Australian Hall - Knowledge

629: 695:. Participants described the ten-point policy statement as the only policy which has the support of the Aborigines themselves. It included a long range policy with recommendations for: Australian Government control of all Aboriginal affairs; the development of a national policy for Aborigines; the appointment of a Commonwealth Minister for Aboriginal Affairs whose aim would be to raise all Aborigines throughout Australian to full citizen status and civil equality with the whites in Australia. The latter included entitlement to: the same educational opportunities; the benefits of labor legislation, including Arbitration Court Awards, workers' compensation and insurance; receiving wages in cash, and not by orders, issue of rations, or apprenticeship systems; old-age and invalid pensions; to own land and property, and to be allowed to save money in personal banking accounts. 1053:

visitors to Sydney a touch of home. Similarly thus can be said for the Greek-Cypriots who later used the club for its cultural and social events. Secondly, the Aboriginal people of Australia have a strong connection to the building for its use in the first organised Aboriginal Civil Rights protest in 1938. Thirdly, and to a lesser extent, the building has a connection with the Knights of the Southern Cross and even the Asian Community of Sydney. Both these groups found a purpose to use the building. The KSC used the building as a place to find employment for Catholic people and also as a call in centre, while the Asian community of Sydney have links to the cinema for its dedication to showing Asian films. Once again, providing a cultural group with a sense of identity outside their homeland.

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commemorates also 150 years of misery and degradation imposed upon the original native inhabitants by the white invaders of this country'. The Day of Mourning identified a significant collection of policy issues impacting on Indigenous people and proposed recommendations for addressing these issues through government action. While there has been some progress, generally the political statements and social issues identified from the Day of Mourning are still relevant to Indigenous people today. Australia Hall, as the site of the Day of Mourning, is outstanding in the course of Australia's cultural history as the first national Indigenous protest which identified issues of continuing relevance to Indigenous people.

38: 603:"The 26th January, 1938, is not a day of rejoicing for Australia's Aborigines; it is a day of mourning. This festival of 150 years' so-called 'progress' in Australia commemorates also 150 years of misery and degradation imposed upon the original native inhabitants by the white invaders of this country. We, representing the Aborigines, now ask you, the reader of this appeal, to pause in the midst of your sesqui-centenary rejoicings and ask yourself honestly whether your "conscience" is clear in regard to the treatment of the Australian blacks by the Australian whites during the period of 150 years' history which you celebrate?" 986:

cultural association Indigenous people have with Australia Hall and the Day of Mourning is demonstrated by the continuous references made by Indigenous leaders from across Australia to this event. It is also shown through the campaign during the 1990s for the recognition of the significance of the building to Indigenous people and the depiction of the Day of Mourning at Reconciliation Place. Indigenous people have a strong association with the Australian Hall, the site of the Day of Mourning, as the first national Indigenous protest which identified social justice issues of continuing relevance to Indigenous people.

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highlighted in these policies, namely Australian Government control of all Aboriginal affairs, formed the basis for the constitutional amendments endorsed by the Australian people in the Referendum of the 27 May 1967. While there has been progress, governments still identify the broad issues raised in these documents as priority areas within Indigenous Affairs (see Ministerial Taskforce on Indigenous Affairs long term vision in Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination 2004; issues identified in Bilateral Agreements between Commonwealth and States/Territories at www.oipc.gov.au/publications/default.asp).

714:"The Day of Mourning protest conference on 26 January 1938 at the Australia Hall marks the first occasion in Australian history that Aboriginal people from different states joined together to campaign for equality and full citizenship rights. Initiated and organised by key figures in two of the early Aboriginal political protest organisations, the Australian Aborigines League and the Aborigines Progressive Association, delegates joined to discuss civil rights and debate a ten-point list of demands aimed at redressing the political and legal disadvantages of Aboriginal people". 977:

exclusion of Aboriginal people from the Australian nation. Since the Day of Mourning in 1938, Indigenous people have continued to use Australia Day celebrations to draw attention to their exclusion from the national consciousness as shown by the 1988 bicentenary protest, one of the largest Indigenous protests in Australia. The Australian Hall, as the site of the Day of Mourning, is outstanding in the course of Australia's cultural history for its association with the first national Indigenous protest seeking the inclusion of Indigenous people in the Australian nation.

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Archdiocese of Australia in the support of charitable organisations, particularly those associated with the Greek Welfare Centre. The Cyprus Club owned the property until 1998. Similarly to previous owners, the Cyprus–Hellenic Club used the premises for cultural and social activities while still sub-letting the old hall, which continued as a cinema with various owners and names until 1988. Over the years, the building accommodated a restaurant, dining and community facilities and the interior of the building was altered on a number of occasions.

683:"WE, representing THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA, assembled in conference at the Australian Hall, Sydney, on the 26th day of January 1938, this being the 150th Anniversary of the Whiteman's seizure of our country, HEREBY MAKE PROTEST against the callous treatment of our people by the whitemen during the past 150 years, AND WE APPEAL to the Australian nation of today to make new laws for the education and care of Aborigines, and we ask for a new policy which will raise our people to FULL CITIZEN STATUS and EQUALITY WITHIN THE COMMUNITY". 1004:

within Australian Society. It was attended by approximately 100 people of Aboriginal Blood and was the beginning of the contemporary Aboriginal Political Movement. Among those who contributed significantly to the movement generally and particularly to the event in the Australian Hall were Mrs Ardler, J Connelly, William Cooper, William Ferguson, Tom Foster, Pearl Gibbs, Helen Grosvenor, Jack Johnson, Jack Kinchela, Bert Marr, Pastor Doug Nicholls, Henry Noble, Jack Patten, Tom Pecham,

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Prime Minister Joseph Lyons four days later and formally began the struggle for indigenous rights. A theatre, art-house cinema and club houses operated from the building until 1999 when it was purchased by the Indigenous Land Trust to house a museum of Aboriginal heroes. The site is important in the Aboriginal and Political history of Australia and is significant for its association with the beginning of the continuing struggle for the rights of Aboriginal people.

