Avocado - Knowledge

2990: 2960: 3002: 2946: 1297: 3170: 2975: 49: 1856: 66: 1997: 1660: 675: 119: 1069: 1229: 1164:, it takes an average of approximately 70 litres (18 US gallons; 15 imperial gallons) of applied fresh ground or surface water, not including rainfall or natural moisture in the soil, to grow one avocado (283 L/kg ). However, the amount of water needed depends on where it is grown; for example, in the main avocado-growing region of Chile, about 320 L (85 US gal; 70 imp gal) of applied water are needed to grow one avocado (1,280 L/kg ). 1558: 1289: 2926: 7264: 7254: 1627: 94: 1892: 667: 1838: 2914: 1337: 1820: 1367: 1130: 1910: 1220:, in response to footage from a hidden supermarket camera which showed shoppers repeatedly squeezing hard, unripe avocados, putting them "back in the bin", and moving on without making a purchase. In some cases, avocados can be left on the tree for several months, which is an advantage to commercial growers who seek the greatest return for their crop, but if the fruit remains unpicked for too long, it falls to the ground. 1874: 1041:. The Guatemalan and Mexican and landraces originated in the highlands of those countries, while the West Indian landrace is a lowland variety that ranges from Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador to Peru, achieving a wide range through human agency before the arrival of the Europeans. The three separate landraces were most likely to have already intermingled in pre-Columbian America and were described in the 1698:, in the early 1970s, 'Pinkerton' is a seedling of 'Hass' x 'Rincon'. The large fruit has a small seed, and its green skin deepens in color as it ripens. The thick flesh has a smooth, creamy texture, pale green color, good flavor, and high oil content. It shows some cold tolerance, to −1 °C (30 °F) and bears consistently heavy crops. A hybrid Guatemalan type, it has excellent peeling characteristics. 1348:. The pit germinates in normal soil conditions or partially submerged in a small glass (or container) of water. In the latter method, the pit sprouts in four to six weeks, at which time it is planted in standard houseplant potting soil. The plant normally grows large enough to be prunable; it does not bear fruit unless it has ample sunlight. Home gardeners can 1701:'Reed': Developed from a chance seedling found in 1948 by James S. Reed in California, this cultivar has large, round, green fruit with a smooth texture and dark, thick, glossy skin. Smooth and delicate, the flesh has a slightly nutty flavor. The skin ripens green. A Guatemalan type, it is hardy to −1 °C (30 °F). Tree size is about 5 by 4 m ( 584:, avocados have green, brown, purplish, or black skin, and may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. For commercial purposes the fruits are picked while unripe and ripened after harvesting. The nutrient density and extremely high fat content of avocado flesh are useful to a variety of cuisines and are often eaten to enrich vegetarian diets. 1206:

fruit, which matures on the tree, but ripens off the tree. Avocados used in commerce are picked hard and green and kept in coolers at 3.3 to 5.6 °C (37.9 to 42.1 °F) until they reach their final destination. Avocados must be mature to ripen properly. Avocados that fall off the tree ripen on

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Mexico is by far the world's largest avocado growing country, producing several times more than the second largest producer. In 2013, the total area dedicated to avocado production was 188,723 hectares (466,340 acres), and the harvest was 2.03 million tonnes in 2017. The states that produce the

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Avocados can be propagated by seed, taking roughly four to six years to bear fruit, although in some cases seedlings can take 10 years to come into bearing. The offspring is unlikely to be identical to the parent cultivar in fruit quality. Prime quality varieties are therefore propagated by grafting

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The plant was introduced to Spain in 1601, Indonesia around 1750, Mauritius in 1780, Brazil in 1809, the United States mainland in 1825, South Africa and Australia in the late 19th century, and the Ottoman Empire in 1908. In the United States, the avocado was introduced to Florida and Hawaii in 1833

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Commercial avocado production is limited to a small fraction of the vast genetic diversity in the species. Conservation of this genetic diversity has relied largely on field collection, as avocado seeds often do not survive storage in seed banks. This is problematic, as field preservation of living

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Certain cultivars, such as the 'Hass', have a tendency to bear well only in alternate years. After a season with a low yield, due to factors such as cold (which the avocado does not tolerate well), the trees tend to produce abundantly the next season. In addition, due to environmental circumstances

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The avocado is unusual in that the timing of the male and female flower phases differs among cultivars. The two flowering types are A and B. A-cultivar flowers open as female on the morning of the first day and close in late morning or early afternoon. Then they open as male in the afternoon of the

1685:: A seedling reportedly grown from a 'Taft' avocado planted in Miami on the property of George Cellon, it is named after Cellon's wife, Lula. It was likely a cross between Guatemalan and Mexican types. 'Lula' was recognized for its flavor and high oil content and propagated commercially in Florida. 3491:

Rendón-Anaya, Martha; Ibarra-Laclette, Enrique; Méndez-Bravo, Alfonso; Lan, Tianying; Zheng, Chunfang; Carretero-Paulet, Lorenzo; Perez-Torres, Claudia Anahí; Chacón-López, Alejandra; Hernandez-Guzmán, Gustavo; Chang, Tien-Hao; Farr, Kimberly M.; Barbazuk, W. Brad; Chamala, Srikar; Mutwil, Marek;

