152:
48:
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saw the unsuccessful attempts at special peace with Serbia and
Montenegro as a "planned peace by force", which shows that "even more so in Austria" there was a willingness to "ruthlessly exploit military victories to expand power, without asking much about the 'opinion of the world' and the extension
159:
To control the mountainous, impassable country, the Austro-Hungarian military administration needed over 40,000 troops. With over 40,000 men, the military administration needed more than twice as many occupation troops as for Serbia. There was also a guerrilla movement from the beginning of 1918.
98:
The Austro-Hungarian occupying power set up a
General Government, based on the model in Serbia, which was also occupied. The occupation lasted until the end of the First World War in November 1918, after which the country became part of what would later become the
163:
Montenegro lost 20,000 soldiers in the war, which was 40% of all mobilized soldiers and 10% of the total population. Other figures even speak of 39,000 dead and a 16% total losses, making
Montenegro the most severely affected participant in the war.
192:
Heiko
Brendel: „Lieber als Kacake als an Hunger sterben“: Besatzung und Widerstand im k.u.k. Militärgeneralgouvernement in Montenegro (1916-1918) (= Krieg und Konflikt. Band 5). Campus, Frankfurt 2019,
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demanded complete annexation, or
Montenegro should "lose its effective independence" and retain "only a fictitious sovereignty". The Montenegrin western border was to be shifted so far (line north-western tip of
383:
135:
would no longer be located on the territory of the shrunken rest of
Montenegro. However, this demand, which was tantamount to annexation, was rejected by Foreign Minister
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said that they wanted to mutilate
Montenegro in such a way that "only a barren heap of stones, not viable", would remain. Austrian Chief of General Staff
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Serbien und
Montenegro: Raum und Bevölkerung, Geschichte, Sprache und Literatur, Kultur, Politik, Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Recht.
316:
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that had retreated into the country. On
January 16, the whole of Montenegro was occupied and capitulated on January 23. King
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250:
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Economically, the
General-Gouvernement was no gain for the occupying power; the country could barely feed itself.
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in December 1915, Austria-Hungary began its campaign in Montenegro on January 6, 1916 against the parts of the
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8:
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110:, roughly within the borders of 1878, the German Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
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Jugoslawien und Österreich 1918–1938. Bilaterale Außenpolitik im europäischen Umfeld.
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entry into the war on October 15, 1915 and the complete occupation of Serbia by the
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so as not to make possible peace with other states more difficult. The historian
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68:
234:
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60:
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Staatskunst und Kriegshandwerk. Das Problem des „Militarismus“ in Deutschland.
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Staatskunst und Kriegshandwerk. Das Problem des „Militarismus“ in Deutschland.
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353:
288:
Die Tragödie der Staatskunst. Bethmann Hollweg als Kriegskanzler (1914–1917).
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Die Tragödie der Staatskunst. Bethmann Hollweg als Kriegskanzler (1914–1917).
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Theodor Ritter von Zeynek. Ein Offizier im Generalstabskorps erinnert sich.
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51:
Signing of the capitulation of Montenegro on January 23, January 25, 1916
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In response to Austrian plans to leave Montenegro as a reduced
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19:
88:
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Military operations of World War I involving Austria-Hungary
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Die Kriegsziele Ă–sterreich-Ungarns auf dem Balkan 1915/16.
332:. In: Ă–sterreichisches Ost- und SĂĽdosteuropa-Institut:
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Böhlau, Wien/Graz/Köln 1965, S. 465–482, hier: S. 472.
268:Ă–sterreich und Europa. Festgabe fĂĽr Hugo Hantsch.
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59:entered the First World War on the side of the
360:Verlag fĂĽr Geschichte und Politik, Wien 1996,
37:Military General Government of Montenegro
29:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Montenegro
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46:
18:
87:and his government fled into exile via
63:. The country fought together with the
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278:
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307:Theodor von Zeynek, Peter Broucek:
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14:
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182:(10 July 1917-November 3, 1918)
176:(26 February 1916-10 July 1917)
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322:
301:
256:
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174:Viktor Weber Edler von Webenau
1:
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16:1916–1918 military occupation
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39:) lasted from 1916 to 1918.
7:
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116:Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf
10:
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155:Austrian parade in Cetinje
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23:Kingdom of Montenegro 1914
394:Montenegro in World War I
137:Stephan Burián von Rajecz
131:) that even the capital
55:On August 9, 1914, the
180:Heinrich Clam-Martinic
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52:
24:
389:Austro-Hungarian Army
212:History of Montenegro
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101:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
57:Kingdom of Montenegro
50:
22:
330:Montenegro 1914–1991
217:Montenegrin campaign
336:Lit, MĂĽnster 2006,
311:Böhlau, Wien 2009,
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112:Gottlieb von Jagow
53:
25:
344:, p. 315–332
317:978-3-205-78149-3
199:978-3-593-51035-4
168:Governor Generals
65:Kingdom of Serbia
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328:Ĺ erbo Rastoder:
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320:
305:
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282:Gerhard Ritter:
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262:Helmut Rumpler:
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35:(officially the
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108:satellite state
69:Austria-Hungary
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290:MĂĽnchen 1964,
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245:MĂĽnchen 1964,
235:Gerhard Ritter
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145:Gerhard Ritter
141:Franz Joseph I
77:Central Powers
61:Triple Entente
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366:3-486-56166-9
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148:of the war".
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139:and Emperor
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81:Serbian army
71:. Following
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36:
28:
26:
121:Lake Skadar
33:World War I
378:Categories
187:Literature
73:Bulgaria's
319:, p. 315.
298:, p. 107.
253:, p. 106.
223:Reference
286:Band 3:
241:Band 3:
206:See also
129:Goransko
125:Podbozur
85:Nikola I
67:against
133:Cetinje
43:History
31:during
364:
340:
315:
294:
249:
201:
197:
93:France
89:Italy
362:ISBN
338:ISBN
313:ISBN
292:ISBN
266:In:
247:ISBN
195:ISBN
27:The
91:to
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275:^
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103:.
95:.
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