Australian Senate - Knowledge

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We have dealt with people who want to erode the globals, as I did with Victoria when I was Treasurer under the VEDC. When the then Premier, Mr Cain, sought to imply that equity should become debt, I made him unwind the arrangements. But one Treasurer borrows and turns a short term borrowing into a medium term borrowing—no more money is borrowed; a short term borrowing just becomes a medium term borrowing—without telling our Treasurer and our Treasurer immediately responds and tells him he has to regularise it and you, who let 75 per cent of borrowings run everywhere, have the gall to get up and talk about the Loan Council and to set up a Senate committee. Then you want a Minister from the House of Representatives chamber to wander over to the unrepresentative chamber and account for himself. You have got to be joking. Whether the Treasurer wished to go there or not, I would forbid him going to the Senate to account to this unrepresentative swill over there—

1721:. For above the line, voters are instructed to number at least their first six preferences; however, a "savings provision" is in place to ensure that ballots will still be counted if less than six are given. For below the line, voters are required to number at least their first 12 preferences. Voters are free to continue numbering as many preferences as they like beyond the minimum number specified. Another savings provision allows ballot papers with at least 6 below the line preferences to be formal. The voting changes make it more difficult for new small parties and independent candidates to be elected to the Senate, but also allow a voter to voluntarily exhaust preferences — that is, to ensure their vote cannot flow to specific candidates or parties — if none of the voter's candidate preferences are elected. 2532:

senators, they provide the opportunity for all senators to ask questions of ministers and public officials. This may occasionally include government senators examining activities of independent publicly funded bodies, or pursuing issues arising from previous governments' terms of office. There is however a convention that senators do not have access to the files and records of previous governments when there has been an election resulting in a change in the party in government. Once a particular inquiry is completed the members of the committee can then produce a report, to be tabled in Parliament, outlining what they have discovered as well as any recommendations that they have produced for the Government to consider.

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dissolution is more likely than not to lead to a victory for the House over the Senate. When the Senate had an odd number of senators retiring at an election (3 or 5), 51% of the vote would lead to a clear majority of 3 out of 5 per state. With an even number of senators retiring at an election, it takes 57% of the vote to win 4 out of 6 seats, which may be insurmountable. This gives the House an advantage in joint sittings but not in ordinary elections, where the Senate may be too evenly balanced to get House legislation through.

10744: 1756: 1700:, in order to reduce a high rate of informal voting that arose from the requirement that each candidate be given a preference, and to allow small parties and independent candidates a reasonable chance of winning a seat. This allowed voters to select a single party to distribute their preferences on their behalf (voting "above the line"), but voters were still able to vote directly for individual candidates and distribute their own preferences if they wished (voting "below the line") by numbering every box. Following 1981, 40: 10651: 9837: 455: 2656:

1900s, as late as 1980 the Fraser government could not be assured that his party's majority in the Senate would translate to absolute control, with at least 12 senators prepared to vote against the government. Similarly, when the Howard government had a Senate majority between 2005 and 2007, the internal differences between members of the government coalition parties became more apparent. However due to the increase in party discipline, only two senators in this period crossed the floor:

2544:. There are a number of ways that witnesses can be found in contempt, these include; refusing to appear before a committee when summoned, refusing to answer a question during a hearing or to produce a document, or later being found to have lied to or misled a committee. Anyone who attempts to influence a witness may also be found in contempt. Other powers include the ability to meet throughout Australia, to establish subcommittees and to take evidence in both public and private hearings. 10498: 10394: 620: 2567:, is to scrutinise government activity. The vigour of this scrutiny has been fuelled for many years by the fact that the party in government has seldom had a majority in the Senate. Whereas in the House of Representatives the government's majority has sometimes limited that chamber's capacity to implement executive scrutiny, the opposition and minor parties have been able to use their Senate numbers as a basis for conducting inquiries into government operations. When the 2514: 1538: 10445: 10549: 1268: 2440: 2668:. A more significant potential instance of floor crossing was averted when the government withdrew its Migration Amendment (Designated Unauthorised Arrivals) Bill, of which several government senators had been critical, and which would have been defeated had it proceeded to the vote. The controversy that surrounded these examples demonstrated both the importance of 1905:

election is sometimes known as a half-Senate election. The seats of senators representing states elected at a half-Senate election are not contested at the next election, provided it is a half-Senate election. However, under some circumstances, the entire Senate (and the House of Representatives) is dissolved, in what is known as a

2701:. In such an event, the entirety of the Senate faces re-election, as does the House of Representatives, rather than only about half the chamber as is normally the case. After a double dissolution election, if the bills in question are reintroduced, and if they again fail to pass the Senate, the Governor-General may agree to a 2621:

sit (ayes to the right of the chair, noes to the left). The whole procedure takes around eight minutes. Senators with commitments that keep them from the chamber may make arrangements in advance to be 'paired' with a senator of the opposite political party, so that their absence does not affect the outcome of the vote.

2519: 2515: 2516: 1569:, by giving equal representation to each state and almost equal powers with the lower house. This was done to give less populous states a real influence in the Parliament, while also maintaining the traditional review functions upper houses in the Westminster system. This has led to the description of a " 7238:

We have set up a system since then which has put the globals back in place. We roped into the globals such things as operating leases. We have got enhanced reporting standards on all State Budgets so that they are the same, as the Statistician would require for the compilation of national statistics.

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If the Senate rejects or fails to pass a proposed law, or passes it with amendments to which the House of Representatives will not agree, and if after an interval of three months the Senate refuses to pass the same piece of legislation, the government may either abandon the bill or continue to revise

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When a division is to be held, bells ring throughout the parliament building for four minutes, during which time senators must go to the chamber. At the end of that period the doors are locked and a vote is taken, by identifying and counting senators according to the side of the chamber on which they

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is followed by debate on the principle or policy of the bill (the second reading debate). Agreement to the bill in principle is indicated by a second reading, after which the detailed provisions of the bill are considered by one of a number of methods (see below). Bills may also be referred by either

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The number of votes that a candidate must receive to be elected to the senate is referred to as a "quota". The quota is worked out by dividing the number of formal votes by one more than the number of vacancies to be filled and then adding one to the result. The 2019 senate election was a half senate

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Following a double dissolution, all 76 senators face re-election. If there is an early House election outside the 12-month period in which Senate elections can occur, the synchronisation of the election will be disrupted, and there can be half-Senate elections without a concurrent House election. The

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The term of the four senators from the territories is not fixed, but is defined by the dates of the general elections for the House of Representatives, the period between which can vary greatly, to a maximum of three years and three months. Territory senators commence their terms on the day that they

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The ungrouped candidates in the far right column do not have a box above the line. Therefore, they can only get a primary (number 1) vote from electors who vote below the line. For this reason, some independents register as a group, either with other independents or by themselves, such as group B in

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After a double dissolution election, section 13 of the Constitution requires the Senate to divide the senators into two classes, with the first class having a three-year "short term", and the second class a six-year "long term". The Senate may adopt any approach it wants to determine how to allocate

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provides that the Senate may also disallow legislative instruments – typically regulations made by government ministers using powers delegated by relevant legislation. The same power is afforded to the House of Representatives, but is rarely exercised given the government's control of numbers in the

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The ability of the Houses of Parliament to establish committees is referenced in Section 49 of the Constitution, which states, "The powers, privileges, and immunities of the Senate and of the House of Representatives, and of the members and the committees of each House, shall be such as are declared

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The Senate has detailed rules in its standing orders that govern how a bill is considered at each stage. This process of consideration can vary greatly in the amount of time taken. Consideration of some bills is completed in a single day, while complex or controversial legislation may take months to

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The Australian Senate typically sits for 50 to 60 days a year. Most of those days are grouped into 'sitting fortnights' of two four-day weeks. These are in turn arranged in three periods: the autumn sittings, from February to April; the winter sittings, which commence with the delivery of the budget

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on a state-by-state basis became the method for electing senators. At this time the number of senators was expanded from 36 to 60 and it was argued that a move to proportional representation was needed to even up the balance between both major parties in the chamber. The change in voting systems has

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Senators normally serve fixed six-year terms (from 1 July to 30 June). At most federal elections, the seats of 40 of the 76 senators (half of the 72 senators from the six states and all four of the senators from the territories) are contested, along with the entire House of Representatives; such an

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Labor has accused the Government of 'ramming' bills through the Senate – but Labor "guillotined" Parliamentary debate more than twice the number of times in their 13 years in Government than the Coalition has over the last decade. In the last six months, the Government has not sought to guillotine

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While there is no constitutional requirement for the election of senators to take place at the same time as those for members of the House of Representatives, the government usually synchronises the dates of elections for the Senate and House of Representatives. However, because their terms do not

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When the government has a majority in the Senate, the importance of party discipline increases, as it is only backbenchers that may prevent the passage of government bills. While strong party discipline has been a feature of Australian politics since the emergence of the Labor Party in the early

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Section 13 of the Constitution requires that in half-Senate elections, the election of State senators shall take place within one year before the places become vacant. The actual election date is determined by the Governor of each State, who acts on the advice of the State Premier. The Governors

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The Senate has the same legislative power as the House of Representatives, except it may not originate or amend taxing or appropriation bills; they may only pass or reject them. The ability to block the annual appropriations bills required to fund the government ("supply") was exercised in the

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body. The elected membership of the Senate more closely reflects the first voting preference of the electorate as a whole than does the composition of the House of Representatives, despite the large discrepancies from state to state in the ratio of voters to senators. This often means that the

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which deal with matters referred to them by the Senate. These committees also conduct hearings three times a year in which the government's budget and operations are examined. These are known as estimates hearings. Traditionally dominated by scrutiny of government activities by non-government

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With proportional representation, and the small majorities in the Senate compared to the generally larger majorities in the House of Representatives, and the requirement that the number of members of the House be "nearly as practicable" twice that of the Senate, a joint sitting after a double

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Because each state elects six senators at each half-Senate election, the quota for election is only one-seventh or 14.3% (one third or 33.3% for territories, where only two senators are elected). Once a candidate has been elected with votes reaching the quota amount, any votes they receive in

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of a State senator shall be filled by the State Parliament. If the previous senator was a member of a particular political party the replacement must come from the same party, but the State Parliament may choose not to fill the vacancy, in which case Section 11 requires the Senate to proceed

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won control of the Senate in 2005, it sparked a debate about the effectiveness of the Senate in holding the government of the day accountable for its actions. Government members argued that the Senate continued to be a forum of vigorous debate, and its committees continued to be active. The

2781:, contested the legitimacy of the blocking and refused to resign. The crisis brought to a head two Westminster conventions that, under the Australian constitutional system, were in conflict – firstly, that a government may continue to govern for as long as it has the support of the 4013:

The Senate has included representatives from a range of political parties, including several parties that have seldom or never had representation in the House of Representatives, but which have consistently secured a small but significant level of electoral support, as the table shows.

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re-count method, where the long terms are allocated to those senators who would have been elected first if the election had been a standard half-Senate election. This method is likely to be preferred by the major parties in the Senate where it would deliver more six-year terms to their

1736:. The senator argued that the changes meant the senators would not be "directly chosen by the people" as required by the constitution. The High Court rejected Day's challenge unanimously, deciding that both above the line and below the line voting were consistent with the constitution. 2539:

Parliamentary committees can be given a wide range of powers. One of the most significant powers is the ability to summon people to attend hearings in order to give evidence and submit documents. Anyone who attempts to hinder the work of a Parliamentary committee may be found to be in

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was introduced. As a result of the changes, voters may now assign their preferences for parties above the line (numbering as many boxes as they wish), or individual candidates below the line, and are not required to fill all of the boxes. Both above and below the line voting now use

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initiated public discussion of whether the mechanism for the resolution of deadlocks between the Houses should be reformed. High levels of support for the existing mechanism, and a very low level of public interest in that discussion, resulted in the abandonment of these proposals.

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The Constitution permits the Parliament to increase the number of senators, provided that equal numbers of senators from each original state are maintained; accordingly, in 1948, Senate representation was increased from 6 to 10 senators for each state, increasing the total to 60.

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A party does not need the support of the Senate to form government (needing only a majority in the House of Representatives), however the Senate can block supply, effectively preventing the government from lawfully spending money. Whether a government facing a Senate that blocks

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provides that any senator may move a motion disallowing a legislative instrument, which if passed within 15 days has the effect of repealing the instrument. The government may not enact an equivalent legislative instrument for a period of six months following the disallowal.

2555:. Every participant, including committee members and witnesses giving evidence, is protected from being prosecuted under any civil or criminal action for anything they may say during a hearing. Written evidence and documents received by a committee are also protected. 2453:

in the House of Representatives on the first sitting day of May and run through to June or July; and the spring sittings, which commence around August and continue until December, and which typically contain the largest number of the year's sitting days.

2078:, which has a population of more than 8 million. Because of this imbalance, governments favoured by the more populous states are occasionally frustrated by the extra power the smaller states have in the Senate, to the degree that former Prime Minister 1608:) in the Australian Parliament is initiated by the government, which has control over the lower house. It is then passed to the Senate, which has the opportunity to amend the bill, pass or reject it. In the majority of cases, voting takes place along 2800:

elections analyst Antony Green noted that the blocking of supply alone cannot force a double dissolution. There must be legislation repeatedly blocked by the Senate which the government can then choose to use as a trigger for a double dissolution.

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is strong, so divisions almost always are decided on party lines. Nevertheless, the existence of minor parties holding the balance of power in the Senate has made divisions in that chamber more uncertain than in the House of Representatives.