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A stoneless avocado, marketed as a "cocktail avocado", which does not contain a pit, is available on a limited basis. They are five to eight centimetres long; the whole fruit may be eaten, including the skin. It is produced from an unpollinated blossom in which the seed does not develop. Seedless

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slowed due to labor and shipping restrictions. Later in 2020, demand in the United States and within Mexico increased at a time when American retail prices continued to rise. During 2020 in the United States, month-to-month volume sales of avocados were similar to those of tomatoes at about 250

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and rivers faster than they can replenish themselves." 88% of total production and 99% of exported avocados from Chile are Hass avocados. Avocados are a staple fruit in Chile with 30% of production destined for the domestic market. No import tariffs are imposed on Chilean avocados by China, the

1157:, which survive temperatures as low as −6.5 °C (20 °F) with only minor leaf damage. The trees also need well-aerated soils, ideally more than 1 m deep. However, Guatemalan varieties such as "MacArthur", "Rincon", or "Nabal" can withstand temperatures down to −1.6 °C (29 °F) 898:"testicle", and this has been taken up in popular culture where a frequent claim is that testicle was the word's original meaning. This is not the case, as the original meaning can be reconstructed as "avocado" – rather the word seems to have been used in Nahuatl as a euphemism for "testicle". 6454:

Oelrichs, Peter B; Ng, Jack C; Seawright, Alan A; Ward, Annemarie; Schäffeler, Lothar; MacLeod, John K (1995). "Isolation and identification of a compound from avocado (Persea americana) leaves which causes necrosis of the acinar epithelium of the lactating mammary gland and the myocardium".

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Avocados in savory dishes, often seen as exotic, are a relative novelty in Portuguese-speaking countries, such as Brazil, where the traditional preparation is mashed with sugar and lime, and eaten as a dessert or snack. This contrasts with Spanish-speaking countries such as Chile, Mexico, or

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and without veterinary treatment, death. The symptoms include gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, respiratory distress, congestion, fluid accumulation around the tissues of the heart, and even death. Birds also seem to be particularly sensitive to this toxic compound.

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the ground. Generally, the fruit is picked once it reaches maturity; Mexican growers pick 'Hass' avocados when they have more than 23% dry matter, and other producing countries have similar standards. Once picked, avocados ripen in one to two weeks (depending on the cultivar) at

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cultivars is expensive, and habitat loss threatens wild cultivars. More recently, an alternate method of conservation has been developed based on cryopreservation of avocado somatic embryos with reliable methods for somatic embryogenesis and reconstitution into living trees.

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under the name 'avocado pear'. Much of the success of avocados in the UK is attributed to a long-running promotional campaign initiated by South African growers in 1995. In Australia and New Zealand, avocados are commonly served on sandwiches, sushi, toast, or with chicken.

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Generally, avocado is served raw, though some cultivars, including the common 'Hass', can be cooked for a short time without becoming bitter. The flesh of some avocados may be rendered inedible by heat. Prolonged cooking induces this chemical reaction in all cultivars.

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A seedling from Miami, Florida. 'Choquette' bore large fruit of good eating quality in large quantities and had good disease resistance, and thus became a major cultivar. Today 'Choquette' is widely propagated in south Florida both for commercial growing and for home

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).

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Bravo-Espinosa, M., Mendoza, M.E., Carlo ́n Allende, T., Medina, L., S ́aenz-Reyes, J.T., Pa ́ez, R., 2014. Effects of converting forest to avocado orchards on topsoil properties in the trans-Mexican volcanic system, Mexico. Land Degrad. Dev. 25 (5), 452–467.

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Dillehay, Tom D; Goodbred, Steve; Pino, Mario; Vásquez Sánchez, Víctor F; Tham, Teresa Rosales; Adovasio, James; Collins, Michael B; Netherly, Patricia J; Hastorf, Christine A; Chiou, Katherine L; Piperno, Dolores; Rey, Isabel; Velchoff, Nancy (2017).

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cultivar grows for another 6–12 months before the tree is ready to be sold. Clonal rootstocks are selected for tolerance of specific soil and disease conditions, such as poor soil aeration or resistance to the soil-borne disease (root rot) caused by

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gas). Some supermarkets sell ripened avocados which have been treated with synthetic ethylene to hasten ripening. The use of an ethylene gas "ripening room", which is now an industry standard, was pioneered in the 1980s by farmer Gil Henry of

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Panicles of flowers with deciduous bracts arise from new growth or the axils of leaves. The tree flowers thousands of blossoms every year. Avocado blossoms sprout from racemes near the leaf axils; they are small and inconspicuous 5–10 mm

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million pounds (110 million kg) per month. A report issued in mid-2020 forecast that the worldwide market, which was US$ 13.7 billion in 2018, would recover after the end of the pandemic and rise to US$ 21.6 billion by 2026.

