Politics of Australia

1681: 1615: 2176: 1267: 1242: 1948: 1185: 1210: 1700:). Elections are held once at least every three years, however the prime minister (historically the Cabinet) may request the governor-general call a new election at any time (however, they retain the discretion to refuse if inadequate reasons for the election are given). However, as Senate elections must occur only during certain periods and as it is generally politically advantageous (while not legally required) to hold House elections at the same time, elections are generally restricted to a ten month window between August and May every three years, with the last split election in 216: 1855:, which is Australia's highest formal executive governmental body. In practice, the Federal Executive Council meets solely to endorse and give legal force to decisions already made by the Cabinet. All members of the Cabinet are members of the Executive Council. While the governor-general is nominal presiding officer, they almost never attends Executive Council meetings. A senior member of the Cabinet holds the office of vice-president of the Executive Council and acts as presiding officer of the Executive Council in the absence of the governor-general. 10964: 2396:

business and the middle classes that has been predominantly conservative and moderate, now the Liberal Party of Australia; and a rural or agrarian conservative party, now the National Party of Australia. While there are a small number of other political parties that have achieved parliamentary representation, these main three dominate organised politics everywhere in Australia and only on rare occasions have any other parties or independent members of parliament played any role at all in the formation or maintenance of governments.

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cabinet, composed of shadow ministers who mirror, scrutinise and oppose government ministers and act as the government in waiting. Although the government, by virtue of commanding a majority of members in the lower house of the Parliament, can usually pass its legislation and control the workings of the House, the opposition can considerably delay the passage of legislation and obstruct government business if it chooses. The day-to-day business of the

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applying those rules to specific situations. In practice however, this definition is difficult to apply as many actions by executive agencies are wide ranging, binding and conducted independently of Parliament. Ultimately whether a power is executive or legislative is determined on a case by case basis, and involves the weighing up of various factors, rather than the application of a strict test.

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education. Additionally, the states can agree to refer any of their powers to the Commonwealth government via legislation, as has been done to allow the Commonwealth to regulate corporations. The federal government can also significantly influence state legislation by making tied grants (money which comes with certain conditions). This is a significant power due to high levels of

1347:. As these territories' legislatures exercise powers devolved to them by the Commonwealth, the Parliament of Australia has the authority to override their legislation and to alter their powers. Australian citizens in these territories are represented by members of both houses of the Parliament of Australia, albeit with less representation in the Senate. 1511:, the role is limited to constitutional and ceremonial duties. Although the governor-general is the King's representative, and exercises various constitutional powers in his name, other powers they independently exercise in their own right. The governor-general also represents Australia internationally, through making and receiving state visits. 1773:

symbolic apex and formal repository of executive power. Below him lies a second layer made up of the prime-minister, cabinet and other ministers who in practice lead the executive. Finally, the bottom layer includes public servants, police, government departments and independent statutory bodies who directly implement policy and laws.

1909:) and the prime minister would retain the right to allocate portfolios. This practice was followed until 2007. Between 1907 and 2007, Labor Prime Ministers exercised a predominant influence over who was elected to Labor ministries, although the leaders of the party factions also exercised considerable influence. Prior to the 2136:

system of proportional representation, which has resulted in a greater presence of minor parties in the Senate. With the exception of a three-year period from 2005 to 2008, no party or coalition has held a majority in the Senate since 1981; this has required governments to frequently seek the support

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As most executive power is granted by statute, the executive power of the federal government is similarly limited to those areas in which the commonwealth is granted the power to legislate under the Constitution. They also retain certain powers traditionally part of the royal prerogative, such as the

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The executive's primary role is to implement the laws passed by the Parliament. Unlike the other two branches of government however, membership of the executive is not clearly defined. One definition describes the executive as a pyramid, consisting of three layers. At the top stands The King, as the

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Parliamentarians belong to either the government, the opposition or sit on the cross-bench (which includes independents and members of minor parties). The opposition consists of members of the second largest party or coalition in the House of Representatives. The Leader of the Opposition heads shadow

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I think that that isn't well understood", said Cindy McCreery, a senior lecturer of history at the University of Sydney. "The fact is that the British monarch is separately, individually monarch of the remaining Commonwealth Realms. "So when King Charles goes to Canada, he is King of Canada, when he

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system, in which the winning candidate obtains over 50% of votes after distribution of preferences; therefore, preference flows from lower-polling candidates are frequently significant in electoral outcomes. Senate elections are contested by half the senators from each state, except in the case of a

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The Cabinet of Australia is the council of senior ministers, responsible to the Parliament. The ministers are appointed by the governor-general, on the advice of the prime minister, who serve at the former's pleasure. Cabinet meetings are strictly private and occur once a week where vital issues are

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The Australian Constitution sets down the powers and responsibilities of many of the institutions of the Australian Commonwealth. However, the prime minister, the cabinet and the other principles of responsible government are not explicitly mentioned in the document, along with most of the realities

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Under the Westminster system of government which Australia has inherited from the United Kingdom ... there is no similar strict separation between legislative and executive power. On the contrary, the executive is integrated into the legislature by the requirement that the ministers responsible for

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The state supreme courts are also considered to be superior courts, those with unlimited jurisdiction to hear disputes and which are the pinnacle of the court hierarchy within their jurisdictions. They were created by means of the constitutions of their respective states or the self government Acts

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It is clear that it is incumbent on the Prime Minister to establish sufficient grounds for the need for dissolution, particularly when the House is not near the end of its three year term. The Governor-General makes a judgment on the sufficiency of the grounds. It is in this situation where it is

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since Federation, more than three years have elapsed between elections. There is a complex formula for determining the date of such elections, which must satisfy section 32 of the Constitution of Australia and sections 156–8 of the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918. These provisions do not allow an

1989:. Additionally, the Parliament has the power to enact laws which vest federal authority in state courts. Since the Constitution requires a separation of powers at the federal level, only courts may exercise federal judicial power; and conversely, non-judicial functions cannot be vested in courts. 1776:

Executive power is also difficult to clearly define. In the British context, it was defined by John Locke as all government power not legislative or judicial in nature. The key distinction is that while legislative power involves setting down rules of general application, executive power involves

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The timing of elections is related to the dissolution or expiry of the House of Representatives, which extends for a maximum period of three years from the date of its first sitting, not the date of the election of its members. The house can be dissolved and a new election called at any time. In

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The federal government may only legislate on certain matters, with any remaining areas falling within the responsibility of the states. For example, the federal government has the responsibility for defence, inter-state trade and bankruptcy while the states have responsibility for healthcare and

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Australian politics operates as a two-party system, as a result of the permanent coalition between the Liberal Party and National Party. Internal party discipline has historically been tight, unlike the situation in other countries such as the United States. Australia's political system has not

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Inferior courts are secondary to superior courts. Their existence stems from legislation and they only have the power to decide on matters which Parliament has granted them. Decisions in inferior courts can be appealed to the superior court in that area, and then to the High Court of Australia.

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is elected on a basis of equality among the states: all states elect 12 senators, regardless of population. This was intended to ensure that smaller states retained influence over legislation and that laws could not be passed with only the support of the more popular states. However due to the

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is the principle the power of state should be shared between multiple bodies, in order to avoid the concentration of power in one entity. The legislature proposes and debates laws that the executive then administers, and the judicial arbitrates cases arising from the administration of laws and

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Organised, national political parties have dominated Australia's political landscape since federation. The late 19th century saw the rise of the Australian Labor Party, which represented organised workers. Opposing interests coalesced into two main parties: a centre-right party with a base in

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The Senate has included representatives from a range of political parties, including several parties that have seldom or never had representation in the House of Representatives, but which have consistently secured a small but significant level of electoral support, as the table shows.

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states. Western Australia, by contrast, tends to be more politically volatile; regarded as the most conservative state during the 2000–10s, it has lately swung to rank amongst the most left-leaning states in the country. It is also known for historical secessionist sentiments.

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Because the Senate's system of single transferable voting requires a lower quota than the House in order to obtain a seat, minor parties have often focused their election efforts on the upper house. This is true also at state level (only the two territories and Queensland are

2543:, also of the Liberal Party, who led for more than 11 years from 1996 to 2007. The Coalition and its direct predecessors have governed at the federal level for a large majority of Australia's history since federation: 30,791 days as compared to Labor's 14,479 days. 1482:

The monarch is the symbolic head of Australia and is ceremonially involved in all branches of the government, as a constitutive part of Parliament, formal holder of executive power and the person in whose name most criminal offences are brought. In a broader sense,

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system. State senators serve staggered fixed six year terms, with half up for election each three years. Territory senators serve a non fixed term equal to that of the House of Representatives, usually around three years. The most recent general election was on

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double dissolution where all senators contest the election; senators representing the territories are elected and sworn into office simultaneously with the House of Representatives rather than the rest of the Senate. All senators are elected using the

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The Federal Executive Council is a formal body which exists and meets to give legal effect to decisions made by the Cabinet, and to carry out various other functions. All ministers are members of the council and are entitled to be styled

1789:, as powers "peculiarly adapted to the government of a nation and which cannot otherwise be carried on for the benefit of the nation". They have been found to include the power to provide financial stimulus payments to households during 2206:

are structured within a political framework similar to that of the Commonwealth. Each state has its own bicameral parliament, with the exception of Queensland and the two territories, whose parliaments are unicameral. Each state has a

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When the non-Labor parties are in power, the prime minister makes all Cabinet and ministerial appointments at their own discretion, although in practice they consult with senior colleagues in making appointments. When the

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The Constitution of Australia does not explicitly mention Cabinet; it existing solely by convention, with its decisions not in and of themselves having legal force. However, it serves as the practical expression of the

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The cabinet meets not only in Canberra but also in state capitals, most frequently Sydney and Melbourne. Kevin Rudd was in favour of the Cabinet meeting in other places, such as major regional cities. There are

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This article is about the political structure of Australia. For the group that administers the executive authority of the federal government by virtue of holding a majority in the House of Representatives, see

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There are exceptions to the convention that the Governor-General should act only on advice. These are the 'reserve powers', which the Governor-General can exercise in the absence of, or even contrary to, such

10863: 9625: 2149:). Historically it has been comparatively rarer for minor parties and independents to win seats in the House of Representatives, although the size of the crossbench has been on an increasing trend since the 1140:, there is no strict separation between the executive and legislative branches, with ministers required to also be members of the legislature. Only the High Court can deem if a law is constitutional or not. 1894:, the leader of the junior Coalition party has had the right to nominate their party's members of the Coalition ministry, and to be consulted by the Prime Minister on the allocation of their portfolios. 7509: 7346: 8204: 8411: 1117:, each representing an individual electoral district of about 165,000 people. The Senate has 76 members: twelve from each of the six states and two each from Australia's internal territories, the 2373:

In recent decades there has been a marked shift amongst the Australian electorate in providing their first preference votes to candidates not belonging to either of the two major parties. At the

1905:, Watson assumed the right to choose members of his Cabinet. In 1907, however, the party decided that future Labor Cabinets would be elected by the members of the parliamentary Labor Party, (the 1487:

represents the authority of the polity itself. However, in all these functions they are represented by the governor-general, whose appointment is the only mandatory function of the monarch. The

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Each chamber of Parliament has equal powers, with the exception that the Senate may not introduce "money bills" (new taxes or laws authorising expenditure). However, the Senate can still block

8123: 10286: 2212: 7983: 8928: 7561: 7406: 2120:. Although it is possible to hold elections for the House and Senate separately, it is the convention to hold simultaneous elections for both houses; every national election since 1708:. Unlike in the Senate, in which each state is represented equally, each state has a number of seats roughly proportional to its population; as such the house is also known as the 12078: 8867: 8709: 8441: 2215:, who is the head of government and is equivalent to the prime minister. Each state also has its own supreme court, from which appeals can be made to the High Court of Australia. 8471: 7154: 1090:

consists of the party or coalition that had majority support in the lower house and exercises both executive (as ministers) and legislative (through control of the House) power.

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can advise the governor-general to call an election for the House of Representatives at any time, but Senate elections can only be held within certain periods prescribed in the

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In contemporary Australian political culture, the Coalition (Liberal and National parties) is considered centre-right and the Australian Labor Party is considered centre-left.

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was confirmed as the highest court of appeal. The theoretical possibility of the British Parliament enacting laws to override the Australian Constitution was also removed.

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of the Commonwealth by enacting legislation. It also supervises the executive actions of the government, through activities such as question time and Senate estimates. The

8053: 8145: 7099: 1665:, of which they must be (or shortly become) members. In the Senate, 12 senators are from each State and 2 senators from the ACT and the NT respectively are elected by an 9763: 10348: 2430:

is a party of the centre-right which broadly represents businesses, the middle classes and many rural people. Its permanent coalition partner at national level is the

2166: 1450:(previously separate colonies). Further, each state has its own constitution, so that Australia has seven Parliaments, with legislative power shared between them. The 590: 8897: 8021: 1970:

there is only one common law of the nation, rather than a common law for each state. Additionally, unlike Canada and the US, there is no distinct federal common law.

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Until 1956 all members of the ministry were members of the Cabinet. The growth of the ministry in the 1940s and 1950s made this increasingly impractical, and in 1956

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with a president nominated by the prime minister, but subject to the approval of a two-thirds majority of both houses of Parliament. The proposal was defeated. The

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of the Liberal Party, who served for 19 years from 1939 to 1941, and again from 1949 to 1966. The only other prime minister to serve for longer than a decade was

1917:, said that he and he alone would choose the ministry should he become prime minister. His party won the election and he chose the ministry, as he said he would. 11232: 10604: 8771: 1736: 943: 647: 2637: 1328:, this role is much less visible. The Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory, the only territories represented in Senate, each elect only two. 8502: 7066: 9917:

Chen, Peter (2019). Chen, Peter; Barry, Nicholas; Butcher, John; Clune, David; Cook, Ian; Garnier, Adele; Haigh, Yvonne; Motta, Sara; Taflaga, Marija (eds.).

