249
5241:1237
5236:1236
5231:1235
5226:1201
5221:1200
5216:1195
5211:1149
5206:1132
5201:1090
5196:1080
5191:1060
5179:1049
5174:1026
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