5271:"Gil Henry dies at 88; revolutionized avocado industry; Henry pioneered the use of a 'ripening room' at his family's Escondido farm. The method, now an industry standard, allows markets to sell fruit that is ready to eat or close to it" 2079:

are documented to be harmful to animals; cats, dogs, cattle, goats, rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, birds, fish, and horses can be severely harmed or even killed when they consume them. The avocado fruit is poisonous to some birds, and the

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The earliest residents of northern coastal Peru were living in temporary camps in an ancient wetland and eating avocados, along with chilies, mollusks, sharks, birds, and sea lions. The oldest discovery of an avocado pit comes from

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The 'Hass' is the most common cultivar of avocado. It produces fruit year-round and accounts for 80% of cultivated avocados in the world. All 'Hass' trees are descended from a single "mother tree" raised by a mail carrier named

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reactions to avocado. There are two main forms of allergy: those with a tree-pollen allergy develop local symptoms in the mouth and throat shortly after eating avocado; the second, known as latex-fruit syndrome, is related to

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genus of the elephant lineage. Following extinction of these original seed dispersers, humans migrating into the region are thought to have become primary long-distance dispersers, eventuating in domestication of the species.

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O'Brien, Christopher, Jayeni CA Hiti-Bandaralage, Alice Hayward, and Neena Mitter. "Avocado (Persea americana Mill.)." In Step Wise Protocols for Somatic Embryogenesis of Important Woody Plants, pp. 305–328. Springer, Cham,

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species, avocados need a climate without frost and with little wind. High winds reduce the humidity, dehydrate the flowers, and affect pollination. When even a mild frost occurs, premature fruit drop may occur; although the

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estimated that 231,028 hectares (570,880 acres) in total were under cultivation for avocado production in Mexico, a 6% increase over the previous year, and that 2 million tonnes would be exported. The Mexican state of

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Wegier, A., Lorea Hernández, F., Contreras, A., Tobón, W. & Mastretta-Yanes, A. 2017. Persea americana (errata version published in 2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T96986556A129765464.

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The avocado tree also has a long history of cultivation in Central and South America, likely beginning as early as 5,000 BC. A water jar shaped like an avocado, dating to AD 900, was discovered in the pre-

2989: 1637:'Gwen': A seedling bred from 'Hass' x 'Thille' in 1982, 'Gwen' is higher yielding and more dwarfing than 'Hass' in California. The fruit has an oval shape, slightly smaller than 'Hass' (100–200 g or 1514:'Hass' avocados from Peru are seasonally available to consumers from May through September and are promoted under the auspices of the Peruvian Avocado Commission, headquartered in Washington, D.C. 2812:

by 16–22%. The study involved replacing half a daily serving of saturated fat sources, including margarine, butter, egg, yogurt, cheese, or processed meats, with an equivalent amount of avocado.

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The fruit is not sweet, but distinctly and subtly flavored, with smooth texture. It is used in both savory and sweet dishes, though in many countries not for both. The avocado is common in

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is a tree that grows to 9–20 m (30–66 ft) with a trunk diameter between 0.3–0.6 m (1–2 ft). The leaves are 8–25 cm (3–10 in) long and alternately arranged.

1385:, and nutritional diseases (excesses and deficiencies of key minerals). Disease can affect all parts of the plant, causing spotting, rotting, cankers, pitting, and discoloration. The 5672: 4743: 6919: 6835: 1324:. Advances in cloning techniques that can produce up to 500 new plants from a single millimetre of tree cutting have the potential to increase the availability of rootstocks. 6527: 5148: 1651:–7 oz), with a rich, nutty flavor. The skin texture is more finely pebbled than 'Hass', and is dull green when ripe. It is frost-hardy down to −1 °C (30 °F). 2830:, and as such serves as an important staple in the diet of consumers who have limited access to other fatty foods (high-fat meats and fish, dairy products). Having a high 1743:

of Sharpe and Wilson. Wilson also developed the Willard variety (Wilson and Hazzard), imported the Reed variety into Australia, and developed the Shepard variety. Sharpe

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during some years, seedless avocados may appear on the trees. Known in the avocado industry as "cukes", they are usually discarded commercially due to their small size.

6414: 4234: 1503:'Hass' avocado production in Peru encompasses thousands of hectares in central and western Peru. Peru has now become the largest supplier of avocados imported to the 1313:(clonal rootstocks). After about a year of growing in a greenhouse, the young rootstocks are ready to be grafted. Terminal and lateral grafting is normally used. The 2674: 2081: 803:

concluded that the avocado is an example of an "evolutionary anachronism", a fruit adapted for ecological relationship with now-extinct large mammals (such as giant

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Producing avocados is very water-intensive. The Water Footprint Network estimates it takes an average of 2,000 litres of water to produce one kilogram of avocados

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to be swallowed whole and excreted in their dung, ready to sprout. No extant native animal is large enough to effectively disperse avocado seeds in this fashion.

