375:
51:
215:
380:
1028:
1405:, which is Australia's highest formal governmental body. In practice, the Federal Executive Council meets solely to endorse and give legal force to decisions already made by the cabinet. All members of the cabinet are members of the Executive Council. A senior member of the cabinet holds the office of vice-president of the Executive Council and acts as presiding officer of the Executive Council in the absence of the governor-general.
152:
1475:, and the prime minister would retain the right to allocate portfolios. This practice was followed until 2007. Between 1907 and 2007, Labor prime ministers exercised a predominant influence over who was elected to Labor ministries, although the leaders of the party factions also exercised considerable influence. However, in 2007 Prime Minister
1518:
in 1931, always appointed according to the advice of federal ministers, rather than
British ministers). Members of the government do not exercise executive power of their own accord but are instead appointed by the governor-general as ministers, formally as the "Queen's Ministers of State". As such,
1301:
Unlike the other two branches of government, however, membership of the executive is not clearly defined. One definition describes the executive as a pyramid, consisting of three layers. At the top stands The King, as the symbolic apex and formal repository of executive power. Below him lies a second
1513:
formulation) to the "dignified" rather than the "efficient" part of government. While the executive power of the
Commonwealth is formally vested in the monarch, the Constitution requires those powers to be exercisable by a governor-general, appointed by the monarch as their representative (but since
1377:
Ministers drawn from the
Australian Parliament form the core of the Australian Government. A subset of these ministers form the Cabinet, the de facto highest executive body of the government. Ministers not part of Cabinet belong to the outer ministry. Additionally, there are also assistant ministers
1328:
in nature. The key distinction is that while legislative power involves setting down rules of general application, executive power involves applying those rules to specific situations. In practice, however, this definition is difficult to apply as many actions by executive agencies are wide-ranging,
1561:
The
Federal Executive Council is the body that formally advises the governor-general in the exercise of executive power. Decisions of the body give legal effect to decisions already deliberated at cabinet. All current and formers ministers are members of the council, although only current ministers
1401:. Cabinet meetings are strictly private and occur once a week where vital issues are discussed and policy formulated. The Cabinet is not a legal entity; it exists solely by convention. Its decisions do not in and of themselves have legal force. However, it serves as the practical expression of the
1277:
argues that the government was also motivated by a desire to blur the differences between the
Commonwealth and the states in an attempt to increase federal power. The Parliament of Australia website also notes that the name "Australian Government" is preferable in order to avoid confusion with the
1297:
The government's primary role, in its executive capacity, is to implement the laws passed by the
Parliament. However, laws are frequently drafted according to the interests of the executive branch as the government often also controls the legislative branch.
2997:
1533:
However, in all these cases, except for certain reserve powers, the King and the governor-general must follow the advice of the prime minister or other ministers in the exercise of his powers. Powers subject to the governor-general’s discretion are known as
1538:
While certain reserve powers, such as the ability to choose the prime minister most likely to command the confidence of the lower house, are uncontroversial, others are subject to much greater debate. The most notable example of their use occurring in
1396:
The cabinet consists of the prime minister and senior ministers and makes most of the important policy decisions of the government. Members of the cabinet are selected by the prime minister and may be added or removed at any time, usually through a
2028:
5461:
1647:
1361:, as powers "peculiarly adapted to the government of a nation and which cannot otherwise be carried on for the benefit of the nation". They have been found to include the power to provide financial stimulus payments to households
3027:
1852:"is thought to indicate that we are still dependent on Britain" and that the use of a variety of terms including "National", "Federal", "Commonwealth" and "Australian" was irrational and confusing. Later Country Party Senator
3432:
3306:
2545:
1340:
As most executive power is granted by statute, the executive power of the government is similarly limited to those areas in which the
Commonwealth is granted the power to legislate under the Constitution (primarily under
3123:
1519:
while government ministers make most major decisions in cabinet, if those decisions require the formal endorsement of the governor-general in council, those decisions do not have legal force until approved by the
1982:
1408:
The cabinet meets not only in
Canberra but also in state capitals, most frequently Sydney and Melbourne. Kevin Rudd was in favour of the Cabinet meeting in other places, such as major regional cities. There are
2989:
2967:
2206:
3378:
5451:
1460:, the leader of the junior Coalition party has had the right to nominate their party's members of the Coalition ministry, and to be consulted by the prime minister on the allocation of their portfolios.
2580:
2142:
1282:
by those not familiar with
Australia's system of government. This terminology remains preferred by the government. However, the terms Commonwealth Government and federal government are also common.
1547:
dismissed the prime minister and government due to his conclusion that the government had failed to secure supply. The propriety of the use of the powers during that event remain highly contested.
2020:
1471:, Watson assumed the right to choose members of his cabinet. In 1907, however, the party decided that future Labor cabinets would be elected by the members of the Parliamentary Labor Party, the
2663:
1337:. Ultimately whether power is executive or legislative is determined on a case-by-case basis, and involves the weighing up of various factors, rather than the application of a strict test.
3454:
3146:
2112:
2050:
3283:
4974:
3525:
3287:
3019:
2408:
2537:
5411:
1602:
5406:
1592:
5426:
1960:
5372:
2928:
2172:
2451:
749:
3492:
3115:
1420:
Until 1956 all members of the ministry were members of the cabinet. The growth of the ministry in the 1940s and 1950s made this increasingly impractical, and in 1956
5476:
1821:
1652:
2959:
1102:
806:
2701:
2568:
3346:
2134:
3194:
2085:
4991:
736:
671:
1207:, the key decision-making organ of the government that forms policy and decides the agenda of the government. Members of the government can exercise both
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428:
407:
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1617:
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581:
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who has the support of a majority of members in the House of
Representatives. By convention, the prime minister is a member of the lower house.