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regardless. If the State Parliament happens to be in recess when the vacancy occurs, the Constitution provides that the State Governor can appoint someone to fill the place until fourteen days after the State Parliament resumes sitting.

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coincide, the incoming Parliament will for some time comprise the new House of Representatives and the old Senate, except for the senators representing the territories, until the new senators start their term on the next 1 July.

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House to their specialised standing or select committees. Agreement to the policy and the details is confirmed by a third and final reading. These processes ensure that a bill is systematically considered before being agreed to.

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was appointed prime minister in 1968, he resigned from the Senate and was elected to the House), other ministers may come from either house, and the two Houses have almost equal legislative power. As with most upper chambers in

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Vote for at least twelve candidates below the thick black line, by writing the numbers 1-12 in the individual candidates' boxes. Votes with between six and twelve boxes numbered are still admitted to the count through savings

1597:(bills that authorise government expenditure of public revenue) or bills that impose taxation, that role being reserved for the lower house; it can only approve, reject or defer them (as famously occurred in the lead up to 9973: 2065:

Each state elects the same number of senators, meaning there is equal representation for each of the Australian states, regardless of population, so the Senate, like many upper Houses, does not adhere to the principle of

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Slightly more than half of the Senate is contested at each general election (half of the 72 state senators, and all four of the territory senators), along with the entire House of Representatives. Except in the case of a

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The reasons for the nexus are twofold: a desire to maintain a constant influence for the smaller states, and maintain a constant balance of the two Houses in the event of a joint sitting after a double dissolution. A

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describes as a fairer approach but notes could be ignored if a majority of senators opted for the "elected-order" method instead. In both double dissolution elections since 1987, the "elected order" method was used.

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must be passed by a majority in both the House of Representatives and the Senate before they become law. Most bills originate in the House of Representatives, and the great majority are introduced by the government.

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along with the entirety of the House of Representatives. However, there is no constitutional requirement that Senate and House elections occur at the same time; the last Senate-only and House-only elections occurred

1877:, were given an entitlement to elect two senators each for the first time, bringing the number to 64. The senators from the Northern Territory also represent constituents from Australia's Indian Ocean Territories ( 1711:

to reduce the number of senators of elected with a very small number of first preference votes as a result of the candidates of these micro-parties preferencing each other. In the place of group tickets, a form of

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The usual procedure is for notice to be given by a government minister the day before the bill is introduced into the Senate. Once introduced the bill goes through several stages of consideration. It is given a

1623:, which engage in a wide variety of inquiries. The results have no direct legislative power, but are valuable forums that raise many points of view that would otherwise not receive government or public notice. 8464: 2517: 1601:). That degree of equality between the Senate and House of Representatives reflects the desire of the Constitution's authors to prevent the more populous states totally dominating the legislative process. 8197: 1913:

requires the Senate to allocate long and short terms amongst its members. The term of senators representing a territory expires at the same time as there is an election for the House of Representatives.

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Vote for at least six parties above the thick black line, by writing the numbers 1-6 in party boxes. Votes with fewer than six boxes numbered are still admitted to the count through savings provisions.

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requires that in the event of a tied division, the question is resolved in the negative. The system is however different for ballots for offices such as the President. If such a ballot is tied, the

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was also elected to represent the ACT at the 2022 election. It is less uncommon for a senator initially elected representing a party to become an independent, most recently in the cases of Senator

2733:"elected-order" method, where the senators elected first attain a six-year term. This approach tends to favour minor party candidates as it gives greater weight to their first preference votes; or 8075: 7817: 1744:

The Australian Senate voting paper under the single transferable vote proportional representation system resembles the following example (shown in two parts), which shows the candidates for

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been described as an "institutional revolution" that has had the effect of limiting the government's ability to control the chamber, as well as helping the rise of Australian minor parties.

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by the Parliament, and until declared shall be those of the Commons House of Parliament of the United Kingdom, and of its members and committees, at the establishment of the Commonwealth."

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There are also small factions in the United Kingdom (both from the right and left) who wish to the see the House of Lords take on a structure similar to that of the Australian Senate.

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Candidates, parties and groups earn a public subsidy if they gain at least 4% of the primary vote. At the 2019 federal election, funding was $ 2.756 per formal first preference vote.

2745:. Since that time the Senate has passed resolutions on several occasions indicating its intention to use the re-count method to allocate seats at any future double dissolution, which 10034: 9677: 2773:

used its numbers in the Senate to defer supply bills, refusing to deal with them until an election was called for both Houses of Parliament, an election which it hoped to win. The

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These conditions have periodically been the source of debate, and within these conditions, the composition and rules of the Senate have varied significantly since federation.

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The latest expansion in Senate numbers took place in 1984, when the number of senators from each state was increased from 10 to 12, resulting in a total of 76 senators.

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are filled by the relevant state or territory parliament, or by the corresponding state or territory government on an interim basis if the parliament is not in session.

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The Intentions of the Framers of the Australian Constitution Regarding Responsible Government and Accountability of the Commonerslth Executive to the Australian Senate

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The overwhelming majority of senators have always been elected as representatives of political parties. Parties which currently have representation in the Senate are:

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The Senate contains an even number of senators, so a tied vote is a real prospect (which regularly occurs when the party numbers in the chamber are finely balanced).

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almost always act on the recommendation of the Governor-General, with the last independent Senate election writ being issued by the Governor of Queensland during the

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has only had a majority in the Senate from 2005–2007; otherwise, negotiations with other parties and independents have generally been necessary to pass legislation.

7513: 2785:, and secondly, that a government that no longer has access to supply must either resign or be dismissed. The deadlock ended in November 1975 when Governor-General 9947: 8621: 7986: 3920: 3882: 3864: 7259: 11404: 9938: 9562: 8901: 8532: 8494: 8489: 8292: 1342: 1046: 8189: 10199: 8583: 3853: 6750: 2576:, a minor party which frequently played mediating and negotiating roles in the Senate, expressed concern about a diminished role for the Senate's committees. 1862:

The size of the Senate has changed over the years. The Constitution originally provided for six senators for each state, resulting in a total of 36 senators.

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Results represent the composition of the Senate after the elections. The full Senate has been contested on eight occasions; the inaugural election and seven

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became leader of the Nationals in the Senate, and stated that his party in the upper house would no longer necessarily vote with their Liberal counterparts.

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The strength of party discipline is demonstrated by how rare it is for members to vote against the position taken by their party. The exceptions are where a

1910: 6675:"The Constitution and the Australian System of Limited Government, Responsible Government and Representative Democracy: Revisiting the Washminster Mutation" 3925:

In the 2022 half–Senate election, 40 seats were up for election: six from each state and two from each territory. The senate results were: Liberal/National

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The constitution grants the Senate nearly equivalent powers to the House of Representatives, with the exception that the Senate may not originate or amend

976: 911: 7675: 7225: 9552: 7050: 1930:, senators for the states are elected for fixed terms of six years, commencing on 1 July following the election, and ceasing on 30 June six years later. 1068: 6686: 11200: 11158: 10294: 10039: 9913: 9880: 9870: 7785: 2706: 1441: 668: 647: 142: 98: 11409: 10716: 10707: 9786: 8896: 8079: 7809: 9517: 11276: 10046: 9918: 1041: 804: 794: 6848: 10804: 9999: 9156: 8949: 7480: 6339: 2845: 2810: 2491:

pass through all stages of Senate scrutiny. The Constitution provides that if the Senate vote is equal, the question shall pass in the negative.

831: 821: 10324: 10319: 8255: 7763: 11657: 11133: 10144: 8162: 7168: 8335: 6792: 6573: 2264:. However, even where the Senate does not block supply, they can still use their power to frustrate the legislative agenda of the government. 11444: 7461:. Representation and Institutional Change: 50 Years of Proportional Representation in the Senate. Vol. 34. pp. 1–12. Archived from 2836: 2427: 2417: 1522: 813: 10068: 9885: 9875: 8614: 8588: 6651: 3887:

In the 2019 half-Senate election, 40 seats were up for election: six from each state and two from each territory. The senate results were:

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Candidates, parties and groups pay a deposit of $ 2,000 per candidate, which is forfeited if they fail to achieve 4% of the primary vote.

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have difficulty getting elected. The exceptions in recent times have been elected in less populous States — the former Tasmanian Senator

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The proportional election system within each state ensures that the Senate incorporates more political diversity than the lower house (

1511:. The terms of senators from territories expire at the dissolution of the House of Representatives, typically at three-year intervals. 1425:

of the Constitution provides that the House of Representatives shall as near as practicable, have twice as many members as the Senate.

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The Australian Senate serves as a model for some politicians in Canada, particularly in the Western provinces, who wish to reform the

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The order of parties on the ballot papers and the order of ungrouped candidates are determined by a random ballot conducted by the

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Names of parties can be shown only if the parties are registered, which requires, among other things, a minimum of 1,500 members.

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as a mechanism to break deadlocks between the House and Senate, whereby the entire Senate is dissolved and all seats made vacant.

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the Senate plays an active role in legislation and is not merely a chamber of review. Instead of being modelled solely after the

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passed in 1977 provides that casual vacancies must be filled by a member of the same political party as the previous senator.

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The double dissolution mechanism is not available for bills that originate in the Senate and are blocked in the lower house.

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composition of the Senate is different from that of the House of Representatives, contributing to the Senate's function as a

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Opposition leader in the Senate suggested that the government had attenuated the scrutinising activities of the Senate. The

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Proceedings of committees are considered to have the same legal standing as proceedings of Parliament. They are recorded by

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decides the outcome by the drawing of lots. In reality, conventions govern most ballots, so this situation does not arise.

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Papers on Parliament No. 34 Representation and Institutional Change: 50 Years of Proportional Representation in the Senate

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Papers on Parliament No. 34 Representation and Institutional Change: 50 Years of Proportional Representation in the Senate

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With an even number of seats in a half-Senate election (6), 57.1% of the vote is needed to win a majority of seats (4/6).

839: 11292: 11262: 11225: 11183: 11071: 10878: 10797: 10408: 10366: 9860: 9826: 8942: 8759: 8658: 8052: 7510: 2797: 2606: 2395: 2236: 1464: 1410: 1390: 1375: 1142: 957: 636: 76: 7982: 11316: 11306: 11081: 10521: 10470: 9687: 7112: 2975: 1036: 547: 8276: 7786:"Senator Andrew Murray: Australian Democrats Accountability Spokesperson Senate Statistics 1 July 2005 – 30 June 2006" 1570: 10280: 10209: 9532: 9121: 8329: 6883: 6786: 5552: 2829: 1697: 1134: 971: 11454: 8420: 11642: 11242: 11061: 11043: 11037: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10167: 10162: 10004: 9772: 9186: 8558: 6742: 6304: 6230: 6163: 6074: 6001: 5954: 5906: 5858: 5810: 5762: 5710: 5661: 5613: 5562: 5507: 5461: 5417: 5374: 5323: 5271: 5098: 5055: 5012: 4923: 4874: 4831: 4788: 4745: 4702: 4659: 4616: 4573: 4530: 4487: 4440: 4397: 4351: 4307: 4264: 4218: 4167: 4114: 3729: 2949: 2742: 1749: 1708: 1693: 1508: 1121: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 370: 8417:

A podcast about the development of Australia's upper houses into STV proportional representation elected chambers.

1779:

With an odd number of seats in a half-Senate election (3 or 5), 50.1% of the vote wins a majority (2/3) or (3/5).

1440:

is drawn from the majority party or coalition in the House of Representatives. However, the government appoints a

11118: 10656: 9928: 9753: 9702: 9632: 9567: 9436: 9366: 9226: 9073: 9063: 9033: 8809: 8361: 7875:

Evans, Harry (2008). "The case for bicameralism". In Aroney, Nicholas; Prasser, Scott; Nethercote, J. R. (eds.).

7383: 7349: 7315: 7281: 7194: 7046: 7016: 6986: 6474: 6324: 6128: 5227: 5184: 5141: 4969: 4205: 2328: 1943: 1798: 1504: 1214: 1199: 929: 711: 679: 354: 2652:. Crossing the floor very rarely occurs, but is more likely in the Senate than in the House of Representatives. 11647: 11637: 11394: 11282: 11205: 11163: 10866: 10790: 10623: 10460: 10235: 10016: 9865: 9748: 9667: 9637: 9469: 9286: 9236: 9176: 9111: 8935: 8868: 8694: 8578: 8563: 7535: 6344: 6314: 6276: 6215: 6143: 5845: 5797: 3988: 3942: 3904: 3822: 3698: 3477: 3235: 2983: 2629: 2307: 1955:

election, so 6 senate vacancies were contested in each state. At this election, the quotas in each state were:

1776:

addition to this may be distributed to other candidates as preferences, if there are still open seats to fill.

1631: 1476: 1157: 1059: 1021: 944: 275: 7042: 2672:

in party policy deliberations and the limitations to their power to influence outcomes in the Senate chamber.

