765:. However, she found no statistically significant differences on the other measures, although she stated that on those measures "ELAC performed at higher levels than Arrowsmith, often by a relatively large amount". Howard Eaton has stated that there were multiple problems with the design, sampling, and statistical analysis in Siegel's study, something which Siegel has also conceded. In 2013 Eaton co-authored a re-analysis of Siegel's data with professors William Lancee and Darren Irwin. Their conclusion was that the higher performance of the ELAC students in Siegel's study was not statistically significant.
649:
the program, although no quantifiable data is presented. He described her approach as "an important discovery" and one that had "major implications for education". However, as Doidge also acknowledged in the chapter, the
Arrowsmith Program has been controversial. Widespread doubt and criticism has emerged from several psychologists, neuroscientists and learning experts. This has centered on the lack of scientific evidence used by the program to demonstrate its efficacy and on its underlying rationale which its critics say represents an
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313:. The Toronto school gradually expanded, and in 1991 she and Cohen decided to open a second school in Brooklyn, New York and wind down the Toronto school. However, by 1994 the New York school had folded, and the marriage of Arrowsmith Young and Cohen had ended. She returned to Toronto and re-opened the school there, this time in a rented building on Yonge St.
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to
Barbara Arrowsmith Young and the Arrowsmith Program. In it he recounts Arrowsmith Young's own struggle to overcome her learning disabilities and how she developed the program. The chapter also includes several brief case histories of children and adults who Doidge says were significantly helped by
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announced that it would begin a pilot study involving 20 learning disabled students in their last two years of high school who would be offered the
Arrowsmith Program for two years beginning in 2013. If it proved successful, the program would be extended to thousands of children in Catholic schools,
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At the conclusion of the audit Dawson and D'Souza noted that evidence for the program's efficacy is documented via testimonials from some of the students and their parents and in several research reports, although none have been published in peer-reviewed academic journals. In the authors' opinion:
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In their 2015 audit of 15 remedial programs for specific learning difficulties for the New
Zealand organization SPELD, George Dawson and Stephanie D'Souza gave basic descriptions of the nineteen areas of cognitive processing which the Arrowsmith Program is intended to improve as well as descriptions
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Full-time day students, who form the core of the
Toronto school's student body, follow a curriculum which devotes two periods of the school day to mathematics and English, the only two academic subjects taught at the school. The remainder of their time (six periods per day) is taken up with carrying
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students. The data on which the evaluation was based were not provided in the announcement. The trial itself was strongly criticized by neuroscientists as misguiding. They contend the
Arrowsmith school's claims of being research-based are unfounded. Dr Burrows was further reported to have expressed
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Siegel's study compared the outcomes after eight months for children with learning disabilities at two
Vancouver elementary schools. In one school the children received the Arrowsmith Program. In the other, the children were enrolled in an Extended Learning Assistance Class (ELAC) which focused on
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of some of its remediation exercises. In their introduction Dawson and D'Souza stated that the
Arrowsmith Program is licensed on a for-profit payment basis with detailed descriptions of its exercises not publicly available and that their descriptions were based on Arrowsmith Young's own account in
277:, was founded by Arrowsmith Young in 1978 from exercises that she had begun devising for herself in 1977 and which she has stated enabled her to overcome her own severe learning difficulties. Her own struggle with learning disability and the rationale for her program are described in her 2012 book
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The
Arrowsmith programme claims to be founded on neuroscience research. This is true in the sense that Arrowsmith Young continually refers back to localisation of (dys)function as described by Luria when describing the development of her cognitive exercises. However, it is not the case that
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The remedial exercise involves memorizing increasingly more complicated song lyrics by listening to them as many times as it takes to be able to repeat them accurately. According to
Arrowsmith Young, this exercise targets the left hemisphere temporal lobe where a deficit manifests itself in an
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and her then-husband, Joshua Cohen founded the original Toronto school in 1980 to teach learning disabled children using the program and exercises that Arrowsmith Young had begun devising for herself in 1978 and which she claimed enabled her to overcome her own severe learning difficulties. The
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which was filmed at the Arrowsmith School in Toronto. A portion of Siegel's highly critical commentary was removed by the documentary's producers prior to broadcast after Arrowsmith Young's lawyers threatened the CBC with a lawsuit for libel. Siegel was also the author of a 2003 report to the
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The remedial exercise involves looking a narrative picture and then forming a reasonable hypothesis of what story is being depicted. According to Arrowsmith Young, this exercise targets a deficit located in the right prefrontal cortex which cause difficulty in interpreting the emotions of
