Atari 2600 - Knowledge

1612: 1750: 2280: 1237:(1982) are among the most successful with at least one and four million copies sold, respectively. In 1980, Atari attempted to block the sale of the Activision cartridges, accusing the four of intellectual property infringement. The two companies settled out of court, with Activision agreeing to pay Atari a licensing fee for their games. This made Activision the first third-party video game developer and established the licensing model that continues to be used by console manufacturers for game development. 918: 1736: 1036: 45: 1722: 1624: 8577: 1044: 1764: 8565: 36: 8553: 996:

was done by James Asher and Douglas Hardy. Hardy had been an engineer for Fairchild and helped in the initial design of the Channel F cartridges, but he quit to join Atari in 1976. The interior of the cartridge that Asher and Hardy designed was sufficiently different to avoid patent conflicts, but the exterior components were directly influenced by the Channel F to help work around the static electricity concerns.

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routed through the TIA to the connected television. All six console switches on the front panel. Production of the unit was moved to Taiwan in 1978, where a less thick internal metal shielding was used and thinner plastic was used for the casing, reducing the system's weight. These two versions are commonly referred to as "Heavy Sixers" and "Light Sixers" respectively, referencing the six front switches.

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interesting artwork with implications of dynamic movement intended to engage the player's imagination while staying true to the gameplay. Spohn's style became a standard for Atari when bringing in assistant artists, including Susan Jaekel, Rick Guidice, John Enright, and Steve Hendricks. Spohn and Hendricks were the largest contributors to the covers in the Atari 2600 library.

3632: 1294:(1981), which was bundled with every ColecoVision console. Coleco gained about 17% of the hardware market in 1982 compared to Atari's 58%. With third parties competing for market share, Atari worked to maintain dominance in the market by acquiring licenses for popular arcade games and other properties to make games from. 891:, who had separately developed debugging software and hardware for MOS, and had developed the JOLT Computer for testing the 6502, which Peddle suggested would be useful for Atari and Cyan to use while developing their system. Milner was able to demonstrate a proof-of-concept for a programmable console by implementing 1682:, but does not provide all the buttons of a native controller. Third-party controllers include Wico's Command Control joystick. Later, the CX42 Remote Control Joysticks, similar in appearance but using wireless technology, were released, together with a receiver whose wires could be inserted in the controller jacks. 1790:

1982, to coincide with the release of the Atari 5200, Atari rebranded the console as the "Atari 2600", a name first used on a version of the four-switch model without woodgrain, giving it an all-black appearance. This all-black model is commonly referred to by fans as the "Vader" model, due to its resemblance to

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In 1980, the difficulty switches were moved to the back of the console, leaving four switches on the front and replacing the previous all lowercase font for the switch labels to fully capitalized wording. Otherwise, these four-switch consoles look nearly identical to the earlier six-switch models. In

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Atari was still recovering from its 1974 financial woes and needed additional capital to fully enter the home console market, though Bushnell was wary of being beholden to outside financial sources. Atari obtained smaller investments through 1975, but not at the scale it needed, and began considering

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pins—13 instead of 16. The designers of the Atari 2600 selected an inexpensive cartridge interface that has one fewer address pins than the 13 allowed by the 6507, further reducing the already limited addressable memory from 8 KB (2 = 8,192) to 4 KB (2 = 4,096). This was believed to be sufficient as

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finish, and the cartridges must be "idiot proof, child proof and effective in resisting potential static problems in a living room environment". Landrum recommended it include four to five dedicated games in addition to the cartridges, but this was dropped in the final designs. The cartridge design

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The top bezel of the console originally had six switches: power, TV type selection (color or black-and-white), game selection, left and right player difficulty, and game reset. The difficulty switches were moved to the back of the bezel in later versions of the console. The back bezel also included

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In 1978, Atari sold only 550,000 of the 800,000 systems manufactured. This required further financial support from Warner to cover losses. Bushnell pushed the Warner Board of Directors to start working on "Stella 2", as he grew concerned that rising competition and aging tech specs of the VCS would

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whose co-founder, Bob Schreiner, was a friend of Peddle. In October 1975, Atari informed the market that it was moving forward with MOS. The Motorola sales team had already told its management that the Atari deal was finalized, and Motorola management was livid. They announced a lawsuit against MOS

1528:(TIA) chip in the VCS to handle the graphics and conversion to a television signal. It provides a single-color, 20-bit background register that covers the left half of the screen (each bit represents 4 adjacent pixels) and is either repeated or reflected on the right side. There are 5 single-color 1055:

with plans for retail release in October. The announcement was purportedly delayed to wait out the terms of the Magnavox patent lawsuit settlement, which would have given Magnavox all technical information on any of Atari's products announced between June 1, 1976, and June 1, 1977. However, Atari

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Atari determined that box art featuring only descriptions of the game and screenshots would not be sufficient to sell games in retail stores, since most games were based on abstract principles and screenshots give little information. Atari outsourced box art to Cliff Spohn, who created visually

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plastic for the casing as to give the impression of weight from what was mostly an empty shell inside. The initial Sunnyvale batch had also included potential mounts for an internal speaker system on the casing, though the speakers were found to be too expensive to include and instead sound was

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Warner Communications issued revised earnings guidance in December 1982 to its shareholders, having expected a 50% year-to-year growth but now only expecting 10–15% due to declining sales at Atari. Coupled with the oversaturated home game market, Atari's weakened position led investors to start

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Many early VCS titles were able to display in both monochrome (black and white) and full color through the use of the "TV type" switch on the console. This allowed the VCS games to function on both monochrome and color televisions. However, beginning around the rebranding from "VCS" to "2600",

1567:"; the actual game logic runs when the television beam is outside of the visible area of the screen. Early games for the system use the same visuals for pairs of scan lines, giving a lower vertical resolution, to allow more time for the next row of graphics to be prepared. Later games, such as 799:

integrated onto the circuit board, permanently confining the whole console to only one game. The increasing competition increased the risk, as Atari had found with past arcade games and again with dedicated home consoles. Both platforms are built from integrating discrete electro-mechanical

1904:, the 2600 was supported with new games and television commercials promoting "The fun is back!". Atari released several minor stylistic variations: the "large rainbow" (shown), "short rainbow", and an all-black version sold only in Ireland. Later European versions include a joypad. 1374:

released a redesigned model of the 2600 in 1986, supported by an ad campaign touting a price of "under 50 bucks". With a large library of cartridges and a low price point, the 2600 continued to sell into the late 1980s. Atari released the last batch of games in 1989–90 including

1488: 1004:, which saw the potential for the growing video game industry to help offset declining profits from its film and music divisions. Negotiations took place during 1976, during which Atari cleared itself of liabilities, including settling a patent infringement lawsuit with 1110:

render the console obsolete. However, the board stayed committed to the VCS and ignored Bushnell's advice, leading to his departure from Atari in 1979. Atari sold about 600,000 VCS systems in 1979, bringing the installed base to a little over 1.3 million.

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cartridges and over 1 million VCS systems in 1980, nearly doubling the install base to over 2 million, and then an estimated 3.1 million VCS systems in 1981. By 1982, 10 million consoles had been sold in the United States, while its best-selling game was

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By 1982, the Atari 2600 was the dominant game system in North America. Poor decisions by Atari management damaged both the system and company's reputation, most notably the release of two highly anticipated games for the 2600: a port of the arcade game

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brought in Atari's game developers to provide input on features. There are significant limitations in the 6507, the TIA, and other components, so the programmers creatively optimized their games to maximize the console. The console lacks a

1865:(which became the dominant console in Japan), and it did not gain a significant share of the market. Sears previously released the 2800 in the US during late 1982 as the Sears Video Arcade II, which came packaged with two controllers and 1693:. The similar, but simpler, CX23 Kid's Controller was released later for a series of games aimed at a younger audience. The CX22 Trak-Ball controller was announced in January 1983 and is compatible with the Atari 8-bit computers. 783:

gave rise to a number of competitors to the growing arcade game market. The competition along with other missteps by Atari led to financial problems in 1974, though recovering by the end of the year. By 1975, Atari had released a

1563:, and as the display is output to the television, the program can change colors, sprite positions, and background settings. The careful timing required to sync the code to the screen on the part of the programmer was labeled " 1106:(1975). Atari sold between 350,000 and 400,000 Atari VCS units during 1977, attributed to the delay in shipping the units and consumers' unfamiliarity with a swappable-cartridge console that is not dedicated to only one game. 2310:

The 2600 was so successful in the late 1970s and early 1980s that "Atari" was a synonym for the console in mainstream media and for video games in general. Jay Miner directed the creation of the successors to the 2600's TIA

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for the cartridge's ROM chip, however, leaving only 12 address lines for the chip's game program. Thus, without special "hardware tricks" built into the cartridge, an Atari 2600 game can occupy a maximum address space of 4

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that claimed the burial contained millions of unsold cartridges, the site was excavated in 2014, confirming reports from former Atari executives that only about 700,000 cartridges had actually been buried. Atari reported a

1824:, which later produced 2600 cartridges. Sears released several models of the VCS as the Sears Video Arcade series starting in 1977. The final Sears-specific model was the Video Arcade II, released during the fall of 1982. 5557: 3468: 831:

capable of playing Atari's current arcade offerings. The programmable microprocessors would make a console's design significantly simpler and more powerful than any dedicated single-game unit. However, the cost

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television sets produced in the late 1970s and early 1980s, which commonly lack auxiliary video inputs to receive audio and video from another device. Therefore, to connect to a TV, the console generates a

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Ernkvist, Mirko (2008). "Down many times, but still playing the game: Creative destruction and industry crashes in the early video game industry 1971–1986". In Gratzer, Karl; Stiefel, Dieter (eds.).

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support for black and white display modes diminished greatly, with most releases during this period only displaying in color and the TV type switch serving no function. Other later titles, such as

4219:, p. 26 The cartridge connector's 24 pins are allocated to one supply-voltage line, two ground lines, 8 data lines, and 13 address lines. The uppermost address line is used as a so-called 1188:. To standardize naming, the VCS was renamed to the "Atari 2600 Video Computer System", or "Atari 2600", derived from the manufacture part number CX2600. By 1982, the 2600 cost Atari about 1872:

Designed by engineer Joe Tilly, the 2800 has four controller ports instead of the two of the 2600. The controllers are an all-in one design using a combination of an 8-direction digital

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Warner, wary of supporting its failing Atari division, started looking for buyers in 1984. Warner sold most of the assets of Atari's counsumer electronics and home computer divisions to

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included ex-Atari programmers. Mattel and Coleco, each already producing its own more advanced console, created simplified versions of their existing games for the 2600. Mattel used the

1227:, formed by Crane, Whitehead, and Miller in 1979, started developing third-party VCS games using their knowledge of VCS design and programming tricks, and began releasing games in 1980. 4662: 4183: 5078: 5172: 1496:(1982) has more advanced graphics than the games the VCS launched with. The black bar on the left provides extra time for the program to prepare graphics between each scanline. 2346:, which cited its remarkable role behind both the first video game boom and the video game crash of 1983, and called it "the console that our entire industry is built upon". 1901: 1363: 533: 5016: 1308:, a game programmed in about six weeks. Atari produced an estimated four million cartridges, but the game was poorly reviewed, and only about 1.5 million units were sold. 1166:

magazine has about 3 million VCS sales in 1981, about 5.5 million in 1982, as well as a total of over 12 million VCS systems and an estimated 120 million cartridges sold.