1491:. Since major reforms in 1970, the Senate's role as a house of review has increased with the expansion of its 11399: 11252: 11230: 11220: 11188: 11178: 11138: 11123: 11103: 10937: 10927: 10834: 10614: 10563: 10503: 10399: 10272: 9814: 9522: 9477: 9356: 9136: 8783: 8380: 7251: 6674: 6457: 6282: 3994: 3946: 3534: 3217: 2877: 2312: 1670: 1644: 1472: 1445: 1234: 1209: 1172: 1167: 1002: 906: 573: 499: 295: 9106: 7792: 11379: 11312: 11302: 10140: 10083: 10078: 10073: 9459: 9376: 9181: 9101: 8720: 7387: 6154: 5361: 5309: 3496: 3264: 2822: 2786: 2564: 2528: 2500: 2352: 2199: 1874: 1718: 1713: 1620: 1492: 1457: 1432:, but only reject or defer them. According to convention, the Senate plays no role in the formation of the 1394: 1016: 401: 199: 31: 8404: 7353: 7319: 7285: 11652: 11355: 10849: 10839: 10572: 10230: 10114: 9923: 9351: 9053: 8833: 8745: 8680: 6598: 6392: 4042: 3961: 3892: 3153: 3059: 2774: 2284: 1685: 1577: 1498:

Senators from states ordinarily serve six-year terms, with half of the Senate up for re-election at each

1471:. Since the late 20th century, it has been rare for governments to hold a majority in the Senate and the 1437: 1418: 1314: 530: 251: 11627: 11351: 10240: 9642: 9296: 9196: 8848: 8674: 8011: 7704: 7656: 7572: 7557: 7141: 6453: 6368: 4037: 3957: 3888: 3193: 2888: 2867: 2665: 2280: 1654: 1244: 1098: 786: 742: 393: 243: 175: 153: 9662: 7953:"Transcript of the Prime Minister the Hon John Howard MP Press Conference, Parliament House, Canberra" 7156: 2644:

is allowed by one or more of the political parties; and occasions where a member of a political party

2398:

being expelled from the Jacqui Lambie Network, and Lidia Thorpe resigning from the Australian Greens.

11108: 10907: 9326: 9301: 9131: 9068: 9038: 8988: 8843: 8823: 8753: 8629: 7937:

Neither of these instances resulted in the defeat of a government proposal, as in both cases Senator

7767: 5600: 5542: 4479: 4159: 3174: 2694: 2348: 1662: 1658: 1546: 1382: 1204: 464: 9246: 8158: 7177: 11054: 10450: 10194: 10183: 9502: 9482: 8883: 8838: 8316: 6773: 6564: 6385: 5745: 5696: 5648: 4913: 3416: 3304: 3127: 2324: 1681: 1605: 1584:, by convention (though not legal requirement), are members of the House of Representatives (after 1414: 1294: 1113: 921: 342: 11539: 10895: 10873: 10348: 10060: 9795: 9692: 9657: 9487: 9311: 9003: 8645: 8053:"Election 2016: How do we decide which senators are in for three years and which are in for six?" 6876:

Blackshield and Williams Australian constitutional law and theory : commentary and materials

3022: 2906: 2552: 2185: 1882: 1725: 1650: 1550: 1367: 1249: 1229: 1224: 734: 606: 596: 62: 8863: 6630: 6599:"How have the British and US systems of government influenced the Australian government system?" 11559: 11534: 11459: 11384: 11096: 10900: 10605: 10554: 10154: 10099: 9943: 9890: 9682: 9617: 9607: 8654: 7098: 6478: 6461: 6309: 4069: 4032: 3970: 3950: 3930: 3896: 3560: 3435: 3211: 3143: 2770: 2541: 2297: 1674: 1581: 1499: 1480: 1453: 1299: 1279: 1254: 1239: 1194: 857: 724: 692: 308: 230: 223: 131: 109: 87: 7749: 6982: 383: 11554: 11389: 11363: 11347: 11113: 10829: 10813: 10189: 10119: 9809: 9441: 9421: 9396: 9346: 9096: 8906: 8873: 8700: 8668: 8102: 7908: 6388: 6271: 6210: 6123: 4064: 3982: 3964: 3938: 3926: 3908: 3645: 3508: 3336: 3293: 3182: 3121: 2857: 2613: 2482: 2474: 2317: 2292: 2276: 2257: 1701: 1609: 1484: 1433: 767: 520: 483: 440: 283: 236: 213: 2697:, the Prime Minister can advise the Governor-General to dissolve the entire parliament in a 11514: 11499: 11489: 11128: 10844: 9627: 9597: 9542: 9391: 9306: 9261: 9251: 9241: 9078: 8878: 8828: 8769: 8174: 8130: 7960: 7851: 6970: 6449: 4054: 3342: 2814: 2793:

as Prime Minister, on the condition that elections for both Houses of parliament be held.

2573: 2336: 2203: 1886: 1885:), while the senators from the Australian Capital Territory also represent voters from the 1745: 1566: 1449: 1398: 966: 614: 583: 8: 11494: 9712: 9707: 9411: 9281: 9013: 8399: 7626: 6512: 6059: 2340: 1626: 1103: 8927: 8375: 7404: 7370: 7336: 7302: 7076: 11564: 11479: 11429: 10917: 10177: 9492: 9401: 9371: 9321: 9201: 9166: 9116: 9048: 8031: 7902:"How Democratic is Parliament? A case study in auditing the performance of Parliaments" 7602: 7462: 7417:

Lijphart, Arend (1 November 1999). "Australian Democracy: Modifying Majoritarianism?".

6824: 6319: 6138: 6118: 6044: 5941: 5893: 4018: 3465: 3441: 3427: 3403: 3169: 2965: 2698: 2645: 2332: 2177: 2067: 1927: 1906: 1870: 1733: 1594: 1554: 1516: 1406: 777: 772: 9697: 2597:

Senators are called upon to vote on matters before the Senate. These votes are called

11374: 10861: 10124: 9652: 9582: 9547: 9426: 9386: 9336: 9276: 9271: 9151: 9146: 9058: 9043: 8749: 8688: 8450: 8325: 8282: 8261: 7880: 7588: 7434: 6879: 6849:"The Origin of Senate Group Ticket Voting, and it didn't come from the Major Parties" 6782: 4059: 3976: 3934: 3900: 3397: 3389: 3354: 2568: 2302: 2260:

is obliged to either resign or call an election was one of the major disputes of the

2138: 1934:

are elected. Their terms expire the day prior to the following general election day.

1666: 1549:

established the Senate as the second chamber of the national parliament of the newly

1304: 1289: 576: 267: 9231: 11574: 11524: 11504: 9672: 9527: 9507: 9331: 9216: 9141: 9018: 9008: 8993: 8978: 7426: 6643: 6445: 5749: 3454: 3383: 3375: 3164: 3094: 3009: 2994: 2605:

where the vote is to choose a senator to fill an office of the Senate (such as the

2527:

In addition to the work of the main chamber, the Senate also has a large number of

2402: 2240: 2181: 2112: 1878: 1755: 1562: 1272: 934: 844: 538: 336: 149: 8260:(14th with updates to 30 June 2022 ed.). Canberra: Department of the Senate. 2060: 11439: 11369: 9743: 9622: 9361: 9341: 9316: 9291: 9266: 9256: 9211: 9206: 9161: 9126: 8911: 8777: 8714: 8710: 7858: 7633: 7609: 7522:

Senate Envy and Other Lectures in the Senate Occasional Lecture Series, 2001–2002

7517: 6831: 6205: 3322: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3004: 2912: 2649: 2641: 2371: 2151: 2099: 2075: 1613: 1284: 824: 757: 745: 8510: 8392: 1835:

the Senate must be elected in a way that is not discriminatory among the states.

11569: 9592: 9587: 9572: 9557: 9381: 9221: 9191: 8791: 8309:

Parliament in the Twenty-first Century: Institutional Reform and Emerging Roles

7959:. Office of the Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from 7938: 7676:"Odgers' Australian Senate Practice Fourteenth Edition Chapter 16 - Committees" 7481:"Just how representative are the houses of parliament of how Australians vote?" 7012: 6408: 3591: 3491: 3446: 3408: 3370: 3364: 3328: 3280: 3113: 2970: 2960: 2955: 2790: 2657: 2386:

not joining the Conservatives following its merger with Family First, Senators

2323:

Other parties that have achieved Senate representation in the past include the

2207: 1890: 1558: 1402: 1381:

The powers, role and composition of the Senate are set out in Chapter I of the

797: 555: 127: 10302: 6647: 2505: 1829:

The Senate must comprise an equal number of senators from each original state,

11621: 11603: 11590: 11529: 11474: 11449: 10109: 9738: 9733: 9088: 8704: 7438: 6420: 6412: 3615: 3603: 3522: 3314: 3299: 2999: 2893: 2778: 2676: 2661: 2391: 2375: 2074:, with a population of around 500,000, elects the same number of senators as 762: 752: 287: 9836: 8095:"Statement from John Kerr (dated 11 November 1975) explaining his decisions" 2729:

the long and short terms, however two methods are currently 'on the table':

2456:

The senate has a regular schedule that structures its typical working week.

1389:. There are a total of 76 senators: twelve are elected from each of the six 454: 419: 39: 11484: 11464: 11434: 10129: 9728: 9577: 9512: 9028: 8787: 8763: 8071: 8022: 7430: 6955: 6952:

High court rejects Bob Day appeal and finds Senate voting changes are legal

6844: 6416: 6404: 4001: 3627: 3574: 3309: 3275: 3256: 3251: 3198: 3188: 3108: 2883: 2746: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2079: 1590: 1468: 1364: 703: 258: 9764: 8076:"How Long and Short Senate Terms are Allocated After a Double Dissolution" 6335:

Members of the Australian Parliament who have served for at least 30 years

11519: 11469: 9537: 9023: 8962: 8958: 8853: 7746:"Media Release 43/2006 – Senate remains robust under Government majority" 3548: 3422: 3270: 3241: 3227: 3080: 3075: 3028: 3014: 2898: 2782: 2716: 2669: 2245: 1919: 1585: 1537: 1487:

also exists, as happened for the first and thus far only time during the

1371: 1360: 671: 619: 491: 299: 171: 57: 10782: 2082:

famously referred to the Senate's members as "unrepresentative swill".

11544: 8970: 8773: 8724: 3460: 3285: 3222: 3203: 2989: 2941: 2465: 2125: 1429: 1078: 682: 650: 507: 105: 10821: 10314: 8278:

Platypus and Parliament: The Australian Senate in Theory and Practice

6424: 3579: 3246: 3159: 2917: 2221: 1219: 639: 406: 83: 2477:, which represents the bill's formal introduction into the chamber. 11549: 7879:. Crawley, W.A: University of Western Australia Press. p. 71. 7232:. Parliament of Australia: House of Representatives. p. 2547. 6968:

Day v Australian Electoral Officer for the State of South Australia

3953:

1 seat (+1). The composition of the Senate after the election was:

2164: 2071: 473: 397: 8409: 7865:, No. 11, 2005–06, Department of Parliamentary Services, Canberra. 7199:

Australian Electoral Commission Tally Room - 2016 Federal Election

2563:

One of the functions of the Senate, both directly and through its

2439: 8797: 7907:. Democratic Audit of Australia, Discussion Paper. Archived from 7852:'Crossing the floor in the Federal Parliament 1950 – August 2004' 6698: 2548: 1729: 1649:

The system for electing senators has changed several times since

8254:

Odgers, JR; Evans, Henry (30 June 2022). Laing, Rosemary (ed.).

1661:

system, on a state-by-state basis. This was replaced in 1919 by

10257:

List of members of the Australian Parliament who died in office

7382: 7348: 7314: 7280: 6878:(6th ed.). Annandale, NSW: Federation Press. p. 415. 2789:

dismissed Whitlam's government and appointed Opposition Leader

2693:

it, or, in certain circumstances outlined in section 57 of the

2061:

Proportional representation of the states vs one vote one value

3648:(NT) who caucus with either the federal Liberals or Nationals. 2723: 6931:"Explainer: how does preferential voting work in the Senate?" 4008: 1673:

held all but one of the 36 seats, and from 1947 to 1950, the

7877:

Restraining elective dictatorship: the upper house solution?

2844: 2741:

The Senate applied the "elected-order" method following the

7764:"Senator Chris Evans, The tyranny of the majority (speech)" 7176:(Pamphlet), Australian Electoral Commission, archived from 6435:

Figures are available for each year on the Senate StatsNet.

10303:

Parliaments of Australia – Federal, states and territories

8314: 8023:

Consultative Group on Constitutional Change (March 2004).

7511:'Senate Envy: Why Western Canada Wants What Australia Has' 6771: 1565:

was, the Australian Senate was in part modelled after the

1393:, regardless of population, and two each representing the 8957: 7455:

Overview: Institutional Design and the Role of the Senate

7452:

Sawer, Marian (1999). Marian Sawer; Sarah Miskin (eds.).

7256:

Australian Bureau of Statistics - Population: Census 2021

2687: 2660:

on civil unions in the Australian Capital Territory, and

2648:

of the chamber to vote against the instructions of their

1832:

each original state shall have at least six senators, and

1129: 6292:

Single transferable vote (Optional preferential voting)

6225:

Single transferable vote (Optional preferential voting)

3921:

Results of the 2022 Australian federal election (Senate)

3883:

Results of the 2019 Australian federal election (Senate)

3640:*The Liberal and National totals include members of the 2635: 7983:"Nationals won't toe Libs' line: Joyce – SMH 18/9/2008" 6900:"Senate voting changes explained in AEC advertisements" 6874:

Williams, George; Brennan, Sean; Lynch, Andrew (2014).

1825:

Under sections 7 and 8 of the Australian Constitution:

8126:"An Early Double Dissolution? Don't Hold Your Breath!" 2551:, except for private hearings, and also operate under 8078:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from 7226:"Questions without notice: Loan council arrangements" 7224:

Paul Keating, Prime Minister (4 November 1992).