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In Mexico and Central America, avocados are served mixed with white rice, in soups, salads, or on the side of chicken and meat. They are also commonly added to

6099: 5357: 3719: 4928: 1691:: A relatively new cultivar, it was discovered in South Africa in the early 1990s by Mr. A.G. (Dries) Joubert. It is a chance seedling of unknown parentage. 6240: 6333: 3367:. Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. pp. 91–102. 1261: 811:, accomplished by their consumption by large animals. There are some reasons to think that the fruit, with its mildly toxic pit, may have coevolved with 3035:, used in salads and sandwiches, or as a whole dish when filled with tuna, shrimp, or chicken. In Chile, it is used as a puree-like sauce with chicken, 1754: 3854: 7014: 5604: 4775: 3494:"The avocado genome informs deep angiosperm phylogeny, highlights introgressive hybridization, and reveals pathogen-influenced gene space adaptation" 5042: 5856: 7550: 3214: 5578: 5499: 6680:

Pacheco, Lorena S.; Li, Yanping; Rimm, Eric B.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Sun, Qi; Rexrode, Kathryn; Hu, Frank B.; Guasch-Ferré, Marta (5 April 2022).

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avocados regularly appear on trees. Known in the avocado industry as "cukes", they are usually discarded commercially due to their small size.

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and other desserts. In Brazil, the Philippines Vietnam, and Indonesia, a dessert drink is made with sugar, milk or water, and pureed avocado.

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in its flowering. This limitation, added to the long juvenile period, makes the species difficult to breed. Most cultivars are propagated by

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second day. B varieties open as female on the afternoon of the first day, close in late afternoon and reopen as male the following morning.

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from around the same time period also show early evidence for the presence and consumption of avocado. There is evidence for avocado use at

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and Nigeria, the avocado is often eaten as a fruit alone or mixed with other fruits in a fruit salad, or as part of a vegetable salad. In

4565:"Avocado og testikelsovs:et internet meme og en aztekisk etymologi (Avocados and testicle sauce: an internet meme and an aztec etymology" 1025:, Mexico. There is evidence for three possible separate domestications of the avocado, resulting in the currently recognized Guatemalan ( 891: 5737: 2796:

Although costly to produce, nutrient-rich avocado oil has a multitude of uses for salads or cooking and in cosmetics and soap products.

2021:. The Mexican domestic market was expanding during 2020. Mexican avocado exports are challenged by growth of production by Peru and the 5468: 1292:

A common technique to germinate avocados at home is to use toothpicks poked into the avocado pit to suspend the pit partially in water.

7713: 6795: 5883: 2691:(table). In a 100-gram reference amount, avocado supplies 670 kilojoules (160 kilocalories), and is a rich source (20% or more of the 6843: 6556:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). 4627: 4484: 836: 5987: 2925: 7488: 6519: 612: 5156: 1195:

Commercial orchards produce an average of seven tonnes per hectare each year, with some orchards achieving 20 tonnes per hectare.

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Chile has produced avocados for over 100 years with production increasing dramatically in the early 1980s due to global demand.

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Brehler R, Theissen U, Mohr C, Luger T (April 1997). ""Latex-fruit syndrome": frequency of cross-reacting IgE antibodies".

5711: 5607:[Templars earn 2,000 pesos a year extorting avocado in Michoacan] (in Spanish). Aristegui Noticias. 29 October 2013 4372: 4986:"Simple technologies and diverse food strategies of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene at Huaca Prieta, Coastal Peru" 4691: 4671: 3559: 6177: 2945: 1257: 1187:. Water requirements for growing avocados are three times higher than for apples, and 18 times higher than for tomatoes. 2808:

following 110,487 people for 30 years found that eating two servings of avocado per week reduced the risk of developing

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is the world leader in avocado production, accounting for 80% of all Mexican output. Most Mexican growers produce the

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Galindo-Tovar, María Elena; Arzate-Fernández, Amaury M.; Ogata-Aguilar, Nisao & Landero-Torres, Ivonne (2007).

3727: 1429:, and Michoacan, accounting for 86% of the total. In Michoacán, the cultivation is complicated by the existence of 986: 599:

the water demands of avocado farms place strain on local resources. Avocado production is also implicated in other

5270: 1461:. About 24,000 hectares (59,000 acres) – as of 2015, some 80% of United States avocado production – is located in 7633: 7537: 7201: 6136: 5689: 5394: 4885: 1472:, claims, without official recognition, the title of "Avocado Capital of the World" (also claimed by the town of 819: 5131: 1732:, Mexico in 1911, Fuerte was the dominant commercial variety in the U.S. for the first half of the 20th century. 7656: 6341: 2853:

A ripe avocado yields to gentle pressure when held in the palm of the hand and squeezed. The flesh is prone to

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per hectare from avocado farmers and 1 to 3 pesos/kg of harvested fruit. It is such a problem that the phrase

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a branch from a fruit-bearing plant to speed maturity, which typically takes four to six years to bear fruit.