5549: 808: (equivalent to about $ 566,000 in 2023) plus time to complete, but the final product only had about a three-month shelf life until becoming outdated by competition. 5111: 4424: 3478: 2935: 3664:

Gallager, Scott; Ho Park, Seung (February 2002). "Innovation and Competition in Standard-Based Industries: A Historical Analysis of the U.S. Home Video Game Market".

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Sears released versions of Atari's games with Tele-Games branding, usually with different titles. Three games were produced by Atari for Sears as exclusive releases:

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In addition to third-party game development, Atari also received the first major threat to its hardware dominance from the ColecoVision. Coleco had a license from

5588: 4104: 1987:. It uses a recreated chip based on original 2600 hardware, and is compatible with original 2600 controllers. It can be modified to play original 2600 cartridges. 5294: 3379: 2456: 4406: 1027:

which was enough to fast-track Stella. By 1977, development had advanced enough to brand it the "Atari Video Computer System" (VCS) and start developing games.

3027: 1880:, designed by John Amber. The 2800's case design departed from the 2600, using a wedge shape with non-protruding switches. The case style is the basis for the 3509: 4787: 3401: 3926: 1319:

In September 1983, Atari sent 14 truckloads of unsold Atari 2600 cartridges and other equipment to a landfill in the New Mexico desert, later labeled the

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Over two days, MOS and Cyan engineers sketched out a 6502-based console design by Meyer and Milner's specifications. Financial models showed that even at

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chips for each region's television formats, which require games to be developed and published separately for each region. All modes are 160 pixels wide.

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The Atari 2800 is the Japanese version of the 2600 released in October 1983. It is the first Japan-specific release of a 2600, though companies like

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arcade game appeared in 1978. The original is in black and white with a colored overlay, and the home version is in color. In 1980, Atari released

4602: 4009: 2168:, released in 1980, is the first VCS game to have more than one million copies sold—eventually doubling that within a year and totaling more than 1240:

Activision's success led to the establishment of other third-party VCS game developers following Activision's model in the early 1980s, including

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The Atari VCS launched in 1977 with nine games on 2 KB cartridges. Atari ported many of their arcade games to the system, and the VCS versions of

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loss reported in the second quarter. By mid-1984, software development for the 2600 had essentially stopped except that of Atari and Activision.

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who had been doing his own testing on the 6502. Decuir began debugging the first prototype designed by Mayer and Milner, which gained the

4892: 2035: 4695: 6737: 4922: 4844: 4511: 1938:, announced in 1984 and released in 1986, is the official successor to the Atari 2600 and is backward compatible with 2600 cartridges. 1926:

The circa-1982 Atari 3200 was a backwards compatible 2600 successor with "more memory, higher resolution graphics and improved sound".

4870: 4541: 8642: 7421: 6404: 5164: 3102: 4071: 2899: 2510: 7426: 7406: 7396: 7298: 88: 3163: 2546: 8637: 8332: 7633: 7628: 7505: 7431: 7416: 7411: 7401: 7391: 7371: 5880: 5008: 4813: 1942: 1316:. Many of the third-party developers formed prior to 1983 were closed, and Mattel and Coleco left the video game market by 1985. 1304: 991:, to determine the consumer requirements for the console. In his final report, Landrum suggested a living room aesthetic, with a 860:

at the Wescon trade show in San Francisco. Mayer and Milner attended, and met with the leader of the team that created the chip,

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launch game. After less than a year, the CX10 joystick was replaced with the CX40 model designed by James C. Asher. Because the

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in the 2600. Though their internal silicon was identical, the 6507 was cheaper than the 6502 because its package included fewer

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of such chips was far outside the range that their market would tolerate. Atari had opened negotiations to use Motorola's new

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use the standard paddle controllers. Atari, Inc. was the only developer for the first few years, releasing dozens of games.

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in Japan in 1979 under the name "Cassette TV Game", but did not sell as well as Epoch's own Cassette Vision system in 1981.

795:, the only other major producer of home consoles at the time. Atari engineers recognized, however, the limitation of custom 5729: 4729: 2966: 5321: 2582: 1177:

by 1984. In France, where the VCS released in 1982, the system sold 600,000 units by 1989. The console was distributed by

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illustrated by Cliff Spohn, were aimed to capture the player's imagination and obviate the low fidelity of game graphics.

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has numerous technical and aesthetic flaws, but nevertheless more than 7 million copies were sold. Heading into the 1982

864:. They proposed using the 6502 in a game console, and offered to discuss it further at Cyan's facilities after the show. 3593: 3442: 2019:(2023) is a replica of the 2600 and 20% smaller. The 2600+ includes support for original Atari 2600 and 7800 cartridges. 5580: 5526: 5286: 5240: 4095: 3766: 2738: 2706: 1640:(CX30). Driving controllers, which are similar to paddle controllers but can be continuously rotated, shipped with the 983:

Alongside the electronics development, Bushnell brought in Gene Landrum, a consultant who had just prior consulted for

944:-level design of the graphics interface to build upon. A second prototype was completed by March 1976 with the help of 933: 6443: 4399: 3369: 2349:

In November 2021, the current incarnation of Atari announced three 2600 games to be published under "Atari XP" label:

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mode provides more vertical scanlines, with 228 visible lines per screen, but drawn at 50 Hz and only 13 colors.

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raping a bound Native American woman. Atari sued American Multiple Industries in court over the release of the game.

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Atari VCS units had been sold worldwide. The final Atari-licensed release is the PAL-only version of the arcade game

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The second VCS model has lighter plastic molding and shielding, and a more angular shape, than the 1977 launch model.

7366: 3501: 3017: 1016:. In mid-1976, Fairchild announced the Channel F, planned for release later that year, beating Atari to the market. 8532: 7318: 1841: 263: 7361: 4779: 1900:) with the ability to run a large collection of games. Released after the video game crash of 1983, and after the 1056:

encountered production problems during its first batch, and its testing was complicated by the use of cartridges.

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7,271,844 in 1982. 684,569 in 1983. 37,063 in 1986. 61,685 in 1987. 3,885 in 1988. 34,374 in 1989. 2,166 in 1990.

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electronics company founded by Steve Mayer and Larry Emmons, both former colleagues of Bushnell and Dabney from

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with significantly more advanced visuals and gameplay than the system was designed for, such as Activision's

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became industry standards, 2600 joysticks and some other peripherals work with later systems, including the

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Arceneaux, Noah (February 19, 2010). "Review Article: Game theories, technologies and techniques of play".

3941: 2246: 2211: 1575: 1525: 1480: 949: 827:, Cyan's engineers, led by Mayer and Ron Milner, had envisioned a home console powered by new programmable 540:. Production of the Atari 2600 ended in 1992, with an estimated 30 million units sold across its lifetime. 232: 3814: 8428: 8413: 8075: 7639: 6800: 6730: 6061: 5894: 5195: 3252: 3207: 3077: 2689: 2149: 1969: 1892:

The cost-reduced 1986 model, sometimes referred to as the "2600 Jr.", has a smaller form factor with an

638: 440: 435: 6931: 2138:. These artists generally conferred with the programmer to learn about the game before drawing the art. 8543: 7986: 7596: 6898: 6415: 5792: 5701: 4594: 4001: 2066: 1642: 1556: 1529: 1121:. This is the first officially licensed arcade conversion for a home console. Atari sold 1.25 million 7864: 6814: 6653: 5352: 5256: 4157: 4031: 3319: 2865: 2429: 2331: 1920: 1829: 1290: 1052: 952:(TIA) to send graphics and audio to a television. The second prototype included a TIA, a 6507, and a 415: 5615: 4896: 4563: 4350: 3880: 3054:

They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol I

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The design of the Japan-only Atari 2800 was previously used in the US for the Sears Video Arcade II.

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The first VCS bundle has two types of controllers: a joystick (part number CX10) and pair of rotary

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The CX2000, with integrated joystick controllers, was a redesign based on human factor analysis by

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Perry, Tekla; Wallich, Paul (March 1983). "Design case history: The Atari Video Computer System".

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Perry, Tekla; Wallich, Paul (March 1983). "Design case history: the Atari Video Computer System".

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Atari introduced the CX50 Keyboard Controller in June 1978 along with two games that require it:

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became the 2600's highest-selling game, but was panned for being inferior to the arcade version.

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As part of the deal, Atari wanted a second source of the chipset. Peddle and Paivinen suggested

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brand name for its cartridges. Third-party games accounted for half of VCS game sales by 1982.

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77, a clone of the Atari 2600 that plays original cartridges instead of preinstalled games.

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and requires games to instruct the system to generate graphics in synchronization with the

370:. Atari rebranded the VCS as the Atari 2600 in November 1982, alongside the release of the 289: 7780: 7263: 2891: 8: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8323: 7561: 7491: 7222: 7217: 6660: 6590: 6548: 6268: 6244: 6214: 6185: 6116: 6111: 6101: 5785: 5715: 5649: 4061: 2514: 2339: 2259: 2060: 1651: 1647: 1444: 1430: 1426: 1415: 1312:

pulling funds out of video games, beginning a cascade of disastrous effects known as the

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In 1977, nine games were released on cartridge to accompany the launch of the console:

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had distributed the 2600 in Japan previously. The 2800 was released a short time after

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shipped with special "driving controllers", which are like paddles but rotate freely.

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After more than 14 years on the market, 2600 production ended in 1992, along with the

505:, were factors in ending Atari's relevance in the console market, contributing to the 8455: 8363: 7349: 6985: 6849: 6499: 6376: 6340: 6311: 6167: 5660: 5621: 5287:"Nerdly Pleasures: The Forgotten Switch : The Atari 2600's B&W/Color Switch" 5236: 5229: 5137: 4307: 3890: 3793: 3599: 3323: 3256: 3211: 3111: 3057: 2993: 2754: 2734: 2702: 1980: 1391: 1371: 1352: 1096: 893: 796: 737: 521: 419:

are in color while the arcade originals have monochrome graphics. The system's first

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technique between two 4K segments. Some later releases, including Atari's ports of

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The all-black model that first used the Atari 2600 name (released in November 1982)

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under Tramiel released a revised, low-cost 2600 model, and the backward-compatible

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The initial production of the VCS was made in Sunnyvale during 1977, using thick

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From 1980, the VCS has only four front switches and a capital-letters logotype.