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Results represent the composition of the Senate after the elections. The full Senate has been contested on eight occasions; the inaugural election and seven

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the governor-general's powers are almost always exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister or other ministers. However, the governor-general retains some

7288:"The Constitution and the Australian System of Limited Government, Responsible Government and Representative Democracy: Revisiting the Washminster Mutation" 12095: 11066: 10291: 8101: 2092: 1447: 577: 512: 7497: 9354: 8324: 669: 2301:

The Australian party system has been described by political scientists as more ideologically driven than other similar anglophone countries such as the

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arbitrates on any disputes which arise between the federal government and the states and territories, or among the states and territories themselves.

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was self-governing from 1979 until 2015, although it was never represented as such in the Parliament of Australia. The other inhabited territories:

10476: 9000: 6883: 2627: 642: 405: 395: 2157:, saw the election of a historically large crossbench in the House of Representatives consisting of six minor party members and ten independents. 11976: 10004: 9373: 7591: 432: 422: 1781:

power to declare war and enter into treaties. Finally, there exists certain "nationhood powers", inferred by the High Court by implication from

11308: 10894: 10333: 9398: 8115: 7313: 7748: 2434:, formerly known as the Country Party, a conservative party which represents rural interests. These two parties are collectively known as the 11981: 10644: 8746: 1712:. The prime minister is selected from the House, needing the support of the majority of members in order to be invited to form a government. 414: 9256: 7472: 12246: 10945: 10800: 9833: 9673: 9160: 6904: 301: 8956: 11247: 10889: 10619: 10526: 9022: 7788: 2020: 1782: 1530:, despite being held by the same person. As such, in Commonwealth matters, the monarch is only advised by Commonwealth ministers. By the 1439: 936: 627: 9599: 7121: 585: 11502: 10472: 7699: 2628: 1992:

State judicial power is exercised by each state's supreme court, and such other courts and tribunals created by the state parliaments.

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party. It is a left leaning party with tendency towards social welfare and government assistance programs. It was founded by the

2072: 1922: 1821: 1593: 517: 9650: 2233:. New South Wales, the largest state by population, as well as South Australia have often been regarded as politically moderate 1824:

presides at the meeting of the council. Since 1 June 2022, the vice-president of the Federal Executive Council has been Senator

12023: 11833: 11641: 11555: 10968: 10537: 10410: 10368: 9314: 8815: 2709: 2386: 929: 763: 748: 540: 2631: 2245:. There is only one level of local government in Australia; with none of the distinctive local government types seen in other 1843:

discussed and policy formulated. Outside the cabinet there is an outer ministry and also a number of junior ministers, called

11759: 10522: 10056: 9862: 9843: 9582: 8370: 7208: 6848: 2366:. The Labor Party still maintains its socialist objective in its constitution; however, it is seen by some as an ideological 2071:, and associated legislation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, some Australian cases could be referred to the British 1852: 1806: 1728: 1720: 1562: 1256: 910: 753: 166: 2634: 2630: 12035: 11575: 11570: 11565: 10873: 10709: 10559: 10486: 10415: 10373: 10088: 8386: 8043: 6755: 6748: 6685: 6678: 6636: 6599: 6592: 6557: 6552: 6523: 6516: 6469: 2701: 2532: 2439: 1740: 1435: 1106: 261: 9791:"A database of elections, governments, parties and representation for Australian state and federal parliaments since 1890" 2635: 1576:, the Australian people voted on a proposal to change the Constitution. The proposal would have removed references to the 440: 12422: 12366: 12261: 11767: 11601: 11515: 11090: 10989: 10492: 10462: 10425: 10383: 10271: 10078: 9997: 9705: 8966: 8938: 2657: 2242: 2203: 2016: 1685: 1650: 1573: 1404:

The Parliament of Australia can propose changes to the Constitution. To become effective, the proposals must be put to a

1308: 1293: 981: 743: 558: 237: 1561:, being powers not subject to the approval of another person or institution. These are rarely exercised, but during the 12429: 11560: 11540: 10868: 10516: 10506: 10281: 7216:

the departments of government must be Members of Parliament accountable to it through such mechanisms as question time.

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of the Constitution provides for the Australian government's legislative powers and allocates certain powers (known as

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election to be held less than 33 days or more than 68 days after the dissolution of the House of Representatives. See

11971: 11872: 11772: 11692: 11626: 10909: 9936: 9239: 9214: 8575: 8550: 7963: 7810: 6055: 2632: 1055: 735: 572: 10654: 8075: 7053: 2309:. In early Australian political history, class interests played a significant role in the division between the then- 11699: 11636: 11621: 11459: 11323: 10442: 10261: 10243: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 6909: 6873: 6736: 6666: 6577: 6504: 6457: 6409: 6361: 6313: 6265: 6213: 6164: 6116: 6065: 6010: 5964: 5920: 5877: 5826: 5774: 5601: 5558: 5515: 5426: 5377: 5334: 5291: 5248: 5205: 5162: 5119: 5076: 5033: 4990: 4943: 4900: 4854: 4810: 4767: 4721: 4670: 4617: 4476: 4442: 4408: 4374: 4340: 4306: 4272: 4238: 4204: 4170: 4136: 4102: 4068: 4034: 4000: 3966: 3932: 3898: 3864: 3830: 3796: 3762: 3728: 3694: 3660: 3626: 3592: 3558: 3524: 3490: 3456: 3422: 3388: 3354: 3320: 3286: 3252: 3218: 3184: 3150: 3116: 3082: 3048: 3014: 2927: 2847: 2772: 2661: 2633: 2629: 2405: 2401: 2374: 2154: 2150: 2121: 1910: 1705: 1674: 1504: 722: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 7722: 1862:

created a two-tier ministry, with only senior ministers holding Cabinet rank, also known within parliament as the

1382:, depending on the state). Their powers are devolved to them by the state or territory in which they are located. 12140: 11939: 11929: 11865: 11606: 11580: 11140: 10318: 9906: 9887: 8654: 8048: 6951: 6878: 6843: 6631: 5730: 5687: 5644: 5472: 4708: 2872: 1732: 1701: 1532: 1311:

is elected on a basis that reflects the differing populations of the states. Therefore, the most populous state,

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House of Representatives elections are contested by all seats. Representatives are elected using the Australian

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As a federation, in Australia judicial power is exercised by both federal and state courts. However, unlike the

1680: 12464: 12226: 12125: 11845: 11823: 11729: 11535: 11495: 11199: 11025: 10594: 10482: 10405: 10363: 10066: 9990: 9484:

Kelley, Jonathan; McAllister, Ian (1985). "Class and Party in Australia: Comparison with Britain and the USA".

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Local government in Australia is the lowest tier of government. Local governments are subject to the relevant

12376: 12293: 12169: 12018: 12011: 11882: 11828: 11631: 11611: 11469: 11114: 10848: 10599: 10452: 10430: 10420: 10388: 10378: 10338: 10323: 10303: 10137: 10127: 10034: 9168: 8510: 7749:"Australia's new king will be officially crowned in a few months. Here's what an alternative could look like" 7287: 6934: 6868: 6788: 2486: 2170: 2138: 1906: 1817: 1765: 1581: 1467: 1367: 1333: 1297: 1292:, with different powers and responsibilities for the three levels of government: the federal government, the 997: 835: 810: 773: 768: 603: 507: 174: 100: 7836: 1526:, the Monarch of Australia (along with the monarchies of the other dominions) is a separate office from the 1307:

were the subject of protracted negotiations among the colonies during the drafting of the Constitution. The

1171:), along with distinctive local features, and has therefore been characterised as a "Washminster mutation". 12361: 12155: 11892: 11855: 11734: 11724: 11596: 11429: 11414: 11386: 11343: 11051: 10899: 10838: 10579: 10512: 10502: 6657: 5864: 5812: 2505: 2489:(not to be confused with the historical incarnation that was the predecessor to the Liberal party) and the 2478: 2047: 1666: 1597: 1566: 1340: 1118: 617: 9790: 9699: 12130: 12088: 12083: 12030: 11777: 11744: 11672: 11353: 11273: 11164: 11076: 11011: 10853: 10833: 10555: 10049: 10039: 9764:"Halfway through their term, the 'teal' MPs look here to stay – and may present a huge challenge in 2025" 8837: 8316: 8266: 7991: 7924: 7228: 7061: 6853: 4545: 2697: 2609: 2431: 2333: 2113: 2105: 2088: 1891: 1887: 1543: 1515: 1063: 1040: 1005: 915: 131: 9575:

How labour built neoliberalism : Australia's accord, the labour movement and the neoliberal project

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generally recognised that the Governor-General may exercise a discretion not to accept the advice given.

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were elected in the 2022 election, taking many seats previously held by moderate Liberal Party members.

1374:, towns or cities. The councils of these areas are composed of elected representatives (known as either 12196: 12100: 11954: 11909: 11813: 11449: 11409: 11179: 11005: 10919: 10551: 9768: 8685: 8576:"The Commonwealth Executive Power: Historical Constitutional Origins and the Future of the Prerogative" 8349: 7695: 7634: 7458: 7187: 6930: 4540: 2693: 2591: 2552: 2427: 2420: 2329: 2249:

nations. Most local governments within the states have equivalent powers to each other; styles such as

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Map showing the jurisdictions of Australia and their governing political parties as of August 2024.

2175: 12231: 12216: 12063: 11899: 11860: 11687: 11214: 11169: 10254: 9041: 8992: 8742: 8663: 8503:"Explainer: what is executive government and what does it have to do with the Voice to Parliament?" 6838: 6712: 6248: 6199: 6151: 5416: 2973: 2952: 2677: 1669: 1508: 1405: 1156: 895: 714: 522: 1820:

usually presides at council meetings, but in his or her absence another minister nominated as the

1719:(the annual bill authorising government expenditure), but this has only happened once, during the 1503:, however in almost all matters the governor-general performs the functions of the head of state, 12381: 12256: 12236: 12211: 12191: 11944: 11914: 11739: 11616: 11545: 11333: 10976: 10739: 10095: 10073: 9759: 8838:"Why is it that the Prime Minister and Cabinet are not mentioned in the Australian Constitution?" 8182: 8150: 7505: 7354: 7125: 7095: 2344: 2317: 2270: 2117: 2076: 2055: 1996: 1974: 1752: 1630: 1609: 1451: 1423: 1360: 1304: 1273: 1199: 1152: 1079: 1059: 1028: 969: 965: 961: 850: 830: 825: 335: 207: 197: 11194: 10785: 9399:"The WA election has left the Liberals decimated and in the wilderness, facing a long road back" 7255: 7229:"How have the British and US systems of government influenced the Australian government system?" 1143:

The Australian system of government combines elements derived from the political systems of the

12288: 12266: 12241: 12206: 12186: 12150: 11988: 11959: 11949: 11924: 11887: 11818: 11655: 11550: 11266: 10985: 10843: 10759: 10734: 10659: 10584: 10296: 10100: 9918: 7617: 6955: 6938: 6863: 4572: 4535: 2902: 2887: 2822: 2807: 2747: 2732: 2713: 2669: 2573: 2558: 2497: 2412: 2351:, although it has pursued a liberal economic and social policy since the prime ministership of 2313: 2274: 2246: 2211:, who undertakes a role equivalent to that of the governor-general at the federal level, and a 1947: 1938: 1898: 1883: 1662: 1083: 1075: 1071: 900: 880: 855: 840: 795: 458: 325: 293: 9297: 9094: 8799: 8797: 8734: 8609: 7767:

goes to Australia, he's King of Australia, and that those are actually separate relationships.

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The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts

7502:

The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts

1847:, responsible for a specific policy area and reporting directly to a senior Cabinet minister. 1031:

in 1901. Australia is the world's sixth oldest continuous democracy and largely operates as a

12351: 12283: 12181: 12135: 11998: 11904: 11677: 11204: 11031: 10999: 10754: 10589: 10563: 10547: 10313: 10029: 8681: 7027: 6778: 6717: 6626: 4567: 2705: 2689: 2685: 2443: 2435: 2325: 2128: 1786: 1693: 1658: 1463: 1427: 1087: 1044: 985: 368: 121: 84: 23: 9901: 8970: 8942: 12415: 12386: 12308: 12145: 12115: 12051: 12006: 11719: 11714: 11682: 11667: 11523: 11318: 11209: 11159: 11100: 10858: 10714: 10699: 10689: 10328: 10044: 9449:

Johanson, Katya; Glow, Hilary (2008). "Culture and Political Party Ideology in Australia".