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Their combined work produced a significant collection of policy issues impacting on Indigenous people and proposed recommendations for addressing these issues through government action. The political statements associated with the Day of Mourning are still relevant to Indigenous people today. Australia Hall has a special association with the work of the organisers of the Day of Mourning, which is outstanding for its continued relevance to Indigenous people.

1012:. Secondly, it holds significance for the German and Greek-Cypriot communities in Sydney as it allowed visitors and migrants to enjoy cultural and social events. The building also has an association with Australian national and political history in its ownership (1920–79) by the Knights of the Southern Cross, a Catholic fraternal lay group linked with the Catholic Right and, ultimately with the split in the Labor Party in the 1950s. 2192: 2182: 1245: 303: 591: 912:. The rear part of the first floor is occupied by the Mandolin Cinema, the former Australian Hall. The cinema is accessible by a narrow foyer which is adjacent to the northern wall of the building. The first floor cinema foyer and amenities retained much of their original features such as the original floor structure, marble stair and billboard frames. The ceiling, cornice 727:(1997) noted that after reading the documents associated with the Day of Mourning he "was struck either how sophisticated the movement was back then, or how far we have not come" because the issues raised in the material from the Day of Mourning remained fresh propositions. In an article published in a number of metropolitan newspapers on Australia Day in 1998, 568:

experience of living under the control of a protection board on a mission or reserve, and the barriers they faced off these reserves, united the members of these early Aboriginal organisations in their concerns for the lack of civil rights, the growth in the Aboriginal Protection Board's powers and the condition of people remaining in missions and reserves.

426:, called the "Inter-Colonial Conference of Labour" held in January 1900, which formally established a federal party and platform, and adopted the "maintenance of a White Australia" and the "total exclusion of coloured and other undesirable races" as the first plank in the new federal party's "fighting platform" and its "general platform". 657:

when there were restrictions on Aboriginal people's rights of movement and assembly and the delegates from reserves risked imprisonment, expulsion from their homes and loss of their jobs for participating in an event such as this. As a result, some entered through the back door of the building to avoid identification and reprisals.

392:. In 1961 the Australian Hall was renovated and the interior of the building remodelled to turn it into a theatre capable of seating 453 with a raised area at the back to give a balcony effect. The Phillip Theatre broke away from traditional Australian theatre and became a significant force in Australian Theatrical History. 985:

The Day of Mourning played a significant role in the history of Indigenous peoples' struggle for the recognition of their civic rights and is regarded by Indigenous people as one of the most important moments in the history of the Indigenous resistance in the early 20th century. The strong social and

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Over 100 people Aboriginal people attended the Day of Mourning at the Australian Hall. Indigenous people involved in the inception and organisation included prominent Aboriginal leaders of the time such as William Cooper, William Ferguson, Jack Patten, Pearl Gibbs, Margaret Tucker and Doug Nicholls.

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steps and timber floors which are glazed. The club entrance has terrazzo steps with aluminium edge strip. The club doors are of solid timber. The fire exit, constructed during the 1980s has white terrazzo steps and standard fire door. The Nithsdale Street facade walling is rendered and painted. The

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In the early 1990s the owner of the Cyprus Hellene Club planned to demolish most of the building and erect a 34-storey residential development. This proposal started a campaign by Indigenous people and the National Aboriginal History and Heritage Council to protect the building and gain recognition

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The building is a rare example of a European building that is of heritage significance to both Aboriginal and European communities, but particularly to Aboriginal people. It is of State significance as a rare example of a venue for club, social, recreational and entertainment purposes which was in

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The ambiguous relationship between Indigenous people and the Australian nation remains an issue for Indigenous people. The choice of holding the Day of Mourning on Australia Day, the national holiday celebrating the arrival of the first fleet and the birth of Australia as a nation, highlighted the

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The main entry to the former Cyprus-Hellenic Club opens into a foyer and reception office. The major part of the ground floor is occupied by a large bar/club with games area and a restaurant/auditorium with a small stage and dance floor. Also located on this floor is a kitchen, cool room, toilets,

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While delegates did not watch the re-enactment, they were required to watch a pageant at the Sydney Town Hall. After watching this pageant, delegates for the Day of Mourning walked to Australia Hall. Two police officers guarded the front door of the building. The Day of Mourning was held at a time

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have been treated differently to the general Australian population; denied the basic concession of equality with whites and rarely given full protection before the law. Indigenous people have long resisted and protested against European settlement of their country. Early protests were initiated by

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In the early 1970s the theatre was the only exclusively live theatre remaining in the city but it was hard to find shows suitable for a venue of its size. The site became the Rivoli Cinema in 1974. Changes were made to the auditorium and foyer to make it more of a cinema rather than a live theatre

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The Australian Hall is of State significance as the site of the National "Day of Mourning" - the first organised Aboriginal Civil Rights protest. They met in 1938 to debate a ten-point list of demands aimed at changing the then current disadvantages to Aboriginal People. The list was presented to

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The building holds architectural significance as it still contains some examples of original architecture. It is a good example of Federation Romanesque style. The interior also contains examples of certain features that could date from the original construction in the 1920s and also has features

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The second floor is occupied by a large function room, toilets at the rear, a kitchen and an unused board room along the northern boundary wall. Surviving original fabric includes timber floor structure, original wall surfaces along the southern and northern walls, timber windows, window joinery,

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In the 1930s demanding the same rights as white Australians, when Indigenous people were subject to severe restrictions and punitive sanctions, constituted a radical claim in Australia and challenged the premise of the dominant racial order. The Day of Mourning is therefore regarded as one of the

