340:
38:
442:. Nevertheless, once Antony left Armenia to invade Atropatene, Artavasdes II "despairing of the Roman cause" abandoned Antony. Although Artavasdes II gave refuge and supplied the defeated Romans, in 34 BC Antony planned a new invasion of Armenia to take revenge for the betrayal. First he sent his friend
450:
to a daughter of
Artavasdes II, but the Armenian king hesitated. Now the triumvir marched into Roman western Armenia. He summoned Artavasdes II to Nicopolis, allegedly to prepare a new war against Parthia. Artavasdes II didn't come, so the Roman general quickly marched to the Armenian capital
331:
to avoid the desert and offered him reinforcements of a further 10,000 cavalry and 30,000 infantry. His reasoning was that the
Parthian cavalry would be less potent in the Armenian highlands. Crassus refused the offer and decided to take the direct route through
400:
announced the news of the victory at
Carrhae, and put the head of Crassus at Orodes II's feet. The head was given to the producer of the play, who decided to use Crassus' actual severed head in place of the
438:, of the allied kings Artavasdes was "the greatest of them all who furnished six thousand horse and seven thousand foot" to Antony. Artavasdes II also persuaded Antony to attack his enemy
1791:
1292:
1104:
1846:
378:) invaded Armenia, cutting off support from Artavasdes II. Orodes II persuaded Artavasdes II to a marriage alliance between the crown prince
1410:
2187:
2197:
339:
2202:
2172:
1495:
409:. Artavasdes and Orodes were then audience to a recital of Greek compositions, both kings being accomplished in Greek literature.
327:, had been preparing to invade the Parthian realm. Artavasdes II, who was an ally of Rome, advised Crassus to take a route through
382:(d. 38 BC) and Artavasdes II's sister. Crassus was shortly defeated and killed by the forces led by Orodes II's general
499:
and was an accomplished scholar who composed Greek tragedies and histories. From a wife whose name is unknown, he had two sons:
396:(c. 480–406 BC) at the Armenian court in honor of the wedding of Pacorus and Artavasdes II's sister, the Parthian commander
1623:
1395:
1353:
1183:
1161:
1142:
1036:
2192:
470:
VII of Egypt awaited the triumvir on a golden throne, but
Artavasdes II refused to render homage to the Egyptian Queen by
459:
was elected as successor. After a lost battle
Artaxias II fled to the Parthian king. Finally Antony took Artavasdes II to
455:. He arrested the king, hoping with his hostage's assistance to obtain great treasures in the Armenian castles. His son
1281:
1078:
466:
The
Armenian king and his family, who were bound with golden chains, had to follow Antony in his triumphal procession.
1178:, Ann Arbor: Cushing Malloy Inc., Journal of Roman Archaeology: Supplementary Series Number Eighteen, pp. 67–90,
1974:
1319:
1216:
1059:
1017:
1962:
486:
439:
434:. He allied himself with several kings of the region, including Artavasdes, who again switched sides. According to
533:, while the people of Armenia await his return. In the legend, Artavasdes is partially conflated with his brother
2106:
830:
2068:
1915:
1512:
328:
195:
898:
The
Augustan Succession: An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio’s Roman History, Books 55-56 (9 B.C.-A.D. 14)
1648:
489:, an ally of Antony and Cleopatra. She sent his head to Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene to secure his help.