9139: 9027: 8961: 8933: 8794: 8659: 8641: 7956:

Blackshield and Williams Australian Constitutional Law and Theory: Commentary and Materials

7753: 7201:

Blackshield and Williams Australian constitutional law and theory: commentary and materials

6926: 6858: 4557: 2516: 2509: 2310: 1837: 1488: 1398: 1352: 1252: 1164: 1128: 1114: 1067: 567: 215: 184: 2075:

for final appeal. With this act, Australian law was made unequivocally sovereign, and the

1397:

of exercise of executive power. This reflected the British influence on the document with

8: 12336: 12278: 12110: 12073: 11803: 11464: 11368: 11289: 10694: 7780: 6972: 6562: 2897: 2817: 2742: 2681: 2665: 2582: 2490: 2474: 2219: 1952: 1614: 1184: 704: 12438: 12396: 12371: 12356: 12346: 12341: 12331: 12298: 12201: 12105: 11709: 11704: 11439: 11363: 10764: 10679: 10629: 10117: 9942: 9501: 9466: 9203: 9061: 8676: 8556: 7691: 6641: 6621: 6547: 6444: 6396: 4521: 2536: 2493: 2294: 2230: 2067: 2051: 2028: 1867: 1793:

and the power to prevent "unlawful non-citizens" from entering the country (during the

1716: 1577: 1554: 1538: 1496: 1344: 1266: 1144: 1137: 1122: 1051: 1001: 973: 378: 373: 7129: 1241: 12326: 12068: 11358: 11348: 11338: 11328: 11080: 11019: 10993: 10574: 10083: 10061: 9946: 9932: 9868: 9858: 9839: 9734: 9578: 9470: 9235: 9210: 9152: 9090: 9065: 8546: 8533:

Crown and Sword: Executive Power and the Use of Force by the Australian Defence Force

8366: 8095: 7959: 7204: 4562: 2673: 2520: 2454: 2363: 1642: 1638: 1626: 1431: 1339:

In addition, Australia has several territories, two of which are self-governing: the

1320: 1110: 1036: 1016: 905: 890: 229: 177: 7895: 1446:) to the federal government. All remaining legislative power is retained by the six 12443: 11877: 11434: 11391: 11313: 10774: 10724: 10704: 9924: 9493: 9458: 9053: 8590: 8536: 7866: 7268: 6922: 6816: 6252: 2892: 2812: 2737: 2653: 2600: 2416: 2348: 1572:

Australia has periodically experienced movements seeking to end the monarchy. In a

1505:

leading some commentators to contend that the governor-general is the head of state

1356: 1248: 1148: 1032: 1009: 989: 873: 535: 445: 139: 1093: 11242: 11108: 11045: 11041: 10639: 10569: 9551: 9124:', speech given at the Peter Nygh Memorial Lecture, 15 October 2012, Hobart, p 3. 9121: 7536:

The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications

6830: 6707: 2462: 2039: 2012: 2008: 1325: 1312: 1232: 885: 425: 358: 346: 9374:"State of the states: why Labor's fortunes are on the rise in Western Australia" 2011:

in Australia. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, has the power of

12321: 11122: 10769: 9928: 9855:

Government powers under a Federal Constitution: Constitutional Law in Australia

2647: 2450: 2279: 1926: 1859: 1825: 1813: 1558: 1547: 1348: 1209: 398: 156: 9872: 9727:"Teal independents: who are they and how did they upend Australia's election?" 8804: 8560: 7814: 7272: 2229:. Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory are regarded as comparatively 2019:, and interprets the Constitution of Australia. The High Court is mandated by 1235:, who by Section 63 of the Constitution follows the Executive Council's advice 12458: 11035: 10729: 10674: 10649: 9738: 2302: 2283: 2112:

At a national level, elections are held at least once every three years. The

2101: 2000: 1963: 1500: 993: 363: 353: 9462: 2097: 1757: 1472: 1412:: a majority of all votes, and a majority of votes in a majority of states. 55: 11118: 11094: 10684: 10664: 10634: 9626:"Liberals are conservatives while Labor is the true party of Alfred Deakin" 9084: 8262: 8233: 7473:"Renewing federalism: what are the solutions to Vertical Fiscal Imbalance?" 2482: 2359: 2222:(except for Tasmania, where the premier decides the date of the election). 2015:

over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the

1902: 1794: 1420: 1336:

arising because of the limited revenue raising capabilities of the states.

1168: 304: 12391: 12251: 11184: 10719: 10669: 9674:"Reviewing an anachronism? Labor to debate future of socialist objective" 9042:"The Common Law in Australia: Its Nature and Constitutional Significance" 2540: 2466: 2438:. In only Queensland, the two parties have officially merged to form the 2367: 2290: 1863: 1569:

used them to dismiss the prime minister when he failed to secure supply.

1492: 1216: 272: 220: 92: 9982: 9057: 8541: 7420: 7418: 7416: 6824: 2408:) but nor has it always been as internally stable as in recent decades. 2027:

of the Commonwealth of Australia. The High Court was constituted by the

11104: 11055: 10744: 7149: 7147: 2676:

majority. Prior to 1909 a three-party system existed in the chamber. A

2234: 2146: 1977:

and such other federal courts created by the Parliament, including the

1914: 1375: 1289: 1219:, who appoints the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister 1160: 1133: 977: 679: 283: 251: 108: 11258: 9838:(7th ed.). Canberra: Department of the House of Representatives. 9505: 9333:"Victoria not likely to lose its mantle as the state most progressive" 9278: 8594: 8238:"Why the 2022 House and Senate Elections will be held on the same day" 2195: 11511: 11480: 10021: 7413: 2352: 2286:

of the Labor party, that party's longest-serving parliamentary leader

2108:

from 2010 to 2013 and the first female Prime Minister of the country.

2024: 1790: 1634: 1484: 820: 240: 9563:

Lavelle, A. The Death of Social Democracy. 2008. Ashgate Publishing.

7144: 2442:, and in the Northern Territory, the National Party is known as the 10749: 9497: 2496:, among others. Historically significant parties have included the 2458: 1379: 1316: 1195: 74: 1225: 11128: 10815: 9069: 8766: 8764: 8624: 7925:"Who has more power, the Governor-General or the Prime Minister?" 7844: 7341: 7339: 7299: 2153:

The most recent Australian federal election, which took place on

1866:. This practice has been continued by all governments except the 1105:) comprises the monarch and is bicameral (has two chambers): the 2297:

of the Liberal party, Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister

980:, where power is divided between the federal government and the 9798: 2306: 1967: 1959: 1764:, also known as "Yarralumla", is the official residence of the 1692:

In the House of Representatives, 151 members are elected using

8761: 8082:. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 1 March 2000 7813:. Office of the Governor-General. 20 July 2015. Archived from 7336: 2626: 2481:. Other significant parties in recent years have included the 1499:, and the sovereign of the United Kingdom. The monarch is the 9089:(SSRN Scholarly Paper), Rochester, NY: University of Sydney, 4511: 2962: 2546: 2423:

and broadly represents the urban working and middle classes.

1371: 9417:"Perth turns red as Labor delivers election bloodbath in WA" 2648:

House of Representatives primary, two-party and seat results

2515:

A collection of climate conscious, socially progressive and

9960:

Department of the Senate, 'Electing Australia's Senators',

9857:(2nd ed.). Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co (Thomas Reuters). 8472:"Separation of powers: Parliament, Executive and Judiciary" 8116:"Separation of powers: Parliament, Executive and Judiciary" 7155:"Separation of powers: Parliament, Executive and Judiciary" 2218:

State and territory elections occur every four years using

1324:

emergence of strong parties with senators that very rarely

7347:"Infosheet 8 – Elections for the House of Representatives" 7203:(7th ed.). Sydney: The Federation Press. p. 25. 2377:

31% gave their preference to a non-major party candidate.

2167:

Electoral systems of the Australian states and territories

8706:

Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet of Australia

8076:"Referendum '99 National Results – Question 1 – Republic" 1542:, and in 1973 titles with any reference to her status as 1097:

Diagram of the roles of Australian political institutions

730: 9434:

Woodward, Dennis; Parkin, Andrew; Summers, John (2010).

8644: at para 19 of Mason J's opinion, (1975) 134 CLR 338 7958:(7th ed.). Sydney: Federation Press. p. 438 . 6796:

Single transferable vote (Optional preferential voting)

6731:

Single transferable vote (Optional preferential voting)

1215:

The executive: The Head of State and King of Australia,

7954:

Williams, George; Brennan, Sean; Lynch, Andrew (2018).

7562:"Cocos (Keeling) Islands governance and administration" 7199:

Williams, George; Brennan, Sean; Lynch, Andrew (2018).

2054:. Appeals may be made from state supreme courts to the 1925:

in each state capital, with those in Sydney located in

9824: 9135:

R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers' Society of Australia

6912:

for an example of how the formula applies in practice.

2204:

Australia's six states and the two largest territories

1177:

The three branches of Australia's system of government

9433: 9348: 9346: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9184:"So when is the next federal election? A quick guide" 8412:"Infosheet 19 – The House, government and opposition" 7006:

Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development

2680:(2PP) has been calculated since the 1919 change from 2137:

of minor parties or independent senators holding the

1536:, the Australian Parliament gave the Queen the title 11919: 7953: 7498:"Jervis Bay Territory governance and administration" 7198: 7032:

Voting within Australia – Frequently Asked Questions

6806: 2660:

since the two non-Labor parties merged in 1909. The

2343:

is largely represented by the Coalition, along with

2093:

Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives

2034:. The High Court is composed of seven Justices: the 1408:

of all Australians of voting age and must receive a

1113:(upper house). The House of Representatives has 151 786: 9436:

Government, Politics, Power and Policy in Australia

8080:

Australian Electoral Commission – Virtual Tallyroom

7399:"Senate Briefs No.1: Electing Australia's Senators" 2692:. ALP = Australian Labor Party, L+NP = grouping of 2362:have argued that the ALP should be reclassified as 9343: 9285: 9202: 9167:from the original on 23 February 2017 – via 7254: 2316:and a series of anti-Labor parties drawing on the 2260: 8735:"Senator Katy Gallagher, ACT (OpenAustralia.org)" 7662:"Three levels of government: governing Australia" 7426:"Three levels of government: governing Australia" 4524:. These are underlined and highlighted in puce. 2457:(the largest of the minor parties since 2004); a 2391:List of historical political parties in Australia 12456: 9483: 9451:The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society 8100:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7532:"Christmas Island governance and administration" 7320:. Parliamentary Education Office. Archived from 6884:Proportional Representation Society of Australia 4526: 8957:"Cutting bureaucracy won't hurt services: Rudd" 8610:"Nationhood and Section 61 of the Constitution" 6571:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 6499:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 6452:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 6404:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 6356:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 6308:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 6260:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 6208:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 6159:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 6111:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 2449:Minor parties in Australian politics include a 9920:Australian Politics and Policy: Senior Edition 9254: 8205:"Powers and functions of the Governor-General" 7046: 11496: 11274: 10946: 10801: 9998: 9953:Robert Corcoran and Jackie Dickenson (2010), 9651:"Fact check: Are Labor's policies socialist?" 9521:"Did Australia just make a move to the left?" 8267:"When can the Next Federal Election be Held?" 2160: 2141:in order to secure their legislative agenda. 1315:, has 48 members, while the least populated, 937: 415:Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia 9448: 7381:"Senate Briefs No. 9: Origins of the Senate" 2708:Coalition parties (and predecessors), Oth = 2124:has been for both the House and the Senate. 1696:in single member electorates (also known as 1303:The federal nature and the structure of the 9831: 9352: 9023:Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation 7692:"Arbitration and international arbitration" 2324:traditions (the predecessors of the modern 1746: 1737:Manager of Opposition Business in the House 1735:, appointed by the prime minister, and the 1054:, Australia's federal system of government 11503: 11489: 11281: 11267: 10953: 10939: 10808: 10794: 10005: 9991: 9355:"Poll divides the nation into three zones" 8617:University of Western Australia Law Review 8607: 8014:"Reserve Powers and the Whitlam dismissal" 4512:Historical party composition of the Senate 2547:Prime ministers' parties by time in office 2358:Parliamentary Labor Party members such as 944: 930: 10012: 9724: 9518: 9279:"Australia ready for first female leader" 9161:Attorney-General's Department (Australia) 8699:"Federal Executive Council Handbook 2021" 8583:University of New South Wales Law Journal 8573: 8540: 7292:University of New South Wales Law Journal 6999: 2535:. The longest-serving prime minister was 9832:Elder, D.R.; Fowler, P.E., eds. (2018). 9697: 9572: 9545:Australian Labor Party National Platform 8993:"Commonwealth Parliament Offices (CPOs)" 8501:Appleby, Gabrielle (14 September 2023). 8321:The Parliamentary Education Office (PEO) 8120:The Parliamentary Education Office (PEO) 7988:The Parliamentary Education Office (PEO) 7929:The Parliamentary Education Office (PEO) 7720: 7470: 7285: 7275:– via Taylor & Francis Online. 7252: 2718: 2347:. The Labor Party categorises itself as 2289: 2278: 2225:Queensland is regarded as comparatively 2194: 2174: 2096: 1973:Federal judicial power is vested in the 1962:there is only one legal system and like 1946: 1756: 1679: 1613: 1563:Australian constitutional crisis of 1975 1471: 1092: 11288: 9229: 9082: 8926: 8500: 7896:"Royal Style and Titles Act 1973 (Cth)" 7867:"Royal Style and Titles Act 1953 (Cth)" 7746: 7261:Australian Journal of Political Science 7034:. Australian Electoral Commission. 2015 3308: 3104: 3036: 2073:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 1822:Vice-President of the Executive Council 1594:Australians for Constitutional Monarchy 1580:from the Constitution and replaced the 1074:, and government departments), and the 1052:Westminster-style systems of government 670:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 34:This article is part of a series on the 12457: 11510: 9353:Megalogenis, George (23 August 2010). 9181: 8997:Ministerial and Parliamentary Services 8178:"No.1 – Electing Australia's Senators" 7747:McElroy, Nicholas (23 December 2022). 6986: 2387:List of political parties in Australia 1419:creates a democratic legislature, the 1101:The federal Parliament (as defined in 11484: 11262: 10934: 10789: 9986: 9817: 9758: 9597: 9039: 8530: 8422:from the original on 20 December 2021 8261: 8232: 7778: 7471:Galligan, Brian (15 September 2014). 7054:Democracy Index 2023: Age of Conflict 6968: 6966: 6964: 6849:List of sanctions involving Australia 4586: 4576: 4529: 2906: 2881: 2826: 2801: 2751: 2726: 2400:always been a two-party system (e.g. 1913:, the then Leader of the Opposition, 1807:Federal Executive Council (Australia) 1721:1975 Australian constitutional crisis 1231:The executive: The Governor-General, 9916: 9852: 9371: 9200: 8482:from the original on 31 October 2023 8360: 8292:"About the House of Representatives" 7314:"Australasian Federation Convention" 7165:from the original on 31 October 2023 2918: 2838: 2763: 2561:– 14479 days as of 27 September 2024 2380: 1800: 1430:and two chambers of parliament, the 1015:The country has maintained a stable 11070:(parties not represented federally) 9955:A Dictionary of Australian Politics 9706:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 9671: 9257:"Why Labor struggles in Queensland" 9234:. Crimson Publishing. p. 478. 9086:Common Law Within Three Federations 8967:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 8939:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 8535:. Canberra: ANU Press. p. 10. 8317:"How is the Prime Minister chosen?" 2688:and subsequent introduction of the 2658:Australian House of Representatives 2199:States and territories of Australia 1686:Australian House of Representatives 1590:an end to the monarchy in Australia 1495:, is also the monarch of the other 1247:The executive: The Prime Minister, 13: 10297:State and Territory Shadow Cabinet 9957:, Allen and Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW 9880: 9438:(9th ed.). Pearson Australia. 9315:"Victoria: the left-leaning state" 8969:. 21 November 2007. Archived from 8927:Worsley, Ben (11 September 2007). 8908:from the original on 28 April 2023 8782:from the original on 12 March 2023 8749:from the original on 11 March 2023 8574:Greentree, Catherine Dale (2020). 8056:from the original on 28 March 2022 8024:from the original on 18 March 2022 7935:from the original on 25 March 2023 7791:from the original on 25 March 2023 7594:. Parliamentary Education Office. 7409:from the original on 26 June 2023. 6961: 2531:Since federation, there have been 1987:Federal Circuit Court of Australia 1886:) have been in coalition with the 1731:is usually negotiated between the 1363:, have never been self-governing. 996:and is represented locally by the 54: 14: 12476: 10915:Heard Island and McDonald Islands 9835:House of Representatives Practice 9623: 9255:Georgia Waters (23 August 2010). 9209:. Rough Guides Ltd. p. 397. 9190:. Research paper series, 2022–23. 9115:Two Chapters about Judicial Power 9083:Leeming, Mark (8 November 2007), 9003:from the original on 26 June 2023 8929:"Rudd seizes power from factions" 8878:from the original on 27 June 2023 8848:from the original on 26 June 2023 8818:from the original on 26 June 2023 8715:from the original on 3 March 2023 8452:from the original on 27 June 2023 8327:from the original on 27 June 2023 8158:from the original on 27 June 2023 8126:from the original on 26 June 2023 7702:from the original on 26 June 2023 7598:from the original on 26 June 2023 7572:from the original on 26 June 2023 7542:from the original on 26 June 2023 7512:from the original on 26 June 2023 7436:from the original on 26 June 2023 7361:from the original on 26 June 2023 1932: 1603: 1366:The third level of governance is 1283: 10962: 9825:"Parliamentary Education Office" 9783: 9752: 9725:Wahlquist, Calla (23 May 2022). 9718: 9691: 9665: 9643: 9519:Bongiorno, Frank (23 May 2022). 9486:The British Journal of Sociology 9182:Muller, Damon (22 August 2022). 7072:from the original on 9 June 2024 7000:Hardgrave, Gary (2 March 2015). 6944: 6915: 6910:2010 Australian federal election 6874:Political donations in Australia 6823: 6809: 2721:House of Representatives results 1785:. These were defined by Justice 1265: 1240: 1224: 1208: 1183: 964:, which sets out Australia as a 867: 723:Australia and the United Nations 219: 214: 11067:State and territory parliaments 9795:University of Western Australia 9617: 9591: 9566: 9557: 9538: 9512: 9477: 9442: 9427: 9409: 9391: 9365: 9325: 9307: 9271: 9248: 9223: 9194: 9175: 9157:Federal Register of Legislation 9145: 9127: 9107: 9076: 9033: 9015: 8985: 8949: 8920: 8890: 8860: 8830: 8727: 8691: 8669: 8655:Pape v Commissioner of Taxation 8647: 8631: 8601: 8567: 8524: 8494: 8464: 8434: 8404: 8379: 8354: 8339: 8309: 8284: 8255: 8226: 8197: 8170: 8138: 8108: 8068: 8049:Australian Electoral Commission 8036: 8006: 7976: 7947: 7917: 7888: 7859: 7829: 7803: 7772: 7740: 7730:Melbourne University Law Review 7714: 7684: 7654: 7639: 7624: 7610: 7584: 7554: 7524: 7490: 7464: 7448: 7391: 7373: 7306: 7279: 7246: 6896: 6879:Political families of Australia 6844:Far-right politics in Australia 2672:concurrently winning the first 2533:31 prime ministers of Australia 2261:Ideology in Australian politics 1951:High Court building, view from 1923:Commonwealth Parliament Offices 1533:Royal Style and Titles Act 1953 1385: 11309:Federated States of Micronesia 10969:Political parties in Australia 10895:Australian Antarctic Territory 9600:"Social liberalism fits Labor" 9598:Leigh, Andrew (29 June 2019). 9372:Mast, Natalie (16 June 2016). 9339:. Melbourne. 29 November 2010. 8842:Parliamentary Education Office 8810:Museum of Australian Democracy 8476:Parliamentary Education Office 8365:. Melbourne: Hill of Content. 7904:Museum of Australian Democracy 7875:Museum of Australian Democracy 7843:. 30 June 2022. Archived from 7668:. 19 July 2022. Archived from 7666:Parliamentary Education Office 7430:Parliamentary Education Office 7233:Parliamentary Education Office 7221: 7192: 7177: 7159:Parliamentary Education Office 7114: 7084: 7020: 6993: 2257:have only historical meaning. 2021:section 71 of the Constitution 1783:section 61 of the Constitution 1586:Australian Republican Movement 1136:. However, in accordance with 1: 11091:Shooters, Fishers and Farmers 9974:, Longman, Frenchs Forest NSW 9653:. ABC News. 20 September 2017 9169:National Library of Australia 8511:University of New South Wales 7592:"Referendums and plebiscites" 6981: 6869:Politics of Western Australia 2171:Local government in Australia 1663:responsible to the Parliament 1625:The Parliament exercises the 1553:Under the conventions of the 1528:Monarch of the United Kingdom 1468:Governor-General of Australia 1103:section 1 of the Constitution 16:Political system of Australia 10864:Australian Capital Territory 10287:Premiers and Chief Ministers 10282:Governors and Administrators 9972:Australian Political Culture 9907:Resources in other libraries 9827:. Commonwealth of Australia. 9573:Humphrys, Elizabeth (2018). 9554:. Retrieved 11 December 2014 9232:Live & Work in Australia 9205:The Rough Guide To Australia 8271:Antony Green's Election Blog 8242:Antony Green's Election Blog 8018:Rule of Law Education Centre 7256:"The "Washminster" Mutation" 6658:Optional preferential voting 2512:(1970s-1990s) among others. 2506:Communist Party of Australia 2413:Australian Labor Party (ALP) 2082: 1598:Australian Monarchist League 1457: 1341:Australian Capital Territory 1276:, the nation's highest court 1119:Australian Capital Territory 911:Australian Capital Territory 573:Premiers and chief ministers 568:Governors and administrators 7: 10890:Ashmore and Cartier Islands 9967:, 2006, retrieved July 2007 9923:. Sydney University Press. 9321:. Melbourne. 8 August 2010. 8868:"Federal Executive Council" 8442:"The (official) Opposition" 8361:Reid, Alan Douglas (1976). 7568:. Government of Australia. 7062:Economist Intelligence Unit 6854:Politics of New South Wales 6802: 5420:(Full preferential voting) 2526: 2471:Pauline Hanson's One Nation 2432:National Party of Australia 2106:Prime Minister of Australia 2089:Australian electoral system 1960:UK's multiple legal systems 1544:Queen of the United Kingdom 1041:Economist Intelligence Unit 1019:political system under its 960:operates under the written 523:Referendums and plebiscites 10: 12481: 10292:Parliaments and Assemblies 9929:10.30722/sup.9781743326671 8686:Federal Court (Full Court) 8684: (18 September 2001), 8387:"4. The crisis of 1974-75" 7984:"What are reserve powers?" 7723:"The Concept of the Crown" 7696:Federal Court of Australia 7092:"Bicameral representation" 6931:Commonwealth Liberal Party 6656:Single transferable vote ( 6054:Single transferable vote ( 5372:Preferential block voting 5329:Preferential block voting 5286:Preferential block voting 5243:Preferential block voting 5200:Preferential block voting 5157:Preferential block voting 5114:Preferential block voting 5071:Preferential block voting 5028:Preferential block voting 4938:Plurality-at-large voting 4895:Plurality-at-large voting 4848:Plurality-at-large voting 4805:Plurality-at-large voting 4762:Plurality-at-large voting 4716:Plurality-at-large voting 3491:28 September 1946 election 3423:21 September 1940 election 3355:15 September 1934 election 2592:Commonwealth Liberal Party 2553:Liberal Party of Australia 2519:independents known as the 2428:Liberal Party of Australia 2421:Australian labour movement 2384: 2264: 2164: 2161:State and local government 2134:single transferable voting 2086: 2042:, and six other Justices. 2036:Chief Justice of Australia 2005:Australian court hierarchy 1979:Federal Court of Australia 1943:Australian court hierarchy 1936: 1878:and its predecessors (the 1835: 1831: 1804: 1762:Government House, Canberra 1750: 1619:Parliament House, Canberra 1607: 1588:continues to campaign for 1477:Government House, Canberra 1461: 1399:its unwritten constitution 1389: 1056:consists of three branches 578:Parliaments and assemblies 441:State and territory courts 388:Federal Court of Australia 20: 12409: 12307: 12177: 12168: 12059: 12050: 11997: 11873:Intelligence and security 11799: 11790: 11758: 11663: 11654: 11589: 11531: 11522: 11400: 11377: 11296: 11248:List of political parties 11223: 11138: 11065: 10975: 10882: 10824: 10618: 10536: 10451: 10347: 10270: 10126: 10057:Federal Executive Council 10020: 9902:Resources in your library 9550:23 September 2015 at the 9281:. BBC News. 25 June 2010. 