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The pamphlet asked the reader to acknowledge the impact of the "protection" approach, the restrictions that it continued to place on Aboriginal people's rights, and to be proud of the Australian Aborigines and not misled by the superstition that they are a naturally backward and low race. It also

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The Cyprus-Hellenic Club is of State significance for its strong connections with several groups throughout its history. Firstly, the German Concordia Club used the building for cultural and social events allowing their culture to continue outside their homeland and providing German migrants and

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The Cyprus-Hellene Club holds State social significance for at least three groups of people. Firstly, the building holds social significance for the Aboriginal People for its role in the 1938 "Day of Mourning" meeting. This event was the first protest by Aboriginal people for equal opportunities

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Since European settlement, Indigenous people have been treated differently to the general Australian population; denied the basic concession of equality and rarely given full protection before the law. While Indigenous groups have long resisted and protested against this inequality, up until the

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The basement extends for half the depth of the building and the ground along the northern and southern site boundaries is un-excavated at basement level. The ground and first floors extend the full depth of the site with the former Australian Hall occupying the rear half of the first floor. Main

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The Day of Mourning not only produced political statements that remain current, it also highlighted the exclusion of Indigenous people from the Australian nation. The ambiguous relationship between Indigenous people and the Australian nation remains an issue for Indigenous people. As a result,

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Although it brought about little change in the years immediately following 1938, the Day of Mourning produced a comprehensive collection of key policies that identified impacts on the lives of Aboriginal people at the time and recommendations for how they should be addressed. One of the issues

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The AAL and APA widely promoted the Day of Mourning through radio interviews and other media. To encourage Aboriginal people to attend, Jack Patten and William Ferguson took turns in touring the reserves to promote it. Jack Patten and William Ferguson also published a 12-page pamphlet entitled

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While living off an Aboriginal reserve provided some level of freedom, these Aboriginal people experienced the full force of laws that impacted on the ability of Indigenous people to find employment, receive equal wages, seek unemployment relief and the ability to purchase or own property. The

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Coinciding with the 1938 sesquicentenary celebrations for Australia Day, members of the Aboriginal Advancement League and the Aboriginal Progressive Association held the first national Indigenous protest, the Day of Mourning, to highlight that the "150 years" so-called "progress" in Australia

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The key members of both these organisations shared common life experiences; they grew up on missions or reserves controlled by protection boards but were either expelled on disciplinary grounds or left to find work. The majority of these people had at one time resided at Cummeragunja and/or

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appear to be original too. The former dance hall, which was adapted to the use as a theatre in 1961 and to the cinema use in 1974, retains much of its original fabric. These are the wall fabric to external walls, the surviving original wall detailing such as blind arches and remaining wall

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as the Cyprus Hellene Club, a Greek organisation offering cultural and social links for its members. The club was and still is instrumental in promoting and maintaining the Cypriot culture in Australia. The Cyprus Club and use of the building were directly connected with the Greek Orthodox

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two windows at the second floor have segmental arched face brick heads. Two windows behind the Mandolin cinema screen and part of the opening which was probably a fire exit or receiving dock have been bricked up. The roof is corrugated asbestos above the western part of the building and

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The building was initially built to be used as a meeting place for cultural and social activities and was continuously used for these events including cinema and theatre. It is a rare example of a purpose built building in Sydney continuously used for its initial purpose.

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The basement comprises store rooms, cool rooms and toilets. Cool rooms and store rooms have cement floors and cement rendered walls. Although the spatial arrangement and much of the visible fabric date from later alterations, some wall sections appear to be original.

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The long range policy also identified the need for Aboriginal land settlements including tuition in areas of agriculture and financial assistance to generate self-supporting Aboriginal farmers. While opposing a policy of segregation, it advocated the retention of

625:, but were able to rent the Australia Hall at 150-152 Elizabeth Street. The use of Australia Hall was granted on condition that the delegates watched the sesquicentennial parade from the Town Hall steps and then marched behind the parade to the Australian Hall. 755:

Indigenous people have continued to use Australia Day and other foundation anniversaries to draw attention to their exclusion from the national consciousness: in 1970 a second Day of Mourning was held to demonstrate against Sydney's bicentenary celebrations of

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The organisers distributed approximately 2,000 leaflets and posters advertising the Day of Mourning which advised that "Aborigines and persons of Aboriginal blood only are invited to attend". The organisers were denied permission to hold the Day of Mourning in

616:"We ask you white Australians for justice, fair play and decency, and we speak for 80,000 human beings in your midst. We ask—and we have every right to demand—that you should include us, fully and equally with yourselves, in the body of the Australian nation". 903:

The front part of the first floor comprises the board room, snooker room, bar area, a small kitchen and toilets. Original elements surviving timber floor structure, the arched and square timber windows to Elizabeth Street and joinery such as frames, shashes,

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stone dressings. The building originally formed part of a Federation period streetscape group known as the Elizabeth Street Precinct. The entire building, although internally altered over the years, remains substantially intact. The symmetrical

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The building is in a good condition. Modifications to the interior of the building have not affected its heritage significance in connection to the Day of Mourning. The front of the ground floor has undergone modernisation and has a suspended

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storeroom and an exit passage to Nithsdale Street. The club premises were completely refitted in the mid-1980s and most of the finishes date from this latest alteration. Original elements include the plastered and painted side walls, recessed

599:"Aborigines Claim Citizen Rights" to promote the purpose of the Day of Mourning amongst non-Indigenous people. This "manifesto" has been described as perhaps the most bitter of Aboriginal protests. It explained the significance of the action: 863:

and one lift provide access to all levels of the building. The lift dates from the 1960s alteration. The stair has terrazzo steps. The other fire stair, located in the former light-well, was constructed in the mid-1980s and has tiled steps.

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decoration, hidden behind false walling and the suspended ceiling. Other original elements include the timber floor structure, windows in the rear wall, mouldings, skirtings and architraves. However, nothing remains of the original stage.