2509:

A Senate committee room in Parliament House, Canberra

8410:

The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate

7928:, news.com.au, 15 June 2006. Retrieved January 2008. 7587:. Australian Senate. 7 November 2011. Archived from 6873: 2523:

A short video on Australian Parliamentary Committees

1724:

The changes were subject to a challenge in front of

1444:

and senators hold senior roles in the government as

2705:of the two Houses in an attempt to pass the bills. 1604:In practice, however, most legislation (except for 9914:Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives 7616:, No. 8, 2008, Department of the Senate, Canberra. 7201:. Australian Electoral Commission. 9 August 2016. 6629: 6562: 1573:" to describe the Australian political structure. 8540: 2558: 2405:so that it takes a more active legislative role. 1634:, where the Parliament met between 1927 and 1988. 1467:, who exercises only an ordinary vote and has no 1463:The Senate elects one of its members to serve as 11619: 4023: 1669:majorities. For instance, from 1920 to 1923 the 7153:Senate (Representation of Territories) Act 1973 7099:Senate (Representation of Territories) Act 1973 7073:"Chapter 4, Odgers' Australian Senate Practice" 6068:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 5996:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 5949:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 5901:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 5853:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 5805:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 5757:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 5705:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 5656:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 5608:Single transferable vote (Group voting ticket) 2426:Section 15 of the Constitution provides that a 1707:Group tickets were abolished in advance of the 8400:Australian Parliament – live broadcasting 10798: 10288: 9780: 8943: 8615: 8526: 8436: 8066: 8064: 8062: 7075:. Aph.gov.au. 2 February 2010. Archived from 6928: 2830: 2418:Casual vacancies in the Australian Parliament 1759:Senate ballot paper used in Victoria for 2016 1336: 814:Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia 10069:Chronology of Australian federal parliaments 8307:John Halligan, Robin Miller and John Power, 8070: 8046: 8044: 7850:Deirdre McKeown, Rob Lundie and Greg Baker, 7640:, No. 9, Department of the Senate, Canberra. 7223: 6843: 6837: 6705: 2682: 1553:. In contrast to countries employing a pure 1413:). Senators are popularly elected under the 10262:Members of multiple Australian legislatures 10135:List of acts of the Parliament of Australia 9794: 8253: 6815: 6813: 6340:Members of the Australian Senate, 2022–2025 2811:Members of the Australian Senate, 2022–2025 2724:Allocating terms after a double dissolution 2715:On 8 October 2003, the then Prime Minister 2459: 2366:Due to the need to obtain votes statewide, 10805: 10791: 10295: 10281: 9787: 9773: 8950: 8936: 8622: 8608: 8533: 8519: 8443: 8429: 8415:Australia's Upper Houses - ABC Rear Vision 8315:Sawer, Marian & Miskin, Sarah (1999). 8059: 8025:"Resolving Deadlocks: The Public Response" 8008:Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 7701:Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 7653:Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 7569:Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 7554:Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 7403: 7369: 7335: 7301: 7138:Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 6772:Sawer, Marian & Miskin, Sarah (1999). 6719:. Parliament of Australia. December 2016. 4009:Historical party composition of the Senate 2837: 2823: 2579:In addition to review of legislation, the 1343: 1329: 382: 38: 16:Upper house of the Parliament of Australia 10812: 8393:Official website of the Australian Senate 8050: 8041: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7115:. Australian Electoral Commission. 2016. 6679:University of New South Wales Law Journal 1763:To vote correctly, electors must either: 7648: 7646: 7416: 7236:from the original on 13 September 2024. 6810: 6672: 6662:– via Taylor & Francis Online. 6627: 6532: 6530: 2512: 2504: 2438: 2374:and the former South Australian Senator 1754: 1625: 1536: 8311:, Melbourne University Publishing, 2007 7537:House of Lords Reform: A Briefing Paper 7533: 7419:Australian Journal of Political Science 6961: 6636:Australian Journal of Political Science 1593:, the Senate cannot introduce or amend 1069:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 433:This article is part of a series on the 11620: 8231:from the original on 13 September 2024 8218: 8200:from the original on 13 September 2024 8187: 8165:from the original on 13 September 2024 8138:from the original on 13 September 2024 8055:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7985:. News.smh.com.au. 18 September 2008. 7950: 7714: 7712: 7661: 7491:from the original on 21 September 2018 7205:from the original on 21 September 2016 6330:List of Australian Senate appointments 2688:Double dissolutions and joint sittings 2422:List of Australian Senate appointments 1653:. The original arrangement involved a 11658:1975 Australian constitutional crisis 10786: 10276: 9768: 8931: 8603: 8514: 8424: 8295:from the original on 20 December 2016 8123: 7957:Prime Minister of Australia News Room 7874: 7694: 7643: 7524:, Department of the Senate, Canberra. 7451: 7262:from the original on 19 February 2024 6993:from the original on 27 February 2020 6855:from the original on 24 February 2021 6723:from the original on 31 December 2016 6689:from the original on 18 December 2023 6654:from the original on 18 December 2023 6527: 4083: 4073: 4026: 2818: 2767:1975 Australian constitutional crisis 2760:1975 Australian constitutional crisis 2636:Political parties and voting outcomes 1859:to eliminate the nexus was rejected. 8274: 8190:"Federal election results 1901–2016" 8086: 7989:from the original on 3 December 2013 7926:'Crossing floor 'courageous, futile' 7726:from the original on 17 October 2016 7478: 7053:from the original on 16 October 2019 6508: 6506: 6504: 6382:Liberal National Party of Queensland 6365:Liberal National Party of Queensland 3642:Liberal National Party of Queensland 2345:Australian Motoring Enthusiast Party 2289:Liberal National Party of Queensland 1728:by sitting South Australian Senator 8739:(parties not represented federally) 8341:from the original on 3 October 2020 7899: 7709: 7585:"Senate weekly routine of business" 6892: 6798:from the original on 3 October 2020 6572:. University of Technology Sydney. 6563:Viglianti-Northway, Karena (2020). 6538:"Part V - Powers of the Parliament" 6494:and its successor, the present-day 2601:in the case of Senate business, or 2411: 2394:resigning from One Nation, Senator 1792: 1638: 1532: 1515:of the constitution provides for a 1411:Australian Indian Ocean Territories 1385:as well as federal legislation and 13: 11097:State and Territory Shadow Cabinet 8257:Odgers' Australian Senate Practice 8246: 7766:. 10 November 2005. Archived from 7682:from the original on 20 March 2017 6743:"Information on Senate Committees" 6713:"No. 14 - Ministers in the Senate" 6609:from the original on 12 March 2023 6492:Democratic Labor Party (1955−1978) 2753: 1869:In 1975, the two territories, the 453: 14: 11669: 8355: 8188:Barber, Stephen (31 March 2017). 8156: 7119:from the original on 15 June 2016 7023:from the original on 19 June 2020 6753:from the original on 2 March 2024 6579:from the original on 3 March 2021 6501: 2804: 2709:has only occurred once, in 1974. 2239:), which has historically been a 1842: 1812: 1665:. Block voting tended to produce 11633:1901 establishments in Australia 10742: 10700: 10649: 10598: 10547: 10496: 10443: 10392: 10341: 9835: 9172:Democratic Republic of the Congo 8631: 8092: 7820:from the original on 19 May 2024 7638:Brief Guides to Senate Procedure 7543:. Political Studies Association. 6305:2019 Australian federal election 3914: 3876: 2743:1987 double dissolution election 1612:, although there are occasional 1266: 1122:Australia and the United Nations 618: 613: 198: 9754:List of legislatures by country 8736:State and territory parliaments 8212: 8181: 8150: 8117: 8016: 8001: 7975: 7951:Howard, John (14 August 2006). 7944: 7931: 7918: 7893: 7868: 7844: 7832: 7802: 7778: 7756: 7738: 7619: 7595: 7577: 7562: 7547: 7527: 7503: 7472: 7445: 7410: 7384:Australian Bureau of Statistics 7376: 7350:Australian Bureau of Statistics 7342: 7316:Australian Bureau of Statistics 7308: 7282:Australian Bureau of Statistics 7274: 7244: 7217: 7187: 7161: 7146: 7131: 7105: 7091: 7065: 7047:Australian Electoral Commission 7035: 7017:Australian Electoral Commission 7005: 6987:Australian Electoral Commission 6975: 6945: 6922: 6910:from the original on 6 May 2016 6867: 6825:'Electing Australia's Senators' 6765: 6735: 6544:from the original on 5 May 2017 6484: 6467: 6438: 6429: 6325:Father of the Australian Senate 1942:last time this occurred was on 1799:Australian Electoral Commission 1739: 9939:Manager of Opposition Business 9886:Manager of Opposition Business 9876:Manager of Government Business 9749:List of abolished upper houses 8638:Political parties in Australia 8219:Muller, Damon (29 June 2020). 7748:. 30 June 2006. Archived from 7627:'Consideration of legislation' 6666: 6621: 6603:Parliamentary Education Office 6591: 6556: 6398: 6374: 6367:(LNP) senators who sit in the 6357: 6345:Women in the Australian Senate 6315:Clerk of the Australian Senate 2626:Section 23 of the Constitution 2559:Holding governments to account 1970:2016 double dissolution quota 1911:Section 13 of the Constitution 1849:Section 24 of the Constitution 1632:Old Parliament House, Canberra 165:Manager of Opposition Business 121:Manager of Government Business 1: 8760:Shooters, Fishers and Farmers 8124:Green, Antony (19 May 2014). 7791:. 4 July 2006. Archived from 6521: 2494: 1949: 1820: 1748:senate representation in the 1645:Electoral system of Australia 1541:The Australian Senate in 1923 11087:Premiers and Chief Ministers 11082:Governors and Administrators 10708:Australian Capital Territory 10084:47th Parliament of Australia 10079:46th Parliament of Australia 10074:45th Parliament of Australia 8584:Australian Capital Territory 8465:Australian Capital Territory 8381:Resources in other libraries 8324:. Department of the Senate. 8281:. Department of the Senate. 7841:, numbers 7, 10, 98–105, 163 7773:any bill through the Senate. 7603:'The Senate and Legislation' 6929:Stephen Morey (2 May 2019). 6781:. Department of the Senate. 6631:"The "Washminster" Mutation" 6155:Optional preferential voting 3854:Australian Capital Territory 2501:Australian Senate committees 2434: 2329:Derryn Hinch's Justice Party 2200:Australian Capital Territory 2088:State/Territory/Commonwealth 1875:Australian Capital Territory 1719:optional preferential voting 1714:optional preferential voting 1395:Australian Capital Territory 1310:Australian Capital Territory 972:Premiers and chief ministers 967:Governors and administrators 402:Australian Capital Territory 324:3 years (territory senators) 32:47th Parliament of Australia 7: 10231:Parliament House, Melbourne 10115:Matter of public importance 9974:Represented multiple states 8221:"The 2019 federal election" 8030:. p. 8. Archived from 7816:. Parliament of Australia. 6298: 4917:(Full preferential voting) 2308:Pauline Hanson's One Nation 2285:National Party of Australia 1686:proportional representation 1419:proportional representation 922:Referendums and plebiscites 10: 11674: 11092:Parliaments and Assemblies 10241:Parliament House, Canberra 10188:House of Representatives: 8451:Electoral results for the 7941:voted with the government. 7814:Guides to Senate Procedure 7720:"Infosheet 4 - Committees" 6819:Department of the Senate, 6454:Commonwealth Liberal Party 6153:Single transferable vote ( 5551:Single transferable vote ( 4869:Preferential block voting 4826:Preferential block voting 4783:Preferential block voting 4740:Preferential block voting 4697:Preferential block voting 4654:Preferential block voting 4611:Preferential block voting 4568:Preferential block voting 4525:Preferential block voting 4435:Plurality-at-large voting 4392:Plurality-at-large voting 4345:Plurality-at-large voting 4302:Plurality-at-large voting 4259:Plurality-at-large voting 4213:Plurality-at-large voting 3918: 3880: 3661: 2808: 2757: 2666:voluntary student unionism 2498: 2415: 2281:Liberal Party of Australia 2267: 2262:1975 constitutional crisis 1804: 1642: 1527:A constitutional amendment 1489:1975 constitutional crisis 1475:has typically rested with 977:Parliaments and assemblies 840:State and territory courts 787:Federal Court of Australia 11418: 11336: 11251: 11147: 11070: 10926: 10857:Federal Executive Council 10820: 10735: 10693: 10647: 10642: 10596: 10591: 10545: 10540: 10494: 10489: 10441: 10436: 10390: 10385: 10339: 10334: 10323: 10318: 10308: 10249: 10223: 10215:Court of Disputed Returns 10153: 10092: 10059: 10025: 9992: 9961: 9904: 9853: 9844: 9833: 9802: 9721: 9468: 9450: 9410: 9087: 8969: 8917:List of political parties 8892: 8807: 8734: 8644: 8549: 8460: 8376:Resources in your library 8051:Uma Patel (6 July 2016). 7632:26 September 2008 at the 7608:24 September 2008 at the 7388:"Cocos (Keeling) Islands" 7113:"Norfolk Island Electors" 6673:Thompson, Elaine (2001). 6648:10.1080/00323268008401755 6628:Thompson, Elaine (1980). 