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to seek a programmable home system. The first inexpensive microprocessors from

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under the latter's Tele-Games brand, which started in 1975 with the original

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The North American video game market did not recover until about 1986, after

1351:, though Warner retained Atari's arcade business. Tramiel was a proponent of 1162: 1009: 953: 837: 456: 332: 200: 102: 5317: 2770: 1035: 976:(CRT) as it scans across rows on the screen. The programmers found ways to " 8581: 8394: 8353: 8164: 7846: 7795: 7785: 7757: 7742: 7675: 7644: 7481: 7461: 7337: 7143: 7127: 7082: 7067: 7046: 7029: 6562: 6555: 6198: 6041: 5980: 5873: 4178: 4066: 2930: 2227: 2016: 1735: 1705: 1679: 1659: 1548: 1377: 1340: 1324: 1174: 1083: 969: 880: 861: 697: 517: 501:

season and was similarly disparaged. Both games, and a glut of third-party

460: 6793: 6786: 6772: 2755:"MOS 6502 the second of a low cost high performance microprocessor family" 2231:, began using the TV type switch for gameplay functions, such as pausing. 1598:

format, is limited to 8 colors, each with only a single brightness level.

1406:. In Europe, last stocks of the 2600 were sold until Summer/Fall of 1995. 512:

Warner sold the assets of Atari's consumer electronics division to former

44: 8517: 8419: 8228: 8181: 8080: 8037: 7823: 7551: 7163: 7117: 6940: 6877: 6821: 6632: 6335: 6305: 6192: 6051: 5990: 5925: 5755: 5518: 4220: 3141: 3082: 2250: 1791: 1782: 965: 774: 558: 464: 316: 68: 6972: 1696:

There were two attempts to turn the Atari 2600 into a keyboard-equipped

1332:

loss for 1983 as a whole, and continued to lose money into 1984, with a

940:"Stella" after the brand of Decuir's bicycle. This prototype included a 777:. While Atari continued to develop new arcade games in following years, 285: 8348: 8313: 8214: 7920: 7874: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7586: 7471: 7456: 7201: 7072: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 6842: 6807: 6758: 6744: 6151: 6146: 6071: 5995: 5930: 5901: 4659:"The Sears Tele-Games Video Arcade (1977) and the Coleco Gemini (1982)" 3762: 3595:

Encyclopedia of Video Games: The Culture, Technology, and Art of Gaming

2335: 2324: 1984: 1935: 1913: 1893: 1881: 1464: 1399: 1241: 1224: 1185: 992: 941: 764: 620: 525: 502: 463:

consoles. Games grew to use four or more times the storage size of the

448: 371: 299: 4263:"Racing the Beam: How Atari 2600's Crazy Hardware Changed Game Design" 3681: 2990:

The encyclopedia of consoles, handhelds & home computers 1972–2005

2892:"Racing the Beam: How Atari 2600's Crazy Hardware Changed Game Design" 2109: 1983:(2005) contains 40 games, with four additional programs unlocked by a 1741:

Sears rebranded the VCS as the "Video Arcade" for its Tele-Games line.

1721: 1623: 1043: 1019:

By October 1976, Warner and Atari agreed to the purchase of Atari for

392:

in late 1975 made this feasible. The console was prototyped under the

8465: 8186: 8067: 7958: 7948: 7884: 7800: 7196: 6954: 6751: 6371: 6366: 6220: 6136: 6036: 5965: 5799: 5656: 5073: 3437: 3433:"A History of Gaming Platforms: Atari 2600 Video Computer System/VCS" 3247: 3202: 3151:. Episode 4. Scott West Productions. August 10, 2003. 23 minutes in. 3022: 2587: 2217: 2128: 2072: 1896:-like appearance. It was advertised as a budget gaming system (under 1854: 1821: 1701: 1560: 1434: 1273: 1178: 1152: 1146: 1087: 1076: (equivalent to about $ 1,000 in 2023), with two joysticks and a 960: 945: 898: 871:, the 6502 would be too expensive, and Peddle offered them a planned 785: 8576: 5550:"Atari 2600 Gets Three New Releases, 28 Years After Discontinuation" 2829:

Oral History of Chuck Peddle. Computer History Museum X7180.2014

1082:

cartridge; eight additional games were sold separately. Most of the

8564: 8512: 8450: 8409: 8042: 8019: 7981: 7976: 7915: 7107: 6779: 6597: 6569: 6345: 6317: 6141: 6031: 5955: 5950: 5845: 4950: 4725: 4630: 1991: 1873: 1858: 1763: 1671: 1492: 1359: 1285: 1265: 1253: 1005: 937: 905: 792: 585: 529: 469: 393: 340: 1949:

have been released since the lifespan of the original Atari 2600:

1521:), using a special switch box to act as the television's antenna. 400:. Lacking funding to complete the project, Bushnell sold Atari to 8368: 8290: 8285: 8200: 8169: 8154: 8090: 7818: 7790: 7525: 7168: 5985: 5200: 3469:"Activisionaries: How Four Programmers Changed The Game Industry" 2625: 2205: 2132:

series, was commissioned for one cover, the arcade conversion of

1245: 479: 5429:"When Two Tribes Go to War: A History of Video Game Controversy" 4447:"AtariAge – Atari 2600 – Controllers – Remote Control Joysticks" 2234:

Two Atari-published games, both from the system's peak in 1982,

1869:. Around 30 specially branded games were released for the 2800. 1487: 1355:, and halted all new 2600 game development soon after the sale. 1086:

were based on arcade games developed by Atari or its subsidiary

35: 7935: 7925: 7833: 7767: 6576: 5945: 5940: 5069:"How Atari Box Art Turned 8-bit Games Into Virtual Wonderlands" 4374:"A History of WCI Games / Atari / Atari Games / Atari Holdings" 4227: 2803:"Atari Video Computer System: Bring Entertainment Stories Home" 2404: 2402: 1995: 1954: 1269: 1160:

Atari 2600 machines were sold by 1982. A March 1983 article in

1000:

a sale to a larger firm by early 1976. Atari was introduced to

129: 120: 111: 5581:"Atari's New Collectible Game Cartridges Off To A Rocky Start" 3696:

Master of the Game: Steve Ross and the Creation of Time Warner

2361:. These were previously included in Atari Flashback consoles. 8491: 8475: 8470: 8424: 8267: 8052: 8009: 7810: 7714: 6716: 6284: 6005: 6000: 5707: 5631: 5165:"Atari bankruptcy: Remembering the 2600, 7 bestselling games" 2831:

https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102739938

2316: 1811: 1700:: Atari's never-released CX3000 "Graduate" keyboard, and the 1663: 1595: 1591: 1583: 1582:

mode provides 192 visible lines per screen, drawn at 60

1518: 1448:

was only 2 KB. Later games circumvented this limitation with

1257: 1184:

In 1982, Atari launched its second programmable console, the

1114: 820: 424: 363: 138: 6395: 5009:"Atari 2600+ sees its future in retro gaming | CNN Business" 4239: 4198: 2399: 1972:

the 2600 with ten games inside an Atari-style joystick with

1540:, which share the same colors as the players; and a 1-pixel 8224: 8146: 8113: 7962: 7293: 6674: 5975: 1816: 1579: 1510: 1456: 1144:

units during 1982, according to a November 1983 article in

779: 769: 4331: 4161:. No. 62. EGM Media, LLC. September 1994. p. 18. 1902:

North American launch of the Nintendo Entertainment System

1509:

signal compatible with the regional television standards (

8196: 8174: 8123: 8047: 7996: 3378:(in French). No. 67. December 1989. pp. 126–8. 2926:"The Untold Story Of The Invention Of The Game Cartridge" 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2343: 1655: 1587: 1514: 1059: 800:

components into circuits, rather than programmed as on a

6253: 4477:"AtariAge – Atari 2600 – Controllers – Kid's Controller" 3122:

10 million – number of Atari 2600 consoles sold by 1982.

2242:, are cited as factors in the video game crash of 1983. 2199:(1981) is the first game for the system to use 8K via a 2005:

can download and emulate 2600 games via an online store.

804:. Therefore, development of a console had cost at least 381:, but their development cost and limited lifespan drove 3757:

Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P (May 10, 2011).

3538:. Vol. 2, no. 13. August 4, 1980. p. 1. 3350:. Vol. 2, no. 23. January 1984. pp. 46–7 3196:

Hubner, John; Kistner, William F. (November 28, 1983).

4919:"Atari 2600 fans get the revival console they deserve" 3462: 3460: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2561: 2191:

Each early VCS game is in a 2K ROM. Later games, like

2188:

arcade games, released in 1981, were also major hits.

1500:

The Atari 2600 was designed to be compatible with the

1196: (equivalent to $ 390 in 2023). The company spent 1051:

The unit was showcased on June 4, 1977, at the Summer

19:"Atari VCS" redirects here. For the 2021 console, see 8541: 5039:"Video Games Console Library Atari VCS Launch Titles" 2919: 2917: 1916:

was a version of the 2600 with wireless controllers.

1884:, which was redesigned for the 7800 by Barney Huang. 883:. Cyan and MOS negotiated the 6507 and RIOT chips at 4650: 3011: 3009: 2113:

Cover art for Atari's games, such as this cover for

1302:

season, Atari had placed high sales expectations on

60:

Atari Video Computer System (prior to November 1982)

4722:"Atari 2600 – Sears – Picture Label Variation" 4425:"Gamertell Review: Wico's Command Control Joystick" 3457: 3431:Barton, Matt; Loguidice, Bill (February 28, 2008). 2765:(9). IEEE Computer Society: 38–39. September 1975. 2607: 1929: 1769:

The 1986 cost-reduced version, nicknamed "2600 Jr."

