611:
356:, choosing to avoid social engagements as they do not want to give people the opportunity to reject (or possibly, accept) them. Though they inherently crave a sense of belonging, their fear of criticism and rejection leads people with AvPD to actively avoid occasions that require social interaction, leading to extremely asocial tendencies; as a result, these individuals often have difficulty cultivating and preserving close relationships.
573:
and read the mental states of themselves. The therapy differs from SST in that the patient is trained to identify their own thoughts and feelings as a means of recognizing similar emotions in others. Metacognitive interpersonal therapy has been shown to improve interpersonal and decision-making skills by encouraging awareness of suppressed inner states, which enables patients to better relate to other people in social environments.
597:
126:, who seem to thrive in social settings rather than being alone. An introvert may present as an individual preferring being alone or interacting with smaller groups over interaction with larger groups, writing over speaking, having fewer but more fulfilling friendships, and needing time for reflection. While not a measurable
572:
Metacognitive interpersonal therapy is a method of treating and improving the social skills of people with personality disorders that are associated with asociality. Through metacognitive interpersonal therapy, clinicians seek to improve their patients' metacognition, meaning the ability to recognize
243:
and faster to notice and react to changes in the environment, essentially holding onto their own observations in a rigid manner and, consequently, not imitating a maladaptive behavior through social learning. These behaviors, including deficits in imitative behavior, have been observed in individuals
493:
SST can be adapted to the treatment of depression with a focus on assertiveness training. Depressed patients often benefit from learning to set limits with others, to obtain satisfaction for their own needs, and to feel more self-confident in social interactions. Research suggests that patients who
326:
can deteriorate relationships and other social ties, isolating individuals with schizophrenia from reality and in some cases leading to homelessness. Even when treated with medication for the disorder, they may be unable to engage in social behaviors. These behaviors include things like maintaining
238:
in animal and human populations. When social learning overrides personal experience (asocial learning), negative effects can be observed such as the inability to seek or pick the most efficient way to accomplish a task and a resulting inflexibility to changing environments. Individuals who are less
464:
Connecting with others is important to overall health. An increased difficulty in accurately reading social cues by others can affect this desire for people with autism. The risk of adverse social experiences is high for those with autism, and so they may prefer to be avoidant in social situations
409:
in social situations, odd behavior and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs. People with this disorder feel extreme discomfort with maintaining close relationships with people, and therefore they often do not. People who have this disorder may display peculiar manners of talking and dressing
547:
Social skills training (SST) is an effective technique aimed towards anyone with "difficulty relating to others," a common symptom of shyness, marital and family conflicts, or developmental disabilities; as well as of many mental and neurological disorders including adjustment disorders, anxiety
584:
In order to cope with asocial behavior, many individuals, especially those with avoidant personality disorder, develop an inner world of fantasy and imagination to entertain themselves when feeling rejected by peers. Asocial people may frequently imagine themselves in situations where they are
551:
Fortunately for people who display difficulty relating to others, social skills can be learned, as they are not simply inherent to an individual's personality or disposition. Therefore, there is hope for anyone who wishes to improve their social skills, including those with psychosocial or
548:
disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, social phobia, alcohol dependence, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, avoidant personality disorder, paranoid personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder.
335:(SST) for the treatment of schizophrenia, in outpatient clinics as well as inpatient units. SST can be used to help patients with schizophrenia make better eye contact with other people, increase assertiveness, and improve their general conversational skills.
514:. The disorder is common in children and young adults, diagnosed on average between the ages of 8 and 15. If left untreated, people with SAD exhibit asocial behavior into adulthood, avoiding social interactions and career choices that require
563:
Additionally, SST can focus on receiving skills (e.g. accurately perceiving problem situations), processing skills (e.g. considering several response alternatives), and sending skills (delivering appropriate verbal and non-verbal responses).