5496:
3850:
1667:
1273:
legislated the use of "Government of Australia" in 1973 in line with its policy of promoting national goals and aspirations. However, academic
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4877:
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3562:
1642:
573:
5401:
5142:
1597:
460:
3049:
2742:
1350:
1342:
1329:
binding and conducted independently of Parliament. The executive can also be delegated legislative power through provisions allowing for
1095:
786:
1302:
layer made up of the prime minister, cabinet and other ministers who in practice lead the executive. Finally, the bottom layer includes
744:
5358:
4398:
4350:
2202:
2433:
2058:
5481:
4645:
4315:
3895:
3782:
1657:
868:
791:
771:
3514:
850:
846:
835:
2276:
5528:
5436:
4178:
1567:
1410:
676:
2232:
1952:
5446:
5381:
4919:
4729:
4537:
4451:
3936:
3855:
2868:
1737:
As of March 2024, the following Corporate Commonwealth entities are prescribed as Government Business Enterprises (GBEs):
1662:
1637:
1583:
1479:, assumed the power to choose the ministry alone. Later, the caucus regained this power in 2013. According to reporting by the
1088:
922:
907:
699:
129:
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3300:
3251:
2940:
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2513:
2387:
2164:
1836:
1556:
1520:
1402:
1069:
945:
912:
325:
1349:, such as the power to declare war and enter into treaties. Finally, there exists certain "nationhood powers", implied from
5471:
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3860:
1681:
420:
599:
5421:
5318:
5262:
5157:
4663:
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3900:
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3841:
3797:
3175:
3156:
3059:
1816:
1716:
1686:
1612:
1150:
902:
717:
396:
2484:
1219:, this also requires the actions of the government in its executive capacity to be subject to scrutiny from parliament.
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5325:
4456:
4436:
4355:
4219:
4051:
4031:
1632:
796:
307:
3484:
5431:
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4668:
4588:
4522:
4008:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3968:
3929:
3376:
Trade Agreement between the Governments of the Commonwealth of Australia and the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
2678:
2621:
1764:
1622:
1607:
894:
731:
5523:
4595:
4532:
4517:
3723:
1721:
1174:
1149:
consists of the prime minister and other ministers that currently have the support of a majority of members of the
881:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
19:
This article is about the federal executive government of Australia. For the political structure of Australia, see
1860:
due to the government's wish for a unitary, rather than federal, political structure. However, government Senator
1424:
created a two-tier ministry, with only senior ministers holding cabinet rank, also known within parliament as the
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4835:
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439:
2194:
1258:
is the "Government of the Commonwealth". This was the name used in many early federal government publications.
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4719:
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4239:
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917:
819:
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704:
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5189:
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4724:
4527:
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3624:
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2244:
1563:
1504:
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969:
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762:
666:
333:
259:
99:
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5051:
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4751:
4630:
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4345:
4305:
3910:
2335:
1726:
1544:
1231:
776:
1999:
Colloquially, all members of the parliamentary party that support the current government are described as
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4979:
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4340:
4320:
4171:
3462:
3424:
2834:
1696:
1457:
1453:
1265:
indicated his preference for the name "Australian Government" in order to prevent confusion with the new
1181:
1074:
290:
107:
84:
3683:
1864:
stated that the change occurred due to a "loss of identity of Australia" following the emergence of the
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4996:
4850:
4805:
4709:
3412:
3334:
3270:
2818:
2679:"The Commonwealth Executive Power: Historical Constitutional Origins and the Future of the Prerogative"
2301:
1835:
The only exceptions to this occurring in 1901 (before the first parliament was elected) and during the
1509:
The King is not involved with the day-to-day operations of the government, belonging (according to the
1441:
1239:
1223:
1004:
858:
546:
502:
164:
5212:
5169:
5117:
5016:
4862:
4830:
4746:
4736:
4704:
4384:
4229:
2090:
1806:
1746:
1255:
1132:
964:
224:
3602:
1983:"Which members of the government are considered a part of the Executive government and the Cabinet?"
1895:
5486:
5127:
5112:
4959:
4795:
4756:
4583:
3810:
3768:
3652:
3558:
3085:
2796:
2569:"Explainer: what is executive government and what does it have to do with the Voice to Parliament?"
2319:
1811:
1691:
1054:
873:
681:
3666:
3638:
1868:
and that the new name "is paralleling the feelings of nationalism which are arising in Australia".
1566:
usually presides at council meetings, but in his or her absence another minister nominated as the
5277:
5152:
5132:
5107:
5087:
4840:
4810:
4635:
4512:
4441:
4199:
3607:
2990:"Why is it that the Prime Minister and Cabinet are not mentioned in the Australian Constitution?"
2476:
2228:
2054:
1865:
1674:
1354:
1266:
1243:
1142:
1009:
989:
984:
494:
366:
356:
140:
2901:
5184:
5162:
5137:
5102:
5082:
5046:
4884:
4855:
4845:
4820:
4783:
4714:
4551:
4446:
4214:
4164:
4106:
3820:
3403:
3393:
was historically used occasionally in formal legal contexts to refer to the federal government.
2282:
2258:
1782:
1570:
presides at the meeting of the council. Since 1 June 2022, the vice-president has been senator
1464:
1449:
1274:
1216:
1185:
1170:
1158:
1146:
1059:
1039:
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999:
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617:
484:
452:
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5031:
4800:
4687:
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2814:
1794:
1500:
1440:
The prime minister's power to select the ministry differs depending on their party. When the
1358:
1330:
1286:
1279:
1193:
527:
243:
200:
20:
5350:
3747:
3295:(7th ed.). Canberra, Australia: Department of the House of Representatives. p. 2.
3160:
3063:
5491:
5311:
5282:
5204:
5041:
5011:
4947:
4902:
4615:
4610:
4578:
4563:
4419:
4335:
4259:
3151:
3054:
2792:
2774:
1391:
1215:(as ministers on behalf of the governor-general and the King). However, in accordance with
1204:
1197:
1139:
726:
374:
343:
118:
1648:
Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts
8:
5232:
5174:
5006:
4969:
4699:
4254:
4244:
4234:
4224:
4126:
4121:
4116:
3584:
1777:
1307:
1162:
863:
5334:
5292:
5267:
5252:
5242:
5237:
5227:
5194:
5097:
5001:
4605:
4600:
4330:
4287:
4209:
4101:
4086:
4071:
4066:
4046:
2935:(7th ed.). Department of the House of Representatives. Parliamentary Secretaries.