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being identified with the Chinese community, the Rivoli was let to Chinese interests who reopened in 1976 as the Mandarin Cinema, showing Chinese language films and in 1989 the Australian Hall became the home of the Mandolin Cinema.

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A number of contemporary Indigenous leaders also recognise that the key policy issues identified at the Day of Mourning remain relevant to Indigenous people today. In a speech at the Australian Reconciliation Convention,

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noted that while advances have been made in relation to Indigenous affairs since the Day of Mourning, many of the underlying issues remain, including improvements to the health and economic opportunities in communities.

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and original ceiling panels. The main spaces on the ground floor have carpeted floors while the cinema entrance foyer features black and white lino tile flooring, papered wall and decorative plastered ceiling with

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began a decade long protest against the management and closure of the reserve using letters to the editors of daily newspapers and government ministers as well as seeking support from humanitarian organisations.

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architraves and skirtings. The acoustic tiled suspended ceiling above the board room is ruined. Similarly to the first floor, the finishes and fit out of the toilets dates from an earlier (1970s) alteration.

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reserve to participate in the re-enactment of the arrival of Governor Phillip at Port Jackson as this was a safer option then using Aboriginal people from the Sydney area. These people were housed at the

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also using letters and petitions to lobby for the allocation of parcels of land within the reserve to families so that they would be responsible for farming their allocated parcel.

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The call at the Day of Mourning for recognition of "full citizen status" and "equality within the community" still recurs in the numerous government reports including those of the

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Site report: building at 150-152 Elizabeth St, Sydney, venue of the 'Day of Mourning' Aboriginal conference January 26, 1938. Unpublished Report to Australian Heritage Commission

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After several years of inquiries and objections, the NSW Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning made a Permanent Conservation Order over parts of the building. In 1998 the

1939: 380:, a Catholic fraternal lay group linked with the Catholic Right. In 1922 the name of the hall in the building was changed from Miss Bishop's Hall to the Australian Hall. 834: 136: 508:

A new dynamic began in the late 1920s with the creation of regional and state based Aboriginal controlled organisations. The first of these was the short lived

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It was the location of the 26th National Conference of the Australian Labor Party in 1965, when the White Australia policy was abolished from the ALP platform.

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The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.

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The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

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continuous use for that purpose since its erection until recently. It is rare for the use by a number of social institutions related to ethnic groups.

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which William Ferguson from the APA also attended. During this meeting the two groups agreed to hold a protest conference in Sydney to coincide with

445:, a Commonwealth statutory authority, purchased the building on behalf of the Metropolitan Aboriginal Association Inc, who now manages the building. 3016: 3001: 2355: 1870: 740: 1703: 1044:

The Cyprus-Hellene Club is of State significance as the site of the 1938 Day of Mourning, which sparked the modern Aboriginal political movement.

512:(AAPA), founded on the mid north coast of New South Wales (NSW) by Fred Maynard. Subsequent state based organisations were formed in NSW with the 473:

and other Government officials, protesting against the living conditions and administration of Wybalenna. Similarly in the mid 1870s residents of

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as identified by Apperley, Irving and Reynolds. In consistency with the style it features two contrasting materials, face brick and rusticated

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The former Australia Hall occupies the rear of the first floor; its interior and that of the entrance lobby and foyer both retain original

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On 31 January 1938, a delegation presented this resolution, and a ten-point policy statement developed at the Day of Mourning, to the

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The building that houses the Australian Hall was erected in 1910–1913 for the Concordia German Club. It was purchased in 1920 by the

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made explicit that the choice of holding the Day of Mourning on Australia Day, the national holiday celebrating the arrival of the

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Scoping an approach to identifying national heritage significance for sites associated with recognizing Indigenous rights (Report)

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Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander History, Society and Culture, Aboriginal Studies Press

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One of the earliest examples of this form of protest was during the mid 1840s at the Aboriginal reserve called Wybalenna on

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and the birth of Australia as a nation, was to highlight the exclusion of Aboriginal people from the Australian nation:

513: 470: 841:. The sandstone has all been painted and the brick left unpainted. There are three entrances. The cinema entrance has 3021: 2616: 2606: 2601: 2488: 2466: 2252: 961: 361: 161: 1981:. Canberra: Dept. of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination. 1850: 1824:

The Romance of the house of Foy: published in connection with the golden jubilee of Mark Foy's Ltd, Sydney 1885-1935

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residents of missions and reserves as a result of local issues and took the form of letters, petitions and appeals.

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access to the hall if from Elizabeth Street. The second floor extends for half the depth of the site. Two isolated

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After a number of statements by participants, they unanimously endorsed a resolution demanding full citizen rights:

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The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.

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The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

774:) in a call for national land rights, sovereignty and self-determination; and the anti-bicentenary protests on 771: 2543: 2448: 2257: 793:

The Cyprus Hellene Club, the building which houses Australia Hall, is a three-storey masonry building in the

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This pattern of protests focusing on local concerns continued during the 1880s and 1890s with residents of

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The building was constructed on the full site area, has three storeys above ground and a basement and has

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The Knights of the Southern Cross sold the building in 1979 to the Hellenic Club and it was then used by

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Police Barracks and were not allowed any contact with "disruptive influences" before the re-enactment.

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of the significance of the building to Indigenous people for its association with the Day of Mourning.

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Aborigines Claim Citizens Rights!: a statement of the case for the Aborigines Progressive Association

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decorative elements possibly dating from the 1920s. The front entrance and back door survive intact.

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Sutherland, T. (13 February 1998). "City birthplace of black civil rights saved from developers".

1252: 644:"who will put the Aborigines to flight". The Government had brought in Aboriginal people from the 2876: 2689: 2643: 2638: 2568: 794: 763: 748: 131: 1831:

Joint Committee on Native Title and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Land Fund (1999).