6444:Includes results for the 6240: 6173: 6087: 6011: 5989: 5964: 5916: 5868: 5820: 5772: 5720: 5671: 5623: 5575: 5517: 5502:Single transferable vote 5495: 5474: 5455:Single transferable vote 5448: 5427: 5412:Single transferable vote 5405: 5384: 5369:Single transferable vote 5336: 5317:Single transferable vote 5284: 5265:Single transferable vote 5258: 5237: 5222:Single transferable vote 5215: 5194: 5179:Single transferable vote 5172: 5151: 5136:Single transferable vote 5129: 5108: 5093:Single transferable vote 5086: 5065: 5050:Single transferable vote 5043: 5022: 5007:Single transferable vote 5000: 4979: 4964:Single transferable vote 4957: 4936: 4905: 4884: 4862: 4841: 4819: 4798: 4776: 4755: 4733: 4712: 4690: 4669: 4647: 4626: 4604: 4583: 4561: 4540: 4518: 4497: 4480:Preferential block voting 4471: 4450: 4428: 4407: 4385: 4364: 4338: 4317: 4295: 4274: 4252: 4160:Plurality-at-large voting 4151: 4078: 4068: 4036: 3638: 3559: 3533: 3507: 3476: 3353: 3142: 3058: 2866: 2856: 2769:. During the crisis, the 2683:Where the Houses disagree 2592: 2349:Nuclear Disarmament Party 1663:preferential block voting 1547:Constitution of Australia 1387:constitutional convention 566:Federal Executive Council 417: 412: 390: 381: 376: 364: 348: 334: 329: 315: 206: 197: 189: 184: 162: 140: 118: 96: 74: 69: 51: 46: 37: 30: 23: 10879:House of Representatives 10195:Two-party-preferred vote 10184:Single transferable vote 9934:Leader of the Opposition 9881:Leader of the Opposition 9871:Leader of the Government 9827:House of Representatives 9437:Northern Mariana Islands 8902:Local government parties 8884:Western Sydney Community 7170:The Senate count process 6834:. Retrieved August 2007. 6350: 4914:Single transferable vote 4119: 4112: 4090: 3870: 3868: 3859: 3857: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3128:Jacinta Nampijinpa Price 2460:Dealing with legislation 2357:Liberal Democratic Party 2325:Australian Conservatives 2237:House of Representatives 1696:saw the introduction of 1682:single transferable vote 1415:single transferable vote 1376:House of Representatives 907:Federal electoral system 661:House of Representatives 343:Single transferable vote 321:6 years (state senators) 143:Leader of the Opposition 99:Leader of the Government 11643:Parliament of Australia 11540:Parliamentary secretary 11510:Independent politicians 9861:President of the Senate 9796:Parliament of Australia 8225:Parliament of Australia 8194:Parliament of Australia 7900:Uhr, John (June 2005). 7810:"No. 19 - Disallowance" 7013:"Candidate information" 6747:Parliament of Australia 6496:Democratic Labour Party 6460:for 1917–1929, and the 6448:for 1901 and 1903, the 6391:senator who sit in the 2553:Parliamentary privilege 2447: 2361:Democratic Labour Party 2335:(2005-2011,2014-2016), 2186:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2094:Population per senator 1967:% of the NSW 2019 quota 1899: 1889:and since 1 July 2016, 1883:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1726:High Court of Australia 1368:Parliament of Australia 990:State electoral systems 735:High Court of Australia 63:Parliament of Australia 11604:35.30778°S 149.12389°E 11560:Responsible government 11460:Contempt of parliament 10913:Statute of Westminster 10100:Speech from the throne 8999:Bosnia and Herzegovina 8275:Bach, Stanley (2003). 7857:3 October 2008 at the 7839:Senate Standing Orders 7534:Renwick, Alan (2011). 7431:10.1080/10361149950254 7392:2021 Census QuickStats 7358:2021 Census QuickStats 7324:2021 Census QuickStats 7290:2021 Census QuickStats 6983:"Voting in the Senate" 6830:29 August 2007 at the 6479:National Country Party 6462:United Australia Party 6310:Canberra Press Gallery 2542:contempt of Parliament 2524: 2510: 2488: 2444: 2368:independent candidates 2313:United Australia Party 2298:Australian Labor Party 2091:2021 Census population 1760: 1675:Australian Labor Party 1635: 1630:The Senate chamber at 1621:a number of committees 1606:private member's bills 1542: 1456:likewise serve in the 1087:Diplomatic missions of 959:States and territories 458: 359:(Half Senate election) 11648:Politics of Australia 11638:National upper houses 10814:Politics of Australia 10190:Instant-runoff voting 9969:Served in both houses 9177:Republic of the Congo 8907:Politics of Australia 8874:Sustainable Australia 8859:Indigenous-Aboriginal 8455:by state or territory 7770:on 12 November 2009. 7752:on 27 September 2007. 6971:[2016] HCA 20 6847:(23 September 2015). 6389:Country Liberal Party 3983:Jacqui Lambie Network 3939:Jacqui Lambie Network 3909:Jacqui Lambie Network 3646:Country Liberal Party 2758:Further information: 2522: 2508: 2479: 2443:The Australian Senate 2442: 2318:Jacqui Lambie Network 2293:Country Liberal Party 1758: 1750:2016 federal election 1629: 1619:The Senate maintains 1591:bicameral parliaments 1540: 607:Australian Parliament 548:Deputy Prime Minister 457: 11609:-35.30778; 149.12389 11515:Kirribilli agreement 11500:Hardworking Families 11455:Chardonnay socialist 10325:Internal Territories 10236:Old Parliament House 10210:Caretaker government 9813:(represented by the 8879:Victorian Socialists 8099:WhitlamDismissal.com 7252:"Population: Census" 6450:Anti-Socialist Party 3895:coalition 19 seats, 3343:Malarndirri McCarthy 2612:Party discipline in 2586:Legislation Act 2003 2581:Legislation Act 2003 2574:Australian Democrats 2337:Australian Democrats 2204:Jervis Bay Territory 1887:Jervis Bay Territory 1677:held all but three. 1567:United States Senate 1434:executive government 1399:Jervis Bay Territory 1383:federal constitution 1273:Australia portal 11600: / 11495:Group voting ticket 9929:Leader of the House 9377:Trinidad and Tobago 9102:Antigua and Barbuda 8812:-registered parties 8105:on 23 February 2012 8037:on 17 January 2008. 7625:Australian Senate, 7601:Australian Senate, 7591:on 26 January 2012. 7516:14 May 2013 at the 7468:on 17 January 2011. 7019:. 17 October 2019. 6513:Protectionist Party 6490:Including both the 6456:for 1910–1914, the 6384:(LNP) senators and 6055:Motoring Enthusiast 5601:Nuclear Disarmament 5553:Group voting ticket 5543:Nuclear Disarmament 4019:double dissolutions 2675:In September 2008, 2630:Clerk of the Senate 2614:Australian politics 2341:Palmer United Party 1786:the above example. 1698:group ticket voting 1655:first-past-the-post 1595:appropriation bills 1551:federated Australia 912:Electoral divisions 91:since 26 July 2022 11653:Westminster system 11565:Stolen Generations 11480:Double dissolution 11273:Northern Territory 10750:Northern Territory 10178:Double dissolution 9598:Kingdom of Ireland 9543:Dominican Republic 9187:Dominican Republic 8869:Socialist Alliance 8589:Northern Territory 8475:Northern Territory 7320:"Christmas Island" 7043:"Election funding" 6989:. 4 January 2019. 6933:. The Conversation 6477:for 1919–1974 and 6320:Double dissolution 6139:Nick Xenophon Team 3865:Northern Territory 3466:Peter Whish-Wilson 3442:Sarah Hanson-Young 3428:Jordon Steele-John 3404:Penny Allman-Payne 2699:double dissolution 2525: 2511: 2445: 2333:Family First Party 2178:Northern Territory 2068:one vote one value 1928:double dissolution 1907:double dissolution 1871:Northern Territory 1857:referendum in 1967 1761: 1734:Family First Party 1636: 1571:Washminster system 1555:Westminster system 1543: 1517:double dissolution 1446:ministers of state 1407:Northern Territory 1315:Northern Territory 930:Voter registration 459: 179:since 5 June 2022 157:since 5 June 2022 135:since 1 June 2022 113:since 1 June 2022 11628:Australian Senate 11583: 11582: 11555:Quiet Australians 11323:Western Australia 10889:Opposition Leader 10867:Foreign relations 10853: 10780: 10779: 10775: 10774: 10771: 10770: 10766: 10765: 10729: 10728: 10724: 10723: 10687: 10686: 10682: 10681: 10657:Western Australia 10636: 10635: 10631: 10630: 10585: 10584: 10580: 10579: 10534: 10533: 10529: 10528: 10483: 10482: 10478: 10477: 10430: 10429: 10425: 10424: 10379: 10378: 10374: 10373: 10270: 10269: 10120:Readings of bills 10055: 10054: 10043: 10008: 9957: 9956: 9818: 9762: 9761: 9414:other territories 9252:Japan (post-1947) 9197:Equatorial Guinea 8925: 8924: 8746:Legalise Cannabis 8597: 8596: 8574:Western Australia 8542:Australian Senate 8508: 8507: 8500:Western Australia 8453:Australian Senate 8367:Australian Senate 8362:Library resources 8288:978-0-642-71291-2 8267:978-1-76010-503-7 8074:(25 April 2016). 7963:on 21 August 2006 7886:978-1-921401-09-1 7798:on 5 August 2006. 6906:. 26 April 2016. 6458:Nationalist Party 6296: 6295: 6134:Liberal Democrats 6050:Liberal Democrats 3949:1 seat (+1), and 3874: 3873: 3761:Western Australia 3653: 3652: 3390:Steph Hodgins-May 3138: 3137: 3054: 3053: 2850:Australian Senate 2646:crosses the floor 2584:lower house. The 2569:Howard government 2520: 2303:Australian Greens 2233: 2232: 2139:Western Australia 2058: 2057: 1671:Nationalist Party 1509:1972 respectively 1391:Australian states 1357:Australian Senate 1353: 1352: 1295:Western Australia 1109:Visa requirements 1061:Foreign relations 1047:Political parties 945:Political funding 940:Political parties 577:Albanese ministry 444: 426: 425: 11665: 11615: 11614: 11612: 11611: 11610: 11605: 11601: 11598: 11597: 11596: 11593: 11525:Leadership spill 11505:How-to-vote card 11490:Forgotten People 11360:Liberal National 11149:State/territory 11072:State/territory 10847: 10835:Governor-General 10807: 10800: 10793: 10784: 10783: 10747: 10746: 10745: 10738: 10737: 10733: 10732: 10705: 10704: 10703: 10696: 10695: 10691: 10690: 10654: 10653: 10652: 10645: 10644: 10640: 10639: 10603: 10602: 10601: 10594: 10593: 10589: 10588: 10552: 10551: 10550: 10543: 10542: 10538: 10537: 10501: 10500: 10499: 10492: 10491: 10487: 10486: 10448: 10447: 10446: 10439: 10438: 10434: 10433: 10397: 10396: 10395: 10388: 10387: 10383: 10382: 10346: 10345: 10344: 10337: 10336: 10332: 10331: 10311: 10310: 10297: 10290: 10283: 10274: 10273: 10037: 10002: 9990: 9989: 9851: 9850: 9839: 9815:Governor-General 9812: 9789: 9782: 9775: 9766: 9765: 9643:Northern Ireland 9608:Japan (pre-1947) 9603:Irish Free State 8952: 8945: 8938: 8929: 8928: 8849:Great Australian 8636: 8635: 8634: 8624: 8617: 8610: 8601: 8600: 8535: 8528: 8521: 8512: 8511: 8445: 8438: 8431: 8422: 8421: 8396: 8395: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8340: 8323: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8271: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8236: 8216: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8172: 8170: 8159:"Senate Results" 8154: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8143: 8121: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8101:. Archived from 8090: 8084: 8083: 8082:on 26 June 2016. 8068: 8057: 8056: 8048: 8039: 8038: 8036: 8029: 8020: 8014: 8005: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7979: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7948: 7942: 7935: 7929: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7906: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7872: 7866: 7848: 7842: 7836: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7806: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7790: 7782: 7776: 7775: 7760: 7754: 7753: 7742: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7716: 7707: 7698: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7672: 7659: 7650: 7641: 7623: 7617: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7581: 7575: 7566: 7560: 7551: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7531: 7525: 7507: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7485:The Conversation 7476: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7460: 7449: 7443: 7442: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7386:(28 June 2022). 7380: 7374: 7373: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7352:(28 June 2022). 7346: 7340: 7339: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7318:(28 June 2022). 7312: 7306: 7305: 7300: 7298: 7296: 7286:"Norfolk Island" 7284:(28 June 2022). 7278: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7258:. 28 June 2022. 7248: 7242: 7241: 7221: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7191: 7185: 7184: 7183:on 25 March 2020 7182: 7175: 7165: 7159: 7150: 7144: 7135: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7109: 7103: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7079:on 21 March 2011 7069: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7049:. 11 June 2019. 