2809:
2627:
2377:
1853:
1588:
As of 17 August 2024, there are 16 departments of the Australian Government.
1429:
1366:
1334:
1270:
1128:
537:
532:
39:
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4111:
4091:
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4041:
4036:
4013:
3973:
3963:
3296:
3247:
2936:
2653:
2617:
2604:
Crown and Sword: Executive Power and the Use of Force by the Australian Defence Force
2519:
2509:
2383:
2356:
1398:
1382:), responsible for a specific policy area, reporting directly to a cabinet minister.
1346:
1321:
1208:
1064:
1049:
388:
336:
5339:
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4081:
4026:
4018:
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2490:
2393:
1515:
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1032:
694:
604:
298:
88:
4056:
4003:
3978:
3222:
1313:
1303:
1212:
1044:
584:
517:
505:
5217:
3244:
Government powers under a Federal Constitution: Constitutional Law in Australia
3212:
2506:
Government powers under a Federal Constitution: constitutional law in Australia
2220:
1741:
1571:
1510:
1421:
1414:
1325:
1316:
is also difficult to clearly define. In the British context, it was defined by
1262:
557:
315:
50:
2879:
2631:
2523:
1530:
before being enacted, as the monarch is a constituent part of the Parliament.
5517:
2480:
1861:
1540:
1491:
factions proportionally according to their representation in the Parliament.
522:
512:
5462:
Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts
3227:
214:
3921:
3246:(2nd ed.). Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co (Thomas Reuters). pp. 283–6.
2353:
The Power of Speech, Australian Prime Ministers defining the national image
1527:
1468:
463:
3760:
5287:
5147:
4156:
4146:
4142:
1756:
1488:
1425:
431:
379:
251:
2612:
4138:
1927:
1484:
1476:
1317:
1136:
838:
442:
410:
267:
103:
2697:
4407:
4376:
979:
399:
179:
1227:
233:
168:
3425:"Who has more power, the Governor-General or the Prime Minister?"
2847:"Appointments revoked, appointments made by the Governor-General"
2757:
1712:
The following corporations are prescribed by Acts of Parliament:
1428:. This practice has been continued by all governments except the
3195:"What are Labor's factions and who's who in the Left and Right?"
2321:
Parliamentary Debates: House of Representatives Official Hansard
1707:
1494:
1772:
1603:
Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water
1196:'s representative). The governor-general normally appoints the
1157:) and in some contexts also includes the departments and other
2853:. Australian Government. 31 May 2023. Gazette ID: C2023G00600.
5380:
3752:
3391:
His/Her Majesty's Government in the Commonwealth of Australia
2308:. Vol. 1965, no. 42. 20 October 1965. p. 1976.
1752:
The following Commonwealth companies are prescribed as GBEs:
1345:). They also retain certain powers traditionally part of the
1526:
Similarly, laws passed by both houses of parliament require
2538:"Separation of powers: Parliament, Executive and Judiciary"
2452:"1. Introduction to Australia and its system of government"
1673:
Additionally, there are four departments which support the
3734:
2409:"'What's the difference?': explaining parliamentary terms"
1848:
Whitlam had previously argued in Parliament that the term
1788:
3522:
Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet of Australia
2489:. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. p. 699 – via
2486:
The Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth
1222:
The government is headquartered in the executive wing of
889:
4149:(1967–1968), see their respective biographical articles.
2777: at para 19 of Mason J's opinion, (1975) 134 CLR 338
1822:
Timeline of the expansion of federal powers in Australia
1287:
all public agencies that exercise the power of the State
4137:
For information about the caretaker governments led by
1413:
in each state capital, with those in Sydney located in
3176:"No more coups against Labor PMs under new Rudd rules"
2508:(2nd ed.). Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co. p. 3.
2086:
The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia
1928:"Infosheet 19 - The House, government and opposition"
1856:
accused the Whitlam Government of favouring the term
3741:
3218:
The English constitution: and Other Political Essays
2021:"Infosheet 20 - The Australian system of government"
2650:
Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills
2275:
1732:
1523:, which is presided over by the governor-general.
1285:In some contexts, the term "government" refers to
1203:The prime minister and cabinet ministers form the
5412:Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water
1593:Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
1365:and the power to prevent "unlawful non-citizens"
1306:, police, government departments and independent
5515:
3282:Wright, B. C.; Fowler, P. E., eds. (June 2018).
2003:, however only ministers formally belong to the
1618:Department of Employment and Workplace Relations
3120:House of Representatives Practice (7th edition)
3050:"Cutting bureaucracy won't hurt services: Rudd"
3024:House of Representatives Practice (7th edition)
2964:House of Representatives Practice (7th edition)
2728:"Nationhood and Section 61 of the Constitution"
2646:"Inappropriate Delegation of Legislative Power"
2817:, (2001) 110 FCR 491 (18 September 2001),
2355:. Melbourne University Press. pp. 89–90.
2337:Parliamentary Debates: Senate Official Hansard
1289:, whether legislative, executive or judicial.
1211:(through their control of the parliament) and
5366:
4392:
4172:
3937:
3776:
3364:Van Heyningen v Netherlands-Indies Government
2407:Lundie, Rob; Horne, Nicholas (22 July 2020).
2382:. Sydney: Federation Press. pp. 113–14.
1896:"Budget Paper 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook"
1708:Corporations prescribed by acts of parliament
1643:Department of Industry, Science and Resources
1495:The role of the King and the governor-general
1483:, ministerial positions are allocated by the
1096:
574:Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia
3951:
3639:Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983
3281:
1653:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
1550:
1543:of 1975. In that case, the Governor-General
3790:
3690:. Australian Government. 27 September 2023.