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in Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand. Collectively more than 65 schools in these four countries use the program. According to the Arrowsmith School's official website, the program can be used by children and adults with learning disabilities such as
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According to the film's producer, two sentences from Siegel were removed: "I think the Arrowsmith Program is a fraud. I think they're taking money from people and not showing any improvement in any kind of any objective way." The remainder of her commentary was left
285:, which suggests that the brain is dynamic and constantly rewiring itself. The program has been incorporated into other public and private schools in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, but has drawn skepticism and criticism from several
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The remedial exercise involves reading analog clocks with multiple hands displayed on a computer. The exercise has fourteen different rules. According to Arrowsmith Young, this exercise targets problems at the juncture of the
469:. In 1977–1978 she developed a series of remedial exercises which she says helped her to overcome her own disabilities rather than merely compensate for them. According to Arrowsmith Young, she based the program on
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The remedial exercise involves tracing using pen and paper while the student's left eye is covered. According to Arrowsmith Young's description of the program, this is intended to stimulate the left hemisphere
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which opened in 2005. Both branches saw increasing numbers of students from outside Canada following Arrowsmith Young's 2012 speaking tour to New Zealand, Australia, and the United Kingdom to promote her book
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SPELD is a private non-profit organisation supporting children with specific learning disabilities in New Zealand. Dawson and D'Souza's audit was supervised by David Moreau (Research Fellow) and
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In their report, Dawson and D'Souza describe the remediation exercises for nine out of the nineteen areas as "vague", "not clear" or unspecified in Arrowsmith Young's book. These include:
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716:, the two-year school trial in Sydney had "outstanding results". The Arrowsmith Program was incorporated into the Sydney Catholic School system in 2015 and expanded to include both
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757:. According to Howard Eaton, the owner and Director of the Eaton Arrowsmith schools, Siegel's report had been influential in the VSB's decision to discontinue the pilot program.
2002:
309:, she used her middle name for the school in honor of her paternal grandmother (born Louie May Arrowsmith in 1883), who as a young girl had been one of the pioneer settlers of
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376:) enrolled in the full-time day program in 2009. It also runs part-time programs for both children and adults. The school's annual tuition fees for full-time day students is
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and has also authored evaluations of the Arrowsmith Program for the Toronto Catholic District School. Darren Irwin is a professor in the Department of Zoology at the
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556:, etc.. According to Arrowsmith Young, this exercise targets deficits located in the occiptital-temporal area which cause difficulty in learning to read and spell.
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329:. In October 2012, international students made up about a third of the student population of the Peterborough branch (seven from Australia, one student from the
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concern after directly inquiring with Barbara Arrowsmith for evidence and learning that neuroscientists were not involved with the Arrowsmith Program.
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According to Arrowsmith Young, this deficit involving the superior temporal lobe, reduces the capacity to distinguish words that rhyme, e.g.,
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areas on the left side of the brain which can produce a tendency to reverse the sequence of letters in a word and make it difficult to parse
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original school was housed in a rented building on Yorkville Ave. According to Arrowsmith Young's autobiographical account in her 2012 book,
98:
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reading and writing. Siegel found that the superior performance of the Arrowsmith children on the comprehension and spelling measures was
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753:(VSB) on the efficacy of The Arrowsmith program. At the time, VSB was running a three-year trial of the program, funded in part by the
438:
622:(present) neuroscience research actually supports the use of Arrowsmith's particular exercises to remediate learning disabilities.
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The deficit areas for which Dawson and D'Souza were able to provide basic descriptions of the Arrowsmith remedial exercises included:
356:, the Eaton Arrowsmith Academy, which opened in September 2014. Eaton is the owner and Director of all four Eaton Arrowsmith schools.
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and published in peer-reviewed academic journals. Both Castles and Coltheart have also criticised the Arrowsmith Program and other
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The remedial exercise involves remembering increasingly long strings of computer-presented letters from languages with a different
262:, Ontario. The Eaton Arrowsmith School, which is modelled on the Toronto school and founded by Howard Eaton, was opened in 2005 in
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which is modelled on the Arrowsmith School in Toronto. The Eaton Arrowsmith School subsequently established further branches in
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neighborhood of Toronto. Barbara Arrowsmith Young remains its director and owner as she does of a second, smaller branch in
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area of the parietal lobe which causes clumsiness (a tendency to bump into things) and may adversely affect handwriting.