2004:
1986:
1488:
554:
2053:
1992:
1968:
1935:
1333:
519:
The memory of
Artavasdes' imprisonment in Egypt was preserved in an Armenian popular legend conveyed by
2207:
2124:
2073:
2058:
2048:
2016:
1956:
1713:
1311:
1009:
846:
2182:
2129:
2038:
1504:
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1980:
1796:
1736:
431:
221:
2088:
2043:
1998:
1771:
1584:
1481:
1204:
Sophene, Gordyene, and
Adiabene: Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West
508:
313:
241:
2083:
2010:
1741:
1721:
1703:
1698:
1688:
1678:
1455:
555:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Plutarch's Lives, Vol III. by Aubrey Stewart & George Long"
178:
52:
1174:(1996), "Parthia and Rome: eastern perspectives", in Kennedy, David L.; Braund, David (eds.),
2177:
1836:
1801:
1786:
1658:
1345:
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1049:
641:
1900:
1831:
1766:
1673:
534:
8:
1925:
1905:
1890:
1756:
1746:
1731:
523:, in which Artavasdes is cursed by his father and imprisoned by the spirits known as the
402:
214:
148:
1910:
1885:
1880:
1751:
1594:
1448:
1257:
1005:
The
Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods
203:
138:
70:
1307:
Arsacids and Sasanians: Political Ideology in Post-Hellenistic and Late Antique Persia
2139:
2098:
2020:
1895:
1683:
1556:
1391:
1363:
Strugnell, Emma (2006), "Ventidius' Parthian War: Rome's Forgotten Eastern Triumph",
1349:
1315:
1277:
1261:
1249:
1212:
1179:
1157:
1138:
1074:
1055:
1032:
1013:
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356:
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213:), who ascended the throne of a still powerful and independent state. His mother was
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128:
1329:
2116:
1523:
1202:
1003:
999:
443:
344:
1816:
998:
Bivar, A. D. H. (1983). "The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids". In
973:
317:
270:
158:
2166:
1653:
1376:
1341:
1253:
496:
259:, presumably meaning "powerful/persevering through truth". It is attested in
225:
100:
28:
1668:
1609:
1071:
A History of Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism under Macedonian and Roman Rule
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504:
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116:
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43:
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The death of Pacorus I in 38 BC and succession of Orodes II's other son
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described Artavasdes II as a well-educated man, who had a great
37:
1781:
383:
364:
360:
386:. While Orodes II and Artavasdes II were observing a play of
348:
292:
286:
280:
274:
237:
224:. Like his father, Artavasdes continued using the title of
245:
603:
601:
1069:
Boyce, Mary; Grenet, Frantz (1991). Beck, Roger (ed.).
446:, who offered a betrothal of Antony's six-year-old son
932:
785:
723:
586:
598:
423:) damaged the relations between Parthia and Armenia.
217:, thus making his maternal grandfather the prominent
1137:, Oxford & Carlton: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.,
671:
1051:
Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices
699:
1227:
1089:
711:
524:
264:
1156:, New Haven & London: Yale University Press,
2164:
1338:The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times
1154:The Persians: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Iran
1091:"Religious iconography on ancient Iranian coins"
1489:
485:. He had been an enemy of his namesake, King
254:
1068:
507:, and a daughter who possibly married King
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1482:
1132:
657:
36:
1362:
1151:
1123:
623:
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1303:
938:
791:
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338:
1297:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 6
1290:
1268:
1200:
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1102:
1026:
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689:
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477:In 31 BC, after Antony's defeat at the
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665:
1503:
1477:
1044:
997:
705:
693:
653:
636:
634:
632:
619:
577:
198:from 55 BC to 34 BC. A member of the
1382:
1336:. In Hovannisian, Richard G. (ed.).
1191:
1054:. Psychology Press. pp. 1–252.
1031:, London & New York: Routledge,
717:
1390:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
13:
629:
202:, he was the son and successor of
14:
2219:
1404:
2198:People executed by ancient Egypt
953:
911:Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire
487:Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene
2203:People executed by decapitation
2188:People of Antony's Parthian War
2173:1st-century BC kings of Armenia
1194:Armenia: Cradle of Civilization
1133:Garthwaite, Gene Ralph (2005),
1088:Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh (2007).
991:
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683:
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571:
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323:, who had become proconsul of
1:
1192:Lang, David Marshall (2021).
1029:The Persians: An Introduction
540:
497:fondness for all things Greek
306:
1411:Tetradrachm of Artavasdes II
1276:. Harvard University Press.
1105:"Arsacid Dynastic Marriages"
300:
293:
287:
281:
275:
265:
246:
186:
7:
2193:People of the War of Actium
1304:Shayegan, M. Rahim (2011).
481:, Cleopatra had Artavasdes
426:In 36 BC the Roman general
255:
10:
2224:
1334:"The Emergence of Armenia"
1312:Cambridge University Press
1226:Lee E., Patterson (2015).
1176:The Roman Army in the East
1010:Cambridge University Press
351:with Artaxiad coat of arms
228:, as seen from his coins.