9230:Penrith, Deborah (2008). 9030:, (1997) 189 CLR 520, 563 8608:Stephenson, Peta (2018). 7811:"Governor-General's Role" 7721:Saunders, Cheryl (2015). 7538:. Australian Government. 7286:Thompson, Elaine (2001). 7273:10.1080/00323268008401755 7253:Thompson, Elaine (1980). 7008:, Government of Australia 6921:Includes results for the 6746: 6676: 6590: 6514: 6492: 6467: 6419: 6371: 6323: 6275: 6223: 6174: 6126: 6078: 6020: 6005:Single transferable vote 5998: 5977: 5958:Single transferable vote 5951: 5930: 5915:Single transferable vote 5908: 5887: 5872:Single transferable vote 5839: 5820:Single transferable vote 5787: 5768:Single transferable vote 5761: 5740: 5725:Single transferable vote 5718: 5697: 5682:Single transferable vote 5675: 5654: 5639:Single transferable vote 5632: 5611: 5596:Single transferable vote 5589: 5568: 5553:Single transferable vote 5546: 5525: 5510:Single transferable vote 5503: 5482: 5467:Single transferable vote 5460: 5439: 5408: 5387: 5365: 5344: 5322: 5301: 5279: 5258: 5236: 5215: 5193: 5172: 5150: 5129: 5107: 5086: 5064: 5043: 5021: 5000: 4983:Preferential block voting 4974: 4953: 4931: 4910: 4888: 4867: 4841: 4820: 4798: 4777: 4755: 4663:Plurality-at-large voting 4654: 4581: 4571: 4539: 4375:7 September 2013 election 4307:24 November 2007 election 4239:10 November 2001 election 3933:10 December 1977 election 3899:13 December 1975 election 3763:26 November 1966 election 3729:30 November 1963 election 3661:22 November 1958 election 3627:10 December 1955 election 3525:10 December 1949 election 3321:19 December 1931 election 3253:17 November 1928 election 3219:14 November 1925 election 3185:16 December 1922 election 3151:13 December 1919 election 3083:5 September 1914 election 2977: 2972: 2969: 2937: 2934: 2920: 2911: 2901: 2891: 2886: 2857: 2854: 2840: 2831: 2821: 2811: 2806: 2793: 2782: 2779: 2765: 2756: 2746: 2736: 2731: 2664:was the first to elect a 2479:Katter's Australian Party 2267:Conservatism in Australia 2065:Until the passage of the 1983:Family Court of Australia 1853:Federal Executive Council 1845:Parliamentary Secretaries 1392:Constitution of Australia 1334:vertical fiscal imbalance 1319:, has only five. But the 1257:Federal Executive Council 167:Federal Executive Council 11455:Northern Mariana Islands 11233:Local government parties 11215:Western Sydney Community 10079:House of Representatives 9298:"The Green and the Grey" 8743:OpenAustralia Foundation 8531:Moore, Cameroon (2017). 6905:12 out of 41 parliaments 6889: 6839:Referendums in Australia 5417:Single transferable vote 4622: 4615: 4593: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4470: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4436: 4433: 4427: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4399: 4393: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4356: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4229: 4223: 4220: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035:1 December 1984 election 4033: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4016: 4010: 4007: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967:18 October 1980 election 3965: 3960: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831:2 December 1972 election 3829: 3824: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3797:25 October 1969 election 3795: 3790: 3787: 3781: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3719: 3713: 3710: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695:9 December 1961 election 3693: 3688: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3447: 3441: 3438: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3389:23 October 1937 election 3387: 3382: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3311: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287:12 October 1929 election 3285: 3280: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3107: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3039: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3013: 2776: 2771: 2678:two-party-preferred vote 2023:, which vests in it the 1901:first held office under 1747:The Executive Government 1741:Leader of the Opposition 1729:House of Representatives 1694:full preferential voting 1670:single transferable vote 1651:House of Representatives 1509:constitutional democracy 1436:House of Representatives 1309:House of Representatives 1107:House of Representatives 1025:the world's tenth oldest 508:Federal electoral system 262:House of Representatives 11420:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 10905:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 10740:Parliamentary secretary 10710:Independent politicians 9463:10.3200/JAML.38.1.37-50 9188:Parliament of Australia 9140:[1956] HCA 10 9028:[1997] HCA 25 8872:Parliament of Australia 8812:at Old Parliament House 8776:Parliament of Australia 8682:[2001] FCA 1329 8642:[1975] HCA 52 8638:Victoria v Commonwealth 8446:Parliament of Australia 8416:Parliament of Australia 8346:Australian Constitution 8296:Parliament of Australia 8209:Parliament of Australia 8183:Parliament of Australia 8151:Parliament of Australia 7646:Australian Constitution 7631:Australian Constitution 7618:Australian Constitution 7506:Government of Australia 7455:Australian Constitution 7403:Parliament of Australia 7385:Parliament of Australia 7355:Parliament of Australia 7351:Parliament of Australia 7184:Australian Constitution 7126:Parliament of Australia 7096:Parliament of Australia 7028:"Is voting compulsory?" 7002:"Commonwealth Day 2015" 6937:for 1917–1929, and the 6925:for 1901 and 1903, the 4341:21 August 2010 election 4273:9 October 2004 election 4205:3 October 1998 election 3457:21 August 1943 election 2508:, the socially liberal 2341:Australian conservatism 2271:Liberalism in Australia 2118:Australian Constitution 2077:High Court of Australia 2056:High Court of Australia 1997:High Court of Australia 1975:High Court of Australia 1890:or its predecessor the 1753:Government of Australia 1610:Parliament of Australia 1452:High Court of Australia 1424:Parliament of Australia 1417:Australian Constitution 1361:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1305:Parliament of Australia 1274:High Court of Australia 1255:which acts through the 1200:Parliament of Australia 1153:constitutional monarchy 1080:High Court of Australia 970:parliamentary democracy 966:constitutional monarchy 962:Australian Constitution 591:State electoral systems 336:High Court of Australia 12267:Indigenous Australians 11768:States and territories 10819:states and territories 10817:Politics of Australian 10760:Responsible government 10660:Contempt of parliament 10113:Statute of Westminster 9259:. Brisbanetimes.com.au 9040:Zines, Leslie (2004). 8660:[2009] HCA 23 7779:Democracy, Centre of. 6956:National Country Party 6939:United Australia Party 6864:Politics of Queensland 4137:13 March 1993 election 4103:24 March 1990 election 3559:28 April 1951 election 3015:13 April 1910 election 2670:Australian Labor Party 2574:United Australia Party 2559:Australian Labor Party 2502:Democratic Labor Party 2498:United Australia Party 2487:United Australia Party 2440:Liberal National Party 2314:Australian Labor Party 2298: 2287: 2275:Socialism in Australia 2243:states and territories 2200: 2192: 2109: 1955: 1939:Judiciary of Australia 1884:United Australia Party 1769: 1689: 1622: 1550:as well were removed. 1524:Statute of Westminster 1479: 1426:which consists of the 1294:states and territories 1098: 1062:), the executive (the 976:. Australia is also a 688:Diplomatic missions of 560:States and territories 59: 12465:Politics of Australia 11561:Territorial evolution 11403:and other territories 11238:Politics of Australia 11205:Sustainable Australia 11190:Indigenous-Aboriginal 10014:Politics of Australia 9970:Rodney Smith (2001), 9893:Politics of Australia 9304:, Vol. 40, 2010, p69. 9120:18 April 2019 at the 8999:. 30 September 2020. 8814:. 24 September 2015. 7900:Documenting Democracy 7871:Documenting Democracy 4171:2 March 1996 election 4069:11 July 1987 election 4001:5 March 1983 election 2491:socially conservative 2444:Country Liberal Party 2375:2022 federal election 2345:Australian liberalism 2293: 2282: 2198: 2178: 2151:1990 federal election 2129:instant-runoff voting 2100: 1950: 1911:2007 general election 1760: 1683: 1667:optional preferential 1659:Australian government 1649:) and the 151 member 1631:Australian Parliament 1617: 1565:Governor-General Sir 1548:Defender of the Faith 1475: 1464:Monarchy of Australia 1096: 1088:Australian government 974:Westminster tradition 958:politics of Australia 208:Australian Parliament 149:Deputy Prime Minister 58: 24:Australian Government 12007:Cabinet of Australia 11982:Government ministers 11750:World Heritage Sites 11556:European exploration 11290:Politics of Oceania 11210:Victorian Socialists 10883:External territories 10874:Jervis Bay Territory 10715:Kirribilli agreement 10700:Hardworking Families 10655:Chardonnay socialist 9762:(12 November 2023). 9296:George Megalogenis, 9201:Daly, Margo (2003). 9153:"Australia Act 1986" 8739:openaustralia.org.au 6927:Anti-Socialist Party 6859:Politics of Victoria 4477:21 May 2022 election 4443:18 May 2019 election 4409:2 July 2016 election 3865:18 May 1974 election 3593:29 May 1954 election 3049:31 May 1913 election 2605:(Party Deregistered) 2596:(Party Deregistered) 2587:(Party Deregistered) 2578:(Party Deregistered) 2569:(Party Deregistered) 2517:economically liberal 2510:Australian Democrats 2311:democratic socialist 1838:Cabinet of Australia 1637:and consists of the 1489:monarch of Australia 1165:written constitution 1129:Separation of powers 1037:voting is compulsory 874:Australia portal 12079:Gross state product 11143:-registered parties 10825:States and mainland 10695:Group voting ticket 9853:Pyke, John (2020). 9163:. 4 December 1985. 9142:, (1956) 94 CLR 254 9058:10.22145/flr.32.3.1 8973:on 23 November 2007 8945:on 15 October 2007. 8542:10.22459/CS.11.2017 8363:The Whitlam venture 7785:Centre of Democracy 7318:timeline.peo.gov.au 6987:Specific references 6973:Protectionist Party 6933:for 1910–1914, the 6558:Motoring Enthusiast 6104:Nuclear Disarmament 6056:Group voting ticket 6046:Nuclear Disarmament 4522:double dissolutions 3117:5 May 1917 election 2964: 2723: 2686:preferential voting 2682:first-past-the-post 2666:majority government 2656:has existed in the 2583:Protectionist Party 2504:(1950s-1970s), the 1953:Lake Burley Griffin 1739:, appointed by the 1733:Leader of the House 1514:Since at least the 1497:Commonwealth realms 1272:The judiciary: the 1169:strong bicameralism 1058:: the legislative ( 1043:rated Australia a " 513:Electoral divisions 12397:Australian studies 12332:Australian English 12141:Telecommunications 11977:Government leaders 11920:Political ideology 11200:Socialist Alliance 10869:Northern Territory 10765:Stolen Generations 10680:Double dissolution 10473:Northern Territory 9818:General references 9801:on 18 January 2015 9604:The Saturday Paper 9046:Federal Law Review 8677:Ruddock v Vadarlis 8146:"Senate elections" 7698:. 16 August 2022. 7672:on 7 November 2019 6954:for 1919–1974 and 6642:Nick Xenophon Team 2963: 2953:Western Australian 2719: 2537:Sir Robert Menzies 2494:Family First Party 2370:within the party. 2299: 2295:Sir Robert Menzies 2288: 2201: 2193: 2110: 2068:Australia Act 1986 2052:Northern Territory 2030:Judiciary Act 1903 1956: 1868:Whitlam government 1770: 1690: 1623: 1555:Westminster system 1539:Queen of Australia 1480: 1345:Northern Territory 1198:, the seat of the 1138:Westminster system 1123:Northern Territory 1109:(lower house) and 1099: 1017:liberal democratic 1002:head of government 916:Northern Territory 531:Voter registration 60: 12452: 12451: 12405: 12404: 12227:Human trafficking 12164: 12163: 12046: 12045: 11846:Foreign relations 11786: 11785: 11650: 11649: 11597:Asian Australians 11478: 11477: 11470:Wallis and Futuna 11378:Associated states 11256: 11255: 11077:Legalise Cannabis 10928: 10927: 10910:Coral Sea Islands 10849:Western Australia 10783: 10782: 10755:Quiet Australians 10523:Western Australia 10089:Opposition Leader 10067:Foreign relations 10053: 9888:Library resources 9864:978-0-455-24415-0 9845:978-1-74366-654-8 9584:978-90-04-38346-3 8595:10.53637/GJLF5868 8372:978-0-85572-079-7 8044:"1999 Referendum" 7210:978-1-76002-151-1 6935:Nationalist Party 6800: 6799: 6637:Liberal Democrats 6553:Liberal Democrats 4509: 4508: 2961: 2960: 2642: 2641: 2565:Nationalist Party 2455:Australian Greens 2417:social democratic 2381:Political parties 2349:social democratic 1880:Nationalist Party 1801:Executive council 1639:King of Australia 1627:legislative power 1415:Section 1 of the 1370:, in the form of 1190:The legislature: 968:, governed via a 954: 953: 896:Western Australia 710:Visa requirements 662:Foreign relations 648:Political parties 546:Political funding 541:Political parties 178:Albanese ministry 45: 12472: 12432: 12425: 12418: 12294:Waste management 12175: 12174: 12096:Household income 12057: 12056: 12019:Governor-General 11829:Electoral system 11797: 11796: 11661: 11660: 11529: 11528: 11505: 11498: 11491: 11482: 11481: 11460:Pitcairn Islands 11430:French Polynesia 11415:Christmas Island 11344:Papua New Guinea 11324:Marshall Islands 11297:Sovereign states 11283: 11276: 11269: 11260: 11259: 11180:Great Australian 10967: 10966: 10965: 10955: 10948: 10941: 10932: 10931: 10900:Christmas Island 10810: 10803: 10796: 10787: 10786: 10725:Leadership spill 10705:How-to-vote card 10690:Forgotten People 10560:Liberal National 10349:State/territory 10272:State/territory 10047: 10035:Governor-General 10007: 10000: 9993: 9984: 9983: 9950: 9876: 9849: 9828: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9797:. Archived from 9787: 9781: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9769:The Conversation 9756: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9722: 9716: 9715: 9714: 9712: 9695: 9689: 9688: 9686: 9684: 9678:The Conversation 9672:Johnson, Carol. 9669: 9663: 9662: 9660: 9658: 9647: 9641: 9640: 9638: 9636: 9621: 9615: 9614: 9612: 9610: 9595: 9589: 9588: 9570: 9564: 9561: 9555: 9542: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9531: 9525:The Conversation 9516: 9510: 9509: 9481: 9475: 9474: 9446: 9440: 9439: 9431: 9425: 9424: 9413: 9407: 9406: 9405:. 14 March 2021. 