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and his theories about the relationship between the neurodynamic processes in different functional systems of the brain.
254:(also referred to as "specific learning difficulties"). The original Arrowsmith School was founded in Toronto in 1980 by
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8000 for two years, over and above the normal school fees. Several Australian academics were critical of the move. Dr
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including those in younger grades. The cost to parents whose children had been selected for the pilot study would be
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of the brain, causes mispronunciation, restricted vocabulary, and difficulty in simultaneously speaking and thinking.
404:) refers to the Arrowsmith School's methodology which is also available under license to students in some public and
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Coinciding with Barbara Arrowsmith Young's speaking tour of Australia in 2012, the Catholic Education Office in
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2013:
1989:
1962:
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in Vancouver—have expressed concerns similar to those of Castles and Coltheart. Both appeared in the 2008 a
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2008:
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1524:"Brain-(not) Based Education: Dangers of Misunderstanding and Misapplication of Neuroscience Research"
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with two further branches established in Canada and one in the United States between 2009 and 2014.
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org/arrowsmithschool-toronto/ cognitive-programs.html The Arrowsmith School Full Time Day Program
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The school eventually moved to its present location, a converted house on St. Clair Avenue in the
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1978:
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803:
750:
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and thus improve tracking while reading and improve the ability to use "binocular vision cues".
286:
77:
1205:
969:
The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science
892:
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1932:
1571:
1275:
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1019:
964:
713:
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321:
259:
251:
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The program was founded by Barbara Arrowsmith Young while she was a graduate student at the
281:. According to Arrowsmith Young, her methodology is based on research into the principle of
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774:
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682:
401:
330:
317:
8:
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142:
1598:"A Comprehensive Examination of the Arrowsmith Program at One Private School in Atlanta"
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988:
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341:
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202:
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802:(Associate Professor) at the Centre for Brain Research and School of Psychology,
706:
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478:
474:
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405:
377:
290:
282:
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1691:
1659:
1186:"Behavioural Interventions to Remediate Learning Disorders: A Technical Report"
717:
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685:
pointed out that the "evidence" supporting the program's claims of success was
512:
466:
231:
138:
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960:
729:
694:
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639:
631:
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100:
449:, but it was coupled with several severe deficits in other areas, including
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1477:
993:
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causes a short attention span and reduces capacity for "mental initiative".
538:
inability to remember accurately conversations, lectures, and instructions.
528:
501:
1628:
1716:
1507:
545:
454:
414:
369:
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out the cognitive remediation exercises known as the Arrowsmith Program.
243:
39:
1706:
1701:
1290:"Can Barbara Arrowsmith-Young's cognitive exercises change your brain?"
418:
145:
1352:"Brain "Workout" Program Scores Dramatic Results in Sydney CEO Trials"
825:
Quoted in Eaton, Howard (2013). "Siegel's Study: Points For Comment".
702:
337:
388:
1711:
1621:
450:
410:
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in 2012. Eaton then established a branch in the United States at
239:
235:
71:
61:
213:
1686:
1590:
1583:
1070:
657:
553:
524:
83:
3098:
List of secondary schools in the Toronto District School Board
1572:"Is Working Memory Training Effective? A Meta-Analytic Review"
3103:
List of schools in the Toronto Catholic District School Board
1567:(reprinted with permission on SocietyForQualityEducation.org)
1546:"Weird neuroscience: how education hijacked brain research"
834:
William Lancee is head of psychiatry research at Toronto's
549:
336:
In 2005 Howard Eaton opened the Eaton Arrowsmith School in
598:
According to Arrowsmith Young, this deficit involving the
863:"What are Specific Learning Difficulties: About Dyslexia"
662:
608:
According to Arrowsmith Young, this deficit involves the
1593:" . As published in the SPELD NSW Newsletter, March 2014
938:"Can a controversial learning program transform brains?"
897:. pp. 7, 16, 139, 161–162, 187–188. Simon and Schuster.