2926:
2475:
2406:
5373:
5359:
4399:
4385:
4186:
4179:
4165:
3944:
3930:
3783:
3769:
3485:"Reserve Powers and the Whitlam dismissal"
2735:University of Western Australia Law Review
2725:
2203:Australian Trade and Investment Commission
1989:. Australian Government. 14 December 2023.
1959:. Australian Government. 13 October 2023.
1702:
1687:Department of the House of Representatives
1103:
1089:
5382:List of Australian Government departments
3753:Articles related to Australian Government
3653:Clean Energy Finance Corporation Act 2012
3595:
3515:"Federal Executive Council Handbook 2021"
3353:. Australian Government. 21 January 1944.
3347:"Australian - New Zealand Agreement 1944"
3226:
2927:Elder, David; Wright, B. C. (June 2018).
2686:University of New South Wales Law Journal
2676:
2611:
2306:House of Representatives Official Hansard
3459:The Parliamentary Education Office (PEO)
3429:The Parliamentary Education Office (PEO)
3086:"Commonwealth Parliament Offices (CPOs)"
2567:Appleby, Gabrielle (14 September 2023).
1893:
1435:
1310:who directly implement policy and laws.
3351:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
3211:
3192:
3173:
3144:
2566:
2456:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
1789:Other public non-financial corporations
1628:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
1568:vice-president of the Executive Council
829:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
193:This article is part of a series on the
5516:
4406:
3678:
3676:
3591:. Australian Government. 29 July 2024.
3122:. Parliament of Australia. June 2018.
3090:Ministerial and Parliamentary Services
3026:. Parliament of Australia. June 2018.
2966:. Parliament of Australia. June 2018.
2666:from the original on 29 November 2023.
2375:
2350:
2031:from the original on 22 September 2023
1584:List of Australian Government entities
5354:
4380:
4160:
3925:
3764:
3751:
3667:Special Broadcasting Service Act 1991
2954:
2952:
2862:
2860:
2748:from the original on 14 November 2023
2707:from the original on 18 November 2023
2601:
2583:from the original on 14 November 2023
2302:"Question: Commonwealth of Australia"
2270:
2268:
2175:from the original on 26 November 2023
2145:from the original on 12 December 2023
1963:from the original on 15 November 2023
1837:1975 Australian constitutional crisis
1557:Federal Executive Council (Australia)
3312:from the original on 20 January 2024
3241:
3221:. New York: Appleton & Company.
2866:
2548:from the original on 31 October 2023
2503:
2115:from the original on 26 October 2023
2051:"About the House of Representatives"
2015:
2013:
1922:
1920:
1903:Australian Government Budget 2023–24
1682:Department of Parliamentary Services
1188:and is appointed to the role by the
5407:Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
3673:
3585:"Administrative Arrangements Order"
3193:Massola, James (14 February 2021).
3157:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3060:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2902:"Albanese Government full Ministry"
2606:. Canberra: ANU Press. p. 10.
2290:(1): 1–3. 1974 – via Westlaw.
1817:States and territories of Australia
1717:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1226:, located in the nation's capital,
13:
5427:Employment and Workplace Relations
3565:from the original on 11 March 2023
3495:from the original on 18 March 2022
3435:from the original on 25 March 2023
3145:Worsley, Ben (11 September 2007).
3126:from the original on 28 April 2023
3062:. 21 November 2007. Archived from
2970:from the original on 12 March 2023
2949:
2857:
2677:Greentree, Catherine Dale (2020).
2530:
2277:"The term 'Australian Government'"
2265:
2235:from the original on 15 April 2020
2157:
2097:
2081:"The role of the Governor-General"
1633:Department of Health and Aged Care
1452:) have been in coalition with the
1292:
1254:The name of the government in the
213:
14:
5540:
3906:Heard Island and McDonald Islands
3698:
3684:"Government Business Enterprises"
3531:from the original on 3 March 2023
3289:House of Representatives Practice
3174:Grattan, Michelle (8 July 2013).
3147:"Rudd seizes power from factions"
3096:from the original on 26 June 2023
3030:from the original on 27 June 2023
3000:from the original on 26 June 2023
2933:House of Representatives Practice
2867:York, Barry (24 September 2015).
2652:. The Committee. September 2008.
2209:from the original on 26 May 2020.
2073:
2010:
1945:
1917:
1765:Australian Rail Track Corporation
3615:from the original on 5 June 2021
2340:. 18 October 1973. p. 1318.
2324:. 20 October 1966. p. 2048.
2135:"Ministers and shadow ministers"
1757:Australian Submarine Corporation
1722:Clean Energy Finance Corporation
1278:Commonwealth of Nations and the
1235:
1026:
882:Australia and the United Nations
378:
373:
151:
150:
49:
5457:Industry, Science and Resources
3742:Parliament of Australia website
3735:Australian government directory
3659:
3645:
3631:
3589:Federal Register of Legislation
3577:
3543:
3507:
3477:
3447:
3417:
3396:
3383:
3369:
3357:
3339:
3324:
3275:
3260:
3235:
3205:
3186:
3167:
3138:
3108:
3078:
3042:
3012:
2982:
2920:
2894:
2851:Federal Register of Legislation
2839:
2824:
2802:
2788:Pape v Commissioner of Taxation
2780:
2764:
2719:
2670:
2638:
2595:
2560:
2497:
2469:
2444:
2426:
2400:
2369:
2344:
2328:
2312:
2294:
2251:
2213:
2187:
2127:
1842:
1769:National Intermodal Corporation
1761:Australian Naval Infrastructure
1733:Government Business Enterprises
1668:Department of Veterans' Affairs
1411:Commonwealth Parliament Offices
16:Federal government of Australia
5529:Westminster system governments
4205:Federated States of Micronesia
3886:Australian Antarctic Territory
3389:In a similar vein, the phrase
2994:Parliamentary Education Office
2874:Museum of Australian Democracy
2542:Parliamentary Education Office
2195:"Australian Capital Territory"
2169:Parliamentary Education Office
2139:Parliamentary Education Office
2109:Parliamentary Education Office
2043:
1993:
1987:Parliamentary Education Office
1975:
1957:Parliamentary Education Office
1887:
1829:
1577:
1562:are summoned to meetings. The
1351:section 61 of the Constitution
1173:ministers, in place since the
1:
5402:Attorney-General's Department
3625:National Library of Australia
3551:"Senator Katy Gallagher, ACT"
2577:University of New South Wales
2245:National Library of Australia
1880:
1658:Department of Social Services
1598:Attorney-General's Department
1505:Governor-General of Australia
1129:national executive government
3851:Australian Capital Territory
3724:Resources in other libraries
3489:Rule of Law Education Centre
1894:Chalmers, Jim (9 May 2023).
