Governor-General of Australia

1570:: the right to be consulted, to encourage and to warn. However, the practical ability to exercise this right is limited. Unlike in Canada or the UK, there is no tradition of regular weekly meetings between the governor-general and the prime minister, with meetings instead sporadically held at the request or either party. There is a greater capacity to exercise influence at the regular meetings of the Federal Executive Council at Government House; however this requires the governor-general to have existing legal experience due to the volume of material, the lack of any requirement for executive-councillors to be briefed or otherwise senior in the government, and the expectation by some governments that the governor-general should only act as a rubber stamp. 1579: 2285: 2112: 38: 1697: 1907: 1520: 1491:

governor-general to refer a bill back to the British government for review, which would then advise the monarch whether or not to grant assent. The British government could also advise the monarch to disallow a law passed within the last two years, which would annul the law on the governor-general's proclamation or message to the houses. However, since the assumption of full sovereignty and the emergence of an independent Crown of Australia, the British government no longer has these powers and the reservation power has only occasionally been used for bills that affect the monarch personally, such as the

1789: 6031: 50: 703: 2353: 1777: 2025: 6277: 543: 1987:... The executive power of the Commonwealth, by section 61 of the Constitution, is declared to be vested in the Queen. It is also, in the same section, declared to be "exercisable" by the Governor-General as the Queen's representative. In the face of this provision, I feel it is difficult to contend that the Queen, even though present in Australia, may exercise in person functions of executive government which are specifically assigned by the constitution to the Governor-General. 356: 1836:. However, it was still unclear whether the governor-general had the constitutional power to declare war, so in addition to requesting the assignment of powers by the monarch to the governor-general, the government also requested King George V make similar proclamations of war on Australia's behalf. No formal declarations of war have been made since World War II, although other declarations on the start and end of time of "active service" have been made in other conflicts. 708: 1669:, Garran noted that, since the Australian executive is national in nature (being dependent on the nationally elected House of Representatives, rather than the Senate), "the Governor-General, as the official head of the Executive, does not in the smallest degree represent any federal element; if he represents anything he is the image and embodiment of national unity and the outward and visible representation of the Imperial relationship of the Commonwealth". 1356: 5392:

the proposed salary is calculated by reference to the estimated average salary of the Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia over the notional five-year term of the appointment of the Governor-General. Where, in the past, a Governor-General has been the recipient of other Commonwealth entitlements - such as a judicial pension - the annual salary has been adjusted accordingly. Ms Mostyn is not a recipient of any such entitlements.

6186: 66: 2563:. However, Scullin stood firm, saying he would be prepared to fight a general election on the issue of whether an Australian should be prevented from becoming governor-general because he was Australian. On 29 November, the King agreed to Isaacs's appointment, but made it clear that he did so only because he felt he had no option. Lord Stamfordham had complained that Scullin had "put a gun to the King's head". 2339: 2532:, on 11 November 1930, that this was merely the official reason for the objection, with the real reason being that an Australian, no matter how highly regarded personally, was not considered appropriate to be a governor-general.) Scullin was equally insistent that the monarch must act on the relevant prime minister's direct advice (the practice until 1926 was that 2321: 2400:. The Australian Government was merely asked, as a matter of courtesy, whether they approved of the choice or not. Governors-general were expected to exercise a supervisory role over the Australian Government in the manner of a colonial governor. In a very real sense, they represented the British Government. They had the right to reserve legislation passed by the 2012:

of the Constitution the Governor-General is the Queen's representative and exercises certain royal prerogative powers and functions; under section 61 of the Constitution the Governor-General is the holder of a quite separate and independent office created, not by the Crown, but by the Constitution, and empowered to exercise, in his own right as Governor-General

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monarch, who by convention accepts that recommendation. Prior to the 1940s, the recommendation was made and decided by the Cabinet as a whole. The monarch then permits the recommendation to be publicly announced, usually several months before the end of the existing governor-general's term. After receiving their commission, the new governor-general takes an

4987:. "A Governor-General appointed by the Queen shall be Her Majesty's representative in the Commonwealth, and shall have and may exercise in the Commonwealth during the Queen's pleasure, but subject to this Constitution, such powers and functions of the Queen as her Majesty may be pleased to assign to him." 1967:

The 1988 Constitutional Commission report explained: "the governor-general is in no sense a delegate of the Queen. The independence of the office is highlighted by changes which have been made in recent years to the Royal Instruments relating to it". The changes occurred in 1984 when Queen Victoria's

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and as such these powers were assigned separately to the governor-general under section 2. However, the current interpretation of the Constitution is that all royal prerogatives are exercisable by the governor-general under section 61 and in recognition of this, the vesting of additional powers ended

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The governor-general is formally appointed by the monarch of Australia with a commission made under the authority of section 2 of the Constitution and regulated by letters patent issued by the monarch. When a new governor-general is to be appointed, the current prime minister recommends a name to the

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Statement by the Prime Minister to the House of Representatives, Parliamentary Debates, Vol. H of R. 138, 24 August 1984, p. 380. The Prime Minister tabled a copy of the amended letters patent relating to the office of Governor-General, together with the text of a statement relating to the document,

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for the order were amended to introduce the rank of Knight and Dame to the order, and from that time the governor-general became, ex officio, the Chancellor and Principal Knight of the order. In 1986 the letters patent were amended again, and governors-general appointed from that time were again, ex

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who had been Kerr's official secretary in 1975, described the constitution as conferring the powers and functions of Australia's head of state on the governor-general in "his own right". He stated that the governor-general was more than a representative of the sovereign, explaining: "under section 2

1999:, with the Queen's private secretary arguing that the power to commission the prime minister was "clearly placed within the jurisdiction of the governor-general, and The Queen has no part in the decisions which the Governor-General must take in accordance with the Constitution". In an address to the 1923:

in their authoritative commentary of the Constitution, noting that the governor-general of Australia was distinguished from other imperial governors-general by the fact that "he principal and most important of his powers and functions, legislative as well as executive, are expressly conferred on him

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in the King's name. This assent gives bills that have been passed by the houses of parliament the force of law, with effect either 28 days after being signed, on a date to be fixed later by proclamation or otherwise as provided in the act. The government does not formally advise the governor-general

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and with bullion edged epaulettes on the shoulders, dark navy trousers with a wide band of silver oak-leaf braid down the outside seam, silver sword belt with ceremonial sword, bicorne cocked hat with plume of ostrich feathers, black patent leather Wellington boots with spurs, etc., that is worn on

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The reserve powers are those powers that the governor-general may exercise independently, that is in the absence of or against ministerial advice. While most of these powers are listed in the Constitution, the circumstances in which they can be used with discretion is not prescribed and is a matter

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Section 3 of the Constitution provides that the salary of the Governor-General shall not be altered during their continuance in office. The Bill amends the Governor-General Act to change the sum payable for the salary of the Governor-General from $ 495,000 to $ 709,017. In line with past practice,

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the Governor-General of a Dominion is the representative of the Crown, holding in all essential respects the same position in relation to the administration of public affairs in the Dominion as is held by His Majesty the King in Great Britain, and that he is not the representative or agent of His

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instead of number plates. Originally, two Phantoms were available after being purchased in the 1970s to be used for royal tours. One of these cars was sold in 1995 to a Sydney doctor, having previously carried the Queen during a royal tour and later being pelted with eggs when it carried Sir John

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In addition to the formal constitutional role, the governor-general has a representative and ceremonial role, though the extent and nature of that role has depended on the expectations of the time, the individual in office at the time, the wishes of the incumbent government, and the individual's

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highest executive body in Australia. While some provisions in the Constitution refer the "Governor-General" and others to the "Governor-General in Council", this does not mean that there is in element of discretion in the former; this distinction merely indicates that that the former powers were

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While the governor-general is the monarch's representative, as provided by section 2 of the Constitution, the powers they exercise are solely granted by the Constitution. This was not always seen to be the case however, with section 2 also providing that the governor-general may exercise other

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stated that his view of the section was that it vests command of the military in the governor-general personally, but only to the extent that the power to give orders or call out the military does not require formal advice from the Federal Executive Council but instead the direct advice of the

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of Australia's military forces is "vested in the Governor‑General as the Queen's representative". Views on the effect of this section vary, from merely making the governor-general "in effect no more than a glorified Patron of the Defence Forces" to alternatively making the governor-general the

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Many executive powers are also bestowed on the governor-general by statute. This allows the government of the day (acting through the governor-general) to perform certain acts that would otherwise require legislation. Such provision are often made where legislating may be too slow, as for the

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in 1987. While separate letters-patent still exist for the governor-general, these merely provide for the appointment of administrator in the case of the governor-general's absence or incapacity and requires the governor-general to make an oath or affirmation of allegiance and one of office.

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made only a single state visit – to Papua New Guinea – as he wished to concentrate on travelling within Australia. All subsequent governors-general have travelled widely while in office and made multiple state visits. Occasionally governors-general have made extended tours visiting multiple

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Apart from assenting to a bill, the governor-general can also reserve a bill for the King's pleasure, that is allow the monarch to give royal assent personally to a proposed bill. When the governor-general acted as a representative of the British government, this provision allowed for the

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stated in 1974: "The constitutional prescription is that executive power is exercisable by the governor-general although vested in the Queen. What is exercisable is original executive power: that is, the very thing vested in the Queen by section 61. And it is exercisable by the Queen's

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powers, subject to the Constitution, that the monarch may assign them. Additionally, the initial letters patent of Queen Victoria purported to create and empower the office of governor-general, despite their assignment already in the Constitution. This was raised as early as 1901, by

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A governor-general may be recalled or dismissed by the monarch before their term is complete. By convention, this may only be upon advice from the prime minister, who retains responsibility for selecting an immediate replacement or letting the vacancy provisions take effect. The

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It seems clear that no question of any reserve power lurks within the terms of s.68 and practical considerations make it essential, even were constitutional ones not also to require it, that the Governor-General should have no independent discretion conferred upon him by that

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reputation in the wider community. Governors-general generally become patrons of various charitable institutions, present honours and awards, host functions for various groups of people including ambassadors to and from other countries, and travel widely throughout Australia.

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A vacancy occurs on the resignation, death, or incapacity of the governor-general. A temporary vacancy occurs when the governor-general is overseas on official business representing Australia. A temporary vacancy also occurred in 2003 when Peter Hollingworth stood aside.

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advised the Queen to amend the letters patent of the Order of Australia to reinstate knighthoods into the Order, with the governor-general becoming the Principal Knight or Dame of the order. However, in 2015 knighthoods were once again abolished by new prime minister

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by the opposition controlled Senate, arguing that this gave him both the right and duty to dismiss the government when they did not resign or advise an election. The event remains one of the most highly debated and controversial in Australian political history.

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In their ceremonial and community roles, the governor-general represents the nation as a whole. Domestically, this role entails attending services and commemorations, sponsoring community organisations and hosting events at one of the two official residences

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Finally, the governor-general can refer a bill back to the houses with suggested changes. This has only happened when once passed, the government has realised a bill requires further amendment and requests the governor-general return the bill to the house.

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governments continued to recommend British people for appointment as governor-general, but such appointments remained solely a matter between the Australian government and the monarch. In 1947, Labor appointed a second Australian governor-general,

2451:'s term was about to expire, Hughes cabled the Colonial Office and asked that the appointment be made in accordance with the memorandum. To mollify Hughes, Milner offered him a choice between three candidates. After consulting his cabinet he chose 395:

does not set a term of office, so a governor-general may continue to hold office for any agreed length of time. In recent decades the typical term of office has been five years. Some early governors-general were appointed to terms of just one year

238:, in which they act independently, not as monarch's delegate or agent. They also have a significant community role, through recognising meritorious individuals and groups, and representing the nation as a whole. The current governor-general is 1955:

Certain provisions in the Constitution provide that the governor-general, specifically as the monarch's representative, is vested with the command in chief of the military and is able to exercise the executive power of the federal government.