1535:"'Brain-training'... or learning as we like to call it"
1184:
Dawson, George and D'Souza, Stephanie (23 March 2015).
626:
1522:
Alferink, Larry A. and Farmer-Dougan, Valeri (2010).
1308:"'Brain-training'...or learning as we like to call it"
1456:"Oregon Charter School Considers 'Arrowsmith Program'
1306:
Castles, Anne and McArthur, Genevieve (April 2013).
1047:"New take on learning disabilities: change the brain"
918:
Participating Schools: Arrowsmith School Peterborough
392:
The main section of the Arrowsmith School in Toronto.
1533:
McArthur, Genevieve and Castles, Anne (April 2013).
574:
According to Arrowsmith Young, this deficit located
1805:
1445:. EatonArrowsmithSchool.com. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
1206:"Advances in Neuroscience and Reading Disabilities"
3133:| * - Non-operational | †- Demolished or sold off
2770:
1788:
712:According to a January 2015 announcement from the
1570:Melby-LervĂĄg, M. and, Hulme, C. (February 2013).
912:
910:
3142:
3108:List of schools of the Conseil scolaire Viamonde
653:and misapplication of neuroscientific concepts.
425:, but it is not suitable for people who have an
1371:. The Sydney Morning Herald. 15 December 2012.
1008:"Global reach at school for learning disabled"
907:
865:. British Dyslexia Association. Archived from
359:
258:. A second location was opened in May 2005 in
1774:
1644:
642:devoted one of the chapters in his 2008 book
3166:Educational institutions established in 1980
1604:. Department of educational policy studies,
1578:, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 270–291 from the
1204:Clark, Elaine and Pompa, Janiece L. (2011).
965:Chapter 2: "Building Herself a Better Brain"
1658:
1258:"Experts question effectiveness of program"
1781:
1767:
1651:
1637:
744:documentary about the Arrowsmith program.
439:Ontario Institute for Studies in Education
432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1406:
1404:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1111:Arrowsmith Program: Participating schools
932:
930:
928:
926:
1473:"One school's belief in a fixable brain"
1312:Learning Difficulties Australia Bulletin
1212:, pp. 183–184. Oxford University Press.
1210:The Oxford Handbook of School Psychology
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
956:
954:
952:
387:
1314:, Vol. 45, No 1. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
1227:
1225:
673:in Melbourne, and cognitive scientists
273:The school's methodology, known as the
159:Strengthen Your Brain. Be At Your Best.
14:
3143:
1465:
1423:
1401:
923:
535:Memory for information or instructions
3083:
2840:
2769:
1804:
1762:
1632:
1412:"Education expert calling her lawyer"
1153:
949:
887:
885:
883:
705:as based on an oversimplification of
383:
1436:"Siegel's Study: Points For Comment"
1381:Wickelgren, Ingrid (May/June 2013).
1222:
709:and other neuroscientific concepts.
627:Skepticism, evaluation and criticism
2841:
1557:Doidge, Norman (28 February 2001).
1544:Coltheart, Max (10 December 2012).
1471:Gordon, Andrea (25 February 2009).
1365:"Proof hurdle for 'brain training'"
1233:"Proof hurdle for 'brain training'"
1039:
689:rather than based on studies using
333:, and one from the United States).
24:
1516:
1269:Tarica, Elisabeth (18 June 2012).
987:George, Lianne (7 November 2008).
891:Arrowsmith Young, Barbara (2012).
880:
441:. As a child she had exceptional
25:
3182:
3084:
1613:
1383:"Calisthenics for a Child's Mind"
1006:McCormick, Rob (9 October 2012).
936:Barmak, Sarah (25 January 2013).
27:Private school in Toronto, Canada
1740:
1739:
1454:Manning, Rob (15 January 2014).
1410:Hill, M. F. (29 December 2008).
1045:Shen, Molly (25 November 2014).
582:Auditory speech discrimination
38:
1806:English-language public schools
1539:Learning Difficulties Australia
1497:
1484:
1448:
1375:
1357:
1341:
1317:
1300:
1282:
1263:
1245:
1198:
1129:
1116:
1103:
1090:
1084:"Tuition & Assessment Fees"
1076:
1063:
894:The Woman Who Changed Her Brain
828:
819:
809:
792:
487:The Woman Who Changed Her Brain
368:The school had 75 students (in
327:The Woman Who Changed Her Brain
307:The Woman Who Changed Her Brain
279:The Woman Who Changed Her Brain
2771:French-language public schools
1504:University of British Columbia
1296:. Good Weekend. 21 April 2017.