7039: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7009: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6979: 6973: 6965: 6959: 6949: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6926: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6871: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6841: 6835: 6817: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6797: 6780: 6769: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6709: 6703: 6702: 6696: 6694: 6670: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6633: 6625: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6595: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6578: 6571: 6560: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6534: 6515: 6510: 6499: 6488: 6482: 6471: 6465: 6446:Free Trade Party 6442: 6436: 6433: 6427: 6402: 6396: 6378: 6372: 6361: 6283:United Australia 5362:Liberal Movement 5310:Liberal Movement 4024: 3995:United Australia 3947:United Australia 3656: 3655: 3535:United Australia 3376:David Shoebridge 3218:Anthony Chisholm 3165:Jenny McAllister 3095:Bridget McKenzie 3056: 3055: 3010:Andrew McLachlan 2995:Simon Birmingham 2864: 2863: 2839: 2832: 2825: 2816: 2815: 2521: 2412:Casual vacancies 2359:(2014-2019) and 2353:Liberal Movement 2182:Christmas Island 2085: 2084: 1958: 1957: 1944:21 November 1970 1879:Christmas Island 1793:Order of parties 1639:Electoral system 1614:conscience votes 1563:Senate of Canada 1533:Origins and role 1523:Casual vacancies 1500:federal election 1493:committee system 1473:balance of power 1452:. Senators from 1345: 1338: 1331: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1235:Multiculturalism 1210:Environmentalism 1188: 1076:Foreign Minister 1062: 1005: 1004:Local government 960: 935:Leadership spill 867:Recent elections 860: 845:Law of Australia 727: 622: 617: 599: 539:Anthony Albanese 523: 500:Governor-General 476: 447: 442: 434: 428: 427: 422: 394:Parliament House 386: 360: 325: 307: 296:United Australia 294: 282: 274: 266: 250: 242: 222: 208:Political groups 202: 150:Simon Birmingham 42: 21: 20: 11673: 11672: 11668: 11667: 11666: 11664: 11663: 11662: 11618: 11617: 11608: 11606: 11602: 11599: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11579: 11440:Branch stacking 11421: 11414: 11370:Centre Alliance 11364:Country Liberal 11339: 11332: 11293:South Australia 11263:New South Wales 11254: 11247: 11150: 11143: 11073: 11066: 10929: 10922: 10816: 10811: 10781: 10776: 10767: 10762: 10748: 10743: 10741: 10725: 10720: 10706: 10701: 10699: 10683: 10678: 10669: 10655: 10650: 10648: 10632: 10627: 10618: 10604: 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7147: 7136: 7132: 7122: 7120: 7111: 7110: 7106: 7096: 7092: 7082: 7080: 7071: 7070: 7066: 7056: 7054: 7041: 7040: 7036: 7026: 7024: 7011: 7010: 7006: 6996: 6994: 6981: 6980: 6976: 6966: 6962: 6950: 6946: 6936: 6934: 6927: 6923: 6913: 6911: 6898: 6897: 6893: 6886: 6872: 6868: 6858: 6856: 6842: 6838: 6832:Wayback Machine 6818: 6811: 6801: 6799: 6795: 6789: 6778: 6770: 6766: 6756: 6754: 6741: 6740: 6736: 6726: 6724: 6711: 6710: 6706: 6692: 6690: 6671: 6667: 6657: 6655: 6626: 6622: 6612: 6610: 6597: 6596: 6592: 6582: 6580: 6576: 6569: 6561: 6557: 6547: 6545: 6536: 6535: 6528: 6524: 6519: 6518: 6511: 6502: 6489: 6485: 6472: 6468: 6443: 6439: 6434: 6430: 6403: 6399: 6379: 6375: 6362: 6358: 6353: 6301: 6214: 6206:Centre Alliance 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6058: 6053: 6048: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4049: 4028: 4011: 3933:15 seats (±0), 3929:15 seats (-4), 3923: 3917: 3885: 3879: 3792:South Australia 3668:New South Wales 3654: 3649: 3634: 3555: 3529: 3503: 3497:Malcolm Roberts 3472: 3349: 3170:Deborah O'Neill 3134: 3050: 3044:Jonathon Duniam 3039:Richard Colbeck 3034:Claire Chandler 3005:Kerrynne Liddle 2966:Matt O'Sullivan 2913:Sarah Henderson 2852: 2846:Current members 2843: 2813: 2807: 2762: 2756: 2754:Blocking supply 2726: 2690: 2685: 2642:conscience vote 2638: 2595: 2561: 2513: 2503: 2497: 2462: 2450: 2437: 2424: 2414: 2403:Canadian Senate 2372:Brian Harradine 2270: 2246:house of review 2152:South Australia 2100:New South Wales 2076:New South Wales 2063: 1952: 1902: 1845: 1823: 1815: 1807: 1795: 1742: 1647: 1641: 1535: 1458:shadow ministry 1448:and members of 1409:(including the 1397:(including the 1349: 1320: 1319: 1300:South Australia 1280:New South Wales 1267: 1265: 1260: 1259: 1190: 1186: 1178: 1177: 1139: 1126: 1118: 1099:Nationality law 1095: 1083: 1064: 1060: 1052: 1051: 1007: 1003: 995: 994: 981: 962: 958: 950: 949: 926: 903: 862: 858: 850: 849: 836: 825:Will Alstergren 809: 782: 746:Stephen Gageler 729: 725: 717: 716: 712:Shadow Ministry 688: 656: 624: 601: 597: 589: 588: 561: 525: 521: 513: 512: 478: 474: 445: 441: 432: 418: 405: 396: 392: 367: 358: 357: 351: 339: 323: 322: 318: 305: 303: 292: 291: 280: 279: 272: 271: 264: 263: 256: 255: 248: 247: 240: 239: 235: 228: 227: 220: 218: 209: 180: 178: 167: 158: 156: 145: 136: 134: 123: 114: 112: 101: 92: 90: 79: 65: 60: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11671: 11661: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11581: 11580: 11578: 11577: 11572: 11570:Working Family 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11445:Casual vacancy 11442: 11437: 11432: 11426: 11424: 11416: 11415: 11413: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11397: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11344: 11342: 11334: 11333: 11331: 11330: 11320: 11310: 11300: 11290: 11280: 11270: 11259: 11257: 11249: 11248: 11246: 11245: 11239: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11197: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11155: 11153: 11145: 11144: 11142: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11100: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11078: 11076: 11068: 11067: 11065: 11064: 11058: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10934: 10932: 10924: 10923: 10921: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10904: 10903: 10898: 10892: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10870: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10850:Shadow Cabinet 10842: 10840:Prime Minister 10837: 10832: 10826: 10824: 10818: 10817: 10810: 10809: 10802: 10795: 10787: 10778: 10777: 10773: 10772: 10769: 10768: 10764: 10763: 10756: 10753: 10752: 10736: 10730: 10727: 10726: 10722: 10721: 10714: 10711: 10710: 10694: 10688: 10685: 10684: 10680: 10679: 10672: 10670: 10663: 10660: 10659: 10643: 10637: 10634: 10633: 10629: 10628: 10621: 10619: 10612: 10609: 10608: 10592: 10586: 10583: 10582: 10578: 10577: 10570: 10568: 10561: 10558: 10557: 10541: 10535: 10532: 10531: 10527: 10526: 10519: 10517: 10510: 10507: 10506: 10490: 10484: 10481: 10480: 10476: 10475: 10468: 10466: 10457: 10454: 10453: 10437: 10431: 10428: 10427: 10423: 10422: 10415: 10413: 10406: 10403: 10402: 10386: 10380: 10377: 10376: 10372: 10371: 10364: 10362: 10355: 10352: 10351: 10335: 10328: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10309: 10306: 10305: 10300: 10299: 10292: 10285: 10277: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10253: 10251: 10247: 10246: 10244: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10227: 10225: 10221: 10220: 10218: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10186: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10159: 10157: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10147: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10125:King's Consent 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10105:Joint meetings 10102: 10096: 10094: 10090: 10089: 10087: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10065: 10063: 10057: 10056: 10053: 10052: 10050: 10049: 10044: 10031: 10029: 10023: 10022: 10020: 10019: 10014: 10009: 9996: 9994: 9987: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9965: 9963: 9959: 9958: 9955: 9954: 9952: 9951: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9924:Prime Minister 9921: 9916: 9910: 9908: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9898: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9857: 9855: 9848: 9842: 9841: 9834: 9832: 9830: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9806: 9804: 9800: 9799: 9792: 9791: 9784: 9777: 9769: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9725: 9723: 9719: 9718: 9716: 9715: 9713:Weimar Germany 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9668:Russian Empire 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9533:Czechoslovakia 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9488:British Guiana 9485: 9480: 9474: 9472: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9462: 9456: 9454: 9448: 9447: 9445: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9422:American Samoa 9418: 9416: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9382:United Kingdom 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9182:Czech Republic 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9093: 9091: 9085: 9084: 9082: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8975: 8973: 8967: 8966: 8955: 8954: 8947: 8940: 8932: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8893: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8815: 8813: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8801: 8795: 8781: 8770:Animal Justice 8767: 8762:(NSW: 2, Vic: 8757: 8752:, Vic: 2, WA: 8742: 8740: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8728: 8718: 8708: 8698: 8692: 8686: 8685: 8684: 8678: 8677:(H: 40, S: 25) 8666: 8651: 8649: 8642: 8641: 8627: 8626: 8619: 8612: 8604: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8550: 8547: 8546: 8538: 8537: 8530: 8523: 8515: 8506: 8505: 8503: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8448: 8447: 8440: 8433: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8384: 8383: 8378: 8372: 8371: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8356:External links 8354: 8352: 8351: 8330: 8312: 8305: 8287: 8272: 8266: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8242: 8211: 8180: 8149: 8116: 8085: 8058: 8040: 8015: 8000: 7974: 7943: 7939:Steve Fielding 7930: 7924:Peter Veness, 7917: 7892: 7885: 7867: 7843: 7831: 7801: 7777: 7755: 7737: 7722:. aph.gov.au. 7708: 7693: 7660: 7642: 7618: 7594: 7576: 7561: 7546: 7526: 7502: 7471: 7444: 7425:(3): 313–326. 7409: 7375: 7341: 7307: 7273: 7243: 7216: 7195:"Senate quota" 7186: 7160: 7145: 7130: 7104: 7090: 7064: 7034: 7004: 6974: 6960: 6944: 6921: 6891: 6884: 6866: 6836: 6809: 6787: 6764: 6734: 6704: 6665: 6620: 6590: 6555: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6500: 6483: 6481:for 1975–1980. 6473:Used the name 6466: 6464:for 1931–1943. 6452:for 1906, the 6437: 6428: 6409:Gerard Rennick 6397: 6380:Including two 6373: 6363:Including two 6355: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6300: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6272:Lambie Network 6269: 6266: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6246: 6239: 6236: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6223: 6220: 6203: 6200: 6197: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6179: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6150: 6147: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6083: 6078: 6070: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6024: 6017: 6010: 6007: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5891: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5800: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5771: 5768: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5703: 5700: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5631: 5628: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5598: 5595: 5592: 5589: 5586: 5583: 5580: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5566: 5558: 5557: 5548: 5545: 5540: 5537: 5534: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5497: 5494: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5465: 5457: 5456: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5371: 5370: 5367: 5364: 5359: 5356: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5327: 5319: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5280: 5275: 5267: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4956: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4944: 4941: 4938: 4935: 4932: 4927: 4919: 4918: 4910: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4536: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4355: 4347: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4206:Revenue Tariff 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4118: 4110: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4010: 4007: 4006: 4005: 3998: 3992: 3986: 3980: 3974: 3968: 3937:6 seats (+3), 3916: 3913: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3651: 3650: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3632: 3631: 3630: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3608: 3607: 3606: 3596: 3595: 3594: 3592:Gerard Rennick 3584: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3566: 3564: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3540: 3538: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3514: 3512: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3492:Pauline Hanson 3483: 3481: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3451: 3450: 3449: 3447:Barbara Pocock 3444: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3413: 3412: 3411: 3409:Larissa Waters 3406: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3380: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3371:Mehreen Faruqi 3360: 3358: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3345: 3333: 3332: 3331: 3329:Katy Gallagher 3319: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3281:Marielle Smith 3278: 3273: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3232: 3231: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3208: 3207: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3149: 3147: 3140: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3118: 3117: 3116: 3114:Susan McDonald 3111: 3099: 3098: 3097: 3085: 3084: 3083: 3078: 3065: 3063: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2980: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2971:Linda Reynolds 2968: 2963: 2961:Michaelia Cash 2958: 2956:Slade Brockman 2946: 2945: 2944: 2939: 2927: 2926: 2925: 2923:James Paterson 2920: 2915: 2903: 2902: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2873: 2871: 2861: 2854: 2853: 2842: 2841: 2834: 2827: 2819: 2806: 2805:Current Senate 2803: 2775:Prime Minister 2755: 2752: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2725: 2722: 2707:Such a sitting 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2658:Gary Humphries 2637: 2634: 2594: 2591: 2560: 2557: 2499:Main article: 2496: 2493: 2461: 2458: 2449: 2446: 2436: 2433: 2428:casual vacancy 2413: 2410: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2269: 2266: 2231: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208:Norfolk Island 2196: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1951: 1948: 1901: 1898: 1891:Norfolk Island 1844: 1843:Size and nexus 1841: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1822: 1819: 1814: 1813:Public subsidy 1811: 1806: 1803: 1794: 1791: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1741: 1738: 1702:the government 1640: 1637: 1578:prime minister 1559:House of Lords 1534: 1531: 1454:the opposition 1438:prime minister 1403:Norfolk Island 