9395: 9389: 9388: 9386: 9384: 9378:The Conversation 9369: 9363: 9362: 9350: 9341: 9340: 9329: 9323: 9322: 9311: 9305: 9294: 9283: 9282: 9275: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9252: 9246: 9245: 9227: 9221: 9220: 9208: 9198: 9192: 9191: 9179: 9173: 9172: 9149: 9143: 9131: 9125: 9113:Robert French, ' 9111: 9105: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9080: 9074: 9073: 9037: 9031: 9019: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9008: 8989: 8983: 8982: 8980: 8978: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8941:. Archived from 8924: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8913: 8894: 8888: 8887: 8885: 8883: 8864: 8858: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8834: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8801: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8768: 8759: 8758: 8756: 8754: 8731: 8725: 8724: 8722: 8720: 8714: 8703: 8695: 8689: 8673: 8667: 8651: 8645: 8635: 8629: 8628: 8623:(2) – via 8614: 8605: 8599: 8598: 8580: 8571: 8565: 8564: 8544: 8528: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8468: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8438: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8427: 8408: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8383: 8377: 8376: 8358: 8352: 8343: 8337: 8336: 8334: 8332: 8313: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8288: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8265:(29 June 2021). 8259: 8253: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8236:(6 March 2022). 8230: 8224: 8223: 8217: 8215: 8201: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8142: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8112: 8106: 8105: 8099: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8072: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8040: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8010: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7994:on 12 March 2023 7990:. Archived from 7980: 7974: 7973: 7951: 7945: 7944: 7942: 7940: 7921: 7915: 7914: 7912: 7910: 7892: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7863: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7841:The Royal Family 7833: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7822: 7817:on 11 April 2019 7807: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7796: 7776: 7770: 7769: 7763: 7761: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7727: 7718: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7658: 7652: 7643: 7637: 7628: 7622: 7614: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7603: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7528: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7517: 7494: 7488: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7477:The Conversation 7468: 7462: 7452: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7422: 7411: 7410: 7395: 7389: 7388: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7343: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7298:(3) – via 7283: 7277: 7276: 7258: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7225: 7219: 7218: 7196: 7190: 7181: 7175: 7174: 7172: 7170: 7151: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7128:. Archived from 7118: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7102:on 17 March 2023 7098:. Archived from 7088: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7071: 7065:(Report). 2024. 7058: 7050: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7013: 6997: 6975: 6970: 6959: 6948: 6942: 6923:Free Trade Party 6919: 6913: 6900: 6833: 6828: 6827: 6819: 6817:Australia portal 6814: 6813: 6812: 6789:United Australia 5865:Liberal Movement 5813:Liberal Movement 4527: 2965: 2724: 2654:two-party system 2622: 2621: 2614:(Party Renamed) 2601:Free Trade Party 2477:agrarian party, 2189: 2183: 2139:balance of power 1818:governor-general 1766:Governor-General 1641:, the 76 member 1582:governor-general 1368:local government 1357:Christmas Island 1298:local government 1269: 1249:Anthony Albanese 1244: 1228: 1212: 1192:Parliament House 1187: 1033:two-party system 1010:Anthony Albanese 998:governor-general 990:King Charles III 946: 939: 932: 872: 871: 870: 836:Multiculturalism 811:Environmentalism 789: 677:Foreign Minister 663: 606: 605:Local government 561: 536:Leadership spill 468:Recent elections 461: 446:Law of Australia 328: 223: 218: 200: 140:Anthony Albanese 124: 101:Governor-General 77: 48: 43: 35: 29: 28: 12480: 12479: 12475: 12474: 12473: 12471: 12470: 12469: 12455: 12454: 12453: 12448: 12435: 12428: 12421: 12414: 12401: 12362:Public holidays 12303: 12247:Life expectancy 12160: 12042: 11993: 11782: 11754: 11740:Protected areas 11646: 11585: 11518: 11509: 11479: 11474: 11402: 11396: 11379: 11373: 11354:Solomon Islands 11292: 11287: 11257: 11252: 11243:Politics portal 11228:Defunct parties 11219: 11134: 11069: 11061: 11042:Centre Alliance 11002:(H: 55, S: 31) 10971: 10963: 10961: 10959: 10929: 10924: 10878: 10854:South Australia 10834:New South Wales 10826: 10820: 10814: 10784: 10779: 10640:Branch stacking 10621: 10614: 10570:Centre Alliance 10564:Country Liberal 10539: 10532: 10493:South Australia 10463:New South Wales 10454: 10447: 10350: 10343: 10273: 10266: 10129: 10122: 10016: 10011: 9977: 9939: 9913: 9912: 9911: 9896: 9895: 9891: 9883: 9881:Further reading 9865: 9846: 9823: 9820: 9815: 9814: 9804: 9802: 9789: 9788: 9784: 9774: 9772: 9757: 9753: 9743: 9741: 9723: 9719: 9710: 9708: 9696: 9692: 9682: 9680: 9670: 9666: 9656: 9654: 9649: 9648: 9644: 9634: 9632: 9624:Leigh, Andrew. 9622: 9618: 9608: 9606: 9596: 9592: 9585: 9571: 9567: 9562: 9558: 9552:Wayback Machine 9543: 9539: 9529: 9527: 9517: 9513: 9482: 9478: 9447: 9443: 9432: 9428: 9415: 9414: 9410: 9397: 9396: 9392: 9382: 9380: 9370: 9366: 9351: 9344: 9331: 9330: 9326: 9313: 9312: 9308: 9302:Quarterly Essay 9295: 9286: 9277: 9276: 9272: 9262: 9260: 9253: 9249: 9242: 9228: 9224: 9217: 9199: 9195: 9180: 9176: 9151: 9150: 9146: 9132: 9128: 9122:Wayback Machine 9112: 9108: 9099: 9097: 9081: 9077: 9038: 9034: 9020: 9016: 9006: 9004: 8991: 8990: 8986: 8976: 8974: 8955: 8954: 8950: 8925: 8921: 8911: 8909: 8896: 8895: 8891: 8881: 8879: 8866: 8865: 8861: 8851: 8849: 8836: 8835: 8831: 8821: 8819: 8803: 8802: 8795: 8785: 8783: 8770: 8769: 8762: 8752: 8750: 8733: 8732: 8728: 8718: 8716: 8712: 8701: 8697: 8696: 8692: 8674: 8670: 8652: 8648: 8636: 8632: 8612: 8606: 8602: 8578: 8572: 8568: 8553: 8529: 8525: 8515: 8513: 8499: 8495: 8485: 8483: 8470: 8469: 8465: 8455: 8453: 8440: 8439: 8435: 8425: 8423: 8410: 8409: 8405: 8395: 8393: 8385: 8384: 8380: 8373: 8359: 8355: 8344: 8340: 8330: 8328: 8315: 8314: 8310: 8300: 8298: 8290: 8289: 8285: 8275: 8273: 8260: 8256: 8246: 8244: 8231: 8227: 8213: 8211: 8203: 8202: 8198: 8188: 8186: 8176: 8175: 8171: 8161: 8159: 8144: 8143: 8139: 8129: 8127: 8114: 8113: 8109: 8093: 8092: 8085: 8083: 8074: 8073: 8069: 8059: 8057: 8042: 8041: 8037: 8027: 8025: 8012: 8011: 8007: 7997: 7995: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7966: 7952: 7948: 7938: 7936: 7923: 7922: 7918: 7908: 7906: 7894: 7893: 7889: 7879: 7877: 7865: 7864: 7860: 7850: 7848: 7847:on 30 June 2022 7835: 7834: 7830: 7820: 7818: 7809: 7808: 7804: 7794: 7792: 7781:"Head of State" 7777: 7773: 7759: 7757: 7745: 7741: 7725: 7719: 7715: 7705: 7703: 7690: 7689: 7685: 7675: 7673: 7660: 7659: 7655: 7644: 7640: 7629: 7625: 7615: 7611: 7601: 7599: 7590: 7589: 7585: 7575: 7573: 7560: 7559: 7555: 7545: 7543: 7530: 7529: 7525: 7515: 7513: 7496: 7495: 7491: 7481: 7479: 7469: 7465: 7453: 7449: 7439: 7437: 7424: 7423: 7414: 7397: 7396: 7392: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7345: 7344: 7337: 7327: 7325: 7312: 7311: 7307: 7284: 7280: 7251: 7247: 7237: 7235: 7227: 7226: 7222: 7211: 7197: 7193: 7182: 7178: 7168: 7166: 7153: 7152: 7145: 7135: 7133: 7132:on 9 March 2023 7120: 7119: 7115: 7105: 7103: 7090: 7089: 7085: 7075: 7073: 7069: 7056: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7037: 7035: 7026: 7025: 7021: 7011: 7009: 6998: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6978: 6971: 6962: 6949: 6945: 6920: 6916: 6901: 6897: 6892: 6831:Politics portal 6829: 6822: 6815: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6787: 6782: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6708:Centre Alliance 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6561: 6556: 6551: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4552: 4531: 4514: 2913: 2908: 2883: 2833: 2828: 2803: 2758: 2753: 2728: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2636: 2619: 2549: 2529: 2463:Centre Alliance 2393: 2385:Main articles: 2383: 2277: 2263: 2191: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2173: 2165:Main articles: 2163: 2095: 2087:Main articles: 2085: 2040:Stephen Gageler 2013:judicial review 2009:court of appeal 1966:and unlike the 1945: 1937:Main articles: 1935: 1840: 1834: 1809: 1803: 1755: 1749: 1612: 1606: 1574:1999 referendum 1470: 1462:Main articles: 1460: 1410:double majority 1394: 1388: 1326:cross the floor 1313:New South Wales 1288:Australia is a 1286: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1270: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1245: 1237: 1236: 1233:Samantha Mostyn 1229: 1221: 1220: 1213: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1188: 1179: 1178: 1149:fused executive 950: 921: 920: 901:South Australia 881:New South Wales 868: 866: 861: 860: 791: 787: 779: 778: 740: 727: 719: 700:Nationality law 696: 684: 665: 661: 653: 652: 608: 604: 596: 595: 582: 563: 559: 551: 550: 527: 504: 463: 459: 451: 450: 437: 426:Will Alstergren 410: 383: 347:Stephen Gageler 330: 326: 318: 317: 313:Shadow Ministry 289: 257: 225: 202: 198: 190: 189: 162: 126: 122: 114: 113: 79: 75: 46: 42: 33: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12478: 12468: 12467: 12450: 12449: 12447: 12446: 12441: 12434: 12433: 12426: 12419: 12411: 12410: 12407: 12406: 12403: 12402: 12400: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12313: 12311: 12305: 12304: 12302: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12270: 12269: 12264: 12259: 12249: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12178: 12172: 12166: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12158: 12156:Welfare system 12153: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12131:Superannuation 12128: 12126:Stock exchange 12123: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12092: 12091: 12089:Public housing 12084:Home ownership 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12060: 12054: 12048: 12047: 12044: 12043: 12041: 12040: 12039: 12038: 12031:Prime Minister 12028: 12027: 12026: 12016: 12015: 12014: 12003: 12001: 11995: 11994: 11992: 11991: 11989:Shadow Cabinet 11986: 11985: 11984: 11979: 11969: 11967:Public Service 11964: 11963: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11896: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11875: 11870: 11869: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11848: 11843: 11841:Federal budget 11838: 11837: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11800: 11794: 11788: 11787: 11784: 11783: 11781: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11764: 11762: 11756: 11755: 11753: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11696: 11695: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11673:Climate change 11670: 11664: 11658: 11652: 11651: 11648: 11647: 11645: 11644: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11602:Constitutional 11599: 11593: 11591: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11538: 11532: 11526: 11520: 11519: 11508: 11507: 11500: 11493: 11485: 11476: 11475: 11473: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11450:Norfolk Island 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11410:American Samoa 11406: 11404: 11398: 11397: 11395: 11394: 11389: 11383: 11381: 11380:of New Zealand 11375: 11374: 11372: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11300: 11298: 11294: 11293: 11286: 11285: 11278: 11271: 11263: 11254: 11253: 11251: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11224: 11221: 11220: 11218: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11146: 11144: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11132: 11126: 11112: 11101:Animal Justice 11098: 11093:(NSW: 2, Vic: 11088: 11083:, Vic: 2, WA: 11073: 11071: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11059: 11049: 11039: 11029: 11023: 11017: 11016: 11015: 11009: 11008:(H: 40, S: 25) 10997: 10982: 10980: 10973: 10972: 10958: 10957: 10950: 10943: 10935: 10926: 10925: 10923: 10922: 10920:Norfolk Island 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10886: 10884: 10880: 10879: 10877: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10830: 10828: 10822: 10821: 10813: 10812: 10805: 10798: 10790: 10781: 10780: 10778: 10777: 10772: 10770:Working Family 10767: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10645:Casual vacancy 10642: 10637: 10632: 10626: 10624: 10616: 10615: 10613: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10544: 10542: 10534: 10533: 10531: 10530: 10520: 10510: 10500: 10490: 10480: 10470: 10459: 10457: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10445: 10439: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10397: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10355: 10353: 10345: 10344: 10342: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10300: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10278: 10276: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10264: 10258: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10134: 10132: 10124: 10123: 10121: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10104: 10103: 10098: 10092: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10070: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10050:Shadow Cabinet 10042: 10040:Prime Minister 10037: 10032: 10026: 10024: 10018: 10017: 10010: 10009: 10002: 9995: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9976: 9975: 9968: 9958: 9951: 9937: 9910: 9909: 9904: 9898: 9897: 9886: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9878: 9877: 9863: 9850: 9844: 9829: 9819: 9816: 9813: 9812: 9782: 9751: 9717: 9698:Antony Green, 9690: 9664: 9642: 9630:The Australian 9616: 9590: 9583: 9565: 9556: 9537: 9511: 9498:10.2307/590458 9492:(3): 383–420. 9476: 9441: 9426: 9423:. 22 May 2022. 9408: 9390: 9364: 9359:The Australian 9342: 9324: 9306: 9284: 9270: 9247: 9240: 9222: 9215: 9193: 9174: 9144: 9126: 9106: 9075: 9052:(3): 337–355. 9032: 9014: 8984: 8948: 8919: 8898:"The Ministry" 8889: 8859: 8829: 8793: 8760: 8726: 8690: 8668: 8646: 8630: 8600: 8566: 8561:j.ctt1zgwk12.6 8551: 8523: 8493: 8463: 8433: 8403: 8391:www.aph.gov.au 8378: 8371: 8353: 8338: 8308: 8283: 8254: 8225: 8196: 8169: 8137: 8107: 8067: 8035: 8005: 7975: 7964: 7946: 7916: 7887: 7858: 7828: 7802: 7771: 7739: 7713: 7683: 7653: 7638: 7623: 7609: 7583: 7553: 7523: 7489: 7463: 7447: 7412: 7390: 7372: 7335: 7324:on 8 July 2023 7305: 7278: 7245: 7220: 7209: 7191: 7176: 7143: 7113: 7083: 7045: 7019: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6960: 6958:for 1975–1980. 6950:Used the name 6943: 6941:for 1931–1943. 