1271:"Brain program heads this way"
1135:Brooking, Keren (March 2010).
1026:
1000:
981:
855:
840:University of British Columbia
738:University of British Columbia
560:Artifactual thinking (R-Think)
150:specific learning disabilities
13:
1:
3171:1980 establishments in Canada
2572:Bishop Marrocco/Thomas Merton
1323:Coltheart, Max (March 2014).
1124:Background: Suitable students
849:
645:The Brain That Changes Itself
572:Broca's speech pronunciation
429:or an acquired brain injury.
2552:Toronto Catholic District SB
7:
1231:Han, Esther (15 May 2012).
1032:EatonArrowsmithSchool.com.
768:
732:and cognitive psychologist
360:Curriculum and tuition fees
10:
3187:
3151:Private schools in Toronto
3057:Tanenbaum Community Hebrew
1460:Oregon Public Broadcasting
728:In Canada, neuroscientist
669:, a neuroscientist at the
421:who have at least average
296:
3156:Special schools in Canada
3120:
3090:
3079:
2984:
2847:
2836:
2814:Monseigneur-de-Charbonnel
2804:
2776:
2765:
2550:
1811:
1800:
1735:
1722:Posit Science Corporation
1667:
1530:, Vol. 18, pp. 42–52
763:statistically significant
691:randomized control trials
497:Motor symbol sequencing
311:Creston, British Columbia
208:
198:
188:
178:
163:
155:
134:
129:
90:
57:245 St. Clair Avenue West
55:
51:
46:
37:
32:
2728:St. Joseph's Morrow Park
2665:Michael Power/St. Joseph
1606:Georgia State University
1576:Developmental Psychology
1510:. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
1494:. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
1481:. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
1462:. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
1420:. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
1395:Scientific American Mind
1354:. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
1338:. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
1279:. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
1260:. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
1150:. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
1137:"Outside the mainstream"
1126:. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
1113:. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
1100:. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
1073:. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
1060:. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
1036:. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
1023:. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
997:. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
946:. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
920:. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
785:
606:Kinaesthetic perception
427:autism spectrum disorder
302:Barbara Arrowsmith Young
256:Barbara Arrowsmith Young
3161:Brain training programs
3037:North Toronto Christian
2806:CS catholique MonAvenir
2677:Monsignor Percy Johnson
2635:James Cardinal McGuigan
1682:Brain Gym International
780:Brain training programs
433:History and methodology
287:cognitive psychologists
3131:adult secondary school
2819:Père-Philippe-Lamarche
2492:William Lyon Mackenzie
1951:David and Mary Thomson
1506:, Zoology Department.
1490:Arrowsmithschool.org.
1434:Eaton, Howard (2013).
1388:June 14, 2015, at the
1242:Retrieved 9 June 2015.
1122:ArrowsmithSchool.org.
1109:ArrowsmithSchool.org.
1096:ArrowsmithSchool.org.
1069:Arrowsmithschool.org.
916:ArrowsmithSchool.org.
