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115:, he ceased and joined the ranks of the dissenters. Kavel wrote to the King in January 1835, informing him that he would no longer use the worship agenda. On Easter Monday 1835, Kavel was removed from the ministry and was prohibited from practising as a pastor. His congregation likewise were prohibited from using the church premises, and participating in any worship services presided by suspended Pastors.
282:. Krummnow, who was now a naturalised English citizen and therefore able to purchase land, was provided by the settlers at Lobethal with funds to establish a community; Krummnow wanted this community to be based on his own principles of shared property and fervent prayer. The Lobethal settlers rejected Krummnow's vision and legally disputed his right to the land titles. In 1842,
320:
August Kavel married Anne
Catherine Pennyfeather, an English woman, on 28 March 1840. She died on 25 December 1841 after giving birth to a stillborn son and was buried in the tiny Klemzig cemetery (Kavel's parents would also be buried there). Kavel married again in 1851, to Johanna Beata Irrgang;
157:
Financially, the migration was expensive. Angas had lobbied the South
Australia Company to provide funding for the Lutheran dissenters, arguing that the character of the people was the ideal type for the new settlement in South Australia. However, due to financial problems within the Company, the
263:
was adopted. At the following synodical gathering in 1840, a letter was drafted and subsequently sent to the "Old
Lutherans" in Prussia. Its purpose was to encourage others to emigrate and, most importantly, have a second pastor immigrate to Australia. On 28 October 1841, 224 further Prussian
153:
The congregation in
Klemzig went through a number of setbacks in their application to emigrate. Requiring permission from the government, they were informed that their request for emigration had been denied in 1837. Representatives who were sent to appeal against the denial were arrested and
111:. Frederick William's revised edition of the worship agenda, which was released in 1829, was voluntary for usage in congregations, as was the first edition. Pastor Kavel used this worship order until 1834 when, under the influence of the writings of
158:
request by Angas, which had initially been approved, was now denied. Many of the
Prussian migrants had also encountered financial hardship due to the extended emigration application process. A migration to Australia now appeared to be impossible.
369:. East Corrimal (NSW), 1988. – August Kavel and his opponent Fritzsche depicted as sorcerers in a small collection of Folkstories, reflecting the migration, the foundation of the new church in Australia and the upcoming theological conflicts.
227:
Pastor Kavel, as the leader of the group of immigrants, acted as a negotiator for securing land for the settlers. These new migrants rented 150 acres (0.61 km) from George Angas and established their first settlement in
Australia at
376:, No. 14, Ludwigsburg: Valentin Verlag, 2007, pp 9–37. – Essay comparing and analysing the relations between the folkstories collected by Chris Illert and the real events, including Kavel’s achievements in Germany, England and Australia.
345:. Lutheran Book Depot, Adelaide 1938. – Detailed description of the early years of the Lutheran Church in Australia, including an illustration and explanation of the theological conflicts between Kavel and Fritsche.
295:
362:
Second edition, with corrections. Highgate (SA), 1997. – Detailed documentation of Kavel's motives for the migration, including facsimiles and/or extensive quotations from relevant documents.
92:. By 1826, there was some opposition to the intentions of Frederick William. This escalated in 1830, when Frederick William announced a number of changes that outlawed the traditional
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Pastor Kavel began to look for avenues to lead his congregation in an exodus from
Prussia to a place where they could worship in freedom. In early 1836, Kavel travelled to
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146:, which was searching for emigrants to settle the land acquisitions it had in South Australia. Kavel was received favourably by Angas, who sent his chief clerk,
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Kavel's parents, Albrecht
Christian Kavel (c. 1766 – August 1842) and (Charlotte) Sabine Kavel, née Fillgraf, (25 December 1767 – 1852) also emigrated aboard
355:. Luth. Bücherverein, Breslau 1931. – General description of the Lutheran’s migration from Klemzig to South Australia and August Kavel's role in the event.
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150:, to Prussia to meet with Kavel's group and to prepare them for emigration. Kavel remained in London, ministering to the German community.
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252:, taught the girls en route but was deemed "not completely satisfactory and the community did not allow him to teach in Australia".
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left in
September 1838 and arrived in January 1839. In all, this group of ships transported 596 migrants from Prussia to Australia.
331:
Three brothers Johann
Wilhelm Ferdinand Kavel, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Kavel, and Daniel Samuel also emigrated on the same voyage.