6929:for 1906, the 6914: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6820: 6804: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6794: 6791: 6776: 6773: 6770: 6767: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6742: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6682: 6675: 6672: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6653: 6650: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6596: 6589: 6586: 6581: 6573: 6572: 6569: 6566: 6545: 6542: 6539: 6536: 6533: 6530: 6527: 6520: 6513: 6510: 6507: 6501: 6500: 6497: 6494: 6491: 6488: 6485: 6482: 6479: 6476: 6473: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6450: 6447: 6442: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6399: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6364: 6358: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6310: 6309: 6306: 6303: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6246: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6206: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6179: 6176: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6157: 6154: 6149: 6146: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6131: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6092: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6069: 6061: 6060: 6051: 6048: 6043: 6040: 6037: 6034: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5997: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5968: 5960: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5941: 5938: 5935: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5830: 5822: 5821: 5818: 5815: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5778: 5770: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5650: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5631: 5628: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5564: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5551: 5548: 5545: 5542: 5539: 5536: 5533: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5465: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5430: 5422: 5421: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4979: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4858: 4850: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4807: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4709:Revenue Tariff 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4626: 4621: 4613: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4003: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2976: 2971: 2968: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2893:Anti-Socialist 2890: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2875: 2873:Revenue Tariff 2870: 2867: 2864: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2649: 2646: 2640: 2639: 2625: 2617: 2616: 2607: 2598: 2589: 2580: 2571: 2562: 2556: 2548: 2545: 2528: 2525: 2382: 2379: 2364:social liberal 2262: 2259: 2231:left of centre 2186: 2180: 2162: 2159: 2114:prime minister 2084: 2081: 2025:judicial power 2007:and the final 1934: 1933:The Judicature 1931: 1927:1 Bligh Street 1888:National Party 1860:Robert Menzies 1836:Main article: 1833: 1830: 1826:Katy Gallagher 1816:for life. The 1814:The Honourable 1805:Main article: 1802: 1799: 1751:Main article: 1748: 1745: 1710:people's house 1608:Main article: 1605: 1604:The Parliament 1602: 1559:reserve powers 1459: 1456: 1444:heads of power 1390:Main article: 1387: 1384: 1349:Norfolk Island 1285: 1284:Federal nature 1282: 1271: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1246: 1239: 1238: 1230: 1223: 1222: 1214: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1189: 1182: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1145:United Kingdom 1084:federal courts 1064:prime minister 1045:full democracy 1006:prime minister 952: 951: 949: 948: 941: 934: 926: 923: 922: 919: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 877: 876: 863: 862: 859: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 792: 785: 784: 781: 780: 777: 776: 771: 766: 764:European Union 761: 756: 751: 749:United Kingdom 746: 739: 738: 733: 726: 725: 718: 717: 712: 707: 702: 695: 694: 683: 682: 673: 672: 666: 659: 658: 655: 654: 651: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 609: 602: 601: 598: 597: 594: 593: 588: 581: 580: 575: 570: 564: 557: 556: 553: 552: 549: 548: 543: 538: 533: 526: 525: 520: 515: 510: 503: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 471: 470: 464: 457: 456: 453: 452: 449: 448: 443: 436: 435: 433:List of Judges 429: 428: 419: 418: 409: 408: 406:List of Judges 402: 401: 399:Debra Mortimer 392: 391: 382: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 350: 349: 340: 339: 331: 324: 323: 320: 319: 316: 315: 309: 308: 298: 297: 288: 287: 277: 276: 266: 265: 256: 255: 245: 244: 234: 233: 212: 211: 203: 196: 195: 192: 191: 188: 187: 181: 180: 171: 170: 161: 160: 157:Richard Marles 153: 152: 144: 143: 136: 135: 132:Prime Minister 127: 120: 119: 116: 115: 112: 111: 105: 104: 96: 95: 89: 88: 80: 73: 72: 69: 68: 62: 61: 51: 50: 38: 37: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12477: 12466: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12436: 12431: 12427: 12424: 12420: 12417: 12413: 12412: 12408: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12314: 12312: 12310: 12306: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12262:Ethnic groups 12260: 12258: 12255: 12254: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12179: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12167: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12101:Manufacturing 12099: 12097: 12094: 12090: 12087: 12086: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12061: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12049: 12037: 12034: 12033: 12032: 12029: 12025: 12022: 12021: 12020: 12017: 12013: 12010: 12009: 12008: 12005: 12004: 12002: 12000: 11996: 11990: 11987: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11974: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11955:Republicanism 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11922: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11910:National debt 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11880: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11853: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11821: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11801: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11789: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11765: 11763: 11761: 11757: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11694: 11691: 11690: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11665: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11653: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11594: 11592: 11588: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11533: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11521: 11517: 11513: 11506: 11501: 11499: 11494: 11492: 11487: 11486: 11483: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11445:New Caledonia 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11425:Easter Island 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11407: 11405: 11399: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11384: 11382: 11376: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11301: 11299: 11295: 11291: 11284: 11279: 11277: 11272: 11270: 11265: 11264: 11261: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11225: 11222: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11137: 11130: 11127: 11124: 11120: 11116: 11113: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11099: 11096: 11092: 11089: 11086: 11082: 11078: 11075: 11074: 11072: 11068: 11064: 11057: 11053: 11050: 11047: 11043: 11040: 11037: 11033: 11030: 11027: 11024: 11022:(H: 4, S: 11) 11021: 11018: 11014:(H: 15, S: 6) 11013: 11010: 11007: 11004: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10995: 10991: 10987: 10984: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10977:Parliamentary 10974: 10970: 10956: 10951: 10949: 10944: 10942: 10937: 10936: 10933: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10887: 10885: 10881: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10831: 10829: 10823: 10818: 10811: 10806: 10804: 10799: 10797: 10792: 10791: 10788: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10730:Mortgage belt 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10675:Dorothy Dixer 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10650:Caucus revolt 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10623: 10617: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10605:Other parties 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10565: 10561: 10557: 10553: 10549: 10546: 10545: 10543: 10541: 10535: 10528: 10524: 10521: 10518: 10514: 10511: 10508: 10504: 10501: 10498: 10494: 10491: 10488: 10484: 10481: 10478: 10474: 10471: 10468: 10464: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10456: 10450: 10444: 10441: 10440: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10398: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10352: 10346: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10301: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10279: 10277: 10275: 10269: 10263: 10260: 10259: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10245: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10135: 10133: 10131: 10125: 10119: 10118:Australia Act 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10105: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10093: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10071: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10051: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10023: 10019: 10015: 10008: 10003: 10001: 9996: 9994: 9989: 9988: 9985: 9979: 9978: 9973: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9963:Senate Briefs 9959: 9956: 9952: 9948: 9944: 9940: 9938:9781743326671 9934: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9921: 9915: 9914: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9860: 9856: 9851: 9847: 9841: 9837: 9836: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9821: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9786: 9771: 9770: 9765: 9761: 9755: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9728: 9721: 9707: 9703: 9702: 9694: 9679: 9675: 9668: 9652: 9646: 9631: 9627: 9620: 9605: 9601: 9594: 9586: 9580: 9576: 9569: 9560: 9553: 9549: 9546: 9541: 9526: 9522: 9515: 9507: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9480: 9472: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9445: 9437: 9430: 9422: 9418: 9412: 9404: 9400: 9394: 9379: 9375: 9368: 9360: 9356: 9349: 9347: 9338: 9334: 9328: 9320: 9316: 9310: 9303: 9299: 9293: 9291: 9289: 9280: 9274: 9258: 9251: 9243: 9241:9781854584182 9237: 9233: 9226: 9218: 9216:9781843530909 9212: 9207: 9206: 9197: 9189: 9185: 9178: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9148: 9141: 9137: 9136: 9130: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9110: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9087: 9079: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9036: 9029: 9025: 9024: 9018: 9002: 8998: 8994: 8988: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8963: 8958: 8952: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8935: 8930: 8923: 8907: 8903: 8899: 8893: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8863: 8847: 8843: 8839: 8833: 8817: 8813: 8811: 8806: 8805:"The Cabinet" 8800: 8798: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8767: 8765: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8736: 8730: 8711: 8707: 8700: 8694: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8678: 8672: 8665: 8662:, (2009) 238 8661: 8657: 8656: 8650: 8643: 8639: 8634: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8611: 8604: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8577: 8570: 8562: 8558: 8554: 8552:9781760461553 8548: 8543: 8538: 8534: 8527: 8512: 8508: 8507:UNSW Newsroom 8504: 8497: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8467: 8451: 8447: 8443: 8437: 8421: 8417: 8413: 8407: 8392: 8388: 8382: 8374: 8368: 8364: 8357: 8351: 8347: 8342: 8326: 8322: 8318: 8312: 8297: 8293: 8287: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8263:Green, Antony 8258: 8243: 8239: 8235: 8234:Green, Antony 8229: 8222: 8210: 8206: 8200: 8185: 8184: 8179: 8173: 8157: 8153: 8152: 8147: 8141: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8111: 8103: 8097: 8081: 8077: 8071: 8055: 8051: 8050: 8045: 8039: 8023: 8019: 8015: 8009: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7972: 7967: 7965:9781760022600 7961: 7957: 7950: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7920: 7905: 7901: 7897: 7891: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7862: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7832: 7816: 7812: 7806: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7775: 7768: 7756: 7755: 7750: 7743: 7735: 7731: 7724: 7717: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7687: 7671: 7667: 7663: 7657: 7651: 7647: 7642: 7636: 7632: 7627: 7620: 7619: 7613: 7597: 7593: 7587: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7557: 7541: 7537: 7533: 7527: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7493: 7478: 7474: 7467: 7460: 7456: 7451: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7408: 7405:. July 2023. 7404: 7400: 7394: 7386: 7382: 7376: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7340: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7309: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7282: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7257: 7249: 7234: 7230: 7224: 7217: 7212: 7206: 7202: 7195: 7189: 7185: 7180: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7150: 7148: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7117: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7087: 7068: 7064: 7063: 7055: 7049: 7033: 7029: 7023: 7007: 7003: 6996: 6992: 6974: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6957: 6953: 6952:Country Party 6947: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6918: 6911: 6906: 6899: 6895: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6836: 6832: 6826: 6821: 6818: 6807: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6779:Jacqui Lambie 6777: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6750: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6730: 6727: 6724: 6719: 6718:Jacqui Lambie 6714: 6713:Conservatives 6709: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6683: 6680: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6654: 6651: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6632:Justice Party 6628: 6627:Jacqui Lambie 6623: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6597: 6594: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6579: 6575: 6574: 6570: 6567: 6564: 6563:Palmer United 6559: 6554: 6549: 6546: 6543: 6540: 6537: 6534: 6531: 6528: 6525: 6521: 6518: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6495: 6489: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6440: 6437: 6434: 6431: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6392: 6389: 6386: 6383: 6380: 6377: 6374: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6335: 6332: 6329: 6326: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6207: 6204: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6192: 6189: 6186: 6183: 6180: 6177: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6155: 6153: 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Retrieved 6995: 6946: 6917: 6898: 6655: 6622:Family First 6583: 6576: 6548:Family First 6445:Family First 6397:Family First 6253:Greens (Tas) 6071: 6064: 6053: 5970: 5963: 5832: 5825: 5780: 5773: 5432: 5425: 5415: 4981: 4860: 4853: 4661: 4623: 4616: 4519: 4515: 2941: 2861: 2786: 2720: 2714:independents 2651: 2643: 2618: 2613: 2604: 2595: 2586: 2585:– 2442 days 2577: 2576:– 3505 days 2568: 2567:– 5142 days 2555:– 18513 days 2530: 2514: 2483:Clive Palmer 2448: 2425: 2410: 2398: 2394: 2372: 2360:Andrew Leigh 2357: 2338: 2322:conservative 2300: 2254: 2250: 2240: 2227:conservative 2224: 2217: 2202: 2143: 2126: 2111: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2044: 2038:, presently 2029: 1994: 1991: 1972: 1957: 1919: 1903:Chris Watson 1896: 1872: 1857: 1849: 1844: 1841: 1810: 1795:Tampa affair 1779: 1775: 1771: 1725: 1714: 1709: 1697: 1691: 1654: 1646: 1624: 1571: 1552: 1537: 1531: 1523: 1513: 1491:, currently 1481: 1443: 1414: 1409: 1403: 1395: 1386:Constitution 1365: 1338: 1330: 1302: 1287: 1142: 1127: 1100: 1049: 1047:" in 2022. 