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extensively lobbied his government in an attempt to regain the right to wear a uniform, going as far to contact Sir John Kerr in desparation, hoping he could contact the Palace directly. However, it does not appear that he was successful.

9737: 1817:, to call out the Defence Force, and declare a time of war, exercised as ordinary executive powers on advice. Additionally, all officers are appointed by the governor-general on behalf of the monarch with a personally signed commission. 1527:

Under the Constitution, the executive power of the Commonwealth is vested in the monarch, but is exercisable by the governor-general. However, such power is only exercised on the advice of ministers in accordance with the principles of

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dismissed from the governor-generalship, and went as far as to have the necessary documents drawn up. Casey had twice called McMahon into Yarralumla to give him a "dressing down" over his poor relationship with deputy prime minister

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The powers of command-in-chief are vested in the governor-general rather than the "Governor-General in Council", however this does not denote an element of personal discretion in their exercise. However, in 1970 governor-general

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over the next five years. Since 1995, this has been reduced to take into account any existing pension the incoming governor-general currently receives. This provision led to the salary increase of current governor-general

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At the same time as the appointment of Isaacs as the first Australian-born governor-general, a separate role of British Representative in Australia (as the representative of the British government) was established, with

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be able to nominate their own candidates and that "the field of selection should not exclude citizens of the Dominion itself". The memorandum met with strong opposition within the Colonial Office and was dismissed by

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discussed the appointment of a new governor-general to replace Lord Stonehaven, whose term was coming to an end. The King maintained that it was now his sole prerogative to choose a governor-general, and he wanted

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was fiercely opposed by the British government. This was not because of any lack of regard for Isaacs personally, but because the British government considered that the choice of governors-general was, since the

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become governor-general; however the Queen strongly indicated her disapproval of her son taking up the role until "such time as he has a settled married life". Additionally, in 2007 media outlets reported that

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The governor-general is selected by the prime minister, but formally appointed by the monarch of Australia on the prime minister's advice. Their term is not fixed, but they typically serve for five years. From

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ceremonial occasions. There is also a tropical version made of white tropical wool cut in a typical military fashion worn with a plumed helmet. However, that custom fell into disuse during the tenure of Sir

2959: 1864:, who opposed the call out, was responsible for informing Hasluck of the prime minister's lack of consultation. The incident contributed to Fraser's resignation from cabinet in 1971 and Gorton's subsequent 1474:

to the King in the presence of the governor-general or someone appointed by them before they take their seats. On the day parliament opens, the governor-general makes a speech in the Senate (similar to the

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but for some unknown reason he did not read the statement to the House, nor did he seek leave to have it incorporated in Hansard. The statement was later issued by the Prime Minister's Press Office.

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This right not only to advise the monarch directly, but also to expect that advice to be accepted, was soon taken up by all the other Dominion prime ministers. This, among other things, led to the

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The usual wording of official announcements of this nature read "The King has been pleased to appoint ...", but on this occasion the announcement said merely "The King has appointed ...", and his

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10,000 until the parliament decided otherwise. The Constitution also provides that the salary of the governor-general cannot be changed during their term of office. Their pay is now set by

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of the office were amended to take account of this circumstance. He later stepped down over the church's handling of allegations of sexual abuse of boys, for which he apologised before the

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Section 59 has never been used and section 60 has been used ten times. However, both sections ceased to operate in the 1930's when the UK Parliament introduced the Statute of Westminster.

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prime ministers advised the monarch indirectly, through the British government, which effectively had a veto over any proposal it did not agree with). Scullin cited the precedents of the

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the Constitution expressly vests in the Governor-General the power or duty to perform a number of the Crown's functions in the Legislature and the Executive Government of the Commonwealth

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of ministers (when performing executive actions). However, in certain limited circumstances, the governor-general can act independently without or against formal advice by exercising

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during the office-holder's term of office. Most spouses of governors-general have been content to be quietly supportive. Some, however, have been notable in their own right, such as

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The governor-general also receive a generous pension. Until 2001, governors-general did not pay income tax on their salary; this was changed after Elizabeth II agreed to pay tax.

2963: 291:. This requires them to remain politically neutral and to only act in accordance with Parliament (such as when selecting the prime minister and providing royal assent) or on the 6696: 2470:, the governor-general ceased to represent the British Government diplomatically, and the British right of supervision over Australian affairs was abolished. As a result of the 3498: 2967: 404:; later extended). At the end of this initial term, a commission may be extended for a short time, usually to avoid conflict with an election or during political difficulties. 6418: 5128: 2961: 5067: 2377:. He was selected in July 1900, returning to Australia shortly before the inauguration of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. After the initial confusion of the 1880:. The chief scout is nominated by the Scouting Association's National Executive Committee and is invited by the president of the Scout Association to accept the appointment. 10080: 2969: 2595: 5819: 5758: 3534: 3875: 5358: 4498: 3248: 2312:(governor of New South Wales from 1855 to 1861) also carried the additional title of governor-general because their jurisdiction extended to other colonies in Australia. 3194: 2438:

sent a memorandum to the Colonial Office in which he requested "a real and effective voice in the selection of the King's representative". He further proposed that the

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Additionally, it was also previously believed that the monarch retained certain powers, such as the power to declare war, appoint diplomatic officers and to grant

1760:(and a letter of recall at the end of a tenure) to heads of state and government and similarly formally receives foreign letters during credentials ceremonies for 1804:

ultimate head of military chain of command who may influence or deny the use of the military if it is to be used for domestic political ends. Ex-governor-general

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The governor-general is generally invited to become patron of various charitable and service organisations. Historically the governor-general has also served as

1430: 1134: 320: 3559: 2975: 2958: 2504:, and he insisted that George V act on the advice of his Australian prime minister in this matter. Scullin was partially influenced by the precedent set by the 9746: 6639: 4568: 1536:, a body of all current (and technically former) ministers that advises the governor-general. Such advice is generally the result of decisions already made in 10202: 4788: 7821: 2801:. Sir Isaac Isaacs was successively Commonwealth attorney-general, a High Court judge, and chief justice. Sir William McKell was premier of New South Wales. 1487:

to grant assent, but it is expected that they will act in accordance with the democratically elected houses of Parliament and assent has never been refused.

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denounced the appointment as "practically republican", but Scullin had set a precedent. The convention gradually became established throughout the

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That role can become controversial, however, if the governor-general becomes unpopular with sections of the community. The public role adopted by

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to be "autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another", the declaration further stated:

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The governor-general also has a ceremonial role in swearing in and accepting the resignations of members of Parliament. All members must make an

919: 909: 508:, which he believed was affecting the government. Holt believed that this was an improper use of his authority, but no further action was taken. 10187: 5780: 3171: 10248: 8611: 8601: 7063: 6584: 5176:

Office of Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia – Principal – Letters Patent – 21 August 1984, Prerogative Instrument – C2004Q00670

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the discretion to select a prime minister following the dismissal of a prime minister that has lost the support of the House of Representatives

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and appointed opposition leader Malcolm Fraser as a caretaker prime minister while an election was held. Kerr acted following the blocking of

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in Sydney). Internationally, the governor-general represents Australia by travelling to significant events and by performing and receiving

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In World War II, there was some ambiguity about whether the governor-general had the power to declare war, with it initially assumed by

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raised the possibility of the prime minister and the governor-general attempting to dismiss each other at the same time. According to

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officio, entitled to the post-nominal AC (although if they already held a knighthood in the order that superior rank was retained).

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the discretion to select a prime minister if an election results in a parliament in which no party or coalition has a clear majority

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that the governor-general is a citizen of the country concerned, and is appointed on the advice of the government of that country.

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during his tenure as premier of New South Wales, an office he held until almost immediately before his appointment). In 1989,

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Despite these precedents, George V remained reluctant to accept Scullin's recommendation of Isaacs and asked him to consider

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to carry out the role of governor-general when there is a vacancy. By convention, the longest-serving state governor holds a

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by the terms of the Constitution itself ... not by Royal authority, but by statutory authority". This view was also held by

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However, it remained unclear just whose prerogative it now became to decide who new governors-general would be. In 1930,

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Governors-general are entitled to various privileges by virtue of holding the office. These include the right to live in

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had been offered the governorship of South Australia in 1895 and of Victoria in 1910, but refused both appointments.

1853: 1222: 1059: 7384: 4727:"Explainer: the governor-general is also commander-in-chief of the defence forces. What does this mean in practice?" 4558: 2965: 2957: 2955: 10243: 10192: 10055: 8960: 8897: 8882: 7523: 7172: 6991: 6973: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6607: 6602: 6444: 6212: 6090: 6070: 6055: 2927: 2861: 2778: 2727:

rather than swear an oath at the beginning of his commission; the remaining governors-general have been Christian.

2704: 2615: 2549: 2452: 2390: 1901: 1765: 1209: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 401: 5603: 2953: 1625:

the power to dismiss a prime minister who is unable to obtain supply and refuses to resign or advise a dissolution

1523:

Governor-General Peter Cosgrove with ministers and parliamentary secretaries of the Second Turnbull Ministry, 2016

9997: 9979: 9974: 9916: 9821: 9806: 9781: 9401: 9200: 9190: 9126: 8867: 8841: 7048: 6368: 6100: 6060: 6040: 5327: 2919: 1721: 1701: 1302: 1287: 1017: 799: 767: 420: 415:

resigned in 1977, with his official reason being his decision to accept the position of Australian ambassador to

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have no official duties but carry out the role of a vice-regal consort. They are entitled to the courtesy style

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Significant post-retirement activities of earlier governors-general have included: Lord Tennyson was appointed

2579: 2537: 1665:(governor-general 1996–2001) described one of his functions as being "Chief Mourner" at prominent funerals. In 1471: 1452: 1245: 1147: 1109: 1032: 368: 332: 1824:

that the declaration of war by the United Kingdom automatically applied to Australia as well as a part of the

10172: 10007: 9946: 9888: 9637: 9554: 9430: 9272: 9143: 9089: 8892: 8872: 7689: 7329: 7182: 7160: 7150: 7118: 7108: 7068: 7053: 7033: 6867: 6857: 2900: 2210: 1322: 1297: 1260: 1255: 1090: 994: 661: 5558: 10182: 10117: 10017: 9898: 9622: 9416: 9153: 9116: 8995: 8985: 8857: 7309: 7242: 7232: 6580: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6125: 4494: 4034: 2885: 2826: 2365:

The office of governor-general of Australia was conceived during the debates and conventions leading up to

2042:

the two official residences of the office-holder. For transportation, the governor-general has access to a

2004: 1992: 1979:, prior to the first tour of Australia by its reigning monarch in 1954, explained the position by saying: 1733: 1685: 1640: 1104: 412: 153: 37: 2907:; she had previously been the Federal Sex Discrimination Commissioner. General David Hurley was a retired 2711:(2008–2014) was the first woman to be appointed to the office. Sir Isaac Isaacs and Sir Zelman Cowen were 2396:

Early governors-general were British and were appointed by the queen or king on the recommendation of the

2079:

The salary of the governor-general was initially set by the Constitution, which fixed an annual amount of

1549:

declaration of emergencies. An example this was the declaration on the advice of the health minister of a

1479:

in the UK), entirely written by the government, explaining the government's proposed legislative program.