7858: 7615: 7234: 6386: 5920: 5895: 5825: 4253:"Pleistocene-dated genomic divergence of avocado trees supports cryptic diversity in the Colombian germplasm" 3203: 1484: 933:

In Central American, Caribbean Spanish-speaking countries, and Spain it is known by the Mexican Spanish name

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containing a single large seed. Sequencing of its genome showed that the evolution of avocados was shaped by

6490: 5334: 2968:, a traditional dish from the Philippines where avocados are regarded as a dessert fruit, rather than savory 2670: 7833: 7480: 7454: 7206: 7011: 6515: 6363: 6085: 2001: 1977: 1672: 1407: 7389: 6364:"Avocado – allergy information (InformAll: Communicating about Food Allergies – University of Manchester)" 4610:"No Snopes.com, the word guacamole does not come from the Nahuatl word for "ground testicles or avocados"" 3117:

and a slice of lemon. It is also common to serve layered multiple fruit juices in a glass (locally called

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between the US, Canada and Mexico in July 2020 facilitating avocado shipments within the North American

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derived from cultivars. Modern breeding programs tend to use isolation plots where the chances of cross-

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can tolerate temperatures down to −1 °C. Several cold-hardy varieties are planted in the region of

659: in) wide. They have no petals but instead two whorls of three pale-green or greenish-yellow downy 7843: 7726: 7506: 7322: 7239: 5579:"2001–2013 World avocado production, 2000–2011 World Avocado Exports, 2002–2013 French avocado imports" 3277: 3208: 1488: 1457:

country were observed and reported growing near San Gabriel. The avocado has since become a successful

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has been adopted to describe the social effects in Mexico of the vast worldwide demand for its fruits.

1386: 1241: 1115: 3451: 7643: 7589: 7164: 6655: 5582: 5503: 4713: 4652: 3121:) made of avocados, mangoes, bananas, guavas, and papayas. Avocados are also used to make salads. In 2826:

The fruit of horticultural cultivars has a markedly higher fat content than most other fruit, mostly

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The fruit of domestic varieties have smooth, buttery, golden-green flesh when ripe. Depending on the

4590: 1953:, led by Mexico with 30% (2.4 million tonnes) of the total (table). Other major producers were 1767: 7828: 7159: 6436: 5303: 5299: 3673: 2805: 1584: 1361: 1058: 772: 118: 31: 17: 7607: 7467: 1774:) include the 'Challenge', 'Dickinson', 'Kist', 'Queen', 'Rey', 'Royal', 'Sharpless', and 'Taft'. 7863: 7718: 7475: 7415: 7267: 5658: 4718: 3099: 2965: 1675:. Hass patented the productive tree in 1935. The "mother tree", of uncertain subspecies, died of 1477: 5554:

Tropical Fruit Pests and Pollinators: Biology, Economic Importance, Natural Enemies, and Control

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Avocadoes of the future look secure thanks to Queensland student Chris O'Brien's cryogenics work

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The ghosts of evolution: nonsensical fruit, missing partners, and other ecological anachronisms

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The Ghosts of Evolution: Nonsensical Fruit, Missing Partners, and Other Ecological Anachronisms

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and the second largest supplier to Asia and the United States. The country's location near the

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and human rights concerns associated with the partial control of their production in Mexico by

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for avocados, and place additional pressures on the locales in which they are produced due to

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Ayala Silva, Tomas; Ledesma, Noris (2014). "Avocado History, Biodiversity and Production".

4125: 3889: 3788: 3777:"Socio-ecological resilience and environmental sustainability: case of avocado from Mexico" 3505: 3169: 2564: 2525: 2014: 1523: 1275:

B cultivars: 'Fuerte', 'Sharwil', 'Zutano', 'Bacon', 'Ettinger', 'Sir Prize', 'Walter Hole'

1211:(faster if stored with other fruits such as apples or bananas, because of the influence of 1203: 1154: 939:, while South American Spanish-speaking countries Argentina, Chile, Perú and Uruguay use a 688: 565:

to maintain consistent fruit output. Avocados are presently cultivated in the tropical and

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Government of Western Australia: Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development

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A mocha almond fudge avocado layer cake. Avocado is present within the layers of the cake.

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for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from

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In the United Kingdom, the avocado became available during the 1960s when introduced by

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that extort protection fees from cultivators. They are reported to exact 2,000 Mexican

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can be a problem, with heavy crops in one year being followed by poor yields the next.

831: 246: 113: 1735:'Sharwil': Developed by James Cockburn Wilson (died 1990) with Frank Victor Sharpe in 7677: 7397: 7169: 7052: 6991: 6960: 6931: 6872: 6744: 6721: 6703: 6628: 6567: 6557: 6472: 6307: 5924: 5921:"Avocado Tree's Demise Is the Pits for Growers; Fitting farewell sought for 'mother'" 5558: 5023: 4963: 4545: 4520: 4510: 4462: 4304: 4298: 4183: 4149: 4141: 4086: 4059: 4032: 4005: 4001:

Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Açai to Citrus

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About 75% of an avocado's energy comes from fat, most of which (67% of total fat) is

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Domestication, leading to genetically distinct cultivars, possibly originated in the

940: 843:

in 1526. The first written record in English of the use of the word 'avocado' was by

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Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Tropical and Subtropical Fruits

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as a substitute for meats in sandwiches and salads because of its high fat content.