804:University of Auckland
751:Vancouver School Board
624:
467:kinesthetic perception
393:
2713:St. John Henry Newman
2343:Sir John A. Macdonald
1727:Brain Power (program)
1348:Archdiocese of Sydney
1276:Sydney Morning Herald
1253:Sydney Morning Herald
1238:Sydney Morning Herald
1020:Peterborough Examiner
714:Archdiocese of Sydney
619:
391:
322:Peterborough, Ontario
252:learning disabilities
3067:Whitefield Christian
2354:Sir Robert L. Borden
2229:Native Learning East
1336:SPELD NSW Newsletter
836:Mount Sinai Hospital
775:Conductive education
755:Vancouver Foundation
683:Macquarie University
548:from English, e.g.,
457:, and problems with
402:registered trademark
331:United Arab Emirates
3062:Tiferes Bais Yaakov
2791:Le Collège français
2738:St. Michael's Choir
2703:St. Basil-the-Great
2625:Father John Redmond
2582:Brother Edmund Rice
2361:Sir Wilfrid Laurier
1813:Toronto District SB
1790:Secondary education
736:—both based at the
477:and on the work of
354:Redmond, Washington
114:43.6856°N 79.4056°W
110: /
3127:Alternative school
3042:Royal St. George's
3007:Crawford Adventist
2305:Scarborough Centre
1580:University of Oslo
1441:2014-12-03 at the
1330:2018-04-06 at the
1191:2015-06-14 at the
1142:2015-06-13 at the
1052:2014-11-28 at the
1013:2015-06-06 at the
943:The Globe and Mail
697:programs such the
651:oversimplification
542:Symbol recognition
398:Arrowsmith Program
394:
384:Arrowsmith Program
275:Arrowsmith Program
242:, for children in
148:for children with
18:Arrowsmith Program
3138:
3137:
3116:
3115:
3075:
3074:
2832:
2831:
2824:Saint-Frère-André
2761:
2760:
2743:St. Mother Teresa
2630:Francis Libermann
2619:Father Henry Carr
2609:Father Henry Carr
2497:Winston Churchill
2393:Subway Academy II
2367:Sir William Osler
2250:Northview Heights
2164:Lester B. Pearson
1973:Dr Norman Bethune
1922:Central Technical
1916:Central Etobicoke
1753:
1752:
1672:Arrowsmith School
1608:. May 15th, 2015.
600:prefrontal cortex
596:Symbolic thinking
459:spatial reasoning
228:Arrowsmith School
224:
223:
119:43.6856; -79.4056
33:Arrowsmith School
16:(Redirected from
3178:
3081:
3080:
2838:
2837:
2767:
2766:
2748:St. Oscar Romero
2718:St. John Paul II
2698:Senator O'Connor
2671:Monsignor Fraser
2655:Marshall McLuhan
2386:Subway Academy I
2348:Sir Oliver Mowat
2311:Scarlett Heights
2294:Rosedale Heights
2210:Nelson A. Boylen
2170:Lewis S. Beattie
1802:
1801:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1743:
1742:
1653:
1646:
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1630:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1622:Official website
1609:
1589:Coltheart, Max "
1559:"Brain Building"
1551:The Conversation
1511:
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1495:
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1229:
1220:
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1196:
1182:
1151:
1148:Education Review
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1120:
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1080:
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832:
826:
823:
817:
813:
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796:
722:secondary school
695:"brain training"
671:Florey Institute
508:Symbol relations
342:British Columbia
268:British Columbia
220:
217:
215:
174:
172:
125:
124:
122:
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42:
30:
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21:
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3141:
3140:
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3112:
3086:
3071:
3032:Netivot HaTorah
3027:Mariyah Islamic
2997:Bishop Strachan
2980:
2855:A.R.S. Armenian
2843:
2842:Private schools
2828:
2800:
2772:
2757:
2708:St. Joan of Arc
2598:Dante Alighieri
2588:Cardinal Carter
2546:
2533:(Humber Blvd.)*
2427:Ursula Franklin
2380:Stephen Leacock
2222:Native Learning
2053:George S. Henry
1927:Central Toronto
1864:Birchmount Park
1831:Albert Campbell
1807:
1796:
1787:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1731:
1663:
1657:
1620:
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1616:
1596:
1548:retrieved from
1541:, Vol. 45, No 1
1519:
1517:Further reading
1514:
1502:
1498:
1489:
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1470:
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1453:
1449:
1443:Wayback Machine
1433:
1424:
1409:
1402:
1390:Wayback Machine
1380:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1350:(12 Jan 2015).
1346:
1342:
1332:Wayback Machine
1322:
1318:
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1301:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1268:
1264:
1256:(11 May 2012).
1250:
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1195:. Speld.org.nz.