172:
discusses the negative aspects of this form of extreme or aberrant asociality. Some individuals with social anhedonia are at higher risk of developing schizophrenia and may have mental functioning that becomes poorer than the average.
518:. SST can help people with social phobia or shyness to improve their communication and social skills so that they will be able to mingle with others or go to job interviews with greater ease and self-confidence.
555:
SST includes improving eye contact, speech duration, frequency of requests, and the use of gestures, as well as decreasing automatic compliance to the requests of others. SST has been shown to improve levels of
465:
rather than experience anxiety over social performance. Social deficits in people with autism is directly correlated with the increased prevalence of social anxiety in this community. As they are in a steep
359:
People with AvPD may also display social phobia, the difference being that social phobia is the fear of social circumstances whereas AvPD is better described as an aversion to intimacy in relationships.
216:
Research indicates the social and analytical functions of the brain function in a mutually exclusive way. With this in mind, researchers posit that people who devoted less time or interest to
494:
are depressed because they tend to withdraw from others can benefit from SST by learning to increase positive social interactions with others instead of withdrawing from social interactions.
2413:"'I Never Realised Everybody Felt as Happy as I Do When I Am Around Autistic People': A Thematic Analysis of Autistic Adults' Relationships With Autistic and Neurotypical Friends and Family"
318:
is common in people with schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia may experience social deficits or dysfunction as a result of the disorder, leading to asocial behavior. Frequent or ongoing
137:
In matters of the brain, researchers have found differences in anatomy between introverted and extraverted persons. Introverted people are found to experience a higher flow of blood to the
122:
Introversion is "the state of or tendency toward being wholly or predominantly concerned with and interested in one's own mental life." Introverted persons are considered the opposite of
2853:
Coplan, Robert J.; Prakash, Kavita; O'Neil, Kim; Armer, Mandana (2004). "Do You "Want" to Play? Distinguishing
Between Conflicted Shyness and Social Disinterest in Early Childhood".
168:
Many cases of social anhedonia are marked by extreme social withdrawal and the complete avoidance of social interaction. One research article studying the individual differences in
490:, as individuals lose interest in everyday activities and hobbies they used to enjoy, this may include social activities, resulting in social withdrawal and withdrawal tendencies.
1975:
Soulières, Isabelle; Dawson, Michelle; Samson, Fabienne; Barbeau, Elise B.; Sahyoun, Chérif P.; Strangman, Gary E.; Zeffiro, Thomas A.; Mottron, Laurent (December 2009).
1759:
1442:"Are there alternative adaptive strategies to human pro-sociality? The role of collaborative morality in the emergence of personality variation and autistic traits"
352:(AvPD). They experience discomfort and feel inhibited in social situations, being overwhelmed by feelings of inadequacy. Such people remain consistently fearful of
576:
The therapy is often used to treat patients with two or more co-occurring personality disorders, commonly including obsessive-compulsive and avoidant behaviors.
2936:
Leary, Mark R.; Herbst, Kenneth C.; McCrary, Felicia (2003). "Finding pleasure in solitary activities: desire for aloneness or disinterest in social contact?".
552:
neurological disorders. Nonetheless, it is important to note that asociality may still be considered neither a character flaw nor an inherently negative trait.
585:
accepted by others or have succeeded at an activity. Additionally, they may have fantasies relating to memories of early childhood and close family members.
371:(SzPD) is characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness, emotional coldness, and
2350:
2213:
2285:
410:
and often have difficulty in forming relationships. In some cases, they may react oddly in conversations, not respond, or talk to themselves.
262:
The benefits of this behavior for the individual and their kin caused it to be preserved in part of the human population. The usefulness for
45:, but it can, moreover, be a manifestation of limited opportunities for social relationships. Developmental psychologists use the synonyms
1421:
469:, there is risk of not having access to like-minded peers in their community, which can lead them to withdrawal and social isolation.