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has been used in English since at least 1764, with minor spelling variants such as

1042: 876: 835:. The first detailed account that unequivocally describes the avocado was given by 800: 752:

The species produces various cultivars with larger, fleshier fruits with a thinner

554: 550: 65: 7356: 6983: 3801: 3776: 2013:

Seventy-six percent of Mexico's avocado exports go to the United States, with the

1001:, has since become a common colloquialism in South Africa and the United Kingdom. 7823: 7744: 7664: 7343: 7131: 7126: 7038: 7018: 6985: 6939: 6614: 5109: 4860:"Domestication and Significance of Persea americana, the Avocado, in Mesoamerica" 4488: 4380: 4212: 3902: 3878:"Expected global suitability of coffee, cashew and avocado due to climate change" 3627: 3091: 2894: 2645: 2092: 2018: 2000:

First international air shipment of avocados from Los Angeles to Toronto for the

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of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the global harvest in that year.

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Grüter, Roman; Trachsel, Tim; Laube, Patrick; Jaisli, Isabel (26 January 2022).

3388: 1969:, together producing 35% of the world total. Despite market effects of the 2020 525:. The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and 7700: 7184: 6551: 4269: 4252: 3469: 3157: 3086:

region), avocados are frequently used for milkshakes and occasionally added to

2880: 1725: 1682: 1504: 1492: 1184: 1176: 1168: 1062: 1050: 757: 692: 542: 143: 7692: 6210:. US Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. 27 November 2018 6057:. San Diego, California: California Avocado Association: 32–40. Archived from 6016: 3775:

Khan, Nadeem; Kakabadse, Nada Korac-; Skouloudis, Antonis (17 November 2021).

3189:) are used in some cuisines as a spice, with a flavor somewhat reminiscent of 7787: 7576: 7106: 7096: 6935: 6707: 4412: 4145: 3911: 3810: 3697: 3635: 3527: 3255:

Intermingled in a trade or cultural sense, but not necessarily a genetic one.

3142: 2951: 2936: 2789: 2770: 2763: 2759: 2299: 2201: 2167: 2072: 2056: 1973:, volume production of avocados in Mexico increased by 40% over 2019 levels. 1511:

and along the Pacific Ocean creates consistently mild temperatures all year.

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attested even earlier. The avocado was commonly referred to in California as

1068: 784: 604: 378: 238: 103: 98: 6698: 6496:. Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. November 2010 5605:"Templarios ganan 2,000 mdp al año extorsionando a aguacateros en Michoacán" 5484: 4549: 4524: 3689: 3518: 3428: 3411: 7757: 7307: 7179: 7141: 7136: 7101: 7028: 6725: 6632: 6571: 6083:

The holy grail of avocados – stoneless – hits shops for a limited time only

5962: 5525: 5073: 5027: 5009: 4748: 4453:. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity. Vol. 2. pp. 157–205. 4153: 4124:(4528). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 19–27. 3929: 3847:"What climate change means for the future of coffee, cashews, and avocados" 3653: 3585:"Crops/World regions/Production quantity (pick lists) of avocados for 2020" 3545: 3437: 3048: 2884: 2858: 2720: 2684: 2590: 2143: 2033: 1986: 1771: 1668: 1654: 1580: 1146: 804: 74: 48: 7669: 7379: 6514: 6476: 6468: 6311: 6023:. Vol. X, no. 17. Western Australia. 8 September 1977. p. 2 5550: 5429:

Florida's Best Fruiting Plants: Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines

3490: 2032:, Mexican avocado farmers restricted harvesting as the overall demand and 1982: 1757:

for services to the avocado industry. The variety originated in Guatemala.

1232:

A seedless avocado, or cuke, growing next to two regular Ettinger avocados

1172: 7602: 7514: 7316: 7091: 6137:"Progress Report on Effects of Plant Growth Regulator Sprays on Avocados" 5395:"Progress Report on Effects of Plant Growth Regulator Sprays on Avocados" 4420: 4024: 3584: 3063: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2724: 2692: 2127: 1740: 1540: 1430: 1288: 1253: 1141: 844: 832:

Suma De Geographia Que Trata De Todas Las Partidas Y Provincias Del Mundo

792: 788: 776: 600: 522: 518: 6241:"International avocado market expected to recover in Covid-19 aftermath" 4916: 1539:

reported in 2015 that "Large avocado growers are draining the country's

7493: 5891: 4707: 2847: 2752: 2732: 2696: 2398: 2347: 2307: 1990: 1626: 1345: 818:

The earliest known written account of the avocado in Europe is that of

596: 546: 530: 169: 3133:, their well-ripened flesh, thoroughly mashed or pureed with milk and 3025: 2063:, abdominal pain, and vomiting and can sometimes be life-threatening. 1770:. Historically attested varieties (which may or may not survive among 666: 57: 7519: 7436: 7121: 7023: 6984:

Bruce Shaffer; B. Nigel Wolstenhome; Anthony W. Whiley, eds. (2012).

6842:. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Archived from 6682:"Avocado Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in US Adults" 6107:

Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel

5443:

Avocado tree wait times smashed thanks to world-first rootstock trial

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Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel

4806: 3220: 3130: 3087: 3083: 3071: 3056: 3036: 2932: 2899: 2876: 2839: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2457: 2444: 2431: 2295: 2060: 1966: 1897: 1458: 1450: 1306: 1088: 970: 913:. The earliest known written use in English is attested from 1697 as 780: 663:

lobes, each blossom has 9 stamens with 2 basal orange nectar glands.