1727:Special Broadcasting Service
1372:
1320:as all government power not
1238:lie in Canberra, along with
1232:Australian Capital Territory
1163:current executive government
1161:that ministers oversee. The
1070:Australian Capital Territory
732:Premiers and chief ministers
727:Governors and administrators
7:
5467:Parliamentary Budget Office
3881:Ashmore and Cartier Islands
3611:. Parliament of Australia.
3603:"Parliamentary Departments"
3020:"Federal Executive Council"
2906:Prime Minister of Australia
2831:Ministers of State Act 1952
1932:Australian Parliament House
1800:
1697:Parliamentary Budget Office
1236:sixteen federal departments
682:Referendums and plebiscites
10:
5545:
5477:Prime Minister and Cabinet
3455:"What are reserve powers?"
2819:Federal Court (Full Court)
1663:Department of the Treasury
1638:Department of Home Affairs
1581:
1554:
1498:
1444:and its predecessors (the
1389:
1385:
1234:. The head offices of all
737:Parliaments and assemblies
600:State and territory courts
547:Federal Court of Australia
18:
5437:Foreign Affairs and Trade
5397:
5388:
5305:
5203:
5073:
5064:
4955:
4946:
4893:
4769:Intelligence and security
4695:
4686:
4654:
4559:
4550:
4485:
4427:
4418:
4296:
4273:
4192:
4135:
3959:
3869:
3839:
3796:
3758:
3719:Resources in your library
3331:Constitution of Australia
3199:The Sydney Morning Herald
2726:Stephenson, Peta (2018).
2259:Constitution of Australia
2001:members of the government
1807:Australian Public Service
1747:Defence Housing Australia
1551:Federal Executive Council
1521:Federal Executive Council
1403:Federal Executive Council
1380:parliamentary secretaries
1367:from entering the country
1363:during a financial crisis
1256:Constitution of Australia
1133:Commonwealth of Australia
326:Federal Executive Council
174:
159:
155:$ 668.1 billion (2023–24)
146:
136:
124:
114:
95:
80:
62:
57:
48:
37:
30:
5452:House of Representatives
4351:Northern Mariana Islands
3953:Governments of Australia
3559:OpenAustralia Foundation
2602:Moore, Cameroon (2017).
1875:
1812:Referendums in Australia
1692:Department of the Senate
1467:first held office under
1353:. These were defined by
1151:House of Representatives
667:Federal electoral system
421:House of Representatives
5524:Government of Australia
4316:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3896:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3791:Government of Australia
3608:Parliament of Australia
2876:at Old Parliament House
2815:[2001] FCA 1329
2775:[1975] HCA 52
2771:Victoria v Commonwealth
2413:Parliament of Australia
2229:High Court of Australia
2225:High Court of Australia
2055:Parliament of Australia
2025:Parliament of Australia
1866:Commonwealth of Nations
1703:Publicly owned entities
1675:Parliament of Australia
1613:Department of Education
1456:or its predecessor the
1267:Commonwealth of Nations
1249:
1143:constitutional monarchy
1121:Commonwealth Government
750:State electoral systems
495:High Court of Australia
141:Commonwealth Parliament
68:; 123 years ago
32:Commonwealth Government
5472:Parliamentary Services
5163:Indigenous Australians
4664:States and territories
4187:Governments of Oceania
2793:[2009] HCA 23
2438:Australian Style Guide
2351:Curran, James (2004).
2283:Australian Law Journal
1783:Western Sydney Airport
1450:United Australia Party
1217:responsible government
1186:head of the government
1171:Australian Labor Party
847:Diplomatic missions of
719:States and territories
218:
130:government departments
5391:Australian Government
4457:Territorial evolution
4299:and other territories
3710:Australian Government
3688:Department of Finance
3092:. 30 September 2020.
2376:Twomey, Anne (2006).
1795:Airservices Australia
1623:Department of Finance
1608:Department of Defence
1501:Monarchy of Australia
1481:Sydney Morning Herald
1436:Ministerial selection
1331:statutory instruments
1280:US federal government
1175:2022 federal election
1117:Australian Government
367:Australian Parliament
308:Deputy Prime Minister
217:
110:of the prime minister
21:Politics of Australia
5442:Health and Aged Care
4903:Cabinet of Australia
4878:Government ministers
4646:World Heritage Sites
4452:European exploration
3872:External territories
3856:Jervis Bay Territory
3842:Mainland territories
3379:[1955] ATS 5
2171:. 10 November 2023.
2141:. 10 November 2023.
2093:on 27 February 2023.
2005:executive government
1392:Cabinet of Australia
1198:parliamentary leader
1147:executive government
1119:, also known as the
1033:Australia portal
180:Government Directory
4975:Gross state product
3242:Pyke, John (2020).
3163:on 15 October 2007.
3066:on 23 November 2007
2613:10.22459/CS.11.2017
2504:Pyke, John (2020).
2379:The Chameleon Crown
2111:. 31 October 2023.