2672:
433:. Autistic people tend to express emotions differently and less intensely than allistic people, and often do not pick up on allistic
224:, creating tools, and spotting useful patterns in the environment in general for both their own safety and the safety of the group.
2965:
Jennings, Kay D. (1975). "People Versus Object
Orientation, Social Behavior, and Intellectual Abilities in Preschool Children".
2907:
Larson, Reed W. (1990). "The
Solitary Side of Life: An Examination of the Time People Spend Alone from Childhood to Old Age".
2828:
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2153:
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1054:
914:
848:
823:
741:
1918:"Hyperreactivity to weak acoustic stimuli and prolonged acoustic startle latency in children with autism spectrum disorders"
2995:
295:
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117:
1242:
Gurven, Michael; von Rueden, Christopher; Stieglitz, Jonathan; Kaplan, Hillard; Rodriguez, Daniel Eid (January 1, 2014).
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Johnstone, R. A.; Dall, S. R. X.; Giraldeau, Luc–Alain; Valone, Thomas J.; Templeton, Jennifer J. (November 29, 2002).
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Takahashi, Hidetoshi; Nakahachi, Takayuki; Komatsu, Sahoko; Ogino, Kazuo; Iida, Yukako; Kamio, Yoko (March 12, 2014).
1293:"How BIS/BAS and psycho-behavioral variables distinguish between social withdrawal subtypes during emerging adulthood"
1508:
1150:"Aberrant Asociality: How Individual Differences in Social Anhedonia Illuminate the Need to Belong: Social Anhedonia"
506:(SAD), who experience perpetual and irrational fears of humiliating themselves in social situations. They often have
940:"Saving the Ethnocultural Heritage of the Peoples of the North Caucasus as an Alternative to Asocial Manifestations"
705:
398:
425:(non-autistic) people communicate. These different communication styles can cause mutual friction between the two
161:
that feature social withdrawal. Social anhedonia is distinct from introversion and is frequently accompanied with
24:
263:
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Falk, Emily B.; Morelli, Sylvia A.; Welborn, B. Locke; Dambacher, Karl; Lieberman, Matthew D. (July 1, 2013).
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349:
249:
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62:
2026:"Widespread signatures of positive selection in common risk alleles associated to autism spectrum disorder"
2742:"Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy in a Case of Obsessive–Compulsive and Avoidant Personality Disorders"
331:
in others, or functioning in crowded settings. There has been extensive research on the effective use of
2354:
1852:
1719:"Making sense of it all: The impact of sensory processing sensitivity on daily functioning of children"
1149:
1564:
1490:
1292:
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used the analytical part of the brain more frequently and thereby were often responsible for devising
2884:"A "Multitude" of Solitude: A Closer Look at Social Withdrawal and Nonsocial Play in Early Childhood"
1812:
483:
2464:"Brief Report: Social Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorder is Based on Deficits in Social Competence"
805:
724:
375:. Affected individuals may simultaneously demonstrate a rich and elaborate but exclusively internal
2779:
Millon, Theodore; Millon, Carrie M.; Meagher, Sarah E.; Grossman, Seth D.; Ramnath, Rowena (2004).
1565:"The evolution of social learning rules: Payoff-biased and frequency-dependent biased transmission"
1718:
1679:
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2578:
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receptible, motivated, and interested in sociability are likely less affected by or sensible to
1018:
719:
715:
709:
526:
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430:
387:
332:
307:
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and introversion itself due to their increased cognitive, sensorial, and analytical awareness.
274:
231:
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and can give the individual time to think, work, reflect, and see useful patterns more easily.
131:
1080:"Social Anhedonia is Not Just Extreme Introversion: Empirical Evidence of Distinct Constructs"
2839:
866:"Dissent through Holiness: The Case of the Radical Renouncer in Theravada Buddhist Countries"
625:
58:
1576:
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Kendal, Rachel L.; Coolen, Isabelle; van Bergen, Yfke; Laland, Kevin N. (January 1, 2005),
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390:. There is, moreover, increased prevalence of the disorder in families with schizophrenia.