182:
46:with bust of Artavasdes II
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2115:
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1939:1080–1198 (principality)
1934:
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1274:Zoroastrianism in Armenia
1096:Journal of Late Antiquity
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58:
51:
35:
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21:
1377:10.1556/AAnt.46.2006.3.3
1201:Marciak, Michał (2017).
1152:Katouzian, Homa (2009),
1103:Dąbrowa, Edward (2018).
440:Artavasdes of Atropatene
347:, showing him wearing a
236:Artavasdes' name is the
1027:Brosius, Maria (2006),
660:, p. 79; see also
525:
509:Archelaus of Cappadocia
314:Marcus Licinius Crassus
231:
580:The kingdom of Armenia
352:
222:Mithridates VI Eupator
1246:10.1353/apa.2015.0006
664:, pp. 94–95 and
367:), the Parthian king
342:
2013:(prince, later king)
1388:The Roman Revolution
1291:Schmitt, R. (1986).
1229:"Antony and Armenia"
829:Tacitus, The Annals
535:Tigranes the Younger
376: 57–37 BC
211: 95–55 BC
1941:1198–1375 (kingdom)
1916:Hovhannes-Smbat III
421: 37–2 BC
250:, identical to the
215:Cleopatra of Pontus
149:Cleopatra of Pontus
1797:Tiridates III (IV)
1348:. pp. 37–60.
1346:St. Martin's Press
1314:. pp. 1–539.
1098:. London: 413–434.
1012:. pp. 21–99.
853:2.82.4; Plutarch,
656:, pp. 55–56;
622:, pp. 49–50;
357:marched to Carrhae
353:
240:attestation of an
204:Tigranes the Great
139:Tigranes the Great
71:Tigranes the Great
2208:Executed monarchs
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
1865:
1864:
1505:Armenian monarchs
1472:
1471:
1463:Succeeded by
1397:978-0-19-280320-7
1355:978-0-312-10169-5
1270:Russell, James R.
1185:978-1-887829-18-2
1163:978-0-300-12118-6
1144:978-1-55786-860-2
1073:. Leiden: Brill.
1038:978-0-415-32089-4
874:, book 11, p. 532
820:49.39.3 - 49.40.1
559:www.gutenberg.org
521:Movses Khorenatsi
432:Parthian campaign
355:As Crassus' army
190:), also known as
164:
163:
2215:
2183:Artaxiad dynasty
1945:
1944:
1777:Hormizd-Ardashir
1752:Aurelius Pacorus
1520:
1519:
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1340:. Vol. I.
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1299:. p. 653.
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682:
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624:Katouzian 2009
612:
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582:. p. 242.
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1808:
1805:
1803:
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1788:
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1778:
1775:
1773:
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1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:Parthamasiris
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
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1697:
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1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Artavasdes IV
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Artavades III
1622:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:Artavasdes II
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
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1545:
1543:
1540:
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1535:
1533:
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1527:
1525:
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1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1499:
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1487:
1485:
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1476:
1467:
1458:
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1432:
1427:
1426:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1351:
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1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1321:9780521766418
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1275:
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1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
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1239:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1218:9789004350724
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1155:
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1140:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1117:
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1101:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1061:9780415239028
1057:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1019:0-521-20092-X
1015:
1011:
1008:. Cambridge:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
995:
987:
986:
981:
978:
976:
975:
970:
967:
965:
964:Roman History
961:
958:
957:
954:Ancient works
941:, p. 61.
940:
939:Garsoïan 1997
935:
928:
927:Roman History
924:
919:
912:
906:
899:
893:
886:
880:
873:
869:
868:Roman History
866:Cassius Dio,
863:
856:
852:
851:Roman History
848:
844:
843:Roman History
841:Cassius Dio,
838:
832:
826:
819:
818:Roman History
816:Cassius Dio,
813:
806:
805:Roman History
803:Cassius Dio,
800:
794:, p. 60.
793:
792:Garsoïan 1997
788:
781:
780:Roman History
777:
773:
767:
760:
759:Roman History
756:
751:
744:
738:
731:
726:
720:, p. 40.
719:
714:
708:, p. 56.