1117:to develop a VCS conversion of its 1978 arcade hit 447:. The popularity of the VCS led to the founding of 5648: 5228: 4174:"10 most influential games consoles – in pictures" 3756: 3674:IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society 3342:"EG Goes Continental: Europe Joins the Game World" 2914: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 1586:, with 16 colors, each at 8 levels of brightness. 1471:the controller ports, TV output, and power input. 5138:"Adventure for the Atari 2600 Video Game Console" 4715: 4713: 3191: 3189: 3056:(1 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 458, 466, 518. 3006: 2950: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2511:"Info about cart sizes and bankswitching methods" 1574:Regional releases of the Atari 2600 use modified 8589: 5651:Racing the Beam: The Atari Video Computer System 5062: 5060: 4617: 4210: 4062:"Where every home game turns out to be a winter" 3869: 3018:"Atari: The Golden Years – A History, 1978–1981" 2176:to drive console sales. Versions of Atari's own 1072:The Atari VCS was launched in September 1977 at 875:, a cost-reduced version of the 6502, and MOS's 7582:Palmtex Portable Videogame System / Super Micro 4343: 3933: 3781: 3663: 3563:"Atari attempts to gobble software competition" 3430: 2885: 2883: 1169:In Europe, the Atari VCS sold 125,000 units in 532:that led the recovery of the industry with its 5646: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4710: 4337: 4245: 4233: 4216: 4204: 3972:"Atari 2600 1986 Commercial 'The Fun is Back'" 3939: 3186: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2686: 2645: 2408: 2215:, are 16K cartridges. One of the final games, 439:, also released in 1980, was one of the first 331:-based hardware and games stored on swappable 8028:Family Computer/Nintendo Entertainment System 7691: 7279: 6269: 5723: 5490: 5057: 3737: 3735: 3243:"Atari: From Starting Black to Auction Block" 3195: 921:The first Stella prototype on display at the 7705: 5673: 5613: 3701: 3688: 3657: 3591: 3560: 3273: 2880: 2535: 350:controllers, and a game cartridge—initially 5493:"The Atari 2600 makes the Toy Hall of Fame" 5460:"Atari and the deep history of video games" 4744: 4682: 4680: 3742:Crawford, Chris (1991). "The Atari Years". 3710:"IGN: Top 10 Best-Selling Atari 2600 Games" 3666:IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 2841:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enHF9lMseP8 2789: 2529: 2036:List of best-selling Atari 2600 video games 843: 8628:Products and services discontinued in 1992 7698: 7684: 7286: 7272: 6394: 6276: 6262: 5730: 5716: 5614:Tim Lapetino (2016). "Industrial Design". 5126: 4367: 4365: 3732: 3633:"Competitors Claim Role in Warner Setback" 2453:"On Game Design: A History of Video Games" 1219: 43: 34: 7136: 7055: 6908: 5647:Montfort, Nick & Bogost, Ian (2009). 5162: 5099: 4319: 4317: 4285: 4127:"Atari Benelux Timeline – Atarimuseum.nl" 3792:. Södertörns högskola. pp. 161–191. 3630: 3493: 3198:"The Industry: What went wrong at Atari?" 2814: 2471: 2422:"A Brief History of Game Console Warfare" 1957:includes 127 games in an enlarged joypad. 1674:. The CX40 joystick can be used with the 1467:, and the state of the game environment. 773:, released in 1972, the first successful 443:and contains the first widely recognized 5193: 4677: 4592: 4422: 3787: 3741: 3707: 3310:"Technology: The games that aliens play" 3267: 3132: 3130: 3047: 3045: 2747: 2618: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2376: 2374: 2278: 2157:, and the first home game with a hidden 2108: 1907: 1486: 1288:to develop a version of the arcade game 1058: 1042: 1034: 916: 8333:1292 Advanced Programmable Video System 7506:1292 Advanced Programmable Video System 5607: 5547: 5529:from the original on September 29, 2011 5163:Kevin Day, Patrick (January 22, 2013). 5066: 4988:from the original on September 16, 2024 4943: 4732:from the original on September 29, 2015 4605:from the original on September 11, 2018 4564:"The Spectravideo "Compumate" Keyboard" 4534:"The Atari "Graduate" Computer CX-3000" 4362: 4186:from the original on September 17, 2018 4171: 4096:"Video Games, Once Zapped, In Comeback" 4092: 4086: 3929:from the original on November 18, 2016. 3908: 3906: 3847:"Atari's Buried E.T. Games Up for Sale" 3769:from the original on September 11, 2012 3569:. Vol. 3, no. 31. p. 1. 2987: 2923: 2859: 2728: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2595:from the original on September 12, 2018 2450: 1279: 1192:to make and was sold for an average of 1140:propelled worldwide Atari VCS sales to 1012:'s patents that were the basis for the 897:, an arcade game by Atari's subsidiary 8618:Computer-related introductions in 1977 8590: 5591:from the original on November 28, 2021 5560:from the original on November 28, 2021 5457: 5451: 5399: 5345:"The Atari 2600 Video Computer System" 5336: 5196:"The video games boom has yet to come" 5114:from the original on November 13, 2020 5067:Webster, Andrew (September 19, 2013). 4885: 4834: 4694:. Sears. December 8, 1982. p. 9. 4657:Grasso, Michael (September 19, 2017). 4656: 4574:from the original on November 26, 2019 4323: 4314: 4260: 4093:Pollack, Andrew (September 27, 1986). 3844: 3750: 3512:from the original on December 20, 2016 3466: 3240: 3161: 3155: 3103:Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 3015: 2889: 2800: 2777:from the original on February 24, 2021 2687:Goldberg, Marty; Vendel, Curt (2012). 2580: 2508: 2459:from the original on November 24, 2007 912: 339:in 1976. The VCS was bundled with two 8633:Second-generation video game consoles 7679: 7267: 6257: 5711: 5578: 5499:from the original on December 8, 2015 5381:from the original on December 7, 2008 5375:"AGH – Third Party Profile: Mystique" 5297:from the original on January 28, 2024 5226: 5156: 5144:from the original on October 25, 2007 5100:Wanserski, Nick (February 22, 2017). 4893:"The Atari 3200: Super-Stella/Sylvia" 4873:from the original on January 17, 2013 4457:from the original on October 11, 2017 4412:from the original on October 9, 2022. 4256: 4254: 4145: 3912: 3857:from the original on January 18, 2021 3826:from the original on February 9, 2017 3612:from the original on October 20, 2023 3573:from the original on October 20, 2023 3542:from the original on October 20, 2023 3382:from the original on December 8, 2021 3222:from the original on October 20, 2023 3127: 3070: 3051: 3042: 3030:from the original on October 10, 2018 2853: 2549:from the original on January 14, 2019 2497: 2444: 2371: 2330:The Atari 2600 was inducted into the 1801: 1030: 767:in 1972. Its first major product was 658: 5426: 5309: 5132: 5019:from the original on October 1, 2023 4847:from the original on August 27, 2022 4816:from the original on October 6, 2007 4514:from the original on August 28, 2018 4172:Stewart, Keith (February 24, 2017). 4074:from the original on October 3, 2021 3982:from the original on August 17, 2019 3903: 3875: 3790:History of Insolvancy and Bankruptcy 3631:Rosenberg, Ron (December 11, 1982). 3598:. Vol. 2. ABC-CLIO. p. 6. 3499: 3318:. Vol. 88, no. 1232–1233. 2956: 2715: 1551:to avoid the cost of the associated 1204:to manufacture each cartridge, plus 977: 887:a pair. MOS also introduced Cyan to 5548:Gardner, Matt (November 17, 2021). 5491:Farhad Manjoo (November 10, 2007). 5472:from the original on April 16, 2009 5208:from the original on April 14, 2021 5187: 5081:from the original on April 19, 2021 5045:from the original on August 8, 2017 5007:Nam, Michael (September 30, 2023). 5006: 4946:"Atari VCS is now available to buy" 4925:from the original on August 5, 2017 4719: 4698:from the original on April 17, 2023 4623: 4595:"You Can Judge a 2600 By Its Cover" 4544:from the original on April 30, 2015 4505: 4371: 4275:from the original on July 12, 2014. 3882:The Ultimate History of Video Games 3744:The Journal of Computer Game Design 3362: 3241:Bisson, Gisselle (August 6, 1984). 2969:from the original on March 10, 2021 2938:from the original on April 13, 2019 2619:Goldberg, Marty (January 4, 2008). 2538:"Nolan Busnell is Back in the Game" 2479:"Image of box with Pac-Man sticker" 2451:Weesner, Jason (January 11, 2007). 2012:(2023) contains 130 games built-in. 1820:. This is unrelated to the company 1347:, in July 1984 in a deal valued at 1216: (equivalent to $ 60 in 2023). 662:Rebranding to Atari 2600 (November) 13: 5342: 5324:from the original on July 25, 2012 5315: 5194:Hutcheon, Stephen (June 7, 1983). 5175:from the original on June 16, 2013 4958:from the original on June 15, 2021 4790:from the original on July 15, 2020 4755: 4665:from the original on July 22, 2020 4638:from the original on July 26, 2020 4324:Wright, Steve (December 3, 1979), 4251: 3720:from the original on July 26, 2011 3708:Buchanan, Levi (August 26, 2008). 3561:John Markoff (December 21, 1981). 3412:from the original on July 18, 2023 3372:[War in the Living Room]. 3322:. December 18, 1980. p. 782. 2924:Edwards, Benj (January 22, 2015). 2902:from the original on July 27, 2010 2807:IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 2581:Fulton, Steve (November 6, 2007). 2172:cartridges by 1983. It became the 1776: 1547:The system was designed without a 934:University of California, Berkeley 319:Released in September 1977 as the 169: (equivalent to $ 960 in 2023) 14: 8654: 5685: 5579:Fahey, Mike (November 17, 2021). 5439:from the original on July 9, 2009 5267:from the original on May 20, 2018 4978:"Atari Flashback 12 Gold Console" 4487:from the original on May 18, 2019 4380:from the original on May 25, 2018 4133:from the original on May 16, 2023 4107:from the original on June 6, 2021 4042:from the original on May 20, 2018 4012:from the original on May 20, 2018 3952:from the original on May 10, 2023 3467:Reeves, Ben (February 26, 2013). 3090:. September 2007. pp. 24–33. 3016:Fulton, Steve (August 21, 2008). 2864:. Atarimuseum.com. Archived from 2583:"The History of Atari: 1971–1977" 2485:from the original on May 29, 2008 2255:Mystique Presents Swedish Erotica 1711: 1212:for advertising, wholesaling for 959:As the TIA's design was refined, 377:Atari was successful at creating 49:Four-switch VCS model (1980–1982) 8643:Discontinued video game consoles 8575: 8563: 8551: 5572: 5541: 5511: 5484: 5420: 5404:. Classic Gaming. Archived from 5393: 5367: 5318:"Classic 1UP.Com's Essential 50" 4400:"United States Patent 4,349,708" 4261:Kohler, Chris (March 13, 2009). 3942:"Here are ColecoVision's jewels" 3913:Sange, David E. (July 3, 1984). 3532:"Atari Sues to k.o. Competition" 2890:Kohler, Chris (March 19, 2009). 2731:Commodore: A company on the edge 1930:Related hardware and recreations 1762: 1748: 1734: 1720: 1622: 1610: 1156:magazine article says more than 948:, who created a chip called the 7002: 5692:A history of the Atari VCS/2600 5458:Edgers, Geoff (March 8, 2009). 5279: 5249: 5220: 5093: 5031: 5000: 4970: 4944:Bonifac, Igor (June 15, 2021). 4937: 4911: 4859: 4828: 4802: 4772: 4626:"Atari 2600 Catalog: Telegames" 4593:Beaudoin, Dave (May 31, 2016). 4586: 4556: 4526: 4499: 4469: 4439: 4416: 4392: 4279: 4165: 4119: 4054: 4024: 3994: 3964: 3940:Holyoak, Craig (May 30, 1984). 3916:"Warner Sells Atari To Tramiel" 3838: 3806: 3624: 3585: 3554: 3524: 3424: 3394: 3334: 3302: 3234: 3147:"The Agony & The Ecstasy". 3094: 3078:"The Definitive Space Invaders" 2981: 2957:Goll, Steve (October 1, 1984). 