672:Electoral divisions
66:1 January 1901
5293:Australian studies
5228:Australian English
5037:Telecommunications
4873:Government leaders
4816:Political ideology
3861:Northern Territory
3284:"Governor-General"
2810:Ruddock v Vadarlis
2434:"Government terms"
1514:the appointing of
1430:Whitlam government
1335:Henry VIII clauses
1271:Whitlam government
1125:Federal Government
1075:Northern Territory
690:Voter registration
219:
41:Federal government
5511:
5510:
5505:
5504:
5497:Veterans' Affairs
5348:
5347:
5301:
5300:
5123:Human trafficking
5060:
5059:
4942:
4941:
4742:Foreign relations
4682:
4681:
4546:
4545:
4493:Asian Australians
4374:
4373:
4366:Wallis and Futuna
4274:Associated states
4154:
4153:
3919:
3918:
3901:Coral Sea Islands
3831:Western Australia
3705:Library resources
3555:OpenAustralia.org
3302:978-1-74366-654-8
3253:978-0-455-24415-0
2942:978-1-74366-656-2
2698:10.53637/GJLF5868
2659:978-0-642-71951-5
2515:978-0-455-24415-0
2389:978-1-86287-629-3
1446:Nationalist Party
1399:cabinet reshuffle
1347:royal prerogative
1261:However, in 1965
1209:legislative power
1113:
1112:
1055:Western Australia
869:Visa requirements
821:Foreign relations
807:Political parties
705:Political funding
700:Political parties
337:Albanese ministry
204:
186:
185:
5536:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5352:
5351:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5190:Waste management
5071:
5070:
4992:Household income
4953:
4952:
4915:Governor-General
4725:Electoral system
4693:
4692:
4557:
4556:
4425:
4424:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4378:
4377:
4356:Pitcairn Islands
4326:French Polynesia
4311:Christmas Island
4240:Papua New Guinea
4220:Marshall Islands
4193:Sovereign states
4181:
4174:
4167:
4158:
4157:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3923:
3922:
3891:Christmas Island
3874:
3844:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3692:
3691:
3680:
3671:
3663:
3657:
3649:
3643:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3519:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3465:on 12 March 2023
3461:. Archived from
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3421:
3415:
3400:
3394:
3387:
3381:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3343:
3337:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3294:
3279:
3273:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3180:The Conversation
3171:
3165:
3164:
3159:. Archived from
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2878:. Archived from
2864:
2855:
2854:
2843:
2837:
2828:
2822:
2806:
2800:
2784:
2778:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2747:
2732:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2683:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2615:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2491:Internet Archive
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2440:. 31 March 2023.
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2394:Internet Archive
2373:
2367:
2366:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2279:
2272:
2263:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2105:"Prime Minister"
2101:
2095:
2094:
2089:. Archived from
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2061:on 12 March 2023
2057:. Archived from
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2017:
2008:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1900:
1891:
1869:
1846:
1840:
1833:
1564:governor-general
1516:Sir Isaac Isaacs
1308:statutory bodies
1240:Parliament House
1224:Parliament House
1190:governor-general
1167:Anthony Albanese
1159:executive bodies
1105:
1098:
1091:
1031:
1030:
1029:
995:Multiculturalism
970:Environmentalism
948:
836:Foreign Minister
822:
765:
764:Local government
720:
695:Leadership spill
627:Recent elections
620:
605:Law of Australia
487:
382:
377:
359:
299:Anthony Albanese
283:
260:Governor-General
236:
207:
202:
194:
188:
187:
182:
165:Parliament House
163:Executive wing,
154:
153:
100:Governor-General
89:Anthony Albanese
76:
74:
69:
53:
42:
33:
28:
27:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5482:Social Services
5393:
5384:
5379:
5349:
5344:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5310:
5297:
5258:Public holidays
5199:
5143:Life expectancy
5056:
4938:
4889:
4678:
4650:
4636:Protected areas
4542:
4481:
4414:
4405:
4375:
4370:
4298:
4292:
4275:
4269:
4250:Solomon Islands
4188:
4185:
4155:
4150:
4131:
3955:
3950:
3920:
3915:
3870:
3865:
3840:
3835:
3816:South Australia
3806:New South Wales
3792:
3789:
3754:
3740:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3632:
3618:
3616:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3568:
3566:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3498:
3496:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3401:
3397:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3370:
3362:
3358:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3292:
3280:
3276:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3240:
3236:
3213:Bagehot, Walter
3210:
3206:
3191:
3187:
3172:
3168:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2958:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2885:
2883:
2882:on 26 June 2023
2865:
2858:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2829:
2825:
2807:
2803:
2785:
2781:
2769:
2765:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2730:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2660:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2624:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2516:
2502:
2498:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2405:
2401:
2390:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2349:
2345:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2256:
2252:
2238:
2236:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2199:Study Australia
2193:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2019:
2018:
2011:
1998:
1994:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1830:
1803:
1791:
1735:
1710:
1705:
1586:
1580:
1559:
1553:
1536:reserve powers.