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to Elizabeth Street has bold modelling and textures, due to its semi-circular arches, segmental

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It was in this environment that in November 1937 William Cooper called a meeting of the AAL in

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published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under

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most important moments in the history of the Indigenous resistance in the early 20th century.

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Jumbunna Centre for Australian, Indigenous Studies, Education and Research (JCAISER) (1994).

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Conservation Management Plan and Heritage Impact Assessment: 150-152 Elizabeth Street, Sydney

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Hinkson, M. (2002). "Exploring 'Aboriginal' sites in Sydney: a shifting politics of place".

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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under

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to Elizabeth Street and Nithsdale Street. The Elizabeth Street facade has a suspended steel

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A full report of the Day of Mourning appeared in the first issue of the monthly Australian

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The Cyprus Hellene Club - Australian Hall is located at 150-152 Elizabeth Street, Sydney.

8: 2769: 2653: 2558: 2483: 700: 1642:(Speech). Opening ceremony of the Australian Reconciliation Convention, 1997. Melbourne. 2950: 2911: 2764: 2628: 2518: 1986: 1860: 2074: 1807: 2881: 2871: 2774: 2593: 2398: 2327: 1674:

Cultural Heritage Centre for Asia and the Pacific, Deakin University (CHCAP) (2004).

751:, the Barunga Statement, the Eva Valley Statement and the Boomanulla Oval Statement. 710:, the first newspaper published by Aboriginal people to voice their views. It stated: 673: 1790: 422:

It was the site (as the then Hellenic Club) of the first national conference of the

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Cyprus-Hellene Club; Australian Hall; Aboriginal Day of Mourning Site; Concord Club;

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Langton, M. L. (1987). "The Day of Mourning". In Spearitt, P.; Gammage, B. (eds.).

1699: 728: 622: 525: 2040:(Speech). Paper presented to Australian Reconciliation Convention 1997. Melbourne. 636:

The official Australia Day celebrations included a re-enactment of the arrival of

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O'Brien, G. (26 April 1997). "Where Aborigines took a stand, another one looms".

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Jumbunna Centre for Australian, Indigenous Studies, Education and Research, 1994.

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Over 100 people attended the Day of Mourning from throughout NSW, Victoria and

637: 553: 466: 415: 60: 20: 1892: 1763:

Horner, J. (1980). "Aborigines and the sesquicentenary: the Day of Mourning".

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Invasion to Embassy: land in Aboriginal politics in New South Wales, 1770-1972

2980: 2433: 580: 92: 79: 2814: 2563: 2478: 2231: 2145: 2045: 2033: 917: 807: 724: 641: 2965: 2523: 2372: 2059: 1635: 905: 609: 576: 564:. It became a focal point for intensifying Aboriginal resistance in NSW. 541: 537: 1976: 1727:. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin in association with Black Books. 1683: 756: 669: 474: 56: 1743:

Aboriginal Sydney: a guide to important places of the past and present

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Jopson, Debra (2003). "Blood feud over black Australia's city icon".

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Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

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Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

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is still one of the largest Indigenous protest marches in Australia.

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Thinking Black: William Cooper and the Australian Aboriginies League

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above which fabric is intact. The facade has the characteristics of

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A blackboard displayed outside the hall proclaims, "Day of Mourning"

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The next significant change to the site on Elizabeth Street was the

2152: 2125: 767: 707: 888: 500: 2062:(31 January 2004). "Whatever you do Mark don't talk of unions". 590: 2191: 2181: 1833:

Review of the Indigenous Land Corporation Annual Report 1997-98

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Heritage Information Series: Assessing Historical Associations

1940:"Reconciliation place: a lasting symbol of our shared journey" 1244: 957:

1920s these protests were generally focused on local issues.

1928: 1731: 1269:

Commissioners of Inquiry for Environment and Planning, 1995.

2090:"Cyprus Hellene Club & Australia Hall (Place ID 19576)" 324:

is a heritage-listed community building located at 150–152

310:

Location of Australian Hall (Cyprus–Hellene Club) in Sydney

2017:

The Australian Abo call : the voice of the Aborigines

1937: 1882:. Broadway, Sydney: Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates. 1688:

Beyond the Mourning Gate —Dealing with Unfinished Business

2750: 2010:. Sydney: Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs New South Wales. 2008:

Survival: A history of Aboriginal life in New South Wales

1598:

The Struggle for Aboriginal Rights: A Documentary History

1151:"Cyprus Hellene Club - Australian Hall (Place ID 105937)" 1027:

on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

2072: 2038:

Seminar Session 3: A national document of reconciliation

2023: 964:

on 20 May 2008 having satisfied the following criteria.

960:

Cyprus Hellene Club - Australian Hall was listed on the

1667:

Going Forward, Social Justice for the first Australians

583:

26 January 1938. They decided to call this protest the

465:. Residents of Wybalenna sent letters and petitions to 16:

Heritage-listed community building in Sydney, Australia

998: 672:. Telegrams of support for this action also came from 1835:. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. 1669:. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. 1604: 1595: 2048:(25 August 2007). "Over 200 years without a place". 951: 762:; Australia Day in 1972 saw the establishment of an 520:(AAL). Key founders of these organisations included 1956: 1678:. Canberra: Department of Environment and Heritage. 747:, as well as the Indigenous statements such as the 1977:Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination (2004). 741:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commissions 448: 436: 409: 2978: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1451: 1449: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1386: 1384: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 2129:This Knowledge article was originally based on 1965: 1765:Australia 1938: A Bicentennial History Bulletin 1290: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1272: 1265: 1263: 1261: 552:missions in NSW and a number also had lived at 2156:This Knowledge article contains material from 2106: 1877: 1665:Council for Australian Reconciliation (1995). 1349: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1302: 1300: 556:, an Aboriginal squatter's camp south-west of 2217: 2014: 1698: 1567: 1553: 1544: 1530: 1507: 1498: 1467: 1458: 1446: 1428: 1402: 1381: 1365: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1095: 766:on the lawns of the then Parliament House in 510:Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association 344:on 26 January 1938. It was also known as the 1613: 1356: 1281: 1258: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1093: 1091: 1089: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1075: 383: 2579:Royal Automobile Club of Australia building 2044: 2032: 2005: 1907: 1869:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1826:. Sydney: Harbour Newspaper and Publishing. 1808:"Day of Mourning Protest (26 January 1938)" 1749: 1740: 1722: 1655: 1646: 1634: 1586: 1340: 1318: 1309: 1297: 703:as a sanctuary for some Aboriginal people. 2946:Little Hunter and Hamilton Street Precinct 2224: 2210: 1886: 1865:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1771: 1762: 1682: 594:Poster promoting the Day of Mourning, 1938 36: 1889:"Aboriginal history 'didn't end in 1788'" 1805: 1784: 1676:Creating an Australian Democracy (Report) 1174: 1072: 664:The Aboriginal meeting in Australian Hall 348:until 1998. The property is owned by the 1660:. Roseville, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia. 1231:Department of Planning & Environment 659: 627: 589: 499: 3017:Entertainment venues in New South Wales 3002:New South Wales State Heritage Register 2263:Clarence Street Police Station (former) 2162:New South Wales State Heritage Register 1929:Muir, K.; Marnta Media Pty Ltd (2003). 1821: 1226:New South Wales State Heritage Register 1025:New South Wales State Heritage Register 739:, the Social Justice Commissioner, the 366:New South Wales State Heritage Register 302: 2992:Community buildings in New South Wales 2979: 2058: 1979:New arrangements in Indigenous affairs 1839: 1219: 1023:Cyprus-Hellene Club was listed on the 2921:Other significant historical features 2205: 2131:Cyprus Hellene Club - Australian Hall 1745:. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press. 1732:Graham Brooks and Associates (1999). 1609:. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press. 1149: 745:Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation 172:Cyprus Hellene Club - Australian Hall 31:Australian Hall (Cyprus–Hellene Club) 2704:Churches and other places of worship 2088: 1704:"60 Years On, Another 10 Point Plan" 364:on 20 May 2008 and was added to the 336:, Australia. It was the site of the 2865:Cultural institutions and parklands 2318:Health Department building (former) 2024:Patten, J. T.; Ferguson W. (1938). 1938:National Capital Authority (n.d.). 1020:from each of the renovations since 999:New South Wales State Heritage List 946: 395: 13: 3032:Office buildings completed in 1913 2549:Perpetual Trustee Company building 1961:. Parramatta: NSW Heritage Office. 1910:"Contested Spaces Contested Times" 1787:"Black Power in Redfern 1968-1972" 514:Aborigines Progressive Association 14: 3043: 2987:Australian National Heritage List 2489:Hawken and Vance Produce Exchange 2378:Sydney Water Head Office (former) 2175: 2073:Reason in Revolt Project (2007). 1933:. Australian Heritage Commission. 962:Australian National Heritage List 952:Australian National Heritage List 362:Australian National Heritage List 209:New South Wales Heritage Register 162:Australian National Heritage List 3027:1913 establishments in Australia 2273:Department of Education Building 2233:Sydney central business district 2190: 2180: 2151: 2124: 1616:"The Urban Aboriginal Landscape" 1605:Attwood, B.; Markus, A. (2004). 1596:Attwood, B.; Markus, A. (1999). 1243: 330:Sydney central business district 301: 294: 1580: 1521: 1489: 1393: 1362:Reason in Revolt Project, 2007. 990:Criterion H: Significant people 516:(APA) and in Victoria with the 19:For the building in Malta, see 2907:Sydney Conservatorium of Music 2856:Railway Square road overbridge 2624:Sydney School of Arts building 2419:Bathurst Street (Nos. 107–109) 2171:, accessed on 13 October 2018. 2148:, accessed on 13 October 2018. 