2850:time index: 0:59:10 and 1:19:24 2823: 2323:released in 1979 and later the 2289:Smithsonian American Art Museum 2269:General George Armstrong Custer 2263:, was protested by women's and 1023:. Warner provided an estimated 985:Fairchild Camera and Instrument 335:, a format first used with the 144: 8638:65xx-based video game consoles 8374:View-Master Interactive Vision 5737: 4895:. AtarL Museum. Archived from 4423:Hruschak, PJ (April 1, 2008). 3845:Poeter, Damon (May 31, 2014). 2536:Chafkin, Max (April 1, 2009). 2414: 2164:Rick Maurer's port of Taito's 1962:Atari Classics 10-in-1 TV Game 1601: 1113:Atari obtained a license from 928:By December 1975, Atari hired 1: 4867:"The Atari CX-2000 Prototype" 4837:"Atari 2600 Jr. | Atari 2600" 4070:. March 6, 1986. p. 15. 3162:Vendel, Curt (May 28, 2009). 2428:. May 9, 2007. Archived from 2387: 2253:games for the 2600 under the 2221:(1990), doubled this to 32K. 1887: 1848: 1368:Nintendo Entertainment System 538:Nintendo Entertainment System 497:was rushed to market for the 8359:Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy 7497:Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy 6107:Television Interface Adaptor 5936:American Multiple Industries 3251:. Vol. 6, no. 32. 3206:. Vol. 5, no. 48. 2392: 2247:American Multiple Industries 1708:which was released in 1983. 1526:Television Interface Adaptor 1481:Television Interface Adaptor 1425:The Atari 2600's CPU is the 1173:during 1980, and 450,000 in 1068:, the pack-in game at launch 950:Television Interface Adaptor 811:By 1974, Atari had acquired 441:action-adventure video games 233:Television Interface Adaptor 7: 8429:3DO Interactive Multiplayer 8414:3DO Interactive Multiplayer 8076:3DO Interactive Multiplayer 7557:Children's Discovery System 4508:"Atari 8-Bit Computers FAQ" 3641:. p. 1. Archived from 3502:"The History Of Activision" 3253:InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. 3208:InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. 2267:groups because it depicted 2257:label. The most notorious, 2195:, have 4K. The VCS port of 1474: 1409: 759:Atari, Inc. was founded by 453:third-party game developers 423:was the home conversion of 396:Stella by Atari subsidiary 321:Atari Video Computer System 10: 8659: 7597:Epoch Game Pocket Computer 7552:Milton Bradley Microvision 4810:"2600 Consoles and Clones" 4338:Montfort & Bogost 2009 4246:Montfort & Bogost 2009 4234:Montfort & Bogost 2009 4217:Montfort & Bogost 2009 4205:Montfort & Bogost 2009 4153:"When Pac Ruled the Earth" 3288:10.1109/MSPEC.1983.6369841 3138:Cartridge Sales Since 1980 2697:Atari Inc: Business is Fun 2409:Montfort & Bogost 2009 2319:—which are central to the 2236:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial 2126:, a concept artist on the 2033: 2027: 1478: 1420: 1413: 1305:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial 649:First bank-switched game: 543: 486:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial 315:developed and produced by 18: 8530: 8505: 8484: 8443: 8382: 8341: 8306: 8299: 8266: 8223: 8195: 8145: 8122: 8089: 8066: 8018: 7995: 7957: 7934: 7906: 7883: 7865:Commodore 64 Games System 7855: 7832: 7809: 7766: 7713: 7625: 7613:Nintendo Game & Watch 7605: 7544: 7449: 7440: 7382: 7306: 7240: 7210: 7189: 7182: 7156: 7095: 6964: 6930: 6403: 6392: 6326: 6298: 6291: 6283: 6242: 6207: 6160: 6094: 6014: 5918: 5830: 5754: 5745: 4326:Stella Programmer's Guide 4158:Electronic Gaming Monthly 3759:"Buried Atari Cartridges" 3320:Reed Business Information 3052:Smith, Alexander (2019). 2862:"The Atari VCS Prototype" 2801:Decuir, Joe (July 2015). 2621:"The 2600 Story – Part I" 2332:National Toy Hall of Fame 2274: 2141:An Atari VCS port of the 1921:Henry Dreyfuss Associates 1150:magazine. An August 1984 1053:Consumer Electronics Show 932:, a recent graduate from 749: 744: 731: 726: 721: 716: 708: 703: 692: 682: 645: 626: 615: 610: 602: 591: 580: 569: 564: 553: 520:in 1984; in 1986 the new 455:and competition from the 295: 281: 262: 238: 228: 220: 206: 196: 188: 173: 162: 154: 94: 84: 74: 64: 54: 42: 33: 8623:Home video game consoles 7707:Home video game consoles 7634:Third generation → 7629:← First generation 5519:"Atari 2600 is number 2" 4300:10.1177/1461444809350996 3815:"Atari Parts Are Dumped" 3210:pp. 151–158 (157). 2992:. GAMEPLAN. p. 27. 2988:Forster, Winnie (2005). 2816:10.1109/MCE.2015.2421572 2364: 2030:List of Atari 2600 games 2023: 2003:Atari VCS (2021 console) 1314:video game crash of 1983 889:Microcomputer Associates 844:MOS Technology 6502/6507 775:coin-operated video game 687:Video game crash of 1983 507:video game crash of 1983 21:Atari VCS (2021 console) 8033:Super Famicom/Super NES 8005:PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 7314:Home video game console 6234:Atari video game burial 5702:Hardware and prototypes 5235:. Syngress Publishing. 4869:. www.atarimuseum.com. 4758:"The Atari 2800 System" 4288:New Media & Society 3375:Science & Vie Micro 2771:10.1109/C-M.1975.219074 2729:Bagnall, Brian (2011). 2010:Atari Flashback 12 Gold 1463:for scratch space, the 1345:Commodore International 1321:Atari video game burial 1220:Third-party development 923:Computer History Museum 735:Final game from Atari: 712:Release of US$ 50 model 549:Atari VCS/2600 timeline 368:Tele-Games Video Arcade 366:sold the system as the 313:home video game console 192:30 million (as of 2004) 79:Home video game console 16:Home video game console 7567:Entex Adventure Vision 7123:Transputer Workstation 6932:Software and utilities 4661:. We Are the Mutants. 4405:. September 14, 1982. 3822:. September 28, 1983. 3370:"Guerre Dans Le Salon" 3108:Guinness World Records 2846:June 11, 2021, at the 2836:June 11, 2021, at the 2509:Horton, Kevin (1996). 2307: 2285:The Art of Video Games 2118: 1497: 1069: 1048: 1040: 925: 346:, a conjoined pair of 7898:Super Cassette Vision 7842:Coleco Telstar Arcade 7487:Epoch Cassette Vision 7427:Eighth (2012–present) 7326:Handheld game console 7197:825 80-Column Printer 7103:Atari 8-bit computers 6127:Starpath Supercharger 5697:Inside the Atari 2600 5634:on September 12, 2017 4780:"Atari 7800 and 2600" 4356:July 7, 2011, at the 3592:Mark P. Wolf (2012). 2959:"When The Magic Goes" 2321:Atari 8-bit computers 2282: 2249:produced a number of 2155:action-adventure game 2112: 1908:Unreleased prototypes 1668:Atari 8-bit computers 1594:mode, also a 50 1555:. The background and 1490: 1404:Atari 8-bit computers 1323:. Long considered an 1136:copies sold by 1990. 1062: 1046: 1038: 1002:Warner Communications 920: 597:Warner Communications 402:Warner Communications 7432:Ninth (2020–present) 6077:Howard Scott Warshaw 5608:General bibliography 4506:Current, Michael D. 4372:Current, Michael A. 3110:. 2008. p. 24. 2517:on February 23, 2021 1943:retro-style consoles 1806:Atari continued its 1524:Atari developed the 1455:The console has 128 1280:Decline and redesign 791:, competing against 8324:Fairchild Channel F 7562:Entex Select-A-Game 7492:Fairchild Channel F 7422:Seventh (2005–2017) 7295:Video game consoles 7223:Atari joystick port 6965:Video game consoles 6186:Atari Greatest Hits 6161:Emulation and ports 6112:Atari joystick port 6102:Atari 2600 hardware 5704:at the Atari Museum 5355:on January 18, 2013 5227:Grand, Joe (2004). 4899:on January 18, 2013 4599:Digital Game Museum 3645:on November 7, 2012 3500:Flemming, Jeffrey. 3481:on January 27, 2021 3406:amp.theguardian.com 3174:on December 6, 2010 2868:on January 17, 2013 2633:on October 13, 2013 2340:Rochester, New York 1842:Submarine Commander 1802:Sears Video Arcade 1648:Atari joystick port 1532:: two 8-pixel wide 1429:, a version of the 1427:MOS Technology 6507 1416:Atari 2600 hardware 1100:(1974) and Atari's 1094:was based on Kee's 913:Building the system 873:6507 microprocessor 854:6502 microprocessor 848:In September 1975, 840:in future systems. 606:Launch of Atari VCS 550: 337:Fairchild Channel F 290:Atari Video Pinball 214:MOS Technology 6507 30: 8165:Mega Drive/Genesis 7592:Romtec Colorvision 7536:VTech CreatiVision 7407:Fourth (1987–2004) 7397:Second (1976–1992) 7202:1020 Color Printer 7157:Portable computers 7096:Personal computers 6738:Return of the Jedi 6493:Cloak & Dagger 5427:Gonzalez, Lauren. 5402:"Custer's Revenge" 5293:. March 22, 2015. 5261:www.atarimania.com 4429:Technologytell.com 4101:The New York Times 3922:The New York Times 3887:Three Rivers Press 3820:The New York Times 3088:Imagine Publishing 2308: 2119: 1964:, manufactured by 1810:relationship with 1798:of the same name. 1638:paddle controllers 1559:apply to a single 1498: 1433:, running at 1.19 1370:in North America. 1353:personal computers 1268:. The founding of 1171:the United Kingdom 1070: 1049: 1041: 1031:Launch and success 956:slot and adapter. 926: 802:mainframe computer 548: 421:killer application 379:arcade video games 327:), it popularized 224:128 bytes RAM 163:Introductory price 28: 8539: 8538: 8526: 8525: 8456:EVO Smart Console 7776:Super Vision 8000 7673: 7672: 7621: 7620: 7531:Super Vision 8000 7417:Sixth (1998–2013) 7412:Fifth (1993–2006) 7402:Third (1983–2003) 7392:First (1972–1980) 7350:Dedicated console 7299:second generation 7261: 7260: 7236: 7235: 7152: 7151: 7091: 7090: 6986:Atari Video Music 6926: 6925: 6390: 6389: 6377:Nightdive Studios 6341:Atari Interactive 6312:Atari Corporation 6251: 6250: 6090: 6089: 5666:978-0-262-01257-7 5627:978-1-5241-0103-9 5408:on April 16, 2009 4921:. June 14, 2017. 4720:Yarusso, Albert. 4624:Yarusso, Albert. 4435:on April 3, 2016. 4351:"TIA color chart" 4236:, pp. 25–26. 3948:. pp. 4 WV. 3799:978-91-89315-94-5 3682:10.1109/17.985749 3282:(3): 45, 50, 51. 2733:. Variant Press. 1981:Atari Flashback 2 1876:and a 270-degree 1372:Atari Corporation 1343:, the founder of 987:for its upcoming 757: 756: 696:Sale of Atari to 595:Sale of Atari to 522:Atari Corporation 305: 304: 264:Best-selling game 8650: 8580: 8579: 8568: 8567: 8556: 8555: 8554: 8547: 8329:Interton VC 4000 8304: 8303: 8099:Magnavox Odyssey 7700: 7693: 7686: 7677: 7676: 7502:Interton VC 4000 7447: 7446: 7288: 7281: 7274: 7265: 7264: 7187: 7186: 7134: 7133: 7053: 7052: 6948:Atari Calculator 6906: 6905: 6871:Tournament Table 6437:Atari Basketball 6430:Asteroids Deluxe 6398: 6357:Cyan Engineering 6296: 6295: 6278: 6271: 6264: 6255: 6254: 6208:Related articles 6022:Steve Cartwright 5752: 5751: 5732: 5725: 5718: 5709: 5708: 5681: 5670: 5654: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5630:. 