383:
376:
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8:
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It is not the same as schizophrenia, although they share such similar characteristics as
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may display profoundly asocial tendencies, due to differences in how autistic and
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Social anhedonia is found in both typical and extreme cases of asociality or
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442:
253:
198:
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162:
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650:
630:
438:
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210:
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Asociality is not necessarily perceived as a totally negative trait by
34:
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2353:. Psychological Care & Healing Treatment Center. Archived from
1189:"Social anhedonia and social functioning: Loneliness as a mediator"
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206:
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57:. Asociality is distinct from, but not mutually exclusive to,
1532:"Social transmission of maladaptive information in the guppy"
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Treatment of Schizophrenia
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234:have been confirmed to be potentially limiting and
2935:
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16:Lack of motivation to engage in social interaction
2521:"Chronic pain, social withdrawal, and depression"
2177:Hirsch, Steven R.; Weinberger, Daniel R. (2003).
661:Extraversion and introversion § Introversion
314:. Due to a lack of desire to form relationships,
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560:(positive and negative) in both men and women.
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2284:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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2673:"Brain Injuries Can Make Children Loners"
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2118:
2100:
2059:
2041:
2000:
1951:
1933:
1813:1983/87f3cee8-3429-4afe-acc9-09f4c1ef82a3
1811:
1801:
1786:"Children with autism do not overimitate"
1742:
1651:
1547:
1457:
1267:
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864:Silber, Ilana Friedrich (December 1981).
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1297:Personality and Individual Differences
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294:, asociality is one of the main five "
2313:
2298:
2234:
1876:
1844:
1673:
1671:
1435:
1433:
1143:
1141:
461:) used to convey emotions and hints.
327:conversations, accurately perceiving
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636:Disorders of diminished motivation
14:
3007:
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2840:"Social Nets Not Making Friends"
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1087:Journal of Personality Disorders
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706:American Psychiatric Association
609:
595:
399:Schizotypal personality disorder
394:Schizotypal personality disorder
285:
2772:
2733:
2690:
2664:
2621:
2596:
2571:
2512:
2455:
2351:"Schizoid Personality Disorder"
2342:
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2017:
1968:
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1113:
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1036:
401:is characterized by a need for
197:can protect an individual from
111:
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2888:Child Development Perspectives
2746:Journal of Clinical Psychology
1569:Journal of Theoretical Biology
1426:(1st ed.). Rounded Globe.
1121:"APA Dictionary of Psychology"
980:
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1:
2142:Carson, Verna Benner (2000).
1501:10.1016/s0065-3454(05)35008-x
1459:10.1080/1751696X.2016.1244949
692:
537:
532:
477:
369:Schizoid personality disorder
364:Schizoid personality disorder
350:avoidant personality disorder
344:Avoidant personality disorder
241:socially imitated information
2950:10.1016/0273-2297(90)90008-R
2921:10.1016/0273-2297(90)90008-R
2711:10.1007/978-1-4757-8979-9_10
2634:Anxiety Disorders and Gender
2253:APA dictionary of psychology
2043:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006618
1248:Evolution and Human Behavior
988:"Definition of introversion"
7:
2996:Interpersonal relationships
2642:10.1007/978-3-319-13060-6_3
2083:Crespi, Bernard J. (2016).
1879:"Introverts and Extroverts"
1684:Computers in Human Behavior
1385:Baron-Cohen, Simon (2020).
588:
10:
3012:
2867:10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.244
2480:10.1007/s10803-020-04529-w
1735:10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.022
1589:10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.05.029
1309:10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.043
1078:Martin, Elizabeth (2016).
1043:Helgoe, Laurie A. (2013).
149:, and preemptive thought.
115:
18:
2630:"Social Anxiety Disorder"
2604:"What Is Social Anxiety?"
2314:Reber, Arthur S. (1995).