2118: 1649:Aborigines and Political Power 968:Criterion A: Events, Processes 785: 449:History of the Day of Mourning 437:Indigenous community ownership 410:Cyprus–Hellenic Club 1979–1998 1: 3012:Clubhouses in New South Wales 2544:New South Wales Club building 2449:Erskine Street Police Station 2133:, entry number 105937 in the 2019:. Sydney: John Thomas Patten. 1600:. Australia: Allen and Unwin. 1591:. Australia: Allen and Unwin. 1065: 518:Aboriginal Advancement League 378:Knights of the Southern Cross 2841:Martin Place railway station 2338:Registrar-General's building 2278:Department of Lands Building 2135:Australian Heritage Database 2095:Australian Heritage Database 2015:Patten, J. T. (April 1938). 1957:NSW Heritage Office (2000). 1651:. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. 1443:NSW Heritage Office, 2000:9. 1156:Australian Heritage Database 933: 7: 2589:State Savings Bank building 2197:Day of Mourning (Australia) 795:Federation Romanesque style 562:Aborigines Protection Board 453:Since European settlement, 443:Indigenous Land Corporation 350:Indigenous Land Corporation 150:Indigenous Land Corporation 132:Federation Romanesque style 10: 3048: 3007:Office buildings in Sydney 2736:Pitt Street Uniting Church 2383:Treasury building (former) 2258:Chief Secretary's Building 2160:, entry number 773 in the 810:and rock faced stonework. 371: 18: 2997:Former theatres in Sydney 2920: 2887:Justice and Police Museum 2864: 2823: 2749: 2716:Christ Church St Laurence 2703: 2677: 2644:Trickett's Hotel (former) 2424:Bulletin Place warehouses 2391: 2253:Central Local Court House 2240: 2139:Commonwealth of Australia 2065:The Sydney Morning Herald 1969:The Sydney Morning Herald 1843:The Sydney Morning Herald 981:Criterion G: Social value 693:Minister for the Interior 579:celebrations planned for 384:Phillip Theatre 1961–1974 289: 285: 281: 273: 265: 257: 249: 241: 231: 223: 215: 206: 202: 192: 184: 180:Listed place (Indigenous) 176: 168: 159: 155: 145: 124: 116: 108: 71: 47: 35: 30: 3022:Elizabeth Street, Sydney 2956:Sharpies Golf House Sign 2928:Darling Harbour Carousel 2836:St James railway station 2824:Transport infrastructure 2333:Parliament House, Sydney 2028:. Sydney: The Publicist. 1772:Horton, D., ed. (1994). 760:"discovery" of Australia 390:Phillip (Street) Theatre 2831:Central railway station 2690:Phillip Street Terraces 2569:Queen Victoria Building 764:Aboriginal Tent Embassy 737:Human Rights Commission 489:in New South Wales and 2846:Museum railway station 2288:First Government House 2235:historical attractions 749:Yirrkala Bark Petition 716: 685: 665: 633: 618: 605: 595: 505: 455:Indigenous Australians 424:Australian Labor Party 360:. It was added to the 342:Aboriginal Australians 227:State heritage (built) 125:Architectural style(s) 2711:St Andrew's Cathedral 2695:Young Street Terraces 2678:Residential buildings 2509:John Bridge Woolstore 2347:Supreme Court of NSW 2313:Haymarket Post Office 2199:at Wikimedia Commons 2189:at Wikimedia Commons 2100:Australian Government 2075:"Salt Pan Creek Camp" 1614:Behrendt, L. (n.d.). 1589:Rights for Aborigines 1221:"Cyprus-Hellene Club" 1161:Australian Government 835:Federation Free Style 776:Australia Day in 1988 712: 681: 663: 631: 614: 601: 593: 503: 358:Australian Government 354:statutory corporation 137:Federation Free Style 120:Concordia German Club 2897:Royal Botanic Garden 2892:Macquarie Place Park 2429:Burns Philp building 2392:Commercial buildings 2343:State Library of NSW 2241:Government buildings 2006:Parbury, N. (1986). 1908:Mesnage, G. (1998). 1793:on 28 September 2007 1741:Hinkson, M. (2001). 1723:Goodall, H. (1996). 1656:Burgess, C. (2002). 1647:Bennett, S. (1989). 1587:Attwood, B. (2003). 772:Old Parliament House 93:33.8779°S 151.2098°E 2741:St Stephen's Church 2731:St Mary's Cathedral 2559:Public Trust Office 2504:International House 2293:General Post Office 2158:Cyprus-Hellene Club 1916:on 2 September 2007 1887:Martin, C. (1996). 1710:on 2 September 2007 1622:on 2 September 2007 701:Aboriginal Reserves 346:Cyprus–Hellene Club 89: / 2584:Sir Stamford Hotel 2323:Hyde Park Barracks 2051:Weekend Australian 1997:has generic name ( 1895:on 19 October 2008 1806:Foley, G. (2005). 1785:Foley, G. (2001). 1752:Aboriginal History 1504:Goodall, 1996:243. 1464:Parbury, 1986:107. 666: 634: 596: 506: 471:Colonial Secretary 250:Reference no. 193:Reference no. 98:-33.8779; 151.2098 2974: 2973: 2872:Australian Museum 2514:Judges House, The 2361:Old Registry Wing 2328:Hyde Park Obelisk 2195:Media related to 2185:Media related to 2137:published by the 1880:Australians, 1938 1495:Burgess, 2002:20. 674:Western Australia 368:on 2 April 1999. 318: 317: 3039: 2961:Sydney Town Hall 2726:St James' Church 2529:Metters Building 2494:Hinchcliff House 2484:Grahame's Corner 2298:Government House 2226: 2219: 2212: 2203: 2202: 2194: 2184: 2155: 2128: 2114: 2103: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2069: 2055: 2041: 2029: 2020: 2011: 2002: 1996: 1992: 1990: 1982: 1973: 1962: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1944: 1934: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1912:. Archived from 1904: 1902: 1900: 1891:. Archived from 1883: 1874: 1864: 1856: 1847: 1836: 1827: 1822:Foy, M. (1935). 1818: 1816: 1814: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1789:. Archived from 1781: 1768: 1759: 1746: 1737: 1728: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1706:. Archived from 1695: 1679: 1670: 1661: 1652: 1643: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1618:. Archived from 1610: 1601: 1592: 1574: 1571: 1565: 1562: 1551: 1548: 1542: 1539: 1528: 1525: 1519: 1518:Djerrkura, 1998. 