616: 526: 521:

more than 5,000 years ago. It was prized for its large and unusually

510: 506: 189: 7278: 7116: 6764:

Bates, Robert P (1970). "Heat-Induced Off-Flavor in Avocado Flesh".

3949:

Sustainable Horticultural Systems: Issues, Technology and Innovation

3781:

International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology

3674:"Avocado production: Water footprint and socioeconomic implications" 3410:

Chen, H; Morrell, PL; Ashworth, V; de la Cruz, M; Clegg, MT (2008).

3278:

https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T96986556A96986588.en

1344:

The avocado tree can be grown domestically and used as a decorative

1336: 1136:, young avocado plant (seedling), complete with parted pit and roots 7752: 7301: 4982: 3833: 3110: 2635: 2330: 2076: 2051: 1954: 1843: 1676: 1544:

United States, or the European Union due to free trade agreements.

1366: 1349: 1310: 1249: 1245: 1212: 1150: 1129: 1053:, dating from around 9,000 to 10,000 years ago. Other caves in the 1038: 696: 660: 581: 562: 514: 179: 7542: 7441: 5898:. 2008. pp. 'About Avocados: History' section. Archived from 5817: 4537: 7410: 7229: 6796:"Is this the best way to eat avocado westerners aren't aware of?" 6134: 5392: 5326: 5135: 3150: 3138: 3095: 3075: 3040: 2883:

or toast, served with spices. Avocado is a primary ingredient in

2688: 2275: 1939: 1729: 1508: 1473: 1422: 1418: 866: 807:

or gomphotheres). Most large fleshy fruits serve the function of

753: 4776:"From the Aztecs to avo, the scoop on 'avocado' and 'guacamole'" 2857:, quickly turning brown after exposure to air. To prevent this, 7428: 6894:"Ripe and ready: how 'evil geniuses' got us hooked on avocados" 5738:"Peru: Record avocado production saturated the markets in 2014" 3174: 3129:, they are often eaten alone on sliced bread as a sandwich. In 3079: 3067: 3044: 3019: 2889: 2728: 2414: 2304: 2088: 1950: 1825: 1426: 1382: 1171:

in some avocado production areas, such as the Mexican state of

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It is known as "butter fruit" in parts of India and Hong Kong.

592: 199: 6491:"Livestock – Poisoning Plants of California, Publication 8398" 3750:"Avocado consumption: environmental and social considerations" 1079:

avocados, the ancestral form of today's domesticated varieties

901:

The modern English name comes from a rendering of the Spanish

30:

This article is about the tree and fruit. For other uses, see

5816:

Crane, Jonathan H.; Balerdi, Carlos F.; Maguire, Ian (2018).

4656:, second edition (1989), articles "avocado", "alligator, n.2" 3409: 3190: 3146: 3126: 3122: 3114: 3098:, a similar chilled avocado and milk drink is sweetened with 3031: 2904: 2157: 1915: 1809: 1378: 1272:

A cultivars: 'Hass', 'Gwen', 'Lamb Hass', 'Pinkerton', 'Reed'

1264:

and the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias in Chile.

967:, meaning avocado soup or sauce, from which the Spanish word 700: 588: 130: 6413:. Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility. 30 June 2006. 5485:"Avocado Houseplant » Top Tips for Lush Indoor Foliage" 847:, who coined the term, in a 1696 index of Jamaican plants. 7044: 6868:

Edible Medicinal And Non Medicinal Plants: Volume 3, Fruits

6542: 5498:

Ohr, H. D.; Coffer, M. D.; McMillan, R. T. (8 April 2003).

4686: 4666: 4111:"Neotropical Anachronisms: The Fruits the Gomphotheres Ate" 3412:"Tracing the Geographic Origins of Major Avocado Cultivars" 1962: 1949:

In 2020, world production of avocados was 8.1 million

1879: 1434: 1084: 808: 732: 6836:"Eat this! The 'Hass' avocado, black and green and creamy" 6520:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels" 4890:, Lauraceae) crop in Mesoamerica: 10,000 years of history" 3672:

Sommaruga, Ruben; Eldridge, Honor May (13 December 2020).

3610:

Dreher, Mark L.; Davenport, Adrienne J. (1 January 2013).

3181:

In addition to the fruit, the leaves of Mexican avocados (

1468:

Avocado is the official fruit of the state of California.

529:. Avocado trees have a native growth range from Mexico to 6821:"Around the world culinary tour with avocados – AvoSeedo" 6097: 5355: 4909:

10.3100/1043-4534(2007)12[325:TAPALC]2.0.CO;2

4509:, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas. p. 210. 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 3875: 2187: 2082:

American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

1453:

in the early 1850s, when avocado trees imported from the

1248:, having originated from random seedling plants or minor 962: 956: 884: 27:

Species of flowering plant in the laurel family Lauraceae

6656:"Avocados, raw, all commercial varieties, per 100 grams" 6289: 5502:. The American Phytopathological Society. Archived from 5324: 5184:"How green are avocados? (Yes, that's a trick question)" 4323: 4296: 4085:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 172–. 3560:"Growing avocados: flowering, pollination and fruit set" 2887:. Avocado slices are frequently added to hamburgers and 1728:: Commercialized in the U.S. from budwood imported from 1309:

that are propagated by seed (seedling rootstocks) or by

995: 6599:"Hass avocado composition and potential health effects" 6453: 6366:. Inflammation-repair.manchester.ac.uk. 18 October 2006 5551:

Peña, Jorge E.; Sharp, Jennifer L.; Wysoki, M. (2002).