10233: 9873: 9863: 9801: 9796: 9391: 9349: 9344: 9291: 9038: 9005: 8933: 7806: 7285: 6779: 6769: 6670: 6554: 6363: 3342: 2607: 2471: 2382: 1402: 618: 292: 262: 141: 137: 117: 4292: 4137: 3224: 2419:

The early governors-general frequently sought advice on the exercise of their powers from judges of the

10122: 9836: 9791: 9786: 9766: 9457: 9361: 9215: 9170: 9074: 7867: 7281: 6680: 6115: 5434: 5422: 5407: 4762: 4747: 4681: 4138:"Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Declaration2020" 4022: 3968: 3876:"Why a government would be mad to advise the refusal of royal assent to a bill passed against its will" 3793: 3778: 3752: 3737: 3147: 2845: 2814: 2782: 2639: 2628: 2269: 2214: 2088: 2035: 2028: 1443:

The governor-general has a key role in performing constitutional duties in all branches of government.

1332: 1186: 874: 830: 500: 376: 308: 108: 5447: 4533:"State visit by Governor-General of New Zealand - statement by the prime minister, Mr William McMahon" 1972:'s advice, who stated that this would clarify the governor-general's position under the constitution. 419:

in Paris, a post which ultimately he did not take up, but the resignation also being motivated by the

10167: 10147: 9577: 9534: 9482: 9381: 9227: 9195: 9111: 9101: 9069: 8749: 7801: 7546: 7038: 6837: 5318: 4563: 3163: 2413: 2071:

and is often on display as a part of the Fox Classic Car Collection at Queens Warehouse, Melbourne.

1968:

letters patent and instructions were revoked and replaced with new letters patent, on prime minister

1948: 1929: 1292: 552: 447: 392: 5322: 1519: 10127: 10075: 9969: 9492: 9477: 9324: 9160: 9121: 8948: 7745: 7729: 6984: 6634: 6623: 5956: 5781:"Governor-General Quentin Bryce backs gay marriage, Australia becoming a republic in Boyer Lecture" 5204: 4611: 3030: 2877: 2521: 2467: 2305: 1849: 1725: 1566:

Formally, the governor-general may exercise the traditional rights of the monarch as identified by

1382: 1201: 1009: 270: 2174:; it was at the same time retrospectively granted for life to all previous holders of the office. 2067:

rally, where it became known as "Lizzie's Taxi" and secured fourth place. The car is now owned by

9642: 9517: 9497: 9472: 9452: 9205: 9175: 9000: 8877: 8806: 7709: 7637: 7560: 7469: 6825: 6803: 6500: 6235: 5510:"There was more to the Palace letters than just the Dismissal. Here's what you might have missed" 5385: 2923: 2865: 2821:'s cabinet from 1951 to 1955. More recent governors-general in this category include Lord Casey, 2798: 2771: 2420: 2401: 2366: 2039: 1933: 1916: 1337: 1317: 1312: 822: 694: 684: 328: 312: 250: 166: 91: 2466:

During the 1920s, the importance of the position declined. As a result of decisions made at the

1906: 1776: 10065: 9868: 9549: 9527: 9502: 9467: 9447: 9411: 9249: 9220: 9210: 9185: 9148: 9079: 8916: 8811: 7872: 7694: 7668: 7489: 7464: 7389: 7314: 7026: 6830: 6594: 6539: 6383: 6330: 4722: 3871: 3604: 2904: 2896: 2730:

Various governors-general had previously served as governors of an Australian state or colony:

2619: 2265: 2043: 1608:

the power to dismiss a prime minister that has lost the support of the House of Representatives

1529: 1476: 1387: 1367: 1342: 1327: 1282: 945: 812: 780: 467: 455: 288: 3281: 1788: 1545:

those that were historically classified as belonging to the prerogative of the monarch alone.

10060: 9612: 9544: 9442: 9396: 9259: 9165: 9052: 8938: 7611: 7484: 7319: 7293: 7277: 7043: 6759: 6743: 6629: 6559: 6249: 2448: 2055: 855: 608: 571: 528: 235: 227: 6030: 4590: 3407:"Letters Patent Relating to the Office of Governor‑General of the Commonwealth of Australia" 49: 10070: 10025: 9961: 9883: 9878: 9676: 9647: 9569: 9406: 9376: 9312: 9267: 8980: 8975: 8943: 8928: 8784: 7596: 7444: 7429: 7419: 7058: 6774: 4532: 4447: 4172: 2984: 2853: 2583: 2374: 2205: 1555: 1537: 1054: 702: 671: 132: 5461:

Dress worn at His Majesty's court : issued with the authority of the Lord Chamberlain

427:

voluntarily stood aside while controversial allegations against him were managed, and the

8: 10030: 9760: 9597: 9539: 9371: 9334: 9064: 7424: 5753: 5249: 5046: 5027: 4441: 3436: 3406: 2424: 2238: 1925: 1191: 336: 4187:

The Queen's other realms: the Crown and its legacy in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand

9989: 9745: 9699: 9657: 9632: 9617: 9607: 9602: 9592: 9559: 9462: 9366: 8970: 8965: 7816: 7494: 7409: 7359: 6847: 6617: 6150: 5581: 3914: 3643: 3638: 3608: 2881: 2767: 2763: 2708: 2680: 2556:. Both of these appointments had been agreed to despite British government objections. 2178: 2047: 1941: 1805: 1757: 1724:

is appointed. The right of governors-general to make state visits was confirmed at the

1681: 1648: 1591: 1550: 1503: 865: 860: 471: 451: 424: 284: 266: 254: 103: 2352: 2221:

was knighted only in 1951, some years into his term, but he was entitled to the style

1995:

in his dismissal of the prime ministership and government of Gough Whitlam during the

478:

that state governors and federal governors-general remain neutral and above politics.

470:, should have his dormant commission revoked for having made public and partisan anti- 9587: 9329: 7898: 7642: 7580: 7304: 6813: 6791: 6564: 6261: 5964: 5942: 5903: 5881: 5862: 5695: 5480: 5156: 5095: 5006: 4836: 4451: 4342: 4315: 4269: 4245: 4190: 4073: 4040: 3996: 3942: 3918: 3833: 3699: 3614: 3467: 3379: 3260: 2818: 2724: 2647: 2599: 2575: 2428: 2213:, knights, or both (the only Australian peer to be appointed as governor-general was 2183: 1829: 1781: 1662: 1560: 1456: 1392: 1377: 716: 664: 411:, asked to be recalled to Britain in 1903 over a dispute about funding for the post. 380: 379:

or another justice of the High Court. Traditionally, the ceremony takes place in the

84: 407:

Three governors-general have resigned their commission. The first governor-general,

9704: 9138: 7504: 7454: 7434: 5376: 3906: 3624: 3119: 3040: 3024: 2676: 2675:

All the governors-general until 1965 were British-born, except for Australian-born

2591: 2541: 2501: 2378: 2247: 2080: 2000: 1975:

This remains the case even when the sovereign is in the country: solicitor-general

1877: 1800: 1583: 1360: 1022: 932: 626: 463: 454:, allowing an assumption of office to commence whenever a vacancy occurs. In 1975, 5557:(Press release). Australian Government: Prime Minister and Cabinet. Archived from 2777:

Former leading politicians and members of the judiciary have figured prominently.

439:

became the first and, to date, only governor-general to die while holding office.

10099: 7369: 7299: 5989: 5934: 5918: 5632: 5533: 5233: 5184: 4925: 4894: 4414: 3308:"Anthony Albanese announces Samantha Mostyn as Australia's next governor-general" 3120:"Letters Patent constituting the office of Governor-General 29 October 1900 (UK)" 2873: 2794: 2405: 2309: 2191:

of the order, and therefore became entitled to the post-nominal AC. In 1976, the

2140: 2093: 2064: 1761: 1709: 1684:

after the issue of his management of sex abuse cases during his time as Anglican

1482:

One of the most significant powers of the governor-general is the power to grant

1372: 912: 845: 833: 492: 2864:; Sir Ninian Stephen and Sir William Deane were appointed from the bench of the 9582: 7499: 6165: 6135: 6095: 5526: 5178: 4890: 4856: 4696: 3464:

Government powers under a Federal Constitution: constitutional law in Australia

3074: 3014: 2830: 2700: 2696: 2664: 2656: 2651: 2632: 2624: 2293: 2289: 2218: 2192: 2158: 1937: 1861: 1825: 1821: 1587: 1497: 885: 643: 428: 148: 5331:(Video). Investigating National Treasures with Warren Brown. NFSA Id: 1435553. 5301:"A ride in Australia's most majestic taxi: the Governor-General's Rolls-Royce" 4639:. Protocol Guidelines. 2.6 Presentation of credentials to the Governor-General 2659:

might become governor-general of Australia. However, both the prime minister,

2483:

Majesty's Government in Great Britain or of any Department of that Government.

1892:. He did however serve as the association's patron during his term of office. 10222: 7724: 7459: 7404: 7379: 6549: 6160: 6145: 5150: 5089: 5000: 4959: 4830: 4336: 4319: 4263: 4249: 3936: 3373: 3036: 2857: 2838: 2747: 2643: 2492: 2488: 2456: 2386: 2273: 2234: 2136: 2024: 1960: 1920: 1889: 1742: 1673: 1644: 1464: 850: 840: 459: 344: 319:. The governor-general is supported by a staff (of 80 in 2018) headed by the 296: 7515: 6276: 4364:"Australian politics explainer: Gough Whitlam's dismissal as prime minister" 2642:, and thereafter only Australians have held the position. However, when the 2459:, the same practice was followed for the appointment of Forster's successor 542: 7414: 7394: 7364: 6569: 6170: 6130: 6120: 6080: 5939:

Constitutional Conventions and the Headship of State: Australian Experience

5845: 4472:"Governor-General to attend Coronation and undertake State Visit to Greece" 3895:"Refusals of Assent to Bills Passed by Parliament in Germany and Australia" 3359: 2869: 2822: 2751: 2578:, to make sure that Scullin was aware of the exact wording. The opposition 2516: 2435: 2409: 2132: 2097: 1841: 1737: 1729: 1635:

The most prominent use of the reserve powers occurred in the course of the

1483: 791: 359: 355: 246: 6204: 5448:"Herald Sun, 18 June 2008, governor-general Quentin Bryce to get pay rise" 4781:"Parliamentary involvement in declaring war and deploying forces overseas" 3195:"Governor-General pleads for more cash to do his job after budget blowout" 2229:, a republican, declined appointment to the British Privy Council and any 1944:

issued by Queen Victoria were unnecessary "or even of doubtful legality".

9652: 9512: 7449: 7399: 6140: 5895: 5550: 4805: 4499:"An Australian Head of State: An Historical and Contemporary Perspective" 3315: 2849: 2834: 2716: 2660: 2242: 2226: 2068: 1881: 1845: 1833: 1717: 1705: 759: 707: 579: 505: 496: 316: 231: 6712: 5604:"The role of the Queen and the Governor-General in Australian democracy" 3910: 3560:"Peter Hollingworth apologises for poor handling of sex abuse complaint" 2742:(South Australia 1928–34; and New South Wales 1935–1936); major general 2447:, the Colonial Secretary; no response was given. The following year, as 7474: 6175: 2888: 2344:

Sir Isaac Isaacs, the first Australian-born governor-general, 1931–1936

2155: 2127: 1780:

Governor-general Quentin Bryce awarding the Victoria Cross to Corporal

1753: 1166: 770: 738: 595: 340: 277:. However, in almost all instances the governor-general only exercises 239: 96: 73: 5381:"Governor-General Amendment (Salary) Bill 2024: Explanatory Memoranda" 3073:

All but one have also been Australian born, with the exception of Sir

2930:

had also held this post, before his appointment as governor-general).