1351: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1340: 1333: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1276: 1275: 1262: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1191: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1163:European Union 1160: 1155: 1150: 1148:United Kingdom 1145: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1125: 1124: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1094: 1093: 1082: 1081: 1072: 1071: 1065: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1008: 1001: 1000: 997: 996: 993: 992: 987: 980: 979: 974: 969: 963: 956: 955: 952: 951: 948: 947: 942: 937: 932: 925: 924: 919: 914: 909: 902: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 870: 869: 863: 856: 855: 852: 851: 848: 847: 842: 835: 834: 832:List of Judges 828: 827: 818: 817: 808: 807: 805:List of Judges 801: 800: 798:Debra Mortimer 791: 790: 781: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 749: 748: 739: 738: 730: 723: 722: 719: 718: 715: 714: 708: 707: 697: 696: 687: 686: 676: 675: 665: 664: 655: 654: 644: 643: 633: 632: 611: 610: 602: 595: 594: 591: 590: 587: 586: 580: 579: 570: 569: 560: 559: 556:Richard Marles 552: 551: 543: 542: 535: 534: 531:Prime Minister 526: 519: 518: 515: 514: 511: 510: 504: 503: 495: 494: 488: 487: 479: 472: 471: 468: 467: 461: 460: 450: 449: 437: 436: 424: 423: 415: 414: 410: 409: 391:Senate Chamber 388: 387: 379: 378: 374: 373: 368: 365: 362: 361: 352: 349: 346: 345: 340: 335: 332: 331: 327: 326: 319: 317:Length of term 316: 313: 312: 284:Lambie Network 210: 207: 204: 203: 195: 194: 191: 187: 186: 182: 181: 170: 168: 163: 160: 159: 148: 146: 141: 138: 137: 128:Katy Gallagher 126: 124: 119: 116: 115: 104: 102: 97: 94: 93: 82: 80: 75: 72: 71: 67: 66: 56: 55: 53: 49: 48: 44: 43: 35: 34: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11670: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11625: 11623: 11616: 11613: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11530:Mortgage belt 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11475:Dorothy Dixer 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11450:Caucus revolt 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11423: 11417: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11405:Other parties 11403: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11365: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11349: 11346: 11345: 11343: 11341: 11335: 11328: 11324: 11321: 11318: 11314: 11311: 11308: 11304: 11301: 11298: 11294: 11291: 11288: 11284: 11281: 11278: 11274: 11271: 11268: 11264: 11261: 11260: 11258: 11256: 11250: 11244: 11241: 11240: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11198: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11156: 11154: 11152: 11146: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11101: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11079: 11077: 11075: 11069: 11063: 11060: 11059: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11045: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10925: 10919: 10918:Australia Act 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10905: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10893: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10871: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10851: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10823: 10819: 10815: 10808: 10803: 10801: 10796: 10794: 10789: 10788: 10785: 10761: 10760: 10755: 10754: 10751: 10740: 10739: 10734: 10731: 10719: 10718: 10713: 10712: 10709: 10698: 10697: 10692: 10689: 10677: 10676: 10671: 10668: 10667: 10662: 10661: 10658: 10646: 10641: 10638: 10626: 10625: 10620: 10617: 10616: 10611: 10610: 10607: 10595: 10590: 10587: 10575: 10574: 10569: 10566: 10565: 10560: 10559: 10556: 10544: 10539: 10536: 10524: 10523: 10518: 10515: 10514: 10509: 10508: 10505: 10493: 10488: 10485: 10473: 10472: 10467: 10464: 10463: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10452: 10440: 10435: 10432: 10420: 10419: 10414: 10411: 10410: 10405: 10404: 10401: 10389: 10384: 10381: 10369: 10368: 10367:House of Rep. 10363: 10360: 10359: 10354: 10353: 10350: 10338: 10333: 10330: 10329: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10313: 10312: 10307: 10298: 10293: 10291: 10286: 10284: 10279: 10278: 10275: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10248: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10228: 10226: 10222: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10187: 10185: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10152: 10146: 10145:House of Reps 10143: | 10142: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10110:Question time 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10091: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10058: 10048: 10045: 10041: 10036: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10024: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10006: 10001: 9998: 9997: 9995: 9991: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9960: 9949: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9911: 9909: 9903: 9896: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9858: 9856: 9852: 9849: 9845:Parliamentary 9843: 9838: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9816: 9811: 9808: 9807: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9790: 9785: 9783: 9778: 9776: 9771: 9770: 9767: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9739:Tricameralism 9737: 9735: 9734:Unicameralism 9732: 9730: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9720: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9475: 9473: 9471: 9467: 9461: 9458: 9457: 9455: 9453: 9452:Non-UN states 9449: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9412:Dependent and 9409: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9086: 9080: 9079:United States 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8953: 8948: 8946: 8941: 8939: 8934: 8933: 8930: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8894: 8891: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8806: 8799: 8796: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8782: 8779: 8775: 8771: 8768: 8765: 8761: 8758: 8755: 8751: 8747: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8737: 8733: 8726: 8722: 8719: 8716: 8712: 8709: 8706: 8702: 8699: 8696: 8693: 8691:(H: 4, S: 11) 8690: 8687: 8683:(H: 15, S: 6) 8682: 8679: 8676: 8673: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8653: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8646:Parliamentary 8643: 8639: 8625: 8620: 8618: 8613: 8611: 8606: 8605: 8602: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8551: 8548: 8543: 8536: 8531: 8529: 8524: 8522: 8517: 8516: 8513: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8462: 8459: 8454: 8446: 8441: 8439: 8434: 8432: 8427: 8426: 8423: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8394: 8389: 8388: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8337: 8333: 8331:0-642-71061-9 8327: 8320: 8319: 8313: 8310: 8306: 8294: 8290: 8284: 8280: 8279: 8273: 8269: 8263: 8259: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8230: 8226: 8222: 8215: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8184: 8176: 8164: 8160: 8153: 8137: 8133: 8132: 8127: 8120: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8089: 8081: 8077: 8073: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8054: 8047: 8045: 8033: 8026: 8019: 8013: 8009: 8004: 7988: 7984: 7978: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7947: 7940: 7934: 7927: 7921: 7910: 7903: 7896: 7888: 7882: 7878: 7871: 7864: 7863:Research Note 7860: 7856: 7853: 7847: 7840: 7835: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7805: 7794: 7787: 7781: 7774: 7769: 7765: 7759: 7751: 7747: 7741: 7725: 7721: 7715: 7713: 7706: 7702: 7697: 7681: 7677: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7665: 7658: 7654: 7649: 7647: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7628: 7622: 7615: 7611: 7607: 7604: 7598: 7590: 7586: 7580: 7574: 7570: 7565: 7559: 7555: 7550: 7539: 7538: 7530: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7512: 7506: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7475: 7464: 7457: 7456: 7448: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7413: 7406: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7379: 7372: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7345: 7338: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7304: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7277: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7247: 7240: 7235: 7231: 7230:House Hansard 7227: 7220: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7190: 7179: 7172: 7171: 7164: 7158: 7154: 7149: 7143: 7139: 7134: 7118: 7114: 7108: 7101: 7100: 7094: 7078: 7074: 7068: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7008: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6978: 6972: 6969: 6964: 6958:, 13 May 2016 6957: 6953: 6948: 6932: 6925: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6895: 6887: 6885:9781862879188 6881: 6877: 6870: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6840: 6833: 6829: 6826: 6822: 6816: 6814: 6794: 6790: 6788:0-642-71061-9 6784: 6777: 6776: 6768: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6722: 6718: 6717:Senate Briefs 6714: 6708: 6700: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6669: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6632: 6624: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6575: 6568: 6567: 6559: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6531: 6526: 6514: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6497: 6493: 6487: 6480: 6476: 6475:Country Party 6470: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6432: 6426: 6422: 6421:Fatima Payman 6418: 6414: 6413:Tammy Tyrrell 6410: 6406: 6401: 6394: 6390: 6387: 6383: 6377: 6370: 6366: 6360: 6356: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6278: 6273: 6270: 6267: 6264: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6247: 6244: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6212: 6211:Jacqui Lambie 6207: 6204: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6129:Justice Party 6125: 6124:Jacqui Lambie 6120: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6091: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6064: 6061: 6060:Palmer United 6056: 6051: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6037: 6034: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5974: 5971: 5968: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5856: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5723: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5632: 5629: 5626: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5590: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5526: 5523: 5520: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5505: 5501: 5498: 5492: 5489: 5486: 5483: 5480: 5477: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5411: 5408: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5390: 5387: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5175: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5132: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5092: 5089: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5046: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5010: 5006: 5003: 4997: 4994: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4982: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4963: 4960: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4942: 4939: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4911: 4908: 4902: 4899: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4859: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4779: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4693: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4601: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4586: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4543: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4521: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4474: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4434: 4431: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4395: 4391: 4388: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4071: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4034: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4015: 4003: 4000:Independent ( 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3945:1 seat (±0), 3944: 3941:1 seat (+1), 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3922: 3915:2022 election 3912: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3884: 3877:2019 election 3866: 3863: 3862: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3658: 3657: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3616:Tammy Tyrrell 3614: 3613: 3612: 3609: 3605: 3604:Fatima Payman 3602: 3601: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3523:Jacqui Lambie 3521: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3315:Anne Urquhart 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3300:Catryna Bilyk 3298: 3297: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3194:Lisa Darmanin 3192: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3129: 3126: 3125: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 3000:David Fawcett 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2937:James McGrath 2935: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2894:Maria Kovacic 2892: 2890: 2889:Hollie Hughes 2887: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2812: 2802: 2799: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2787:Sir John Kerr 2784: 2780: 2779:Gough Whitlam 2776: 2772: 2768: 2761: 2751: 2748: 2744: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2730: 2721: 2718: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2703:joint sitting 2700: 2696: 2680: 2678: 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10139:Committees: 10130:Royal assent 9984:Independents 9821: 9729:Bicameralism 9693:Soviet Union 9683:South Africa 9548:East Germany 9498:Burkina Faso 9357:South Africa 8983: 8963:legislatures 8961:of national 8959:Upper houses 8844:Family First 8662: 8541: 8452: 8366: 8345:21 September 8343:. Retrieved 8317: 8308: 8297:. Retrieved 8277: 8256: 8235:13 September 8233:. Retrieved 8224: 8214: 8204:13 September 8202:. Retrieved 8193: 8183: 8173:– via 8169:13 September 8167:. Retrieved 8152: 8140:. Retrieved 8129: 8119: 8107:. Retrieved 8103:the original 8098: 8093:Kerr, John. 8088: 8080:the original 8072:Antony Green 8032:the original 8018: 8007: 8003: 7991:. Retrieved 7977: 7965:. Retrieved 7961:the original 7956: 7946: 7933: 7920: 7909:the original 7895: 7876: 7870: 7862: 7846: 7838: 7834: 7822:. Retrieved 7813: 7804: 7793:the original 7780: 7771: 7768:the original 7758: 7750:the original 7740: 7728:. Retrieved 7700: 7696: 7684:. Retrieved 7652: 7637: 7621: 7614:Senate Brief 7613: 7597: 7589:the original 7579: 7568: 7564: 7553: 7549: 7536: 7529: 7521: 7509:Ted Morton, 7505: 7493:. Retrieved 7484: 7474: 7463:the original 7454: 7447: 7422: 7418: 7412: 7395:. Retrieved 7391: 7378: 7361:. Retrieved 7357: 7354:"Jervis Bay" 7344: 7327:. Retrieved 7323: 7310: 7293:. 