1193:Wayback Machine
1183:
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1144:Wayback Machine
1134:
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746:Fixing My Brain
707:neuroplasticity
629:
479:Alexander Luria
475:neuroplasticity
471:Mark Rosenzweig
447:auditory memory
435:
406:private schools
386:
362:
299:
291:neuroscientists
283:neuroplasticity
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2949:Toronto French
2946:
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2934:Lycée Français
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2895:
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2888:Branksome Hall
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1660:Brain training
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1614:External links
1612:
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1602:Hawkins, Ronda
1594:
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1528:Exceptionality
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699:Dore Programme
628:
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579:
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521:temporal lobes
505:
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232:private school
222:
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3085:Miscellaneous
3082:
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3060:
3058:
3055:
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3052:St. Michael's
3050:
3048:
3047:St. Clement's
3045:
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2848:Non-religious
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2786:Étienne-Brûlé
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2438:Victoria Park
2436:
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2420:Timothy Eaton
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2240:North Toronto
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2154:Lawrence Park
2152:
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2059:
2056:
2054:
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2048:George Harvey
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2015:
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1891:Burnhamthorpe
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1875:Bickford Park
1872:
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1821:A. Y. Jackson
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1677:Brain Balance
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1564:National Post
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1417:Vancouver Sun
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1294:Amanda Hooton
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183:Shelley Woon
3012:De La Salle
2778:CS Viamonde
2753:St. Patrick
2682:Neil McNeil
2459:West Humber
2414:Thistletown
2338:Silverthorn
2216:Newtonbrook
2194:Martingrove
2140:New Toronto
2088:Humbergrove
2076:Heydon Park
2036:Forest Hill
1717:NeuroNation
1398:, pp. 39–45
971:. Penguin.
546:orthography
473:'s work on
455:dyscalculia
415:dyscalculia
318:Forest Hill
216:.arrowsmith
135:School type
130:Information
117: /
92:Coordinates
3145:Categories
3002:Bnei Akiva
2970:WillowWood
2865:Arrowsmith
2687:Notre Dame
2621:(Kipling)â€
2542:York Mills
2407:Tabor Park
2374:South East
2279:R. H. King
2131:L'Amoreaux
2082:Humberside
2023:Royal York
1905:(Parkview)
1707:LearningRx
1702:Fit Brains
1591:Neuromyths
1492:Admissions
1369:Esther Han
1218:0195369807
1098:Trademarks
873:2014-04-22
850:References
419:dysgraphia
350:White Rock
146:day school
105:79°24′20″W
102:43°41′08″N
2985:Religious
2914:Greenwood
2903:Crestwood
2660:Mary Ward
2603:Don Bosco
2593:Chaminade
2561:A.P.P.L.E
2465:West Park
2454:West Hill
2299:Runnymede
2289:Riverdale
2183:Maplewood
2136:Lakeshore
2119:Kingsmill
2096:Inglenook
2064:Greenwood
2042:Frank Oke
2014:Etobicoke
1990:East York
1985:Earl Haig
1968:Downsview
1963:Don Mills
1910:Cedarbrae
1836:Alderwood
1826:Agincourt
1058:KOMO News
994:Maclean's
703:Brain Gym
687:anecdotal
513:occipital
338:Vancouver
264:Vancouver
179:Principal
3022:Hawthorn
3017:Havergal
2898:Crescent
2893:Brighton
2733:St. Mary
2525:(Emmett)
2515:Yorkdale
2503:West End
2482:Westview
2284:Richview
2273:Parkview
2267:Parkdale
2245:Northern
2147:Lakeview
2003:Eastdale
1946:Danforth
1883:Brockton
1843:Avondale
1745:Category
1712:Lumosity
1662:programs
1439:Archived
1386:Archived
1328:Archived
1189:Archived
1140:Archived
1050:Archived
1034:About us
1011:Archived
963:(2008).
769:See also
517:parietal
451:dyslexia
411:dyslexia
380:30,000.
370:Grades 1
346:Victoria
244:Grades 1
199:Language
3123:Italics
2860:Abelard
2650:Madonna
2640:Loretto
2577:Brebeuf
2487:Wexford
2472:Western
2255:Oakwood
2199:Midland
2177:Malvern
2159:Leaside
2126:Kipling
2070:Harbord
1940:Contact
1857:Bendale
1794:Toronto
816:intact.
718:primary
563:others.
297:History
240:Ontario
236:Toronto
209:Website
203:English
169: (
164:Founded
139:Private
78:M4V 1R3
72:Ontario
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62:Toronto
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1957:Delphi
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554:Arabic
525:syntax
519:, and
465:, and
443:visual
214:school
194:1 – 12
190:Grades
84:Canada
3091:Lists
2876:Beach
2261:Oasis
2030:EYRAC
2009:Emery
1996:EYASS
1869:Bloor
1850:ASE 1
786:Notes
463:logic
250:with
230:is a
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