8772: 8741: 6751: 5812:"Bill Hayden, former Labor leader, turns to God despite atheist past" 2790: 2638:

In 1965 the Menzies conservative government appointed an Australian,

2241:

style. She was in office when, on 19 March 2014, then prime minister

1969: 1749: 1495:(1953 and 1973) and other bills of national significance such as the 1307: 727: 6185: 5985:

Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia – Official website

2118:, 15th governor-general of Australia (1961–65), in his court uniform 9747:

Representatives of the monarch in Commonwealth realms and dominions

7479: 4069: 3992: 3829: 3256: 2892: 2688: 2533: 2525: 2500:

for the Australian post. Scullin recommended the Australian jurist

2475: 2439: 561: 433:

Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse

112: 4889: 4535:. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 8 September 1971. 65: 5961:

Blackshield and Williams Australian Constitutional Law and Theory

5859:

King's Men: Australia's Governors-General from Hopetoun to Isaacs

4039:. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 2021. p. 3. 3922: 2844:

Of the eleven Australians appointed governor-general since 1965,

2720: 2699:. There have been only Australian occupants since then, although 2250:, with all subsequent governors-general appointed as Companions. 2170:. Since May 2013, the style used by a former governor-general is 2063:

in 1975. The car was then entered into the almost 15,000 km long

1885: 1667:

Commentaries on the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia

1567: 279: 4958:(13). Australian League of Rights. 14 April 1989. Archived from 2358:

Dame Quentin Bryce, the first female governor-general, 2008–2014

2016:... all the powers and functions of Australia's head of state". 6697:

List of members of the Australian Parliament who died in office

3225:"How is the governor-general appointed and what is their role?" 2903:. Quentin Bryce's appointment was announced during her term as 2797:; and after his return to Britain he became chairman of the UK 2712: 1615:

The reserve powers that are the subject of greater debate are:

446:

Section 4 of the Constitution allows the monarch to appoint an

416: 121: 2945: 2789:(as John Baird) was minister for Transport in the cabinets of 5580:. Australian Nationalism Information Database. Archived from 2684: 2611:

and to the formal separation of the Crowns of the Dominions.

2237:

was the first governor-general to have had no prior title or

1991:

The monarch did not overturn the actions of governor-general

1628:

the power to dismiss a prime minister that has broken the law

245:

Significant functions of the governor-general include giving

3698:(7th ed.). Department of the House of Representatives. 3338:"Sam Mostyn announced as next governor general of Australia" 2338: 1910:

Governor-General Quentin Bryce with Queen Elizabeth II, 2011

1611:

the power to refuse to dissolve the House of Representatives

331:

in 1901 until 1965, 11 out of the 15 governors-general were

234:. They have many constitutional and ceremonial roles in the 7566:

Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia: The Legislature

3610:

The Chameleon Crown: The Queen and her Australian Governors

2692: 2594:

the first appointee. 1935 saw the appointment of the first

2320: 2304:

were previously used in Australia in the mid-19th century.

1736:

made state visits to eight countries, but Kerr's successor

7602:

Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia: The Executive

3466:(2nd ed.). Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co. pp. 291–2. 2635:, called McKell's appointment "shocking and humiliating". 1764:

on their arrival in Canberra. Before 1987, ambassador and

261:, formally appointing government officials (including the 5984: 5029:

The Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth

4443:

The Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth

4072:, Australia: Department of the House of Representatives. 3995:, Australia: Department of the House of Representatives. 3832:, Australia: Department of the House of Representatives. 3259:, Australia: Department of the House of Representatives. 1217: 4664:. Department of Defence. 20 December 2019. Appendix 4H1. 4421:. Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House 2209:

for life. The same individuals were also usually either

1768:

appointments were formally made by the monarch instead.

5671: 5659: 5647: 4419:

Dismissed!: Whitlam, Fraser, Kerr and the story of 1975

3027:(links to other countries which have governors-general) 2918:; Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson (by now Lord Novar) became 2508:, which always insisted upon having an Irishman as the 2009:

official secretary to the governor-general of Australia

1832:

advised the governor-general to declare war on several

362:(centre) at his swearing-in as governor-general in 2019 321:

official secretary to the governor-general of Australia

2199:

Until 1989, all governors-general were members of the

265:, other ministers, judges and ambassadors), acting as 7822:

Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990

5276:

The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia

3168:

The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia

2152:

Governors-general have during their tenure the style

7643:

Chapter III of the constitution of Australia: Courts

5955: 4211:"Infosheet 20 - The Australian System of Government" 2308:(governor of New South Wales from 1846 to 1855) and 2122:

Governors-general before the 1970s wore traditional

1700:

Governor-General David Hurley and Linda Hurley with

1601:

The reserve powers that are generally accepted are:

1446: 7858:

2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis

4113:"Human biosecurity emergency declared in Australia" 3613:. Annandale, NSW: Federation Press. pp. 62–8. 2670: 2050:for ordinary official business. These cars fly the 2003:, January 2007, in connection with that event, Sir 343:, is the second woman to hold the post, after Dame 209: 6354:Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives 6019: 5574:"Rulers: Regal and Vice-Regal - Governor-Generals" 5246:"Governor General of Australia ~ Government House" 3043:in 1889 dedicated to Adrian Hope, while in office. 2895:; and major-general Michael Jeffery was a retired 2046:limousine for ceremonial occasions or an armoured 257:, exercising executive power on the advice of the 5878:Winterton's Australian Federal Constitutional Law 5694:. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne U.P. pp. 266–269. 4705:Governor General of the Commonwealth of Australia 4476:Governor-General of the Commomwealth of Australia 3447:. 2 July 2019. Federal Register id: C2019G00563. 3062:Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia 2296:in 1900 regulating the office of governor-general 1720:overseas on behalf of Australia, during which an 31:Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia 10220: 5963:(6 ed.). Annandale, NSW: Federation Press. 5527:The title 'the Honourable' for Governors-General 3566:. Australian Associated Press. 2 February 2016. 2933: 2646:were released in 2020, it was revealed that the 1895: 5489:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 4779:McKeown, Deirdre; Jordan, Roy (22 March 2010). 1828:. However, in 1941 opinion had shifted and the 1514: 283:power in accordance with the principles of the 4855: 3692:"Powers and functions of the Governor-General" 3242: 3240: 3238: 3010:Armorial of the governors-general of Australia 2650:in 1976 considered it "highly desirable" that 9731: 8757: 7545: 7531: 6728: 6220: 6005: 5880:(3 ed.). Pyrmont, NSW: Thomson Reuters. 5728:Lamont, Leonie (11 March 2004). "Signposts". 5508:Judd, Bridget; Tonkin, Leigh (19 July 2020). 5152:Final report of the Constitutional Commission 5115: 5113: 5111: 5091:Final report of the Constitutional Commission 5026:Quick, John; Garran, Robert Randolph (1901). 5002:Final report of the Constitutional Commission 4832:Final report of the Constitutional Commission 4778: 4338:Final report of the Constitutional Commission 4265:Final report of the Constitutional Commission 4189:. Sydney: Federation Press. pp. 124–30. 3938:Final report of the Constitutional Commission 3375:Final report of the Constitutional Commission 3299: 2544:, who had recently insisted on his choice of 1809:relevant minister. Other powers exist in the 1424: 902:Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia 10081:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 10076:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 6509:Chronology of Australian federal parliaments 5749:"Australians reject role for Prince William" 5272:"The Governor-General's Official residences" 4861:"The Governor-General as Commander-in-Chief" 4701:"The Governor-General as Commander-in-Chief" 4312:"The Reserve Powers of the Governor-General" 4242:"The Reserve Powers of the Governor-General" 3286:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2100:, she does not receive a military pension. 1964:representative, not her delegate or agent." 7648:Section 75 of the Constitution of Australia 7607:Section 61 of the Constitution of Australia 7571:Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia 6702:Members of multiple Australian legislatures 6575:List of acts of the Parliament of Australia 6234: 5467:. Archived from the original on 9 June 2016 5025: 4439: 4059: 3982: 3690:Elder, D R; Fowler, P E, eds. (June 2018). 3689: 3235: 2995:Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia 2707:, was a senior member of the royal family. 2408:in London for an opinion before giving the 1745:visited nine African countries in 19 days. 9738: 9724: 8764: 8750: 8647:(xviii) Copyrights, patents and trademarks 7715:Implied freedom of political communication 7538: 7524: 6735: 6721: 6227: 6213: 6012: 5998: 5875: 5850:A Public Life: The Memoirs of Zelman Cowen 5555:"A New Honour for Pre-eminent Australians" 5507: 5437:at the end of the governor-general's term. 5108: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4389:"Reserve Powers and the Whitlam dismissal" 3417:. 21 August 2008. Gazette No. S179 of 2008 2574:) asked the Australian solicitor-general, 2416:, but today are regarded as dead letters. 1884:declined the office on the grounds of his 1559:in March 2020, due to the outbreak of the 1431: 1417: 474:political statements, in violation of the 64: 16:Representative of the monarch of Australia 6742: 5397: 5121:"Australians for Constitutional Monarchy" 5060:"Australians for Constitutional Monarchy" 4619:Australian Year Book of International Law 4440:Quick, John & Garran, Robert (1901). 3158: 3156: 3077:, who arrived in Australia as a teenager. 2922:; and Lord Gowrie became chairman of the 2770:in between his periods of service to the 2052:flag of the governor-general of Australia 1732:visited New Zealand. Hasluck's successor 7812:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 5933: 5917: 5631: 5433:The pension is 60% of the salary of the 5375: 4595:Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet 4104: 3279: 2911:and former governor of New South Wales. 2554:governor-general of the Irish Free State 2510:governor-general of the Irish Free State 2283: 2110: 2023: 1905: 1787: 1775: 1695: 1619:the power to refuse a double-dissolution 1577: 1518: 354: 5959:; Brennan, Sean; Lynch, Andrew (2014). 5856: 5746: 5677: 5665: 5653: 5520: 5298: 5125:Australians for Constitutional Monarchy 5064:Australians for Constitutional Monarchy 4794:from the original on 29 September 2018. 4695: 4637:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 4482: 4314:. Parliamentary Library Research Note. 4309: 4244:. Parliamentary Library Research Note. 4239: 4175:, (1982) 151 CLR 342, Wilson J para 24. 4036:Federal Executive Council Handbook 2021 3305: 3096: 3094: 3020:Royal Australian Air Force VIP aircraft 2330:, the first governor-general, 1900–1903 1860:; this did not occur. Defence minister 1157:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 521:This article is part of a series on the 10221: 8771: 8612:(v) Post and telegraph (communication) 6196:List of governors-general of Australia 5902:. Pymble, NSW: Angus & Robertson. 5894: 5761:from the original on 20 September 2016 5727: 5689: 5549: 5503: 5501: 5485:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5356: 5294: 5292: 4995: 4993: 4721: 4673: 4671: 4606: 4604: 4412: 4361: 4110: 4060:Elder, D R; Fowler, P E, eds. (2018). 4014: 4012: 3983:Elder, D R; Fowler, P E, eds. (2018). 3960: 3958: 3892: 3870: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3603: 3192: 3153: 2940:List of governors-general of Australia 2703:(1982–1989) had been born in Britain. 2596:British High Commissioner to Australia 2552:, and the selection of an Irishman as 2515:Scullin's proposed appointment of Sir 2389:, to a caretaker government, with the 1752:(i.e. formally validates) Australia's 511: 375:. These oaths are administered by the 21:List of governors-general of Australia 10249:1975 Australian constitutional crisis 9719: 8745: 7873:Separatist movements within Australia 7720:Implied immunity of instrumentalities 7519: 6716: 6208: 5993: 5844: 5810:Silva, Kristian (19 September 2018). 5809: 5791:from the original on 22 November 2013 5538:Australian Government Special Gazette 5317: 4899:Malcolm Fraser: The Political Memoirs 4785:Parliamentary Library Background Note 4774: 4772: 4770: 4691: 4689: 4493: 4331: 4329: 4287: 4285: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4184: 3978: 3976: 3824:. In Elder, D R; Fowler, P E (eds.). 3819: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3540:from the original on 27 February 2020 3504:from the original on 27 February 2020 3451:from the original on 15 January 2024. 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3251:. In Elder, D R; Fowler, P E (eds.). 3246: 3205:from the original on 30 December 2018 2631:. The then leader of the Opposition, 2474:, which declared that the UK and the 2147: 2135:with governors-general now observing 1997:1975 Australian constitutional crisis 1676:was curtailed considerably after the 1637:1975 Australian constitutional crisis 301:1975 Australian constitutional crisis 7924:VIII: Alteration of the Constitution 7863:List of proposed states of Australia 4591:"Governor-General's Visit to Africa" 4571:from the original on 9 February 2019 4539:from the original on 9 February 2019 4513:from the original on 9 February 2019 4509:. Australian Parliamentary Library. 4130: 3461: 3091: 2916:deputy governor of the Isle of Wight 1797:Under section 68 of the Constitution 8707:(xxxv) Conciliation and arbitration 7838:Constitutional history of Australia 5876:Gerangelos, George A., ed. (2013). 5822:from the original on 1 October 2018 5498: 5440: 5289: 4990: 4911:Fraser & Simons (2011), p. 222. 4901:. The Miegunyah Press. p. 206. 4668: 4612:"Diplomatic and Consular Relations" 4601: 4009: 3955: 3783: 3757: 3742: 3727: 3570:from the original on 24 August 2018 3174:from the original on 5 January 2024 2990:Constitutional history of Australia 2938:For a more comprehensive list, see 2203:and thus held the additional style 2201:Privy Council of the United Kingdom 2181:in 1975, the governor-general was, 1813:, such as the power to appoint the 1532:. This occurs formally through the 335:; however all since then have been 13: 7027:State and Territory Shadow Cabinet 5838: 5357:Madden, Cathy (27 February 2014). 5036:from the original on 25 March 2014 4924:. Scouts Australia. Archived from 4767: 4686: 4559:"Criticism over G-G's Africa tour" 4326: 4310:Downing, Susan (23 January 1998). 4282: 4240:Downing, Susan (23 January 1998). 4228: 4203: 4150:from the original on 29 March 2020 3985:"Presentation of bills for assent" 3973: 3678: 3429: 3392: 3282:"Australia's new Governor-General" 3280:Albanese, Anthony (3 April 2024). 3193:Wright, Shane (31 December 2018). 3164:"The role of the Governor-General" 3000:Governors of the Australian states 2807:Speaker of the UK House of Commons 2561:Field Marshal Sir William Birdwood 2506:Government of the Irish Free State 2498:Field-Marshal Sir William Birdwood 2491:and the Australian prime minister 2369:. The first governor-general, the 2189:Chancellor and Principal Companion 1888:, which was incompatible with the 1691: 1655: 1586:meeting with Governor-General Sir 1455:as consisting of the monarch, the 541: 19:For a list of office holders, see 14: 10265: 8602:(i) Interstate trade and commerce 5978: 5131:from the original on 8 April 2018 5070:from the original on 24 June 2017 5032:. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. 3696:House of Representatives Practice 3651:from the original on 6 April 2018 3445:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette 3415:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette 3350:from the original on 3 April 2024 3318:from the original on 3 April 2024 2627:, who was in office as the Labor 2106: 1871: 1854:Territory of Papua and New Guinea 1792:Governor-General's rank insignia 1573: 1472:oath or affirmation of allegiance 1447:Role in the Australian Parliament 369:oath or affirmation of allegiance 10254:1901 establishments in Australia 10100:United Kingdom lieutenancy areas 9827:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6275: 6184: 6029: 5803: 5773: 5740: 5721: 5708: 5683: 5625: 5596: 5571: 5565: 5543: 5199:The Role of the Governor-General 4066:House of Representative Practice 3989:House of Representative Practice 3826:House of Representative Practice 3253:House of Representative Practice 2862:Supreme Court of New South Wales 2750:(Queensland 2003–2008); general 2705:Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester 2671:Backgrounds of governors-general 2550:governor-general of that country 2455:. In 1925, under prime minister 2453:Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster 2351: 2337: 2319: 1902:Australian head of state dispute 1771: 1741:countries, notably in 2009 when 1688:became a matter of controversy. 1631:the power to refuse royal assent 1354: 1210:Australia and the United Nations 706: 701: 339:. The current governor-general, 48: 36: 10095:Other viceregal representatives 8652:(xix) Naturalization and aliens 5454: 5427: 5412: 5369: 5350: 5335: 5328:National Film and Sound Archive 5311: 5299:Coleman, James (27 June 2021). 5264: 5238: 5219: 5189: 5169: 5143: 5082: 5052: 5019: 4974: 4940: 4914: 4905: 4883: 4849: 4823: 4798: 4752: 4737: 4715: 4651: 4625: 4583: 4551: 4525: 4464: 4433: 4406: 4381: 4355: 4303: 4256: 4178: 4162: 4111:McPhee, Sarah (17 March 2020). 4086: 4053: 4027: 3929: 3886: 3864: 3846: 3813: 3798: 3712: 3663: 3631: 3597: 3582: 3552: 3516: 3480: 3455: 3441:Federal Register of Legislation 3437:"Governor-General's Commission" 3411:Federal Register of Legislation 3366: 3330: 3306:Fleming, Tessa (3 April 2024). 3273: 2920:secretary of State for Scotland 2746:(Western Australia 1993–2000); 2723:during his term and he made an 2683:(1947–1953). They included six 2391:inaugural 1901 federal election 2139:day-to-day. Tasmanian governor 2089:chief justice of the High Court 2038:(also known as Yarralumla), or 1722:administrator of the government 421:1975 constitutional controversy 10229:Governors-general of Australia 10041:British Indian Ocean Territory 9962:Realm of New Zealand countries 8702:(xxxi) Acquisition of property 6379:Manager of Opposition Business 6326:Manager of Opposition Business 6316:Manager of Government Business 6021:Governors-general of Australia 5747:Squires, Nick (30 June 2007). 5248:. 19 July 2008. Archived from 4362:Twomey, Anne (19 April 2017). 4297:Parliamentary Education Office 4098:Parliamentary Education Office 3858:Parliamentary Education Office 3229:Parliamentary Education Office 3217: 3186: 3137: 3112: 3106:Parliamentary Education Office 3067: 3054: 3005:Viceregal consort of Australia 2580:Nationalist Party of Australia 2538:prime minister of South Africa 1866:loss of the prime ministership 1453:Parliament of the Commonwealth 350: 1: 9899:Canadian lieutenant governors 7690:Australian Constitutional Law 5861:. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. 