707:
702:
695:
691:
686:
680:, p. 78.
679:
674:
667:
663:
659:
655:
650:
643:
637:
635:
633:
625:
621:
616:
609:
604:
602:
594:
593:Shayegan 2011
589:
581:
574:
560:
556:
550:
546:
538:
536:
532:
527:
522:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
454:
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429:
424:
415:
410:
408:
404:
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395:
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385:
381:
370:
366:
362:
358:
350:
346:
341:
337:
335:
330:
326:
322:
319:
316:, one of the
315:
298:
295:
289:
283:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
253:
248:
243:
239:
229:
227:
226:King of Kings
223:
220:
216:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
180:
179:Ancient Greek
172:
168:
167:Artavasdes II
160:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
109:
105:
102:
98:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
45:
39:
34:
31:
30:
29:King of Kings
25:
22:Artavasdes II
20:
16:King of Kings
2178:31 BC deaths
1772:Tiridates II
1762:Vologases II
1669:Artaxias III
1649:Ariobarzanes
1642:Non-dynastic
1610:Tigranes III
1599:
1585:Artavasdes I
1454:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1387:
1384:Syme, Ronald
1368:
1365:Acta Antiqua
1364:
1337:
1306:
1296:
1293:"Artavasdes"
1273:
1237:
1233:
1203:
1196:. Routledge.
1193:
1175:
1153:
1135:The Persians
1134:
1115:
1111:
1095:
1070:
1050:
1028:
1004:
992:Modern works
983:
972:
963:
949:Bibliography
934:
926:
918:
910:
905:
897:
892:
884:
879:
871:
867:
862:
854:
850:
842:
837:
825:
817:
812:
804:
799:
787:
779:
771:
766:
758:
750:
742:
737:
730:Russell 1987
725:
713:
701:
696:, p. 56
690:Dąbrowa 2018
685:
678:Kennedy 1996
673:
662:Brosius 2006
649:
642:vol III. XIX
615:
608:Schmitt 1986
588:
579:
573:
562:. Retrieved
558:
549:
531:Mount Ararat
518:
505:Tigranes III
491:
476:
465:
430:started his
425:
411:
387:
354:
310: 54 BC
304:
235:
191:
166:
165:
117:Tigranes III
27:
1857:Artaxias IV
1802:Khosrov III
1742:Vologases I
1722:Tiridates I
1704:Tigranes VI
1699:Tiridates I
1694:Rhadamistus
1689:Mithridates
1679:Mithridates
1629:Tigranes IV
1615:Tigranes IV
1605:Artaxias II
1595:Tigranes II
1537:Orontes III
1466:Artaxias II
1449:Tigranes II
1046:Boyce, Mary
960:Cassius Dio
923:Cassius Dio
845:49.40.3-4;
776:Cassius Dio
755:Cassius Dio
666:Curtis 2007
578:M. Chahin.
501:Artaxias II
483:decapitated
472:proskynesis
457:Artaxias II
428:Mark Antony
414:Phraates IV
389:The Bacchae
334:Mesopotamia
276:Artaouásdēs
242:Old Iranian
192:Artavazd II
187:Artaouásdēs
183:Ἀρταουάσδης
113:Artaxias II
81:Artaxias II
67:Predecessor
44:tetradrachm
2167:Categories
2011:Leo II (I)
2005:Roupen III
1842:Vramshapuh
1837:Khosrov IV
1827:Arshak III
1787:Khosrov II
1659:Tigranes V
1590:Tigranes I
1580:Artaxias I
1562:Orontes IV
1552:Arsames II
1532:Orontes II
1516:336 BC–428
1240:: 77–105.
883:Plutarch,
770:Plutarch,
741:Plutarch,
706:Bivar 1983
694:Bivar 1983
654:Bivar 1983
640:Plutarch,
620:Bivar 1983
564:2022-12-11
541:References
461:Alexandria
403:stage-prop
247:Ṛtavazdah-
175:Artavazd B
97:Alexandria
2074:Hethum II
2059:Hethum II
2049:Hethum II
2031:Hethumids
1993:Roupen II
1987:Thoros II
1901:Ashot III
1871:Bagratids
1847:Khosrov V
1812:Arshak II
1767:Khosrov I
1572:Artaxiads
1513:Antiquity
1262:162878359
1254:1533-0699
1118:: 73–83.