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Cheese 6328: 6322: 6287: 6282: 6252: 6247: 6238: 6228:Racing the Beam 6203: 6180:Atari Flashback 6174:Atari Anthology 6156: 6086: 6067:Warren Robinett 6010: 5971:Parker Brothers 5961:Games by Apollo 5914: 5860:Missile Command 5826: 5741: 5736: 5688: 5667: 5637: 5635: 5628: 5610: 5605: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5577: 5573: 5563: 5561: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5502: 5500: 5489: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5456: 5452: 5442: 5440: 5425: 5421: 5411: 5409: 5398: 5394: 5384: 5382: 5377:. AtariHQ.com. 5373: 5372: 5368: 5358: 5356: 5341: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5314: 5310: 5300: 5298: 5285: 5284: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5255: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5225: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5192: 5188: 5178: 5176: 5161: 5157: 5147: 5145: 5131: 5127: 5117: 5115: 5098: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5065: 5058: 5048: 5046: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5022: 5020: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4982:AtGames E-Store 4976: 4975: 4971: 4961: 4959: 4942: 4938: 4928: 4926: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4876: 4874: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4833: 4829: 4819: 4817: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4762:atarimuseum.com 4754: 4745: 4735: 4733: 4718: 4711: 4701: 4699: 4686: 4685: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4655: 4651: 4641: 4639: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4591: 4587: 4577: 4575: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4517: 4515: 4504: 4500: 4490: 4488: 4475: 4474: 4470: 4460: 4458: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4421: 4417: 4409: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4383: 4381: 4370: 4363: 4358:Wayback Machine 4348: 4344: 4336: 4332: 4322: 4315: 4284: 4280: 4259: 4252: 4244: 4240: 4232: 4228: 4215: 4211: 4203: 4199: 4189: 4187: 4170: 4166: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4136: 4134: 4125: 4124: 4120: 4110: 4108: 4091: 4087: 4077: 4075: 4060: 4059: 4055: 4045: 4043: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4015: 4013: 4000: 3999: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3955: 3953: 3938: 3934: 3911: 3904: 3897: 3874: 3870: 3860: 3858: 3843: 3839: 3829: 3827: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3800: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3755: 3751: 3740: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3706: 3702: 3693: 3689: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3629: 3625: 3615: 3613: 3606: 3590: 3586: 3576: 3574: 3559: 3555: 3545: 3543: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3515: 3513: 3498: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3465: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3445:on May 13, 2014 3429: 3425: 3415: 3413: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3385: 3383: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3353: 3351: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3272: 3268: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3194: 3187: 3177: 3175: 3160: 3156: 3149:Once Upon Atari 3146: 3136: 3135: 3128: 3118: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3086:. 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1418: 1412: 1386: 1348: 1333: 1329: 1282: 1250:Games by Apollo 1222: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1157: 1141: 1133: 1090:: for example, 1073: 1033: 1024: 1020: 915: 909:the next week. 901:, on the JOLT. 884: 868: 857: 846: 833: 829:microprocessors 805: 753:Discontinuation 573:Acquisition of 546: 427:'s arcade game 288: 286:Atari Home Pong 274: 216:@ 1.19 MHz 180: 178: 166: 150: 137: 128: 119: 110: 107:September 1977 101: 55: 50: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8656: 8646: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8613:Atari consoles 8610: 8605: 8600: 8585: 8584: 8572: 8560: 8537: 8536: 8531: 8528: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8515: 8509: 8507: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8499: 8494: 8488: 8486: 8482: 8481: 8479: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8447: 8445: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8437: 8432: 8422: 8417: 8407: 8405:FM Towns Marty 8402: 8397: 8392: 8390:Amstrad GX4000 8386: 8384: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8345: 8343: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8335: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8310: 8308: 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6237: 6236: 6231: 6224: 6217: 6215:Homebrew games 6211: 6209: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6201: 6196: 6189: 6182: 6177: 6170: 6164: 6162: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6122:XG-1 light gun 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6092: 6091: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6057:Carla Meninsky 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6018: 6016: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5905: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5877: 5870: 5867:Space Invaders 5863: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5824: 5821:Video Olympics 5817: 5810: 5803: 5796: 5789: 5782: 5775: 5768: 5765:Air-Sea Battle 5760: 5758: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5735: 5734: 5727: 5720: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5699: 5694: 5687: 5686:External links 5684: 5683: 5682: 5671: 5665: 5644: 5626: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5571: 5540: 5510: 5483: 5450: 5419: 5392: 5366: 5343:Vendel, Curt. 5335: 5308: 5278: 5248: 5242:978-1932266832 5241: 5219: 5186: 5155: 5125: 5092: 5056: 5030: 4999: 4969: 4936: 4910: 4884: 4858: 4841:retroplace.com 4827: 4801: 4771: 4756:Vendel, Curt. 4743: 4709: 4676: 4649: 4616: 4585: 4555: 4525: 4498: 4468: 4438: 4415: 4391: 4361: 4342: 4330: 4313: 4294:(1): 161–166. 4278: 4250: 4238: 4226: 4209: 4197: 4164: 4144: 4118: 4085: 4053: 4023: 4002:"Secret Quest" 3993: 3963: 3932: 3902: 3895: 3868: 3837: 3805: 3798: 3780: 3749: 3746:. Vol. 5. 3731: 3700: 3687: 3656: 3623: 3604: 3584: 3553: 3523: 3492: 3456: 3423: 3393: 3361: 3333: 3301: 3266: 3233: 3185: 3154: 3126: 3116: 3093: 3069: 3062: 3041: 3005: 2998: 2980: 2949: 2913: 2879: 2852: 2822: 2788: 2746: 2740:978-0973864960 2739: 2714: 2708:978-0985597405 2707: 2644: 2606: 2560: 2528: 2496: 2470: 2443: 2432:on May 9, 2007 2413: 2411:, p. 137. 2397: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2297:Space Invaders 2276: 2273: 2201:bank switching 2193:Space Invaders 2166:Space Invaders 2104:Video Olympics 2091:Video Olympics 2043:Air-Sea Battle 2028:Main article: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2013: 2006: 1999: 1994:announced the 1988: 1977: 1958: 1931: 1928: 1909: 1906: 1889: 1886: 1867:Space Invaders 1850: 1847: 1803: 1800: 1778: 1775: 1768: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1754: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1733: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1712:Console models 1710: 1628: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1479:Main article: 1476: 1473: 1450:bank switching 1439:memory-address 1422: 1419: 1414:Main article: 1411: 1408: 1281: 1278: 1221: 1218: 1123:Space Invaders 1119:Space Invaders 1032: 1029: 914: 911: 850:MOS Technology 845: 842: 761:Nolan Bushnell 755: 754: 751: 747: 746: 742: 741: 733: 729: 728: 724: 723: 719: 718: 714: 713: 710: 706: 705: 701: 700: 694: 690: 689: 684: 680: 679: 664: 663: 660: 656: 655: 647: 643: 642: 633:Space Invaders 628: 624: 623: 617: 613: 612: 608: 607: 604: 600: 599: 593: 589: 588: 582: 578: 577: 571: 567: 566: 562: 561: 555: 545: 542: 430:Space Invaders 390:MOS Technology 386:Nolan Bushnell 333:ROM cartridges 329:microprocessor 303: 302: 297: 293: 292: 283: 279: 278: 266: 260: 259: 258: 257: 254: 251: 248: 245: 240: 236: 235: 230: 226: 225: 222: 218: 217: 210: 204: 203: 198: 194: 193: 190: 186: 185: 175: 171: 170: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 149: 148: 143:October 1983 ( 135: 134:September 1983 126: 117: 108: 98: 96: 92: 91: 86: 82: 81: 76: 72: 71: 66: 62: 61: 58: 52: 51: 48: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8655: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8595: 8593: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8559: 8549: 8548: 8545: 8534: 8529: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8504: 8498: 8497:Steam Machine 8495: 8493: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8483: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8448: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8433: 8430: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8415: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8340: 8334: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8305: 8302: 8298: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8265: 8259: 8258:PlayStation 5 8256: 8254: 8253:PlayStation 4 8251: 8249: 8248:PlayStation 3 8246: 8244: 8243:PlayStation 2 8241: 8239: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8226: 8222: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8167: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8160:Master System 8158: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8148: 8144: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8132:RCA Studio II 8130: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8121: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8088: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8065: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8017: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7994: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7944:Intellivision 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7933: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7909: 7905: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7882: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7854: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7831: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7808: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7765: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7701: 7696: 7694: 7689: 7687: 7682: 7681: 7678: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7630: 7624: 7614: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7604: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7543: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7521:RCA Studio II 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7511:Intellivision 7509: 7507: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7439: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7381: 7373: 7370: 7369: 7368: 7367:Retro console 7365: 7363: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7352: 7351: 7348: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7339: 7336: 7332: 7329: 7328: 7327: 7324: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7305: 7300: 7296: 7289: 7284: 7282: 7277: 7275: 7270: 7269: 7266: 7254: 7253:Intellivision 7251: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7239: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7218:CX40 joystick 7216: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7185: 7181: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7155: 7145: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7135: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7094: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7054: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7036: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6992:Video Pinball 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6981: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6963: 6957: 6956: 6952: 6950: 6949: 6945: 6943: 6942: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6929: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6896: 6894: 6893: 6892:Video Pinball 6889: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6840: 6838: 6837: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6826: 6824: 6823: 6819: 6817: 6816: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6784: 6782: 6781: 6777: 6775: 6774: 6770: 6768: 6767: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6756: 6754: 