1516: 1505: 1502: 1496: 1493: 1487: 1484: 1465: 1462: 1456: 1453: 1444: 1441: 1426: 1419: 1400: 1399:Rowley, 1972:79. 1397: 1391: 1388: 1379: 1376: 1363: 1360: 1354: 1351: 1338: 1331: 1316: 1313: 1307: 1304: 1295: 1292: 1279: 1276: 1270: 1267: 1256: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1217: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1147: 947:Heritage listing 850:above the hall. 797:with the use of 729:Gatjil Djerrkura 638:Governor Phillip 623:Sydney Town Hall 534:William Ferguson 396:Cinema 1974—1998 326:Elizabeth Street 305: 304: 298: 104: 103: 101: 100: 99: 94: 90: 87: 86: 85: 82: 53:Elizabeth Street 40: 28: 27: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3037: 3036: 2977: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2951:Man O'War Steps 2916: 2877:Capitol Theatre 2860: 2819: 2745: 2721:Great Synagogue 2699: 2673: 2639:Transport House 2634:The Sydney Club 2574:Red Cross House 2499:Hong Kong House 2414:Australian Hall 2387: 2368:Sydney Cenotaph 2236: 2230: 2187:Australian Hall 2178: 2121: 2079: 2077: 1994: 1993: 1984: 1983: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1919: 1917: 1898: 1896: 1858: 1857: 1812: 1810: 1796: 1794: 1713: 1711: 1625: 1623: 1583: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1554: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1447: 1442: 1429: 1420: 1403: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1382: 1377: 1366: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1341: 1332: 1319: 1314: 1310: 1306:Bennett, 1989:3 1305: 1298: 1293: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1259: 1236: 1234: 1218: 1175: 1165: 1163: 1148: 1073: 1068: 1010:Margaret Tucker 1001: 954: 949: 936: 848:corrugated iron 788: 585:Day of Mourning 577:sesquicentenary 530:Margaret Tucker 495:South Australia 463:Flinders Island 451: 439: 412: 398: 386: 374: 338:Day of Mourning 334:New South Wales 322:Australian Hall 314: 313: 312: 311: 308: 307: 306: 211: 164: 141: 97: 95: 91: 88: 83: 80: 78: 76: 75: 65:New South Wales 43: 42:Australian Hall 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3045: 3035: 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2413: 2404:APA building 2306:Nos. 181–187 2179: 2113:. p. 6. 2108: 2093: 2080:10 September 2078:. Retrieved 2063: 2060:Ramsey, Alan 2049: 2037: 2025: 2016: 2007: 1978: 1972:. p. 9. 1967: 1958: 1948:10 September 1946:. Retrieved 1930: 1920:10 September 1918:. Retrieved 1914:the original 1899:10 September 1897:. Retrieved 1893:the original 1879: 1852: 1841: 1832: 1823: 1813:10 September 1811:. Retrieved 1797:10 September 1795:. Retrieved 1791:the original 1776:. Canberra: 1773: 1764: 1755: 1751: 1742: 1733: 1724: 1714:10 September 1712:. Retrieved 1708:the original 1690:. Canberra: 1687: 1675: 1666: 1657: 1648: 1639: 1626:10 September 1624:. Retrieved 1620:the original 1606: 1597: 1588: 1581:Bibliography 1569: 1546: 1541:Foley, 2005. 1523: 1500: 1491: 1460: 1422: 1395: 1358: 1334: 1315:Foley, 2001. 1311: 1278:Ramsey, 2004 1274: 1235:. Retrieved 1224: 1164:. 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Canberra. 1767:(3): 44–51. 1636:Beazley, K. 906:architraves 899:First Floor 786:Description 640:by boat at 610:First Fleet 550:Warrangesda 542:Pearl Gibbs 538:Jack Patten 261:Hall Public 188:20 May 2008 96: / 84:151°12′35″E 72:Coordinates 67:, Australia 2981:Categories 2912:The Domain 2753:and hotels 2519:Kyle House 1684:Dodson, P. 1550:Foy, 1935. 1237:13 October 1166:13 October 1066:References 799:rusticated 670:Queensland 475:Coranderrk 277:J. Ptolemy 269:Aboriginal 242:Designated 185:Designated 81:33°52′40″S 57:Sydney CBD 2882:Hyde Park 2795:Hotel CBD 2790:Hollywood 2409:AWA Tower 2399:AMA House 2166:CC-BY 4.0 2143:CC-BY 4.0 1987:cite book 1861:cite book 1333:Attwood, 1250:CC-BY 4.0 934:Condition 910:skirtings 839:sandstone 815:Classical 573:Melbourne 491:Poonindie 403:Haymarket 328:, in the 117:Built for 112:1910–1913 2941:Memorial 2937:I – SMS 2810:Skinners 2760:Arthouse 2036:(1997). 1758:: 63–77. 1702:(1998). 1686:(2000). 1658:Protests 1640:Untitled 1638:(1997). 1421:Patten, 1233:. H00773 893:brackets 868:Basement 854:Interior 821:Exterior 768:Canberra 743:and the 708:Abo Call 691:and the 646:Menindee 479:Victoria 469:and the 274:Builders 266:Category 232:Criteria 51:150–152 48:Location 2612:No. 161 2472:No. 354 2462:No. 343 2457:No. 341 2169:licence 2146:licence 2102:. 1996. 1425:, 1938. 1337:, 1999. 1253:licence 889:cornice 884:alcoves 827:facades 651:Redfern 372:History 356:of the 2935:Sydney 2815:Sussex 2785:George 2667:No. 73 2662:No. 22 941:awning 914:frieze 861:stairs 843:marble 831:awning 804:facade 558:Sydney 197:105937 2939:Emden 2933:HMAS 2780:Grace 1943:(PDF) 1423:et al 1335:et al 770:(now 332:, in 146:Owner 109:Built 2751:Pubs 2082:2007 1999:help 1950:2007 1922:2007 1901:2007 1871:link 1867:link 1815:2007 1799:2007 1716:2007 1628:2007 1239:2018 1168:2018 1008:and 916:and 891:and 540:and 352:, a 320:The 258:Type 224:Type 177:Type 493:in 477:in 253:773 2983:: 2098:. 2092:. 1991:: 1989:}} 1985:{{ 1863:}} 1859:{{ 1756:26 1754:. 1555:^ 1532:^ 1509:^ 1469:^ 1448:^ 1430:^ 1404:^ 1383:^ 1367:^ 1342:^ 1320:^ 1299:^ 1283:^ 1260:^ 1229:. 1223:. 1176:^ 1159:. 1153:. 1074:^ 943:. 895:. 587:. 544:. 536:, 532:, 528:, 524:, 63:, 59:, 55:, 2225:e 2218:t 2211:v 2084:. 2068:. 2054:. 2001:) 1952:. 1924:. 1903:. 1873:) 1846:. 1817:. 1801:. 1780:. 1736:. 1718:. 1694:. 1630:. 1255:. 1241:. 1170:. 23:.

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