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Retrieved 6486: 6469: 6440: 6431: 6417:Lidia Thorpe 6405:David Pocock 6400: 6376: 6359: 6281: 6275: 6209: 6152: 6119:Family First 6080: 6073: 6045:Family First 5942:Family First 5894:Family First 5750:Greens (Tas) 5568: 5561: 5550: 5467: 5460: 5329: 5322: 5277: 5270: 4929: 4922: 4912: 4478: 4357: 4350: 4158: 4120: 4113: 4016: 4012: 4002:David Pocock 3924: 3907:1 seat, and 3886: 3628:David Pocock 3622: 3610: 3598: 3586: 3575:Lidia Thorpe 3569: 3543: 3517: 3486: 3453: 3434: 3415: 3396: 3382: 3363: 3335: 3321: 3310:Helen Polley 3292: 3276:Karen Grogan 3263: 3257:Glenn Sterle 3252:Louise Pratt 3234: 3210: 3199:Jana Stewart 3189:Raff Ciccone 3181: 3175:Tony Sheldon 3152: 3120: 3109:Matt Canavan 3101: 3087: 3068: 3021: 2982: 2948: 2929: 2905: 2884:Andrew Bragg 2876: 2849: 2795: 2777:of the day, 2763: 2740: 2727: 2714: 2711: 2702: 2695:Constitution 2691: 2674: 2670:backbenchers 2654: 2639: 2623: 2619: 2611: 2602: 2598: 2596: 2585: 2580: 2578: 2562: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2526: 2489: 2480: 2471: 2463: 2455: 2451: 2425: 2407: 2400: 2396:Steve Martin 2388:Rod Culleton 2384:Lucy Gichuhi 2380:David Pocock 2365: 2322: 2271: 2254: 2250: 2234: 2080:Paul Keating 2064: 1953: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1924: 1916: 1903: 1895: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1853: 1846: 1838: 1824: 1816: 1808: 1796: 1788: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1762: 1743: 1740:Ballot paper 1723: 1706: 1691: 1679: 1659:block voting 1648: 1618: 1603: 1575: 1544: 1521: 1497: 1481:independents 1469:casting vote 1462: 1427: 1380: 1356: 1354: 1205:Conservatism 1091:in Australia 985:State courts 917:By-elections 866: 812: 785: 733: 704:Peter Dutton 691: 659: 628: 627: 612: 605: 564: 546: 529: 498: 482: 465:Constitution 431: 371:2024 or 2025 257: 229: 219: 212: 18: 11607: / 11595:149°07′26″E 11535:Nationalism 11520:Langer vote 11470:Donkey vote 11422:terminology 11074:governments 11055:Referendums 10200:Electorates 10061:Parliaments 9688:South Korea 9633:New Zealand 9563:El Salvador 9493:British Raj 9478:Afghanistan 9442:Puerto Rico 9432:Isle of Man 9347:Saint Lucia 9327:Philippines 9307:Netherlands 9242:Ivory Coast 9074:Switzerland 9064:South Sudan 8784:Libertarian 8544:delegations 8299:13 December 7730:22 February 7057:27 November 7027:27 November 6997:27 November 6937:27 November 6727:31 December 6693:17 December 6658:17 December 6583:5 September 6395:party room. 6371:party room. 5746:Greens (WA) 5697:Greens (WA) 5649:Greens (WA) 4070:Independent 3951:independent 3662:Seats held 3561:Independent 3549:Ralph Babet 3423:Dorinda Cox 3305:Carol Brown 3271:Don Farrell 3242:Varun Ghosh 3228:Murray Watt 3081:Perin Davey 3076:Ross Cadell 3029:Wendy Askew 3015:Anne Ruston 2899:Dave Sharma 2783:lower house 2717:John Howard 2202:(including 2180:(including 1920:Gair Affair 1771:provisions. 1610:party lines 1586:John Gorton 1430:money bills 1372:lower house 1361:upper house 1240:Nationalism 1143:New Zealand 1114:Visa policy 778:Beech-Jones 672:Milton Dick 598:Legislature 492:Charles III 443:Politics of 355:21 May 2022 309:Independent 172:Anne Ruston 58:Upper house 11622:Categories 11592:35°18′28″S 11545:Playmander 11420:Political 11410:Historical 11395:One Nation 11338:Political 11283:Queensland 11255:government 10896:High Court 10874:Parliament 10451:Queensland 10012:Appointees 9803:Components 9628:Mauritania 9518:Costa Rica 9460:Somaliland 9392:Uzbekistan 9367:Tajikistan 9282:Madagascar 9262:Kazakhstan 8834:Federation 8819:Christians 8695:One Nation 8559:Queensland 8480:Queensland 8109:11 January 6904:abc.net.au 6613:5 December 6522:References 6277:One Nation 6216:One Nation 6144:One Nation 5846:One Nation 5798:One Nation 4048:Democratic 3989:One Nation 3943:One Nation 3919:See also: 3905:One Nation 3899:13 seats, 3881:See also: 3730:Queensland 3478:One Nation 3461:Nick McKim 3286:Penny Wong 3223:Nita Green 3204:Jess Walsh 2990:Alex Antic 2976:Dean Smith 2942:Paul Scarr 2809:See also: 2771:Opposition 2650:party whip 2565:committees 2529:committees 2495:Committees 2416:See also: 2226:25,422,788 2126:Queensland 1964:2019 quota 1950:Quota size 1821:Membership 1651:Federation 1643:See also: 1513:Section 57 1423:Section 24 1417:system of 1405:) and the 1374:being the 1290:Queensland 1250:Secularism 1230:Monarchism 1225:Liberalism 1187:Ideologies 1079:Penny Wong 693:Opposition 683:Tony Burke 651:Penny Wong 508:Sam Mostyn 276:One Nation 259:Crossbench 231:Opposition 214:Government 106:Penny Wong 70:Leadership 11348:Coalition 11151:elections 10930:elections 10349:Australia 10224:Locations 10155:Elections 10093:Procedure 9708:Venezuela 9638:Nicaragua 9227:Indonesia 8984:Australia 8979:Argentina 8829:Democrats 8669:Coalition 8012:s 57 7967:21 August 7705:s 49 7657:s 23 7573:s 11 7558:s 15 7439:1036-1146 7142:s 13 6425:David Van 6393:Nationals 4084:Electoral 4055:Democrats 3965:Coalition 3927:coalition 3903:6 seats, 3580:David Van 3247:Sue Lines 3160:Tim Ayres 2918:Jane Hume 2858:Coalition 2796:In 2014, 2607:President 2599:divisions 2435:Procedure 2241:two party 2222:Australia 2156:1,781,516 2143:2,660,026 2130:5,156,138 2117:6,503,491 2104:8,339,347 1922:in 1974. 1746:Victorian 1680:In 1948, 1667:landslide 1582:treasurer 1561:, as the 1465:president 1365:bicameral 1255:Socialism 1220:Hansonism 1215:Far-right 1200:Christian 1195:Anarchism 1104:Passports 859:Elections 726:Judiciary 640:Sue Lines 637:President 522:Executive 446:Australia 407:Australia 330:Elections 237:Coalition 185:Structure 84:Sue Lines 77:President 11550:Pub test 11430:Battlers 11356:National 11313:Victoria 11303:Tasmania 11243:Timeline 11231:Tas 2028 11226:NSW 2027 11221:Vic 2026 11206:Qld 2024 11201:ACT 2024 11189:Tas 2024 11184:NSW 2023 11179:Vic 2022 11164:Qld 2020 11159:ACT 2020 11062:Timeline 10938:Pre-1972 10928:Federal 10862:Ministry 10759:Assembly 10717:Assembly 10675:Assembly 10624:Assembly 10606:Victoria 10573:Assembly 10555:Tasmania 10522:Assembly 10471:Assembly 10418:Assembly 10250:See also 10182:Senate: 10040:previous 10026:House of 10005:previous 9905:House of 9847:officers 9663:Rhodesia 9653:Portugal 9618:Maldives 9568:Ethiopia 9402:Zimbabwe 9372:Thailand 9352:Slovenia 9322:Paraguay 9202:Eswatini 9167:Colombia 9152:Cameroon 9147:Cambodia 9117:Barbados 9049:Pakistan 9029:Malaysia 9014:Ethiopia 8824:Citizens 8681:National 8579:Tasmania 8564:Victoria 8495:Victoria 8490:Tasmania 8336:Archived 8293:Archived 8229:Archived 8198:Archived 8175:ABC News 8163:Archived 8142:1 August 8136:Archived 8131:ABC News 7987:Archived 7855:Archived 7818:Archived 7724:Archived 7686:19 March 7680:Archived 7678:. 2017. 7630:Archived 7606:Archived 7514:Archived 7489:Archived 7260:Archived 7234:Archived 7209:21 March 7203:Archived 7157:s 6 7123:6 August 7117:Archived 7051:Archived 7021:Archived 6991:Archived 6914:9 August 6908:Archived 6859:20 March 6853:Archived 6828:Archived 6793:Archived 6751:Archived 6721:Archived 6687:Archived 6652:Archived 6607:Archived 6574:Archived 6542:Archived 6369:Liberals 6299:See also 6241:23 + (3 6174:26 + (4 6088:21 + (3 6012:23 + (5 5965:28 + (3 4076:parties 4043:National 4027:Election 4004:) 1 seat 3979:12 seats 3973:26 seats 3967:32 seats 3962:National 3911:1 seat. 3893:National 3823:Tasmania 3699:Victoria 3644:and the 3060:National 2737:members. 2229:334,510 2216:228,343 2194:117,445 2165:Tasmania 2159:148,459 2146:221,668 2133:429,678 2120:541,957 2113:Victoria 2107:694,945 2072:Tasmania 2026:105,091 2012:209,475 1998:269,250 1984:345,554 1881:and the 1873:and the 1436:and the 1305:Tasmania 1285:Victoria 574:Ministry 475:Monarchy 398:Canberra 252:National 11352:Liberal 11340:parties 11236:NT 2028 11216:SA 2026 11211:WA 2025 11194:NT 2024 11174:SA 2022 11169:WA 2021 10845:Cabinet 10830:Monarch 10666:Council 10615:Council 10564:Council 10513:Council 10461:Council 10409:Council 10315:Federal 10035:Current 10000:Current 9962:Members 9722:Related 9673:Senegal 9658:Prussia 9583:Hungary 9553:Ecuador 9538:Denmark 9523:Croatia 9483:Austria 9470:Defunct 9427:Bermuda 9387:Uruguay 9337:Romania 9297:Namibia 9292:Myanmar 9287:Morocco 9277:Liberia 9272:Lesotho 9247:Jamaica 9232:Ireland 9217:Grenada 9142:Burundi 9137:Bolivia 9122:Belarus 9112:Bahrain 9107:Bahamas 9097:Algeria 9089:Unitary 9059:Somalia 9044:Nigeria 9019:Germany 8994:Belgium 8989:Austria 8971:Federal 8800:(SA: 1) 8798:SA-Best 8790:, Vic: 8776:, Vic: 8675:Liberal 8648:parties 7993:17 July 7397:7 March 7363:7 March 7329:7 March 7295:7 March 7266:7 March 7083:17 July 6851:. ABC. 6823:No. 1, 6757:2 March 6699:Austlii 6248:3 + (2 6190: 6181:2 + (2 6104: 6095:3 + (2 6029: 6019:3 + (1 5990: 5978: 5926: 5923: 5887: 5875: 5827: 5779: 5733: 5727: 5684: 5678: 5636: 5630: 5588: 5582: 5530: 5524: 5496: 5487: 5481: 5449: 5440: 5434: 5406: 5397: 5391: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5259: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5216: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5173: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5075: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4906: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4820: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4633: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4386: 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9054:Russia 9034:Mexico 9009:Canada 9004:Brazil 8839:Fusion 8808:Other 8786:(NSW: 8772:(NSW: 8748:(NSW: 8721:Katter 8701:Lambie 8697:(S: 2) 8689:Greens 8661:: 78, 8364:about 8328: 8285: 8264: 8010:(Cth) 7883: 7824:19 May 7703:(Cth) 7655:(Cth) 7571:(Cth) 7556:(Cth) 7495:30 May 7437: 7155:(Cth) 7140:(Cth) 6882: 6785: 6548:13 May 4081:seats 4060:Greens 3997:1 seat 3977:Greens 3935:Greens 3901:Greens 3659:State 3509:Lambie 3355:Greens 2870:* (24) 2791:Fraser 2593:Voting 2258:supply 2048:50,285 1847:Under 1485:supply 1370:, the 1158:Canada 758:Gordon 701:Leader 680:Leader 648:Leader 629:Senate 420:Senate 306: 293: 281: 273: 268:Greens 265: 249: 241: 221: 174:, 152:, 130:, 108:, 86:, 25:Senate 11385:Labor 10047:Women 10017:Women 9944:Whips 9919:Clerk 9891:Whips 9866:Clerk 9623:Malta 9613:Libya 9558:Egypt 9513:China 9503:Burma 9397:Yemen 9362:Spain 9317:Palau 9302:Nepal 9267:Kenya 9237:Italy 9222:Haiti 9212:Gabon 9192:Egypt 9162:Chile 9069:Sudan 9039:Nepal 9024:India 8854:HEART 8665:: 25) 8655:Labor 8339:(PDF) 8322:(PDF) 8035:(PDF) 8028:(PDF) 7912:(PDF) 7905:(PDF) 7796:(PDF) 7789:(PDF) 7541:(PDF) 7466:(PDF) 7459:(PDF) 7181:(PDF) 7174:(PDF) 7102:(Cth) 6796:(PDF) 6779:(PDF) 6685:(3). 6577:(PDF) 6570:(PDF) 6351:Notes 6279:(2), 6274:(2), 6235:2022 6208:(2), 6168:2019 6141:(3), 6006:2013 5959:2010 5911:2007 5863:2004 5815:2001 5767:1998 5715:1996 5666:1993 5618:1990 5512:1984 5422:1980 5379:1977 5232:1970 5189:1967 5146:1964 5103:1961 5060:1958 5017:1955 4974:1953 4879:1949 4836:1946 4793:1943 4750:1940 4707:1937 4664:1934 4621:1931 4578:1928 4535:1925 4492:1922 4445:1919 4402:1917 4312:1913 4269:1910 4223:1906 4172:1903 4079:Total 4074:Other 4050:Labor 4033:Labor 4029:Year 3971:Labor 3931:Labor 3897:Labor 3144:Labor 3062:* (6) 2747:Green 2466:bills 1961:State 1684:with 1173:India 1168:China 753:Keane 685:(ALP) 674:(ALP) 653:(ALP) 642:(ALP) 558:(ALP) 541:(ALP) 224:Labor 190:Seats 132:Labor 110:Labor 88:Labor 11575:Worm 11327:list 11317:list 11307:list 11297:list 11287:list 11277:list 11267:list 11044:Next 11038:2022 11033:2019 11028:2016 11023:2013 11018:2010 11013:2007 11008:2004 11003:2001 10998:1998 10993:1996 10988:1993 10983:1990 10978:1987 10973:1984 10968:1983 10963:1980 10958:1977 10953:1975 10948:1974 10943:1972 10173:List 10168:Next 10163:Last 9948:list 9895:list 9810:King 9648:Peru 9593:Iraq 9588:Iran 9573:Fiji 9528:Cuba 9312:Oman 9157:Chad 8723:(H: 8713:(H: 8703:(S: 8347:2020 8326:ISBN 8301:2016 8283:ISBN 8262:ISBN 8237:2024 8206:2024 8171:2024 8144:2016 8111:2017 7995:2010 7969:2006 7881:ISBN 7826:2024 7732:2017 7688:2017 7497:2018 7435:ISSN 7399:2024 7365:2024 7331:2024 7297:2024 7268:2024 7211:2022 7125:2016 7085:2010 7059:2019 7029:2019 6999:2019 6939:2019 6916:2018 6880:ISBN 6861:2016 6804:2020 6783:ISBN 6759:2024 6729:2016 6695:2023 6660:2023 6615:2023 6585:2020 6550:2017 6423:and 6285:(1) 6231:45th 6218:(2) 6164:44th 6146:(4) 6081:2016 6075:43rd 6062:(3) 6002:42nd 5955:41st 5907:40th 5859:39th 5811:38th 5763:37th 5711:36th 5699:(2) 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