6753: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6742: 6740: 6739: 6735: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6700: 6698: 6697: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6663: 6662: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6649: 6648: 6644: 6642: 6641: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6630: 6628: 6627: 6623: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6609: 6607: 6606: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6558: 6557: 6553: 6551: 6550: 6546: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6532: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6523: 6522: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6511: 6509: 6508: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6497: 6495: 6494: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6483: 6481: 6480: 6479:Canyon Bomber 6476: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6467: 6466: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6441: 6439: 6438: 6434: 6432: 6431: 6427: 6425: 6424: 6420: 6418: 6417: 6416:Anti-Aircraft 6413: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6402: 6397: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329:and spin-offs 6325: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6297: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6279: 6274: 6272: 6267: 6265: 6260: 6259: 6256: 6246: 6241: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6229: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6194: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6159: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6132:Coleco Gemini 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6117:CX40 joystick 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6093: 6083: 6082:Bob Whitehead 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6047:Garry Kitchen 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6013: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5897: 5896: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5871: 5869: 5868: 5864: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5850: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5795: 5794: 5790: 5788: 5787: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5767: 5766: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5733: 5728: 5726: 5721: 5719: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5679: 5678: 5677:IEEE Spectrum 5672: 5668: 5662: 5658: 5653: 5652: 5645: 5638:September 11, 5633: 5629: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5575: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5544: 5533:September 22, 5528: 5524: 5520: 5514: 5498: 5494: 5487: 5471: 5467: 5466: 5461: 5454: 5438: 5435:. p. 3. 5434: 5430: 5423: 5407: 5403: 5396: 5380: 5376: 5370: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5323: 5319: 5312: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5282: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5252: 5244: 5238: 5233: 5232: 5223: 5207: 5203: 5202: 5197: 5190: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5129: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5107:The A.V. Club 5103: 5096: 5080: 5076: 5075: 5070: 5063: 5061: 5044: 5040: 5034: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4992:September 11, 4987: 4983: 4979: 4973: 4957: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4940: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4831: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4789: 4785: 4784:Sears Catalog 4781: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4716: 4714: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4681: 4664: 4660: 4653: 4637: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4620: 4609:September 11, 4604: 4600: 4596: 4589: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4559: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4513: 4509: 4502: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4419: 4408: 4401: 4395: 4379: 4375: 4368: 4366: 4359: 4355: 4352: 4346: 4339: 4334: 4327: 4320: 4318: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4257: 4255: 4248:, p. 88. 4247: 4242: 4235: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4207:, p. 25. 4206: 4201: 4190:September 17, 4185: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4168: 4160: 4159: 4154: 4148: 4132: 4128: 4122: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4089: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4057: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3967: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3917: 3909: 3907: 3898: 3896:0-7615-3643-4 3892: 3888: 3884: 3883: 3878: 3872: 3861:September 29, 3856: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3809: 3801: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3773:September 10, 3768: 3764: 3760: 3753: 3745: 3738: 3736: 3724:September 21, 3719: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3698:, pp. 179–180 3697: 3691: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3660: 3644: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3627: 3611: 3607: 3605:9780313379369 3601: 3597: 3596: 3588: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3557: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3496: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3474:Game Informer 3470: 3463: 3461: 3449:September 11, 3444: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3427: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3397: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3371: 3365: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3316: 3315:New Scientist 3311: 3305: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3276:IEEE Spectrum 3270: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3237: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3199: 3192: 3190: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3150: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3117:1-904994-21-0 3113: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3073: 3065: 3063:9781138389908 3059: 3055: 3048: 3046: 3034:September 11, 3029: 3025: 3024: 3019: 3012: 3010: 3001: 2999:3-00-015359-4 2995: 2991: 2984: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2927: 2920: 2918: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2886: 2884: 2867: 2863: 2860:Curt Vendel. 2856: 2849: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2826: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2781:September 28, 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2750: 2742: 2736: 2732: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2710: 2704: 2699: 2698: 2691: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2637:September 11, 2632: 2628: 2627: 2622: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2599:September 11, 2594: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2553:September 11, 2548: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2532: 2516: 2512: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2458: 2454: 2447: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2417: 2410: 2405: 2403: 2398: 2377: 2375: 2370: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2230: 2229: 2222: 2220: 2219: 2214: 2213: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2167: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2145: 2139: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2056: 2051: 2050: 2045: 2044: 2037: 2031: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1966:Jakks Pacific 1963: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1951: 1950: 1948: 1947:microconsoles 1944: 1939: 1937: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1905: 1903: 1895: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1846: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1837: 1836:Stellar Track 1832: 1831: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1787: 1784: 1765: 1751: 1737: 1723: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1698:home computer 1694: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1676:Master System 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1652:CX40 joystick 1649: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1629:CX40 joystick 1625: 1613: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1472: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1417: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1393: 1384: 1380: 1379: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1349:$ 240 million 1346: 1342: 1337: 1334:$ 425 million 1330:$ 536 million 1326: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1309: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1217: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1164: 1163:IEEE Spectrum 1155: 1154: 1149: 1148: 1139: 1131: 1130: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1054: 1045: 1037: 1028: 1025:$ 120 million 1017: 1015: 1011: 1010:Ralph H. Baer 1007: 1003: 997: 994: 990: 986: 981: 979: 978:race the beam 975: 971: 967: 962: 957: 955: 954:ROM cartridge 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 924: 919: 910: 907: 902: 900: 896: 895: 890: 882: 878: 874: 865: 863: 855: 851: 841: 839: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 809: 803: 798: 794: 790: 788: 782: 781: 776: 772: 771: 766: 762: 752: 748: 743: 740: 739: 734: 730: 725: 720: 715: 711: 707: 702: 699: 695: 691: 688: 685: 681: 678: 677: 672: 671: 666: 665: 661: 657: 654: 653: 648: 644: 641: 640: 635: 634: 629: 625: 622: 619:Formation of 618: 614: 609: 605: 601: 598: 594: 590: 587: 584:Debut of the 583: 579: 576: 572: 568: 563: 560: 557:Formation of 556: 552: 541: 539: 535: 531: 528:, but it was 527: 523: 519: 515: 510: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 487: 482: 481: 474: 472: 471: 466: 462: 458: 457:Intellivision 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 437: 432: 431: 426: 422: 418: 417: 412: 411: 405: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 384: 380: 375: 373: 369: 365: 361: 360: 355: 354: 349: 345: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 301: 298: 294: 291: 287: 284: 280: 272: 271: 267: 265: 261: 255: 252: 249: 246: 243: 242: 241: 237: 234: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 209: 205: 202: 201:ROM cartridge 199: 195: 191: 187: 176: 172: 165: 161: 157: 153: 146: 140: 136: 131: 127: 122: 118: 113: 109: 104: 100: 99: 97: 93: 90: 87: 83: 80: 77: 73: 70: 67: 63: 59: 56:Also known as 53: 46: 41: 37: 32: 26: 22: 8395:Apple Pippin 8354:Arcadia 2001 8276:CreatiVision 7847:ColecoVision 7796:Apple Pippin 7722: 7665:Manufacturer 7482:ColecoVision 7466: 7462:Arcadia 2001 7338:Microconsole 6997: 6990: 6978: 6971: 6953: 6946: 6939: 6915: 6897: 6890: 6883: 6876: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6841: 6834: 6827: 6820: 6815:Steeplechase 6813: 6806: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6778: 6771: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6694: 6687: 6682:Pong Doubles 6680: 6673: 6666: 6659: 6654:Night Driver 6652: 6645: 6638: 6631: 6626:Lunar Lander 6624: 6617: 6610: 6603: 6596: 6589: 6582: 6575: 6568: 6563:Gran Trak 20 6561: 6556:Gran Trak 10 6554: 6547: 6540: 6533: 6526: 6519: 6512: 6505: 6498: 6491: 6484: 6477: 6470: 6463: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6435: 6428: 6421: 6414: 6327:Subsidiaries 6292:Corporations 6226: 6219: 6191: 6184: 6172: 6042:Larry Kaplan 5981:Spectravideo 5907: 5900: 5893: 5886: 5879: 5874:Demon Attack 5872: 5865: 5858: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5819: 5812: 5807:Street Racer 5805: 5798: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5763: 5738: 5675: 5650: 5636:. Retrieved 5632:the original 5620:. Dynamite. 