5857:Cunneen, Christopher (1983). 5852:. Melbourne: Miegunyah Press. 4460:– via Internet Archive. 4143:. Commonwealth of Australia. 3941:. 1988. pp. 72–3, 82–3. 3531:Governor-General of Australia 3495:Governor-General of Australia 3084: 3039:written by Australian author 2934:Timeline of governors-general 2901:governor of Western Australia 2754:(New South Wales 2014–2019). 2738:(South Australia 1899–1902); 2019: 1959:Australian solicitor-general 1896:Relationship with the monarch 1678:constitutional crisis of 1975 1451:The Constitution defines the 489:constitutional crisis of 1975 373:oath or affirmation of office 226:is the representative of the 224:governor-general of Australia 97:Her Excellency the Honourable 10018:British Overseas Territories 7894:II: The Executive Government 7017:Premiers and Chief Ministers 7012:Governors and Administrators 6524:47th Parliament of Australia 6519:46th Parliament of Australia 6514:45th Parliament of Australia 4393:Rule of Law Education Centre 4169:FAI Insurances Ltd v Winneke 2254:Spouses of governors-general 1852:peacekeeping mission in the 1702:New Zealand Governor-General 1643:dismissed the government of 1639:, in which governor-general 1515:Role in executive government 1398:Australian Capital Territory 1060:Premiers and chief ministers 1055:Governors and administrators 481: 55:Flag of the governor-general 7: 10036:British Antarctic Territory 7807:Statute of Westminster 1931 7786:Retirement of judges (1977) 6671:Parliament House, Melbourne 6555:Matter of public importance 6414:Represented multiple states 5608:Constitution Education Fund 5359:"Governor-General's salary" 4415:"The Dismissal 30 years on" 4062:"Federal Executive Council" 3343:Australian Associated Press 2978: 2880:and constitutional lawyer; 2667:repudiated the suggestion. 2608:Statute of Westminster 1931 2472:Balfour Declaration of 1926 2393:not occurring until March. 2383:prime minister of Australia 1716:The governor-general makes 1590:on 8 May 2016 to request a 1551:human biosecurity emergency 1493:Royal Styles and Titles Act 1010:Referendums and plebiscites 236:Australian political system 10: 10270: 9856:Australian state governors 7868:Republicanism in Australia 7848:Constitutional Conventions 7705:Constitutional conventions 7022:Parliaments and Assemblies 6681:Parliament House, Canberra 6628:House of Representatives: 4293:"What are reserve powers?" 2937: 2815:secretary of State for Air 2805:(as William Morrison) was 2783:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 2629:premier of New South Wales 2614:After Scullin's defeat in 2279: 2029:Government House, Canberra 1899: 1848:'s request to authorise a 1815:chief of the Defence Force 1065:Parliaments and assemblies 928:State and territory courts 875:Federal Court of Australia 377:chief justice of Australia 299:, most notably during the 18: 10110: 10094: 10016: 9988: 9960: 9927:Newfoundland and Labrador 9897: 9854: 9847: 9753: 9670: 9568: 9438: 9429: 9320: 9311: 9258: 9134:Intelligence and security 9060: 9051: 9019: 8924: 8915: 8850: 8792: 8783: 8587: 7939: 7932: 7881: 7830: 7802:Constitution of Australia 7794: 7738: 7725:Reserve power (sovereign) 7682: 7661: 7630: 7622:Federal Executive Council 7589: 7553: 7547:Constitution of Australia 7348: 7266: 7181: 7077: 7000: 6856: 6787:Federal Executive Council 6750: 6689: 6663: 6655:Court of Disputed Returns 6593: 6532: 6499: 6465: 6432: 6401: 6344: 6293: 6284: 6273: 6242: 6193: 6182: 6036: 6027: 5419:Governor-General Act 1974 5404:Governor-General Act 1974 4564:The Sydney Morning Herald 3144:Governor-General Act 1974 2756:Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson 2414:Constitution of Australia 2381:, he appointed the first 2177:From the creation of the 2085:Governor-General Act 1974 2074: 1949:charters of incorporation 1930:Supreme Court of Tasmania 1756:through sending a formal 1534:Federal Executive Council 654:Federal Executive Council 423:. In 2003, ex-archbishop 386: 259:Federal Executive Council 204: 196: 186: 178: 161: 154:At His Majesty's pleasure 147: 128: 102: 90: 83: 61: 47: 35: 30: 10086:Turks and Caicos Islands 8677:(xxiiiA) Social security 7576:House of Representatives 6809:House of Representatives 6635:Two-party-preferred vote 6624:Single transferable vote 6374:Leader of the Opposition 6321:Leader of the Opposition 6311:Leader of the Government 6267:House of Representatives 5900:Hayden: an Autobiography 5532:10 November 2013 at the 5323:"Vice-Regal Rolls Royce" 5005:. 1988. pp. 341–6. 4952:On Target from Australia 4413:Cooper, Michael (2005). 4341:. 1988. pp. 326–7. 4268:. 1988. pp. 92–93. 3639:"McMahon 'in Casey row'" 3378:. 1988. pp. 337–8. 3047: 3031:Australian VIP transport 2878:University of Queensland 2856:; Sir John Kerr was the 2522:1926 Imperial Conference 2468:1926 Imperial Conference 2434:In 1919, prime minister 2404:: in effect, to ask the 1936:), postulating that the 1878:Chief Scout of Australia 1850:Pacific Islands Regiment 1726:1926 Imperial Conference 1461:House of Representatives 995:Federal electoral system 749:House of Representatives 271:Australian Defence Force 251:the houses of parliament 10244:Parliament of Australia 8692:(xxix) External affairs 7776:Casual vacancies (1977) 7751:Senate elections (1906) 7470:Parliamentary secretary 7440:Independent politicians 6301:President of the Senate 6236:Parliament of Australia 5386:Parliament of Australia 5363:Parliament of Australia 5342:Australian Constitution 4981:Australian Constitution 4678:Australian Constitution 4215:Parliament of Australia 4173:[1982] HCA 26 4019:Australian Constitution 3965:Australian Constitution 3805:Australian Constitution 3790:Australian Constitution 3775:Australian Constitution 3749:Australian Constitution 3734:Australian Constitution 3719:Australian Constitution 3670:Australian Constitution 3589:Australian Constitution 3124:Documenting a Democracy 2924:Marylebone Cricket Club 2848:, Sir Paul Hasluck and 2772:Commonwealth Parliament 2602:(in office 1936–1941). 2421:High Court of Australia 2402:Parliament of Australia 2040:Admiralty House, Sydney 1934:University of Melbourne 1844:refused prime minister 1078:State electoral systems 823:High Court of Australia 462:advised the Queen that 167:Australian Constitution 162:Constituting instrument 10046:British Virgin Islands 9528:Indigenous Australians 9029:States and territories 8589:Enumerated legislative 7766:Social services (1946) 7761:2nd State debts (1928) 7756:1st State debts (1910) 7695:Responsible government 7669:Inter-State Commission 7490:Responsible government 7390:Contempt of parliament 6843:Statute of Westminster 6540:Speech from the throne 5690:Souter, Gavin (1988). 2909:chief of Defence Force 2905:governor of Queensland 2734:(Victoria 1889–1895); 2528:'s private secretary, 2485: 2297: 2266:Dame Alexandra Hasluck 2119: 2044:Rolls-Royce Phantom VI 2031: 1989: 1928:, senior judge of the 1911: 1811:Defence Force Act 1903 1793: 1785: 1713: 1686:archbishop of Brisbane 1594: 1530:responsible government 1524: 1175:Diplomatic missions of 1047:States and territories 546: 468:governor of Queensland 371:to the monarch and an 363: 289:responsible government 78:since 1 July 2024 10239:Monarchy of Australia 9817:Saint Kitts and Nevis 8822:Territorial evolution 8697:(xxx) Pacific islands 7904:IV: Finance and Trade 7730:Reserved State powers 6744:Politics of Australia 6630:Instant-runoff voting 6409:Served in both houses 5730:Sydney Morning Herald 5232:12 March 2005 at the 5155:. 1988. p. 313. 5094:. 1988. p. 343. 4835:. 1988. p. 342. 4633:"2. Heads of mission" 4448:Angus & Robertson 4322:. Number 25, 1997–98. 4252:. Number 25, 1997–98. 4185:Boyce, P. J. (2008). 3893:Taylor, Greg (2008). 3820:Elder, D. R. (2018). 3247:Elder, D. R. (2018). 3199:Sydney Morning Herald 2546:the Earl of Clarendon 2480: 2449:Ronald Munro Ferguson 2287: 2114: 2027: 1981: 1909: 1900:Further information: 1791: 1779: 1748:The governor-general 1699: 1581: 1522: 695:Australian Parliament 636:Deputy Prime Minister 545: 358: 9942:Prince Edward Island 9761:Counsellors of State 9268:Cabinet of Australia 9243:Government ministers 9011:World Heritage Sites 8817:European exploration 7795:Constitutional texts 7700:Separation of powers 7445:Kirribilli agreement 7430:Hardworking Families 7385:Chardonnay socialist 6676:Old Parliament House 6650:Caretaker government 6253:(represented by the 5787:. 22 November 2013. 5514:ABC News (Australia) 5183:4 March 2016 at the 4725:(3 September 2024). 4503:Papers on Parliament 3488:"Oath of Allegiance" 3035:Musical composition 2985:History of Australia 2852:were former federal 2584:British Commonwealth 2375:governor of Victoria 2300:Other offices named 2206:The Right Honourable 1556:Biosecurity Act 2015 1361:Australia portal 228:monarch of Australia 133:Monarch of Australia 10203:Trinidad and Tobago 9772:Antigua and Barbuda 9340:Gross state product 8687:(xxvii) Immigration 8591:powers (Section 51) 7899:III: The Judicature 7425:Group voting ticket 6369:Leader of the House 5754:The Daily Telegraph 4659:"Army Dress Manual" 4299:. 14 December 2023. 4100:. 10 November 2023. 3911:10.22145/flr.36.1.4 3874:(29 January 2019). 3860:. 14 December 2023. 3462:Pyke, John (2020). 3231:. 14 December 2023. 3108:. 10 November 2023. 2425:Sir Samuel Griffith 2310:Sir William Denison 2306:Sir Charles FitzRoy 2141:Sir Stanley Burbury 1926:Andrew Inglis Clark 1000:Electoral divisions 512:Constitutional role 337:Australian citizens 333:British aristocrats 255:writs for elections 249:to bills passed by 157:(typically 5 years) 10234:Westminster system 9990:Crown Dependencies 9658:Australian studies 9593:Australian English 9402:Telecommunications 9238:Government leaders 9181:Political ideology 8722:(xxxviii) Imperial 8712:(xxxvi) Transition 7919:VII: Miscellaneous 7817:Australia Act 1986 7781:Referendums (1977) 7771:Aboriginals (1967) 7746:Referendum process 7662:Other institutions 7653:Boilermakers' Case 7495:Stolen Generations 7410:Double dissolution 7203:Northern Territory 6618:Double dissolution 5914:(pp 515, 519, 548) 5716:Acts of Parliament 5692:Acts of Parliament 5495:(1912), pp. 49, 50 5165:– via Trove. 5104:– via Trove. 5015:– via Trove. 4962:on 4 December 2007 4928:on 12 October 2007 4845:– via Trove. 4351:– via Trove. 4278:– via Trove. 3951:– via Trove. 3899:Federal Law Review 3644:The Canberra Times 3388:– via Trove. 3249:"Governor-General" 3102:"Governor-General" 2882:Peter Hollingworth 2831:Sir Ninian Stephen 2799:Conservative Party 2768:governor of Bengal 2764:governor of Bombay 2748:Dame Quentin Bryce 2709:Dame Quentin Bryce 2701:Sir Ninian Stephen 2681:Sir William McKell 2298: 2179:Order of Australia 2168:His/Her Excellency 2148:Titles and honours 2120: 2116:Viscount De L'Isle 2056:St. Edward's Crown 2032: 1942:royal instructions 1912: 1806:Sir Ninian Stephen 1794: 1786: 1758:letter of credence 1714: 1682:Peter Hollingworth 1595: 1592:double dissolution 1525: 1504:Australia Act 1986 1403:Northern Territory 1018:Voter registration 547: 499:considered having 472:Whitlam government 452:dormant commission 435:in 2016. In 1961, 425:Peter Hollingworth 364: 285:Westminster system 275:Australian honours 267:commander-in-chief 10216: 10215: 10106: 10105: 9889:Western Australia 9767:Governors-general 9713: 9712: 9666: 9665: 9488:Human trafficking 9425: 9424: 9307: 9306: 9107:Foreign relations 9047: 9046: 8911: 8910: 8858:Asian Australians 8739: 8738: 8735: 8734: 8717:(xxxvii) Referral 8657:(xx) Corporations 7889:I: The Parliament 7554:Legislative power 7513: 7512: 7485:Quiet Australians 7253:Western Australia 6819:Opposition Leader 6797:Foreign relations 6783: 6710: 6709: 6560:Readings of bills 6495: 6494: 6483: 6448: 6397: 6396: 6258: 6202: 6201: 5970:978-1-86287-918-8 5923:Public Law Review 5887:978-0-45523-041-2 5846:Cowen, Sir Zelman 5637:Public Law Review 5578:Colony and Empire 5561:on 25 March 2014. 5553:(25 March 2014). 5540:S No. 54 of 2013. 5377:Albanese, Anthony 4711:on 20 March 2018. 4196:978-1-86287-700-9 4079:978-1-74366-654-8 4046:978-1-925364-53-8 4002:978-1-74366-654-8 3839:978-1-74366-654-8 3705:978-1-74366-654-8 3620:978-1-86287-629-3 3473:978-0-455-24415-0 3266:978-1-74366-654-8 2839:Sir William Deane 2819:Winston Churchill 2766:. Lord Casey was 2648:Fraser government 2600:Geoffrey Whiskard 2576:Sir Robert Garran 2568:private secretary 2429:Sir Edmund Barton 2373:, was a previous 1830:Curtin government 1782:Ben Roberts-Smith 1663:Sir William Deane 1561:COVID-19 pandemic 1441: 1440: 1383:Western Australia 1197:Visa requirements 1149:Foreign relations 1135:Political parties 1033:Political funding 1028:Political parties 665:Albanese ministry 532: 230:, currently King 220: 219: 10261: 10153:Irish Free State 10056:Falkland Islands 9912:British Columbia 9852: 9851: 9812:Papua New Guinea 9763:(United Kingdom) 9740: 9733: 9726: 9717: 9716: 9693: 9686: 9679: 9555:Waste management 9436: 9435: 9357:Household income 9318: 9317: 9280:Governor-General 9090:Electoral system 9058: 9057: 8922: 8921: 8790: 8789: 8766: 8759: 8752: 8743: 8742: 8727:(xxxix) Incident 8672:(xxiii) Pensions 7937: 7936: 7617:Governor-General 7540: 7533: 7526: 7517: 7516: 7455:Leadership spill 7435:How-to-vote card 7420:Forgotten People 7290:Liberal National 7079:State/territory 7002:State/territory 6777: 6765:Governor-General 6737: 6730: 6723: 6714: 6713: 6477: 6442: 6430: 6429: 6291: 6290: 6279: 6255:Governor-General 6252: 6229: 6222: 6215: 6206: 6205: 6188: 6033: 6014: 6007: 6000: 5991: 5990: 5974: 5957:Williams, George 5952: 5941:. Connor Court. 5935:Markwell, Donald 5930: 5919:Markwell, Donald 5913: 5891: 5872: 5853: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5777: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5725: 5719: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5669: 5663: 5657: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5633:Markwell, Donald 5629: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5615: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5547: 5541: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5505: 5496: 5494: 5484: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5444: 5438: 5431: 5425: 5416: 5410: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5354: 5348: 5339: 5333: 5332: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5296: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5242: 5236: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5207:on 12 March 2005 5203:. Archived from 5193: 5187: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5117: 5106: 5105: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5056: 5050: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5023: 5017: 5016: 4997: 4988: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4948:"Brief Comments" 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4918: 4912: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4874: 4872: 4867:on 22 April 2018 4863:. Archived from 4859:(21 June 1983). 