1021:Constitution 1014: 1008:, currently 1000:, while the 988:, currently 957: 955: 806:Conservatism 692:in Australia 586:State courts 518:By-elections 467: 413: 386: 334: 305:Peter Dutton 292: 260: 228: 213: 206: 165: 147: 130: 99: 83: 66:Constitution 41: 32: 18: 12392:Anglosphere 12232:Immigration 12197:Citizenship 12064:Agriculture 11950:Nationalism 11893:Enforcement 11866:Transgender 11700:Earthquakes 11688:Environment 11622:Immigration 11551:Archaeology 11334:New Zealand 11115:Libertarian 10827:territories 10735:Nationalism 10720:Langer vote 10670:Donkey vote 10622:terminology 10274:governments 10255:Referendums 9805:15 February 9760:Kenny, Mark 9744:12 December 9711:15 December 9100:11 December 8977:28 November 8688:(Australia) 8516:14 November 8396:25 February 8301:30 November 8276:30 November 8247:30 November 7837:"Australia" 7482:11 December 7038:1 September 7012:1 September 6249:Greens (WA) 6200:Greens (WA) 6152:Greens (WA) 4573:Independent 2903:Independent 2823:Independent 2748:Independent 2668:, with the 2603:– 322 days 2594:– 783 days 2541:John Howard 2467:nationalist 2453:party, the 2368:anachronism 2220:fixed terms 2184: Labor 2155:21 May 2022 1864:front bench 1675:21 May 2022 1655:lower house 1647:upper house 1493:Charles III 1217:Charles III 1050:Like other 841:Nationalism 744:New Zealand 715:Visa policy 379:Beech-Jones 273:Milton Dick 199:Legislature 93:Charles III 44:Politics of 12382:Television 12352:Literature 12237:Irreligion 12217:Healthcare 12212:Euthanasia 12192:Censorship 11999:Government 11945:Liberalism 11915:Parliament 11627:Indigenous 11617:Federation 11607:Diplomatic 11581:Since 1945 11546:Prehistory 11165:Federation 11150:Christians 11026:One Nation 10844:Queensland 10745:Playmander 10620:Political 10610:Historical 10595:One Nation 10538:Political 10483:Queensland 10455:government 10096:High Court 10074:Parliament 9873:1140000411 9775:1 December 9263:5 December 8902:aph.gov.au 8486:8 November 8214:8 November 7650:s 107 7238:5 December 7169:8 November 6982:References 6784:One Nation 6723:One Nation 6647:One Nation 6349:One Nation 6301:One Nation 4551:Democratic 2813:Free Trade 2738:Free Trade 2612:– 84 days 2475:right-wing 2265:See also: 2247:anglophone 2235:bellwether 2147:unicameral 1985:, and the 1915:Kevin Rudd 1791:recessions 1440:Section 51 1406:referendum 1376:councillor 1353:Jervis Bay 1290:federation 1251:, head of 1161:federalism 1155:) and the 1134:common law 1082:and other 1076:judicature 1060:Parliament 1029:Federation 978:federation 891:Queensland 851:Secularism 831:Monarchism 826:Liberalism 788:Ideologies 680:Penny Wong 294:Opposition 284:Tony Burke 252:Penny Wong 109:Sam Mostyn 12289:Squatting 12242:Languages 12207:Education 12187:Aged care 12151:Transport 11960:Socialism 11940:Far-right 11930:Christian 11925:Anarchism 11888:Judiciary 11824:Donations 11819:Elections 11730:Mountains 11678:Continent 11656:Geography 11576:1901–1945 11571:1851–1900 11566:1788–1850 11512:Australia 11304:Australia 11160:Democrats 11000:Coalition 10548:Coalition 10351:elections 10130:elections 9947:212972381 9739:0261-3077 9577:. Brill. 9471:145352620 9066:211152623 8772:"Cabinet" 8350:s 53 7635:s 51 7621:(Cth) s 1 7461:(xxxvii.) 7459:s 51 7188:s 64 7122:"Members" 4587:Electoral 4558:Democrats 2690:Coalition 2436:Coalition 2353:Bob Hawke 2334:Nationals 2326:Coalition 2083:Elections 1635:bicameral 1567:John Kerr 1485:the Crown 1458:The Crown 1421:bicameral 1072:ministers 1035:in which 992:, is the 856:Socialism 821:Hansonism 816:Far-right 801:Christian 796:Anarchism 705:Passports 460:Elections 327:Judiciary 241:Sue Lines 238:President 123:Executive 47:Australia 12459:Category 12439:Category 12284:Religion 12182:Abortion 12136:Taxation 11905:Monarchy 11900:Military 11856:Intersex 11792:Politics 11773:Capitals 11637:Monarchy 11632:Military 11612:Economic 11590:By topic 11536:Timeline 11516:articles 11319:Kiribati 11155:Citizens 11012:National 10859:Tasmania 10839:Victoria 10750:Pub test 10630:Battlers 10556:National 10513:Victoria 10503:Tasmania 10443:Timeline 10431:Tas 2028 10426:NSW 2027 10421:Vic 2026 10406:Qld 2024 10401:ACT 2024 10389:Tas 2024 10384:NSW 2023 10379:Vic 2022 10364:Qld 2020 10359:ACT 2020 10262:Timeline 10138:Pre-1972 10128:Federal 10062:Ministry 9548:Archived 9165:Archived 9118:Archived 9007:5 August 9001:Archived 8962:ABC News 8934:ABC News 8912:5 August 8906:Archived 8882:5 August 8876:Archived 8852:5 August 8846:Archived 8822:5 August 8816:Archived 8786:5 August 8780:Archived 8753:5 August 8747:Archived 8719:5 August 8710:Archived 8480:Archived 8450:Archived 8420:Archived 8325:Archived 8156:Archived 8124:Archived 8096:cite web 8086:5 August 8060:5 August 8054:Archived 8028:5 August 8022:Archived 7998:5 August 7939:5 August 7933:Archived 7909:5 August 7880:5 August 7851:5 August 7795:5 August 7789:Archived 7760:5 August 7754:ABC News 7700:Archived 7596:Archived 7570:Archived 7540:Archived 7510:Archived 7434:Archived 7407:Archived 7359:Archived 7163:Archived 7067:Archived 6803:See also 6747:23 + (3 6677:26 + (4 6591:21 + (3 6515:23 + (5 6468:28 + (3 4579:parties 4546:National 4530:Election 2974:2PP vote 2909:parties 2882:Election 2829:parties 2802:Election 2754:parties 2727:Election 2698:National 2527:Timeline 2473:; and a 2459:centrist 2330:Liberals 2209:governor 2050:and the 2046:for the 1882:and the 1520:adoption 1434:and the 1380:alderman 1359:and the 1343:and the 1317:Tasmania 1196:Canberra 1070:, other 1027:, since 906:Tasmania 886:Victoria 175:Ministry 76:Monarchy 12416:Outline 12387:Theatre 12377:Symbols 12342:Cuisine 12309:Culture 12170:Society 12146:Tourism 12116:Poverty 12052:Economy 11834:Parties 11735:Regions 11725:Islands 11720:Geology 11715:Forests 11683:Deserts 11668:Climate 11642:Railway 11524:History 11465:Tokelau 11369:Vanuatu 11131:(SA: 1) 11129:SA-Best 11121:, Vic: 11107:, Vic: 11006:Liberal 10979:parties 10552:Liberal 10540:parties 10436:NT 2028 10416:SA 2026 10411:WA 2025 10394:NT 2024 10374:SA 2022 10369:WA 2021 10045:Cabinet 10030:Monarch 9683:15 July 9657:15 July 9635:15 July 9609:15 July 9421:WAtoday 9337:The Age 9319:The Age 9095:1027508 9070:Austlii 8625:Austlii 8456:30 July 8426:30 July 8331:30 July 8189:30 July 8162:30 July 8130:30 July 7971:advice. 7821:1 March 7300:Austlii 7076:22 July 6763: 6754:3 + (2 6693: 6684:2 + (2 6607: 6598:3 + (2 6532: 6522:3 + (1 6493: 6481: 6429: 6426: 6390: 6378: 6330: 6282: 6236: 6230: 6187: 6181: 6139: 6133: 6091: 6085: 6033: 6027: 5999: 5990: 5984: 5952: 5943: 5937: 5909: 5900: 5894: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5803: 5800: 5797: 5794: 5762: 5756: 5753: 5750: 5719: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5676: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5633: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5590: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5547: 5544: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5504: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5492: 5489: 5461: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5099: 5096: 5093: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5022: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5010: 5007: 5004: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4932: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4889: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4756: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4687: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4637: 4589:system 4541:Liberal 2866: 2794: 2694:Liberal 2469:party, 2461:party, 2328:of the 2318:liberal 2213:premier 2003:in the 1999:is the 1832:Cabinet 1688:chamber 1657:). The 1522:of the 1516:passage 1507:. As a 1428:monarch 1253:Cabinet 1115:members 1086:). The 1068:cabinet 1004:is the 986:monarch 972:in the 374:Gleeson 369:Steward 364:Edelman 270:Speaker 185:Cabinet 85:Monarch 12444:Portal 12337:Cinema 12279:Racism 12252:People 12111:Mining 12074:Energy 12069:Dollar 11814:Courts 11804:Asylum 11778:Cities 11745:Rivers 11693:issues 11514: 11440:Hawaii 11364:Tuvalu 11170:Fusion 11139:Other 11117:(NSW: 11103:(NSW: 11079:(NSW: 11052:Katter 11032:Lambie 11028:(S: 2) 11020:Greens 10992:: 78, 10590:Lambie 10580:Katter 10575:Greens 10453:Local 10084:Senate 9945: 9935: 9890:about 9871: 9861: 9842: 9737: 9581: 9530:31 May 9506:590458 9504: 9469: 9383:22 May 9238: 9213: 9093: 9064: 8559: 8549: 8369: 8348:(Cth) 7962: 7706:8 July 7676:8 July 7648:(Cth) 7633:(Cth) 7602:8 July 7576:8 July 7546:8 July 7516:8 July 7457:(Cth) 7440:8 July 7365:8 July 7328:8 July 7207: 7186:(Cth) 7136:3 June 7106:3 June 4584:seats 4563:Greens 4493:47.9% 4490:52.1% 4487:32.2% 4484:36.1% 4481:32.8% 4459:51.5% 4456:48.5% 4453:25.2% 4450:41.4% 4447:33.3% 4425:50.4% 4422:49.6% 4419:23.3% 4416:42.0% 4413:34.7% 4391:53.5% 4388:46.5% 4385:21.0% 4382:45.6% 4379:33.4% 4357:49.9% 4354:50.1% 4351:18.7% 4348:43.3% 4345:38.0% 4323:47.3% 4320:52.7% 4317:14.5% 4314:42.1% 4311:43.4% 4289:52.7% 4286:47.3% 4283:15.7% 4280:46.7% 4277:37.6% 4255:51.0% 4252:49.0% 4249:19.2% 4246:43.0% 4243:37.8% 4221:49.0% 4218:51.0% 4215:20.4% 4212:39.5% 4209:40.1% 4187:53.6% 4184:46.4% 4181:14.0% 4178:47.3% 4175:38.7% 4153:48.6% 4150:51.4% 4147:10.7% 4144:44.3% 4141:44.9% 4119:50.1% 4116:49.9% 4113:17.1% 4110:43.5% 4107:39.4% 4085:49.2% 4082:50.8% 4076:46.1% 4073:45.8% 4051:48.2% 4048:51.8% 4042:45.0% 4039:47.6% 4017:46.8% 4014:53.2% 4008:43.6% 4005:49.5% 3983:50.4% 3980:49.6% 3974:46.3% 3971:45.2% 3949:54.6% 3946:45.4% 3943:12.2% 3940:48.1% 3937:39.7% 3915:55.7% 3912:44.3% 3906:53.1% 3903:42.8% 3881:48.3% 3878:51.7% 3872:44.9% 3869:49.3% 3847:47.3% 3844:52.7% 3838:41.5% 3835:49.6% 3813:49.8% 3810:50.2% 3804:43.3% 3801:47.0% 3779:56.9% 3776:43.1% 3773:10.0% 3770:50.0% 3767:40.0% 3745:52.6% 3742:47.4% 3736:46.0% 3733:45.5% 3711:49.5% 3708:50.5% 3705:10.0% 3702:42.1% 3699:47.9% 3677:54.1% 3674:45.9% 3671:10.6% 3668:46.6% 3665:42.8% 3643:54.2% 3640:45.8% 3634:47.6% 3631:44.6% 3609:49.3% 3606:50.7% 3600:46.8% 3597:50.0% 3575:50.7% 3572:49.3% 3566:50.3% 3563:47.6% 3541:51.0% 3538:49.0% 3532:50.3% 3529:46.0% 3507:45.9% 3504:54.1% 3501:11.0% 3498:39.3% 3495:49.7% 3473:41.8% 3470:58.2% 3467:27.1% 3464:23.0% 3461:49.9% 3439:49.7% 3436:50.3% 3433:15.9% 3430:43.9% 3427:40.2% 3405:50.6% 3402:49.4% 3396:49.3% 3393:43.2% 3371:53.5% 3368:46.5% 3365:27.6% 3362:45.6% 3359:26.8% 3337:58.5% 3334:41.5% 3331:24.5% 3328:48.4% 3325:27.1% 3303:43.3% 3300:56.7% 3294:44.2% 3291:48.8% 3269:51.6% 3266:48.4% 3260:49.6% 3257:44.6% 3235:53.8% 3232:46.2% 3226:53.2% 3223:45.0% 3201:51.2% 3198:48.8% 3192:47.8% 3189:42.3% 3167:54.1% 3164:45.9% 3158:54.3% 3155:42.5% 3124:54.2% 3121:43.9% 3090:47.2% 3087:50.9% 3056:48.9% 3053:48.5% 3022:45.1% 3019:50.0% 3009:Total 2978:Seats 2914:seats 2888:Labour 2834:seats 2808:Labour 2759:seats 2733:Labour 2674:Senate 2500:, the 2307:Canada 2273:, and 2188: 2182: 2017:states 1981:, the 1964:Canada 1907:Caucus 1717:supply 1643:Senate 1448:states 1432:Senate 1372:shires 1321:Senate 1111:Senate 1066:, the 1039:. The 984:. The 982:states 759:Canada 359:Gordon 302:Leader 281:Leader 249:Leader 230:Senate 12423:Index 12372:Sport 12367:Radio 12357:Music 12347:Dance 12299:Women 12202:Crime 12106:Media 11972:Women 11710:Fauna 11705:Flora 11359:Tonga 11349:Samoa 11339:Palau 11329:Nauru 11185:HEART 10996:: 25) 10986:Labor 10585:Labor 9965:No. 1 9943:S2CID 9502:JSTOR 9467:S2CID 9138: 9062:S2CID 9026: 8713:(PDF) 8702:(PDF) 8680: 8658: 8640: 8613:(PDF) 8589:(3). 8579:(PDF) 8557:JSTOR 7726:(PDF) 7070:(PDF) 7057:(PDF) 6890:Notes 6786:(2), 6781:(2), 6741:2022 6710:(2), 6671:2019 6644:(3), 6509:2013 6462:2010 6414:2007 6366:2004 6318:2001 6270:1998 6218:1996 6169:1993 6121:1990 6015:1984 5925:1980 5882:1977 5735:1970 5692:1967 5649:1964 5606:1961 5563:1958 5520:1955 5477:1953 5382:1949 5339:1946 5296:1943 5253:1940 5210:1937 5167:1934 5124:1931 5081:1928 5038:1925 4995:1922 4948:1919 4905:1917 4815:1913 4772:1910 4726:1906 4675:1903 4582:Total 4577:Other 4553:Labor 4536:Labor 4532:Year 4079:8.1% 4045:7.4% 4011:6.9% 3977:8.5% 3909:4.1% 3875:5.8% 3841:8.9% 3807:9.7% 3739:8.5% 3637:7.8% 3603:3.2% 3569:2.1% 3535:3.7% 3399:7.5% 3297:7.0% 3263:5.8% 3229:1.8% 3195:9.9% 3161:3.2% 3127:1.9% 3093:1.9% 3059:2.6% 3025:4.9% 3006:Oth. 3003:L+NP 2997:L+NP 2991:Oth. 2988:L+NP 2932:1906 2912:Total 2907:Other 2884:Year 2852:1903 2832:Total 2827:Other 2804:Year 2777:1901 2757:Total 2752:Other 2729:Year 2521:teals 2451:green 2415:is a 2251:shire 2032:(Cth) 1899:Labor 1897:When 1787:Mason 1698:seats 1653:(the 1645:(the 1578:Queen 1078:(the 774:India 769:China 354:Keane 286:(ALP) 275:(ALP) 254:(ALP) 243:(ALP) 159:(ALP) 142:(ALP) 12327:Arts 12036:list 12024:list 12012:list 11861:LGBT 11435:Guam 11392:Niue 11314:Fiji 11054:(H: 11044:(H: 11034:(S: 10775:Worm 10527:list 10517:list 10507:list 10497:list 10487:list 10477:list 10467:list 10244:Next 10238:2022 10233:2019 10228:2016 10223:2013 10218:2010 10213:2007 10208:2004 10203:2001 10198:1998 10193:1996 10188:1993 10183:1990 10178:1987 10173:1984 10168:1983 10163:1980 10158:1977 10153:1975 10148:1974 10143:1972 9933:ISBN 9869:OCLC 9859:ISBN 9840:ISBN 9807:2009 9777:2023 9746:2023 9735:ISSN 9713:2022 9685:2019 9659:2019 9637:2019 9611:2019 9579:ISBN 9532:2022 9385:2022 9265:2012 9236:ISBN 9211:ISBN 9102:2023 9091:SSRN 9009:2023 8979:2007 8914:2023 8884:2023 8854:2023 8824:2023 8788:2023 8755:2023 8721:2023 8547:ISBN 8518:2023 8488:2023 8458:2023 8428:2023 8398:2024 8367:ISBN 8333:2023 8303:2023 8278:2023 8249:2023 8216:2023 8191:2023 8164:2023 8132:2023 8102:link 8088:2023 8062:2023 8030:2023 8000:2023 7960:ISBN 7941:2023 7911:2023 7882:2023 7853:2023 7823:2015 7797:2023 7762:2023 7708:2023 7678:2023 7604:2023 7578:2023 7548:2023 7518:2023 7484:2023 7442:2023 7367:2023 7330:2023 7240:2023 7205:ISBN 7171:2023 7138:2023 7108:2023 7078:2024 7040:2015 7014:2015 6737:45th 6725:(2) 6667:44th 6649:(4) 6584:2016 6578:43rd 6565:(3) 6505:42nd 6458:41st 6410:40th 6362:39th 6314:38th 6266:37th 6214:36th 6202:(2) 6165:35th 6117:34th 6072:1987 6066:33rd 6011:32nd 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