5617:Art of Atari 5616: 5595:November 28, 5593:. Retrieved 5584: 5574: 5564:November 28, 5562:. Retrieved 5553: 5543: 5531:. Retrieved 5522: 5513: 5503:November 29, 5501:. Retrieved 5486: 5474:. Retrieved 5463: 5453: 5441:. Retrieved 5432: 5422: 5410:. Retrieved 5406:the original 5400:Fragmaster. 5395: 5383:. Retrieved 5369: 5359:November 13, 5357:. Retrieved 5353:the original 5348: 5338: 5326:. Retrieved 5311: 5299:. Retrieved 5290: 5281: 5269:. Retrieved 5260: 5251: 5230: 5222: 5212:February 22, 5210:. Retrieved 5199: 5189: 5177:. Retrieved 5169:Hero Complex 5168: 5158: 5146:. Retrieved 5128: 5116:. Retrieved 5105: 5095: 5083:. Retrieved 5072: 5049:September 8, 5047:. Retrieved 5033: 5021:. Retrieved 5012: 5002: 4990:. Retrieved 4981: 4972: 4960:. Retrieved 4949: 4939: 4927:. Retrieved 4913: 4901:. Retrieved 4897:the original 4887: 4877:February 18, 4875:. Retrieved 4861: 4849:. Retrieved 4840: 4835:retroplace. 4830: 4818:. Retrieved 4804: 4792:. Retrieved 4783: 4774: 4766:the original 4761: 4734:. Retrieved 4700:. Retrieved 4692:Daily Record 4691: 4667:. Retrieved 4652: 4640:. Retrieved 4629: 4619: 4607:. Retrieved 4598: 4588: 4576:. Retrieved 4568:Atari Museum 4567: 4558: 4546:. Retrieved 4538:Atari Museum 4537: 4528: 4516:. Retrieved 4501: 4491:February 18, 4489:. Retrieved 4481:atariage.com 4480: 4471: 4461:February 18, 4459:. Retrieved 4451:atariage.com 4450: 4441: 4433:the original 4428: 4418: 4394: 4382:. Retrieved 4345: 4333: 4325: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4266: 4241: 4229: 4212: 4200: 4188:. Retrieved 4179:The Guardian 4177: 4167: 4156: 4147: 4135:. Retrieved 4121: 4109:. Retrieved 4100: 4088: 4076:. Retrieved 4067:The Guardian 4065: 4056: 4044:. Retrieved 4035: 4026: 4014:. Retrieved 4005: 3996: 3984:. Retrieved 3975: 3966: 3954:. Retrieved 3946:Deseret News 3945: 3935: 3920: 3881: 3877:Kent, Steven 3871: 3859:. Retrieved 3850: 3840: 3828:. Retrieved 3819: 3808: 3789: 3783: 3771:. 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Retrieved 2430:the original 2426:BusinessWeek 2425: 2416: 2358: 2354: 2351:Yars' Return 2350: 2348: 2329: 2309: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2258: 2254: 2251:pornographic 2244: 2239: 2235: 2233: 2228:Secret Quest 2226: 2223: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2196: 2192: 2190: 2183: 2177: 2165: 2163: 2153:, the first 2148: 2142: 2140: 2133: 2127: 2120: 2114: 2103: 2100:Street Racer 2099: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2079:Street Racer 2077: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2039: 1940: 1933: 1925: 1918: 1911: 1891: 1871: 1866: 1852: 1840: 1834: 1830:Steeplechase 1828: 1826: 1815: 1805: 1793: 1788: 1780: 1706:Spectravideo 1704:keyboard by 1695: 1690: 1686: 1684: 1680:Sega Genesis 1660:Commodore 64 1641: 1635: 1573: 1568: 1549:frame buffer 1546: 1541: 1537: 1536:; two 1 bit 1533: 1523: 1499: 1491: 1484: 1469: 1454: 1443: 1424: 1397: 1390: 1382: 1378:Secret Quest 1376: 1357: 1341:Jack Tramiel 1338: 1325:urban legend 1318: 1310: 1303: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1239: 1234: 1228: 1223: 1183: 1175:West Germany 1168: 1161: 1151: 1145: 1137: 1127: 1122: 1118: 1112: 1108: 1101: 1095: 1091: 1084:launch games 1077: 1071: 1063: 1050: 1021:$ 28 million 1018: 998: 982: 970:electron gun 958: 927: 903: 892: 881:input/output 866: 862:Chuck Peddle 852:debuted the 847: 824: 817:Grass Valley 810: 789:home console 786: 778: 768: 758: 736: 698:Jack Tramiel 674: 668: 650: 637: 631: 518:Jack Tramiel 511: 494: 490: 484: 478: 475: 468: 465:launch games 461:ColecoVision 459:and, later, 434: 428: 416:Night Driver 414: 408: 406: 376: 367: 357: 351: 324: 320: 308: 306: 277:(as of 1990) 268: 174:Discontinued 95:Release date 65:Manufacturer 25: 8570:Electronics 8558:Video games 8518:Evercade VS 8435:Super A'Can 8420:LaserActive 8400:CPS Changer 8364:RDI Halcyon 8238:PlayStation 8229:PlayStation 8081:Panasonic Q 8038:Nintendo 64 7916:Leapster TV 7824:Casio Loopy 7384:Generations 7183:Peripherals 6980:Stunt Cycle 6941:Atari BASIC 6878:Triple Hunt 6822:Stunt Cycle 6633:Major Havoc 6605:Jet Fighter 6465:Black Widow 6353:(1977–1980) 6336:Atari Games 6314:(1984–1996) 6308:(1972–1992) 6306:Atari, Inc. 6199:Atari 2600+ 6193:Atari Vault 6062:Alan Miller 6052:David Lubar 6027:David Crane 6015:Programmers 5991:Tigervision 5926:Atari, Inc. 5831:Bestselling 5328:November 8, 5320:. 1UP.Com. 5301:January 27, 5148:October 11, 5023:October 20, 4349:Atari 2600 4221:chip select 4111:November 2, 4036:Atari Mania 4032:"Fatal Run" 4006:Atari Mania 3956:January 10, 3851:PC Magazine 3386:December 8, 3354:December 2, 3226:December 1, 3164:"Site News" 3142:Atari Corp. 3083:Retro Gamer 2690:"Chapter 5" 2436:October 13, 2355:Aquaventure 2017:Atari 2600+ 1849:Atari 2800 1783:polystyrene 1687:Codebreaker 1617:CX30 paddle 1602:Controllers 1364:1985 launch 1291:Donkey Kong 1233:(1981) and 1103:Jet Fighter 966:framebuffer 667:Release of 630:Release of 559:Atari, Inc. 534:1985 launch 344:controllers 317:Atari, Inc. 282:Predecessor 69:Atari, Inc. 8608:1980s toys 8603:1970s toys 8598:Atari 2600 8592:Categories 8349:Action Max 8314:APF-MP1000 8215:Neo Geo CD 7921:ClickStart 7875:Amiga CD32 7753:VCS (2021) 7733:Atari 7800 7728:Atari 5200 7723:Atari 2600 7587:Digi Casse 7472:Atari 5200 7467:Atari 2600 7457:APF-MP1000 7443:generation 7137:Prototypes 7063:Game Brain 7056:Prototypes 7042:VCS (2021) 6909:Prototypes 6885:Ultra Tank 6843:Super Pong 6808:Starship 1 6766:Space Race 6759:Space Duel 6745:Shark Jaws 6696:Quadrapong 6542:Food Fight 6528:Fire Truck 6458:Battlezone 6152:Atari 7800 6147:Atari 2700 6072:Carol Shaw 5996:U.S. Games 5931:Activision 5919:Publishers 5902:River Raid 5772:Basic Math 5739:Atari 2600 4929:August 20, 4851:August 27, 4736:October 7, 4688:"Sears Ad" 4642:August 31, 4078:October 3, 3763:Snopes.com 2388:References 2336:The Strong 2325:Atari 5200 2174:killer app 2159:Easter egg 2049:Basic Math 2034:See also: 1985:cheat code 1936:Atari 7800 1914:Atari 2700 1894:Atari 7800 1888:1986 model 1882:Atari 7800 1465:call stack 1400:Atari 7800 1387:20 million 1242:U.S. Games 1225:Activision 1186:Atari 5200 1158:15 million 1142:12 million 993:wood grain 942:breadboard 930:Joe Decuir 765:Ted Dabney 621:Activision 526:Atari 7800 503:shovelware 451:and other 449:Activision 445:Easter egg 372:Atari 5200 356:and later 309:Atari 2600 300:Atari 5200 189:Units sold 167:US$ 189.95 145:Atari 2800 85:Generation 29:Atari 2600 8466:Hyperscan 8461:Game Wave 8187:Dreamcast 8104:Odyssey 2 8068:Panasonic 7959:Microsoft 7949:HyperScan 7857:Commodore 7801:Terebikko 7748:Flashback 7606:Dedicated 7572:3D Gamate 7516:Odyssey 2 7174:Portfolio 6973:Home Pong 6955:Atari DOS 6836:Super Bug 6801:Star Wars 6752:Sky Diver 6731:Red Baron 6710:Quiz Show 6640:Millipede 6619:Liberator 6514:Destroyer 6486:Centipede 6451:Avalanche 6423:Asteroids 6372:MobyGames 6367:Kee Games 6221:Atari Age 6137:CompuMate 6037:Rob Fulop 5966:M Network 5895:Adventure 5853:Asteroids 5800:Star Ship 5779:Blackjack 5657:MIT Press 5476:April 13, 5074:The Verge 4820:August 2, 4702:April 17, 4548:April 22, 4308:220595570 3676:: 67–82. 3616:March 30, 3577:March 30, 3567:InfoWorld 3546:March 30, 3536:InfoWorld 3506:Gamasutra 3438:Gamasutra 3328:0262-4079 3261:0199-6649 3248:InfoWorld 3216:0199-6649 3203:InfoWorld 3023:Gamasutra 2906:August 9, 2872:March 30, 2809:: 59–66. 2588:Gamasutra 2393:Citations 2327:console. 2218:Fatal Run 2197:Asteroids 2179:Asteroids 2170:6 million 2150:Adventure 2129:Star Wars 2073:Star Ship 2055:Blackjack 1990:In 2017, 1941:Multiple 1822:Telegames 1796:character 1794:Star Wars 1702:CompuMate 1561:scan line 1395:in 1990. 1383:Fatal Run 1274:M Network 1179:Epoch Co. 1153:InfoWorld 1147:InfoWorld 1134:8 million 1088:Kee Games 989:Channel F 961:Al Alcorn 946:Jay Miner 899:Kee Games 879:chip for 834:$ 100–300 806:$ 100,000 652:Asteroids 639:Adventure 514:Commodore 436:Adventure 433:in 1980. 404:in 1976. 325:Atari VCS 296:Successor 275:8 million 256:Trak-Ball 158:1977–1992 8513:Polymega 8451:DISCover 8410:Goldstar 8281:Socrates 8137:RCA Nuon 8043:GameCube 8020:Nintendo 7982:Xbox One 7977:Xbox 360 7908:LeapFrog 7650:Services 7640:Emulator 7545:Handheld 7190:Printers 7113:MEGA STE 7108:Atari ST 6899:Warlords 6794:Sprint 8 6787:Sprint 4 6780:Sprint 2 6773:Sprint 1 6668:Pin-Pong 6598:Indy 800 6584:I, Robot 6570:Gravitar 6472:Breakout 6346:AtariAge 6318:Atari SA 6245:Category 6142:GameLine 6095:Hardware 6032:Tod Frye 5956:Data Age 5951:CommaVid 5888:Atlantis 5846:Pitfall! 5814:Surround 5793:Indy 500 5589:Archived 5558:Archived 5527:Archived 5497:Archived 5470:Archived 5437:Archived 5433:GameSpot 5379:Archived 5322:Archived 5295:Archived 5265:Archived 5206:Archived 5179:June 27, 5173:Archived 5142:Archived 5118:April 4, 5112:Archived 5085:April 4, 5079:Archived 5043:Archived 5017:Archived 4986:Archived 4962:June 15, 4956:Archived 4951:Engadget 4923:Archived 4871:Archived 4845:Archived 4814:Archived 4788:Archived 4786:. 1988. 4730:Archived 4726:AtariAge 4696:Archived 4669:July 22, 4663:Archived 4636:Archived 4631:AtariAge 4603:Archived 4578:June 23, 4572:Archived 4542:Archived 4512:Archived 4485:Archived 4455:Archived 4407:Archived 4378:Archived 4354:Archived 4273:Archived 4184:Archived 4131:Archived 4105:Archived 4072:Archived 4040:Archived 4010:Archived 3980:Archived 3950:Archived 3927:Archived 3879:(2001). 3855:Archived 3824:Archived 3767:Archived 3718:Archived 3649:March 6, 3610:Archived 3571:Archived 3540:Archived 3510:Archived 3485:April 2, 3416:July 18, 3410:Archived 3380:Archived 3220:Archived 3028:Archived 2973:April 2, 2967:Archived 2942:April 9, 2936:Archived 2900:Archived 2844:Archived 2834:Archived 2775:Archived 2759:Computer 2593:Archived 2547:Archived 2483:Archived 2457:Archived 2359:Saboteur 2301:Pitfall! 2144:Breakout 2135:Vanguard 2096:Indy 500 2085:Surround 2067:Indy 500 1992:Hyperkin 1970:emulates 1874:joystick 1859:Nintendo 1672:Atari ST 1643:Indy 500 1569:Pitfall! 1538:missiles 1493:Pitfall! 1475:Graphics 1410:Hardware 1360:Nintendo 1286:Nintendo 1266:CommaVid 1262:Mystique 1254:Data Age 1235:Pitfall! 1132:at over 1006:Magnavox 938:codename 906:Synertek 793:Magnavox 586:MOS 6502 530:Nintendo 470:Pitfall! 410:Breakout 394:codename 341:joystick 244:Joystick 229:Graphics 155:Lifespan 8544:Portals 8369:Vectrex 8291:V.Flash 8286:V.Smile 8210:Neo Geo 8201:Neo Geo 8170:Sega CD 8155:SG-1000 8091:Philips 7819:PV-1000 7791:Playdia 7781:Arcadia 7655:History 7577:Variety 7526:Vectrex 7169:ST Book 7078:Panther 6917:Tank II 6864:Tempest 6724:Rebound 6703:Quantum 6689:Pursuit 6535:Firefox 6521:Dominos 6405:Arcades 6299:Primary 5986:Telesys 5909:Kaboom! 5839:Pac-Man 5443:July 6, 5412:July 6, 5385:July 6, 5271:May 20, 5201:The Age 4903:July 6, 4794:May 20, 4518:May 24, 4384:May 24, 4137:May 16, 4046:May 20, 4016:May 20, 3986:May 20, 3976:YouTube 3830:May 20, 3694:Bruck, 3296:2840318 2626:GameSpy 2293:Pac-Man 2291:, with 2240:Pac-Man 2206:Dig Dug 1976:output. 1557:sprites 1534:players 1530:sprites 1421:Console 1366:of the 1296:Pac-Man 1246:Telesys 1230:Kaboom! 1214:$ 18.95 1200:.50 to 1138:Pac-Man 1129:Pac-Man 972:in the 670:Pac-Man 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