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While in Hamburg, Kavel was informed of the possibility of migrating to Australia. He travelled to London, England, to meet with
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History of the Lutheran Church of Australia § Division into Immanuel Synod and the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Australia
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George Angas decided to personally provide funding to Kavel and the Klemzig group. Four ships were chartered on their behalf:
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Tension arose between Kavel and the settled migrants at Hahndorf and Klemzig when he strongly urged them to relocate to
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Traditional German Folkstories from the Barossa Valley / Traditionelle deutsche Volksmärchen vom Barossatal
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imprisoned. It was only at the end of 1837 that the group was finally given permission to emigrate.
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churches in Prussia had been subjected to a number of changes, brought about by the decrees of King
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in 1838 and married (Johann Friedrich) August Fiedler (21 February 1796 – 17 September 1880).
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and installed as the Pastor at the church in the village of Klemzig, located near the city of
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104:. It was in this environment that dissent against the decrees of Frederick William arose.
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His sister Maria Charlotte Sabine Kavel (2 August 1806 – 6 April 1880) emigrated aboard
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88:. These decrees were intended to unify the Lutheran and Reformed Churches into one
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Pastor Kavel was not initially one of this group, who had come to be known as the
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was established. A third settlement of the Prussian migrants was established at
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Jakob Anderhandt: ”Deutschaustralische Märchen von der Freiheit des Glaubens“.
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on 28 December. Eleven people, six adults and five children, died on the trip.
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left Hamburg on 8 July 1838 with about 250 of the emigrants. They travelled to
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480:. Vol. LXXXIX, no. 26, 056. South Australia. 1 July 1924. p. 10
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508:. Vol. XXXII, no. 38. South Australia. 21 September 1880. p. 4
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Kavel’s People: Their Story of migration from Prussia to South Australia ...
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Um des Glaubens willen nach Australien: Eine Episode deutscher Auswanderung
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The Confessional Lutheran Emigrations From Prussia And Saxony Around 1839
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Die Vereinigte Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Australien ... 1838–1938
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of the three villages. At this meeting, the constitution of the new
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Captain Dirk Hahn and the "Hahndorf" passengers to South Australia
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was settled. Kavel remained in South Australia until his death.
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274:. This group formed the main part of the settlements at
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On 23 and 24 May 1839, Kavel convened a meeting of the
38:(3 September 1798 – 12 February 1860) was a founder of
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school and went on to study theology. In 1826, he was
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left in August 1838 with 187 on board and arrived in
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127:to enquire into the possibility of migrating to
68:(SulechĂłw) in what as then the German state of
100:which many Lutherans believed was against the
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939:High Church Union of the Augsburg Confession
406:Records from the following Lutheran Churches
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96:of the churches and prescribed a form of
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264:immigrants arrived in Adelaide on the
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374:Eremitage: Zeitschrift fĂĽr Literatur
232:. On the arrival of the third ship,
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336:Literature (in English and German)
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244:by many of the passengers from
698:Australia and Papua New Guinea
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451:"SA History Hub: August Kavel"
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223:German settlement in Australia
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989:German emigrants to Australia
472:"The Pioneer German Cemetery"
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217:Settlement in South Australia
80:. Between 1798 and 1840, the
36:August Ludwig Christian Kavel
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720:Lutheran Church of Australia
500:"Tod eines alten Kolonisten"
248:. One of Kavel's followers,
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54:, where he attended the
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426:Nutting, David (2001).
144:South Australia Company
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321:they had no offspring.
290:Division in the Church
142:, the chairman of the
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793:Repristination School
555:Confessional Lutheran
430:. Teachers on the Web
201:on 20 November 1838.
86:Frederick William III
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856:J. C. K. von Hofmann
841:G. C. A. von Harless
609:Lars Levi Laestadius
505:Australische Zeitung
270:, among them Pastor
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851:Gottfried Thomasius
25:August Kavel about
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710:Gotthard Fritzsche
624:N. F. S. Grundtvig
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50:Kavel was born in
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512:10 December
484:10 December
456:10 December
242:Glen Osmond
236:, the town
102:Will of God
72:and is now
40:Lutheranism
30: 1840
958:Categories
659:Background
588:Haugeanism
434:31 October
381:References
82:Protestant
566:Awakening
316:in 1838.
280:Bethanien
246:Catharina
211:Catharina
182:Catharina
66:ZĂĽllichau
558:revivals
302:Langmeil
284:Langmeil
276:Lobethal
238:Hahndorf
195:Plymouth
191:Bengalee
170:Bengalee
62:ordained
647:Germany
230:Klemzig
125:Hamburg
98:worship
70:Prussia
308:Family
267:Skjold
257:elders
129:Russia
78:Poland
74:Klępsk
52:Berlin
234:Zebra
203:Zebra
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458:2017
436:2012
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