2089:Frontiers in Neuroscience
1851:Morris, Barry K. (2008).
1803:10.1016/j.cub.2013.02.036
1696:10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.032
903:Luehrmann, Sonja (2018).
484:major depressive disorder
413:
298:", with the others being
275:genetic factors of autism
266:, novel discoveries, and
246:autism spectrum disorders
2967:Developmental Psychology
2855:Developmental Psychology
2699:"Social Skills Training"
2579:"Social skills training"
2525:Journal of Pain Research
2431:10.1177/1362361320908976
2102:10.3389/fnins.2016.00300
1423:The prehistory of autism
1348:10.1177/0956797612474670
1099:10.1521/pedi_2015_29_203
527:Traumatic brain injuries
19:Not to be confused with
504:social anxiety disorder
498:Social anxiety disorder
84:traditions, notably in
1935:10.1186/2040-2392-5-23
1644:10.1098/rstb.2002.1065
1549:10.1093/beheco/9.5.493
1154:Journal of Personality
543:Social skills training
522:Traumatic brain injury
431:double empathy problem
333:social skills training
33:refers to the lack of
2299:Comer, R. J. (2007).
2235:Comer, R. J. (2007).
1336:Psychological Science
1017:Ellis, Rachel Reiff.
816:10.1515/9783110852561
626:Anti-social behaviour
339:Personality disorders
159:personality disorders
2909:Developmental Review
2608:Child Mind Institute
1883:Psychological Review
516:interpersonal skills
59:anti-social behavior
21:Anti-social behavior
2820:Abnormal Psychology
2301:Abnormal Psychology
2237:Abnormal Psychology
1981:Human Brain Mapping
1857:www.autism-help.org
1638:(1427): 1559–1566.
1581:2009JThBi.260..210K
763:Pastoral Psychology
207:voluntary seclusion
2758:10.1002/jclp.20450
2538:10.2147/JPR.S71292
2357:on August 24, 2010
1877:Freyd, M. (1924).
1536:Behavioral Ecology
1125:dictionary.apa.org
775:10.1007/BF01040490
447:facial expressions
281:In psychopathology
271:analytical thought
222:hunting strategies
39:social interaction
2830:978-0-4715-6891-9
2792:978-0-4712-3734-1
2720:978-1-4757-8981-2
2651:978-3-319-13059-0
2389:978-1-4292-3719-2
2327:978-0-1405-1280-9
2263:978-1-4338-1944-5
2218:Psychiatric Times
2190:978-0-6320-6388-8
2155:978-0-7216-8053-8
1993:10.1002/hbm.20831
1987:(12): 4082–4107.
1398:978-1-5416-4714-5
1056:978-1-4022-8088-7
916:978-0-253-03167-9
850:978-0-2747-2870-1
825:978-3-1100-9659-0
743:978-0-8904-2554-1
603:Psychology portal
580:Coping mechanisms
316:social withdrawal
296:negative symptoms
258:disagreeableness.
98:Eastern Orthodoxy
94:Roman Catholicism
55:social uninterest
3003:
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2979:10.1037/h0076679
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1972:
1966:
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1922:Molecular Autism
1913:
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1895:10.1037/h0075875
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1796:(7): R266–R268.
1781:
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1764:Psychology Today
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681:Social isolation
676:Silent treatment
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403:social isolation
354:social rejection
170:social anhedonia
153:Social anhedonia
3011:
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429:, known as the
419:Autistic people
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143:problem-solving
120:
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856:
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810:. De Gruyter.
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473:Mood disorders
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437:or linguistic
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388:blunted affect
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324:hallucinations
308:reduced affect
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508:panic attacks
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455:body language
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451:tone of voice
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37:to engage in
36:
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2607:
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2582:
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2471:
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2378:
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2361:December 18,
2359:. Retrieved
2355:the original
2349:Ball, Jeff.
2344:
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1886:
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1856:
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1763:
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