872:Geography
718:Lang 2021
468:Cleopatra
394:Euripides
380:Pacorus I
369:Orodes II
321:triumvirs
301:Biography
288:Artábazos
282:Artabázēs
256:Ašavazdah
77:Successor
2140:Lusignan
2099:Lusignan
2064:Smbat IV
2039:Hethum I
2017:Isabella
2007:(prince)
2001:(prince)
1995:(prince)
1989:(prince)
1983:(prince)
1977:(prince)
1971:(prince)
1969:Thoros I
1965:(prince)
1959:(prince)
1957:Roupen I
1949:Rubenids
1926:Gagik II
1921:Ashot IV
1906:Smbat II
1891:Ashot II
1874:884–1045
1822:Varazdat
1757:Sohaemus
1747:Sohaemus
1732:Axidares
1727:Sanatruk
1714:Arsacids
1674:Arshak I
1524:Orontids
1386:(1939),
1342:New York
1332:(1997).
1272:(1987).
1112:Electrum
1048:(1984).
969:Plutarch
909:Bunson,
900:, p. 112
847:Velleius
493:Plutarch
453:Artaxata
436:Plutarch
407:Pentheus
405:head of
359:(modern
294:Artáozos
266:Artavazd
261:Armenian
171:Armenian
155:Religion
62:55–34 BC
2079:Leo III
1936:Cilicia
1911:Gagik I
1886:Smbat I
1881:Ashot I
1664:Vonones
1547:Arsames
1433:unknown
1002:(ed.).
980:Tacitus
929:49.39.2
885:Crassus
807:49.39.2
529:inside
398:Silaces
329:Armenia
269:and in
252:Avestan
196:Armenia
124:Dynasty
42:Silver
2117:Neghir
2089:Leo IV
2054:Thoros
2044:Leo II
2021:Philip
2019:&
1896:Abas I
1852:Shapur
1782:Narseh
1684:Orodes
1631:&
1617:&
1557:Xerxes
1436:
1394:
1352:
1318:
1280:
1260:
1252:
1215:
1182:
1160:
1141:
1077:
1058:
1035:
1016:
985:Annals
913:, p.47
896:Swan,
857:50.6-7
855:Antony
772:Antony
743:Antony
526:k’ajk’
515:Legacy
384:Surena
365:Turkey
361:Harran
345:drachm
291:, and
244:name *
145:Mother
135:Father
2148:Leo V
2084:Oshin
1981:Leo I
1807:Tiran
1633:Erato
1619:Erato
1542:Sames
1440:31 BC
1438:Died:
1431:Born:
1258:S2CID
1209:BRILL
1108:(PDF)
782:49.25
761:49.25
349:tiara
325:Syria
318:Roman
271:Greek
238:Latin
108:Issue
101:Egypt
94:31 BC
59:Reign
1999:Mleh
1392:ISBN
1350:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1278:ISBN
1250:ISSN
1234:TAPA
1213:ISBN
1180:ISBN
1158:ISBN
1139:ISBN
1075:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1033:ISBN
1014:ISBN
774:39;
232:Name
169:(In
91:Died
1817:Pap
1373:doi
1242:doi
1238:145
1120:doi
831:2.3
392:of
305:In
273:as
263:as
2169::
1369:46
1367:,
1344::
1310:.
1295:.
1256:.
1248:.
1236:.
1232:.
1211:.
1207:.
1116:25
1114:.
1110:.
1094:.
982:,
971:,
962:,
925:,
887:33
849:,
778:,
757:,
745:37
631:^
600:^
557:.
537:.
511:.
503:,
474:.
463:.
419:r.
374:r.
336:.
312:,
307:c.
297:.
285:,
279:,
209:r.
181::
177:;
173::
99:,
1497:e
1490:t
1483:v
1375::
1358:.
1324:.
1286:.
1264:.
1244::
1221:.
1167:.
1148:.
1128:.
1122::
1083:.
1064:.
1022:.
644:.
567:.
416:(
371:(
206:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