1507:
1499:Main articles:
1497:
1438:
1394:
1388:
1375:
1314:Executive power
1304:public servants
1295:
1293:Executive power
1252:
1213:executive power
1109:
1080:
1079:
1060:South Australia
1040:New South Wales
1027:
1025:
1020:
1019:
950:
946:
938:
937:
899:
886:
878:
859:Nationality law
855:
843:
824:
820:
812:
811:
767:
763:
755:
754:
741:
722:
718:
710:
709:
686:
663:
622:
618:
610:
609:
596:
585:Will Alstergren
569:
542:
506:Stephen Gageler
489:
485:
477:
476:
472:Shadow Ministry
448:
416:
384:
361:
357:
349:
348:
321:
285:
281:
273:
272:
238:
234:
205:
201:
192:
178:
72:
70:
67:
44:
40:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5542:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5378:
5377:
5370:
5363:
5355:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5330:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5307:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
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5022:Stock exchange
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2908:. 31 May 2022
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1862:Lionel Murphy
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1542:
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1537:
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1455:
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1433:
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1005:Republicanism
1003:
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913:United States
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582:Chief Justice
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555:Chief Justice
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503:Chief Justice
501:
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5447:Home Affairs
5390:
5326:Bibliography
5213:Architecture
5170:Prostitution
5153:Demographics
5118:Homelessness
5017:Reserve Bank
4894:
4831:Conservatism
4779:Constitution
4747:Human rights
4705:Constitution
4656:Subdivisions
4437:Bibliography
4297:Dependencies
4283:Cook Islands
3952:
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3687:
3665:
3661:
3651:
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3633:
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3617:. Retrieved
3606:
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3567:. Retrieved
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3488:
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3467:. Retrieved
3463:the original
3458:
3449:
3437:. Retrieved
3428:
3419:
3409:Constitution
3408:
3404:Constitution
3402:
3398:
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3288:
3277:
3267:Constitution
3266:
3262:
3243:
3237:
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3207:
3198:
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3169:
3161:the original
3150:
3140:
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3119:
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3089:
3080:
3068:. Retrieved
3064:the original
3053:
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3023:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2993:
2984:
2972:. Retrieved
2963:
2932:
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2905:
2896:
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2880:the original
2872:
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2830:
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2804:
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2770:
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2738:
2734:
2721:
2709:. Retrieved
2689:
2685:
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2649:
2640:
2603:
2597:
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2572:
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2541:
2532:
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2455:
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2412:
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2253:
2243:– via
2237:. Retrieved
2224:
2221:"Contact us"
2215:
2198:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2168:
2159:
2147:. Retrieved
2138:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2108:
2099:
2091:the original
2084:
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2059:the original
2045:
2033:. Retrieved
2024:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1956:
1953:"Government"
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1931:
1907:. Retrieved
1905:. p. 90
1902:
1889:
1858:Commonwealth
1857:
1850:Commonwealth
1849:
1844:
1831:
1751:
1736:
1711:
1672:
1587:
1560:
1535:
1532:
1528:royal assent
1525:
1508:
1480:
1469:Chris Watson
1462:
1439:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1379:
1376:
1339:
1312:
1300:
1296:
1284:
1260:
1253:
1221:
1202:
1179:
1165:consists of
1154:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1114:
965:Conservatism
851:in Australia
745:State courts
677:By-elections
626:
572:
545:
493:
464:Peter Dutton
451:
419:
387:
372:
365:
324:
306:
289:
280:
258:
242:
225:Constitution
191:
160:Headquarters
96:Appointed by
25:
5288:Anglosphere
5128:Immigration
5093:Citizenship
4960:Agriculture
4846:Nationalism
4789:Enforcement
4762:Transgender
4596:Earthquakes
4584:Environment
4518:Immigration
4447:Archaeology
4230:New Zealand
4147:John McEwen
4145:(1945) and
4143:Frank Forde
3407:(Cth) s 1;
3366:St R Qd 54.
3316:29 November
3070:28 November
2821:(Australia)
2752:14 November
2711:14 November
2587:14 November
2477:Quick, John
2418:28 February
2179:26 November
2149:26 November
2119:26 November
2035:26 November
1967:15 November
1778:Snowy Hydro
1578:Departments
1426:front bench
1322:legislative
1275:Anne Twomey
1155:lower house
1000:Nationalism
903:New Zealand
874:Visa policy
538:Beech-Jones
432:Milton Dick
358:Legislature
252:Charles III
203:Politics of
63:Established
5518:Categories
5278:Television
5248:Literature
5133:Irreligion
5113:Healthcare
5108:Euthanasia
5088:Censorship
4895:Government
4841:Liberalism
4811:Parliament
4523:Indigenous
4513:Federation
4503:Diplomatic
4477:Since 1945
4442:Prehistory
4139:Earle Page
4052:Menzies II
4009:Fisher III
3994:Deakin III
3811:Queensland
2552:8 November
2524:1140000411
2362:0522850987
2262:(Cth) s 4.
1881:References
1582:See also:
1477:Kevin Rudd
1378:(formally
1355:High Court
1343:section 51
1318:John Locke
1244:High Court
1169:and other
1050:Queensland
1010:Secularism
990:Monarchism
985:Liberalism
947:Ideologies
839:Penny Wong
453:Opposition
443:Tony Burke
411:Penny Wong
268:Sam Mostyn
125:Ministries
115:Main organ
104:Sam Mostyn
73:1901-01-01
5422:Education
5185:Squatting
5138:Languages
5103:Education
5083:Aged care
5047:Transport
4856:Socialism
4836:Far-right
4826:Christian
4821:Anarchism
4784:Judiciary
4720:Donations
4715:Elections
4626:Mountains
4574:Continent
4552:Geography
4472:1901–1945
4467:1851–1900
4462:1788–1850
4408:Australia
4200:Australia
4032:Menzies I
3999:Fisher II
3984:Deakin II
3413:s 58
3335:s 64
3271:s 62
3228:24399357M
2960:"Cabinet"
2165:"Cabinet"
1373:Ministers
1230:, in the
1127:, is the
1015:Socialism
980:Hansonism
975:Far-right
960:Christian
955:Anarchism
864:Passports
619:Elections
486:Judiciary
400:Sue Lines
397:President
282:Executive
206:Australia
106:) on the
5492:Treasury
5335:Category
5180:Religion
5078:Abortion
5032:Taxation
4801:Monarchy
4796:Military
4752:Intersex
4688:Politics
4669:Capitals
4533:Monarchy
4528:Military
4508:Economic
4486:By topic
4432:Timeline
4412:articles
4215:Kiribati
4141:(1939),
4127:Albanese
4122:Morrison
4117:Turnbull
3989:Fisher I
3969:Deakin I
3826:Victoria
3821:Tasmania
3613:Archived
3569:5 August
3563:Archived
3535:5 August
3526:Archived
3499:5 August
3493:Archived
3469:5 August
3439:5 August
3433:Archived
3307:Archived
3215:(1895).