4853: 4847: 4846: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4776: 4765: 4759:Defence Act 1903 4756: 4750: 4744:Defence Act 1903 4741: 4735: 4734: 4731:The Conversation 4719: 4713: 4712: 4707:. Archived from 4699:(21 June 1983). 4693: 4684: 4675: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4616: 4608: 4599: 4598: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4567:. 9 March 2009. 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4491: 4480: 4479: 4478:. 23 April 2023. 4468: 4462: 4461: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4368:The Conversation 4359: 4353: 4352: 4333: 4324: 4323: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4289: 4280: 4279: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4237: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4182: 4176: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4149: 4142: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4068:(7th ed.). 4057: 4051: 4050: 4031: 4025: 4016: 4007: 4006: 3991:(7th ed.). 3980: 3971: 3962: 3953: 3952: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3880:The Conversation 3868: 3862: 3861: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3828:(7th ed.). 3817: 3811: 3802: 3796: 3787: 3781: 3772: 3755: 3746: 3740: 3731: 3725: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3687: 3676: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3647:. 4 April 1988. 3635: 3629: 3628: 3625:Internet Archive 3601: 3595: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3539: 3528: 3524:"Oath of Office" 3520: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3503: 3492: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3403: 3390: 3389: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3357: 3355: 3346:. 3 April 2024. 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3255:(7th ed.). 3244: 3233: 3232: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3160: 3151: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3098: 3078: 3071: 3065: 3058: 3041:Walter J. Turner 3025:Governor-general 2897:military officer 2870:Sir Zelman Cowen 2854:parliamentarians 2823:Sir Paul Hasluck 2679:(1931–1936) and 2677:Sir Isaac Isaacs 2592:Ernest Crutchley 2572:Lord Stamfordham 2542:J. B. M. Hertzog 2530:Lord Stamfordham 2502:Sir Isaac Isaacs 2379:Hopetoun Blunder 2371:Earl of Hopetoun 2355: 2341: 2328:Earl of Hopetoun 2323: 2302:governor-general 2248:Malcolm Turnbull 2231:imperial honours 2036:Government House 2015: 2001:Sydney Institute 1986: 1801:command-in-chief 1766:high commisioner 1762:heads of mission 1584:Malcolm Turnbull 1433: 1426: 1419: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1323:Multiculturalism 1298:Environmentalism 1276: 1164:Foreign Minister 1150: 1093: 1092:Local government 1048: 1023:Leadership spill 955:Recent elections 948: 933:Law of Australia 815: 710: 705: 687: 627:Anthony Albanese 611: 588:Governor-General 564: 535: 530: 522: 516: 515: 464:Sir Colin Hannah 400:) or two years ( 311:in Canberra and 309:Government House 273:, and bestowing 216: 213: 211: 174: 109:Government House 68: 52: 40: 28: 27: 10269: 10268: 10264: 10263: 10262: 10260: 10259: 10258: 10219: 10218: 10217: 10212: 10102: 10090: 10012: 9984: 9956: 9893: 9874:South Australia 9864:New South Wales 9843: 9832:Solomon Islands 9749: 9744: 9714: 9709: 9696: 9689: 9682: 9675: 9662: 9623:Public holidays 9564: 9508:Life expectancy 9421: 9303: 9254: 9043: 9015: 9001:Protected areas 8907: 8846: 8779: 8770: 8740: 8731: 8642:(xiv) Insurance 8622:(ix) Quarantine 8590: 8583: 7928: 7877: 7826: 7790: 7734: 7678: 7657: 7626: 7590:Executive power 7585: 7549: 7544: 7514: 7509: 7370:Branch stacking 7351: 7344: 7300:Centre Alliance 7294:Country Liberal 7269: 7262: 7223:South Australia 7193:New South Wales 7184: 7177: 7080: 7073: 7003: 6996: 6859: 6852: 6746: 6741: 6711: 6706: 6685: 6659: 6589: 6528: 6491: 6468:Representatives 6467: 6461: 6428: 6419:Longest service 6393: 6347:Representatives 6346: 6340: 6286: 6280: 6271: 6238: 6233: 6203: 6198: 6189: 6180: 6034: 6023: 6018: 5981: 5971: 5949: 5910: 5888: 5869: 5841: 5839:Further reading 5836: 5835: 5825: 5823: 5808: 5804: 5794: 5792: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5762: 5745: 5741: 5726: 5722: 5713: 5709: 5702: 5688: 5684: 5676: 5672: 5664: 5660: 5652: 5648: 5630: 5626: 5613: 5611: 5602: 5601: 5597: 5587: 5585: 5584:on 19 June 2004 5570: 5566: 5548: 5544: 5534:Wayback Machine 5525: 5521: 5506: 5499: 5478: 5477: 5470: 5468: 5465:"Archived copy" 5463: 5459: 5455: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5432: 5428: 5417: 5413: 5402: 5398: 5379:(1 July 2024). 5374: 5370: 5355: 5351: 5340: 5336: 5316: 5312: 5297: 5290: 5280: 5278: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5255: 5253: 5252:on 19 July 2008 5244: 5243: 5239: 5234:Wayback Machine 5224: 5220: 5210: 5208: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5185:Wayback Machine 5174: 5170: 5163: 5149: 5148: 5144: 5134: 5132: 5119: 5118: 5109: 5102: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5073: 5071: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5039: 5037: 5024: 5020: 5013: 4999: 4998: 4991: 4979: 4975: 4965: 4963: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4910: 4906: 4895:Margaret Simons 4888: 4884: 4870: 4868: 4854: 4850: 4843: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4814: 4812: 4810:Australian Army 4804: 4803: 4799: 4791: 4777: 4768: 4757: 4753: 4742: 4738: 4720: 4716: 4697:Stephen, Ninian 4694: 4687: 4676: 4669: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4602: 4597:. 6 March 2009. 4589: 4588: 4584: 4574: 4572: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4531: 4530: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4492: 4483: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4458: 4450:. p. 700. 4446:. Sydney, NSW: 4438: 4434: 4424: 4422: 4411: 4407: 4397: 4395: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4360: 4356: 4349: 4335: 4334: 4327: 4308: 4304: 4291: 4290: 4283: 4276: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4238: 4229: 4219: 4217: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4183: 4179: 4167: 4163: 4153: 4151: 4147: 4140: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4119: 4109: 4105: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4080: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4017: 4010: 4003: 3981: 3974: 3963: 3956: 3949: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3891: 3887: 3869: 3865: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3840: 3818: 3814: 3803: 3799: 3788: 3784: 3773: 3758: 3747: 3743: 3732: 3728: 3717: 3713: 3706: 3688: 3679: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3621: 3602: 3598: 3587: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3533:. 1 July 2019. 3526: 3522: 3521: 3517: 3507: 3505: 3501: 3497:. 1 July 2019. 3490: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3460: 3456: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3420: 3418: 3405: 3404: 3393: 3386: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3353: 3351: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3278: 3274: 3267: 3245: 3236: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3208: 3206: 3191: 3187: 3177: 3175: 3162: 3161: 3154: 3142: 3138: 3128: 3126: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3100: 3099: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3081: 3072: 3068: 3059: 3055: 3050: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2943: 2936: 2874:vice-chancellor 2795:Stanley Baldwin 2787:Lord Stonehaven 2744:Michael Jeffery 2673: 2461:Lord Stonehaven 2406:Colonial Office 2398:Colonial Office 2363: 2362: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2333: 2332: 2331: 2324: 2282: 2166:have the style 2150: 2109: 2094:Samantha Mostyn 2077: 2065:Peking to Paris 2059:Kerr following 2022: 2013: 1984: 1904: 1898: 1874: 1774: 1710:David Gascoigne 1694: 1692:Diplomatic role 1658: 1656:Ceremonial role 1598:of convention. 1582:Prime Minister 1576: 1517: 1449: 1437: 1408: 1407: 1388:South Australia 1368:New South Wales 1355: 1353: 1348: 1347: 1278: 1274: 1266: 1265: 1227: 1214: 1206: 1187:Nationality law 1183: 1171: 1152: 1148: 1140: 1139: 1095: 1091: 1083: 1082: 1069: 1050: 1046: 1038: 1037: 1014: 991: 950: 946: 938: 937: 924: 913:Will Alstergren 897: 870: 834:Stephen Gageler 817: 813: 805: 804: 800:Shadow Ministry 776: 744: 712: 689: 685: 677: 676: 649: 613: 609: 601: 600: 566: 562: 533: 529: 520: 514: 493:William McMahon 484: 458:prime minister 389: 353: 341:Samantha Mostyn 313:Admiralty House 208: 182:29 October 1900 170: 156: 135: 118:Admiralty House 116: 79: 77: 76: 72: 69: 57: 43: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10267: 10257: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10114: 10112: 10108: 10107: 10104: 10103: 10098: 10096: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10051:Cayman Islands 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10022: 10020: 10014: 10013: 10011: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9994: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9983: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9966: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9903: 9901: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9860: 9858: 9849: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9841: 9840: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9764: 9757: 9755: 9751: 9750: 9743: 9742: 9735: 9728: 9720: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9707: 9702: 9695: 9694: 9687: 9680: 9672: 9671: 9668: 9667: 9664: 9663: 9661: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9574: 9572: 9566: 9565: 9563: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9531: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9439: 9433: 9427: 9426: 9423: 9422: 9420: 9419: 9417:Welfare system 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9392:Superannuation 9389: 9387:Stock exchange 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9353: 9352: 9350:Public housing 9345:Home ownership 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9321: 9315: 9309: 9308: 9305: 9304: 9302: 9301: 9300: 9299: 9292:Prime Minister 9289: 9288: 9287: 9277: 9276: 9275: 9264: 9262: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9252: 9250:Shadow Cabinet 9247: 9246: 9245: 9240: 9230: 9228:Public Service 9225: 9224: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9157: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9136: 9131: 9130: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9109: 9104: 9102:Federal budget 9099: 9098: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9061: 9055: 9049: 9048: 9045: 9044: 9042: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9025: 9023: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8957: 8956: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8934:Climate change 8931: 8925: 8919: 8913: 8912: 8909: 8908: 8906: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8863:Constitutional 8860: 8854: 8852: 8848: 8847: 8845: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8793: 8787: 8781: 8780: 8769: 8768: 8761: 8754: 8746: 8737: 8736: 8733: 8732: 8730: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8667:(xxii) Divorce 8664: 8662:(xxi) Marriage 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8637:(xiii) Banking 8634: 8632:(xii) Currency 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8595: 8593: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7940: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7914:VI: New States 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7885: 7883: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7845: 7840: 7834: 7832: 7828: 7827: 7825: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7798: 7796: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7742: 7740: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7686: 7684: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7676: 7671: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7634: 7632: 7631:Judicial power 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7593: 7591: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7557: 7555: 7551: 7550: 7543: 7542: 7535: 7528: 7520: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7502: 7500:Working Family 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7375:Casual vacancy 7372: 7367: 7362: 7356: 7354: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7274: 7272: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7260: 7250: 7240: 7230: 7220: 7210: 7200: 7189: 7187: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7175: 7169: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7127: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7085: 7083: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7030: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7008: 7006: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6994: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6864: 6862: 6854: 6853: 6851: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6822: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6800: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6780:Shadow Cabinet 6772: 6770:Prime Minister 6767: 6762: 6756: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6740: 6739: 6732: 6725: 6717: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6699: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6626: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6599: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6587: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6565:King's Consent 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6545:Joint meetings 6542: 6536: 6534: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6505: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6484: 6471: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6436: 6434: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6405: 6403: 6399: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6391: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6364:Prime Minister 6361: 6356: 6350: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6297: 6295: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6246: 6244: 6240: 6239: 6232: 6231: 6224: 6217: 6209: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6066:Munro Ferguson 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6037: 6035: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6017: 6016: 6009: 6002: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5980: 5979:External links 5977: 5976: 5975: 5969: 5953: 5947: 5931: 5915: 5908: 5892: 5886: 5873: 5867: 5854: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5802: 5772: 5739: 5720: 5714:Gavin Souter, 5707: 5700: 5682: 5680:, p. 164. 