3152:ABC News
3130:5 August
3124:Archived
3100:5 August
3094:Archived
3055:ABC News
3034:5 August
3028:Archived
3004:5 August
2998:Archived
2974:5 August
2968:Archived
2886:5 August
2835:s 4
2743:Archived
2702:Archived
2664:Archived
2581:Archived
2546:Archived
2483:(1901).
2233:Archived
2207:Archived
2173:Archived
2143:Archived
2113:Archived
2029:Archived
1961:Archived
1909:11 March
1801:See also
1448:and the
1357:Justice
1326:judicial
1242:and the
1228:Canberra
1065:Tasmania
1045:Victoria
334:Ministry
235:Monarchy
169:Canberra
58:Overview
5432:Finance
5417:Defence
5312:Outline
5283:Theatre
5273:Symbols
5238:Cuisine
5205:Culture
5066:Society
5042:Tourism
5012:Poverty
4948:Economy
4730:Parties
4631:Regions
4621:Islands
4616:Geology
4611:Forests
4579:Deserts
4564:Climate
4538:Railway
4420:History
4361:Tokelau
4265:Vanuatu
4107:Rudd II
4102:Gillard
4087:Keating
4072:Whitlam
4067:McMahon
4047:Chifley
4023:Scullin
3619:17 July
2912:2 March
2758:Austlii
2461:2 March
1937:2 March
1511:Bagehot
1386:Cabinet
1205:cabinet
1184:is the
1137:federal
1131:of the
1123:or the
533:Gleeson
528:Steward
523:Edelman
429:Speaker
344:Cabinet
244:Monarch
175:Website
119:Cabinet
71: (
5487:Senate
5340:Portal
5233:Cinema
5175:Racism
5148:People
5007:Mining
4970:Energy
4965:Dollar
4710:Courts
4700:Asylum
4674:Cities
4641:Rivers
4589:issues
4410:
4336:Hawaii
4260:Tuvalu
4112:Abbott
4097:Rudd I
4092:Howard
4077:Fraser
4062:Gorton
4042:Curtin
4037:Fadden
4014:Hughes
3974:Watson
3964:Barton
3798:States
3707:about
3411:(Cth)
3333:(Cth)
3299:
3269:(Cth)
3250:
3225:
2939:
2833:(Cth)
2656:
2630:
2620:
2522:
2512:
2386:
2359:
2239:31 May
2065:3 June
1773:NBN Co
1473:Caucus
1269:. The
1145:. The
918:Canada
518:Gordon
461:Leader
440:Leader
408:Leader
389:Senate
132:(2024)
108:advice
81:Leader
5319:Index
5268:Sport
5263:Radio
5253:Music
5243:Dance
5195:Women
5098:Crime
5002:Media
4868:Women
4606:Fauna
4601:Flora
4255:Tonga
4245:Samoa
4235:Palau
4225:Nauru
4082:Hawke
4027:Lyons
4019:Bruce
3670:(Cth)
3656:(Cth)
3642:(Cth)
3529:(PDF)
3518:(PDF)
3310:(PDF)
3293:(PDF)
2813:
2791:
2773:
2746:(PDF)
2741:(2).
2731:(PDF)
2705:(PDF)
2692:(3).
2682:(PDF)
2628:JSTOR
1899:(PDF)
1876:Notes
1489:Right
1465:Labor
1463:When
1192:(the
1153:(the
933:India
928:China
513:Keane
445:(ALP)
434:(ALP)
413:(ALP)
402:(ALP)
318:(ALP)
301:(ALP)
5223:Arts
4932:list
4920:list
4908:list
4757:LGBT
4331:Guam
4288:Niue
4210:Fiji
4057:Holt
4004:Cook
3979:Reid
3621:2021
3571:2023
3537:2023
3501:2023
3471:2023
3441:2023
3318:2023
3297:ISBN
3248:ISBN
3132:2023
3102:2023
3072:2007
3036:2023
3006:2023
2976:2023
2937:ISBN
2914:2024
2888:2023
2754:2023
2713:2023
2654:ISBN
2618:ISBN
2589:2023
2554:2023
2520:OCLC
2510:ISBN
2463:2024
2420:2024
2384:ISBN
2357:ISBN
2241:2020
2181:2023
2151:2023
2121:2023
2067:2023
2037:2023
1969:2023
1939:2024
1911:2024
1503:and
1487:and
1485:Left
1333:and
1250:Name
1194:King
1180:The
1135:, a
1115:The
895:APEC
659:2007
654:2010
649:2013
644:2016
639:2019
634:2022
466:(LP)
5218:Art
4774:Law
2797:CLR
2694:doi
2608:doi
1324:or
1246:.
890:G20
797:Tas
782:Qld
777:Vic
772:NSW
128:16
5520::
3686:.
3675:^
3605:.
3587:.
3561:.
3557:.
3553:.
3524:.
3520:.
3491:.
3487:.
3457:.
3431:.
3427:.
3349:.
3305:.
3286:.
3223:OL
3197:.
3178:.
3155:.
3149:.
3118:.
3088:.
3058:.
3052:.
3022:.
2996:.
2992:.
2962:.
2951:^
2931:.
2904:.
2871:.
2859:^
2849:.
2739:43
2737:.
2733:.
2700:.
2690:43
2688:.
2684:.
2662:.
2648:.
2626:.
2616:.
2579:.
2575:.
2571:.
2544:.
2540:.
2518:.
2479:;
2454:.
2436:.
2411:.
2304:.
2288:48
2286:.
2280:.
2267:^
2231:.
2227:.
2223:.
2205:.
2201:.
2197:.
2167:.
2137:.
2107:.
2083:.
2053:.
2027:.
2023:.
2012:^
1985:.
1955:.
1930:.
1919:^
1901:.
1677::
1574:.
1432:.
1417:.
1369:.
1177:.
849:/
802:NT
792:SA
787:WA
167:,
5374:e
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3627:.
3573:.
3539:.
3503:.
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