5670: 5668:, p. 152. 5658: 5656:, p. 151. 5646: 5624: 5610:. 17 July 2016 5595: 5572:Ross, Thomas. 5564: 5542: 5519: 5497: 5453: 5439: 5426: 5411: 5396: 5368: 5349: 5334: 5310: 5288: 5263: 5237: 5218: 5197:"David Smith, 5188: 5168: 5161: 5142: 5107: 5100: 5081: 5051: 5018: 5011: 4989: 4973: 4939: 4913: 4904: 4891:Malcolm Fraser 4882: 4857:Ninian Stephen 4848: 4841: 4822: 4797: 4766: 4751: 4736: 4714: 4685: 4667: 4650: 4624: 4600: 4582: 4550: 4524: 4481: 4463: 4456: 4432: 4405: 4380: 4354: 4347: 4325: 4302: 4281: 4274: 4255: 4227: 4202: 4195: 4177: 4161: 4129: 4103: 4085: 4078: 4052: 4045: 4026: 4008: 4001: 3972: 3954: 3947: 3928: 3885: 3863: 3845: 3838: 3822:"A Parliament" 3812: 3797: 3782: 3756: 3741: 3726: 3711: 3704: 3677: 3662: 3630: 3619: 3596: 3581: 3551: 3515: 3479: 3472: 3454: 3428: 3391: 3384: 3365: 3329: 3298: 3272: 3265: 3234: 3216: 3185: 3152: 3136: 3111: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3075:Ninian Stephen 3066: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3044: 3033: 3028: 3022: 3017: 3015:British Empire 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2980: 2977: 2944: 2935: 2932: 2811:Lord De L'Isle 2803:Lord Dunrossil 2760:Lord Northcote 2719:was an avowed 2672: 2669: 2665:Clarence House 2657:Prince William 2652:Prince Charles 2633:Robert Menzies 2625:William McKell 2357: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2325: 2318: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2294:Queen Victoria 2290:letters patent 2281: 2278: 2262:His Excellency 2258:Her Excellency 2223:The Honourable 2219:William McKell 2215:the Lord Casey 2193:letters patent 2172:the Honourable 2159:the Honourable 2149: 2146: 2124:court uniforms 2108: 2107:Official dress 2105: 2076: 2073: 2021: 2018: 1977:Kenneth Bailey 1938:letters patent 1897: 1894: 1873: 1872:Community role 1870: 1862:Malcolm Fraser 1826:British Empire 1822:Robert Menzies 1773: 1770: 1693: 1690: 1657: 1654: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1588:Peter Cosgrove 1575: 1574:Reserve powers 1572: 1516: 1513: 1498:Flags Act 1953 1448: 1445: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1435: 1428: 1421: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1364: 1363: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1279: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1251:European Union 1248: 1243: 1238: 1236:United Kingdom 1233: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1213: 1212: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1182: 1181: 1170: 1169: 1160: 1159: 1153: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1096: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1051: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 990: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 958: 957: 951: 944: 943: 940: 939: 936: 935: 930: 923: 922: 920:List of Judges 916: 915: 906: 905: 896: 895: 893:List of Judges 889: 888: 886:Debra Mortimer 879: 878: 869: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 837: 836: 827: 826: 818: 811: 810: 807: 806: 803: 802: 796: 795: 785: 784: 775: 774: 764: 763: 753: 752: 743: 742: 732: 731: 721: 720: 699: 698: 690: 683: 682: 679: 678: 675: 674: 668: 667: 658: 657: 648: 647: 644:Richard Marles 640: 639: 631: 630: 623: 622: 619:Prime Minister 614: 607: 606: 603: 602: 599: 598: 592: 591: 583: 582: 576: 575: 567: 560: 559: 556: 555: 549: 548: 538: 537: 525: 524: 513: 510: 483: 480: 437:Lord Dunrossil 429:letters patent 388: 385: 352: 349: 297:reserve powers 263:prime minister 218: 217: 206: 202: 201: 198: 194: 193: 188: 184: 183: 180: 176: 175: 163: 159: 158: 151: 145: 144: 142:prime minister 130: 126: 125: 106: 100: 99: 94: 88: 87: 81: 80: 70: 63: 62: 59: 58: 53: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10266: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10226: 10224: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10115: 10113: 10109: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10023: 10021: 10019: 10015: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9995: 9993: 9991: 9987: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9963: 9959: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9922:New Brunswick 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9896: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9861: 9859: 9857: 9853: 9850: 9846: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9769: 9768: 9765: 9762: 9759: 9758: 9756: 9752: 9748: 9741: 9736: 9734: 9729: 9727: 9722: 9721: 9718: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9697: 9692: 9688: 9685: 9681: 9678: 9674: 9673: 9669: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9571: 9567: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9523:Ethnic groups 9521: 9519: 9516: 9515: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9440: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9428: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9362:Manufacturing 9360: 9358: 9355: 9351: 9348: 9347: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9322: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9310: 9298: 9295: 9294: 9293: 9290: 9286: 9283: 9282: 9281: 9278: 9274: 9271: 9270: 9269: 9266: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9257: 9251: 9248: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9235: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9216:Republicanism 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9183: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9171:National debt 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9114: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9082: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9062: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9050: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9018: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8955: 8952: 8951: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8926: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8914: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8849: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8794: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8767: 8762: 8760: 8755: 8753: 8748: 8747: 8744: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8627:(x) Fisheries 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8607:(ii) Taxation 8605: 8603: 8600: 8597: 8596: 8594: 8592: 8586: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7938: 7935: 7931: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7909:V: The States 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7880: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7843:The Dismissal 7841: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7829: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7793: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7737: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7681: 7675: 7674:Privy Council 7672: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7660: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7629: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7588: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7541: 7536: 7534: 7529: 7527: 7522: 7521: 7518: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7460:Mortgage belt 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7405:Dorothy Dixer 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7380:Caucus revolt 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7347: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7335:Other parties 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7265: 7258: 7254: 7251: 7248: 7244: 7241: 7238: 7234: 7231: 7228: 7224: 7221: 7218: 7214: 7211: 7208: 7204: 7201: 7198: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7180: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7031: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7005: 6999: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6855: 6849: 6848:Australia Act 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6823: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6781: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6738: 6733: 6731: 6726: 6724: 6719: 6718: 6715: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6592: 6586: 6585:House of Reps 6583: | 6582: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6550:Question time 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6531: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6498: 6488: 6485: 6481: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6464: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6446: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6431: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6389: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6343: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6292: 6289: 6285:Parliamentary 6283: 6278: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6256: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6230: 6225: 6223: 6218: 6216: 6211: 6210: 6207: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6032: 6026: 6022: 6015: 6010: 6008: 6003: 6001: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5972: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5948:9781925501155 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5911: 5909:0-207-18769-X 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5879: 5874: 5870: 5868:0-86861-238-3 5864: 5860: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5842: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5806: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5776: 5760: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5743: 5735: 5731: 5724: 5717: 5711: 5703: 5697: 5693: 5686: 5679: 5674: 5667: 5662: 5655: 5650: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5628: 5621: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5568: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5546: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5528: 5523: 5515: 5511: 5504: 5502: 5492: 5488: 5482: 5466: 5462: 5457: 5449: 5443: 5436: 5435:chief justice 5430: 5424: 5420: 5415: 5409: 5405: 5400: 5393: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5378: 5372: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5347: 5343: 5338: 5330: 5329: 5324: 5320: 5319:Brown, Warren 5314: 5306: 5302: 5295: 5293: 5277: 5273: 5267: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5222: 5206: 5202: 5200: 5192: 5186: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5172: 5164: 5162:0-644-06897-3 5158: 5154: 5153: 5146: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5103: 5101:0-644-06897-3 5097: 5093: 5092: 5085: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5048: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5022: 5014: 5012:0-644-06897-3 5008: 5004: 5003: 4996: 4994: 4986: 4982: 4977: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4943: 4927: 4923: 4922:"Chief Scout" 4917: 4908: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4886: 4879: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4844: 4842:0-644-06897-3 4838: 4834: 4833: 4826: 4811: 4807: 4801: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4764: 4760: 4755: 4749: 4745: 4740: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4718: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4690: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4672: 4660: 4654: 4638: 4634: 4628: 4620: 4613: 4607: 4605: 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Retrieved 5815: 5805: 5793:. Retrieved 5784: 5775: 5763:. Retrieved 5752: 5742: 5733: 5729: 5723: 5715: 5710: 5691: 5685: 5678:Cunneen 1983 5673: 5666:Cunneen 1983 5661: 5654:Cunneen 1983 5649: 5640: 5636: 5627: 5619: 5612:. Retrieved 5607: 5598: 5586:. Retrieved 5582:the original 5577: 5567: 5559:the original 5551:Abbott, Tony 5545: 5537: 5522: 5513: 5469:. Retrieved 5456: 5442: 5429: 5418: 5414: 5403: 5399: 5390: 5384: 5371: 5362: 5352: 5341: 5337: 5326: 5313: 5304: 5279:. Retrieved 5275: 5266: 5254:. Retrieved 5250:the original 5240: 5221: 5209:. Retrieved 5205:the original 5198: 5191: 5175: 5171: 5151: 5145: 5133:. Retrieved 5124: 5090: 5084: 5072:. Retrieved 5063: 5054: 5038:. Retrieved 5028: 5021: 5001: 4980: 4976: 4964:. Retrieved 4960:the original 4955: 4951: 4942: 4930:. Retrieved 4926:the original 4916: 4907: 4898: 4885: 4876: 4869:. Retrieved 4865:the original 4851: 4831: 4825: 4813:. 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FlagPost. 5211:11 February 4966:15 November 4932:15 November 3544:3 September 3508:3 September 3421:3 September 3209:31 December 2899:and former 2850:Bill Hayden 2835:Bill Hayden 2779:Lord Dudley 2740:Lord Gowrie 2725:affirmation 2717:Bill Hayden 2661:John Howard 2445:Lord Milner 2243:Tony Abbott 2239:pre-nominal 2227:Bill Hayden 2069:Lindsay Fox 2005:David Smith 1882:Bill Hayden 1846:John Gorton 1834:Axis powers 1754:ambassadors 1706:Patsy Reddy 1328:Nationalism 1231:New Zealand 1202:Visa policy 866:Beech-Jones 760:Milton Dick 686:Legislature 580:Charles III 531:Politics of 506:John McEwen 497:Harold Holt 351:Appointment 232:Charles III 149:Term length 10223:Categories 10198:Tanganyika 10133:The Gambia 10066:Montserrat 9869:Queensland 9643:Television 9613:Literature 9498:Irreligion 9478:Healthcare 9473:Euthanasia 9453:Censorship 9260:Government 9206:Liberalism 9176:Parliament 8888:Indigenous 8878:Federation 8868:Diplomatic 8842:Since 1945 8807:Prehistory 7933:By section 7882:By 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