5218:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

4541:

Vocabulario De La Lengua Méxicana. Edición facsimilaria

3774: 3720:"The Shocking Environmental Effects of Avocado Farming" 3612:"Hass Avocado Composition and Potential Health Effects" 3589:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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or lemon juice can be added to avocados after peeling.

1167:

Increasing demand and production of avocados may cause

870: 5431:. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc. p. 33. 4827:"What is China's role in the global avocado shortage?" 4744:"Twiggy squares up to Sainsbury's in the avocado wars" 4435: 4205:"Why the Avocado Should Have Gone the Way of the Dodo" 4025:

A. W. Whiley; B. Schaffer; B. N. Wolstenholme (2002).

2087:

Avocado leaves contain a toxic fatty acid derivative,

6871:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 82. 4562: 5089:

Higgins, J.E.; Hunn, C.J.; Holt, V.S. (April 1911).

4607: 2875:

It is used as the base for the Mexican dip known as

6679: 5997:. Australian Avocado Growers' Federation. June 1990 5815: 4705: 1694:'Pinkerton': First grown on the Pinkerton Ranch in 1340:

Avocado houseplant leaf with ruler to indicate size

6553:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium 6387:"Preliminary Report on Toxicity of Avocado Leaves" 6100:"Development of Seeded and Seedless Avocado Fruit" 5673:"World avocado production prospects in California" 5358:"Development of Seeded and Seedless Avocado Fruit" 5325:Crane, JH; Balerdi CF; Maguire I (1 August 2007). 4706: 4628:"8 Words from Nahuatl, the Language of the Aztecs" 4591:"Does the Word 'Guacamole' Mean 'Testicle Sauce'?" 4448: 4330:Mill.) tree as a basis for pre-harvest management" 4051: 2776:Typical total fat composition is roughly: 1% 1256:are reduced. That is the case for programs at the 921:(due to its shape), a term sometimes corrupted to 5756:"Peru jumps to No.2 avocado exporter to the U.S." 5497: 5149:"How much water does it take to grow an avocado?" 4588: 4413:"All About Avocados: History of the Hass Avocado" 4290: 4078: 3671: 2489: 2285: 1061:sites in Peru by at least 3,200 years ago and at 613:significant changes to the suitable growing zones 7785: 7012:Definitive illustrated list of avocado varieties 6920:"Area Handbook for Chile (Area handbook series)" 5878: 5876: 5874: 5095:Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 3215:Florida Lime & Avocado Growers, Inc. v. Paul 2707:(20% DV), with moderate contents (10–19% DV) of 950: 6596: 6508: 6041: 5818:"Avocado Growing in the Florida Home Landscape" 5692:. Huffington Post, San Francisco. 25 April 2013 5500:"Diseases of Avocado (Persea americana Miller)" 5327:"Avocado Growing in the Florida Home Landscape" 5088: 3997: 3941: 3939: 3609: 3498:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2743:Avocados have diverse fats. For a typical one: 894:"auacatl" is given also as the translation for 6917: 5690:"California State Foods Named By Gavin Newsom" 5474:, 10 September 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020. 5268: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4491:. Whp.uoregon.edu. Retrieved on 25 July 2013. 3945: 3616:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2995:Unusual avocado variety from Cebu, Philippines 2122:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) 1993:for shipping and high demand among consumers. 1065:in Peru from around 3,800 to 4,500 years ago. 533:. Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an 7060: 6952: 5914: 5871: 5043:"Avocado: The Early Roots of Avocado History" 4938: 4324:Nigel-Wolstenholme, B.; Whiley, A.W. (1999). 4173: 4171: 3467: 3078:, and southern India (especially the coastal 1565:The examples and perspective in this article 1283: 968: 944: 934: 908: 902: 860: 829: – 1528) in 1519 in his book, 549:events and that commercial varieties have an 6738: 6447: 6384: 6283: 6175: 6051:California Avocado Association Annual Report 5645:"Early History of the Avocado in California" 5141: 4824: 4500: 4283:Cook, Robert E. "Attractions of the flesh." 4250: 4108: 3936: 3667: 3665: 3663: 2683:Raw avocado flesh is 73% water, 15% fat, 9% 1449:Avocados were introduced to California from 1444: 1175:. Avocados may also cause environmental and 841:Sumario de la natural historia de las Indias 6789: 6787: 6743:. Oxfordshire, England: CABI. p. 440. 6262: 6260: 6258: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6178:"Avocado market stabilizes after lockdowns" 6035: 4844: 4802:"Avocado holds promise for Wayanad farmers" 4738: 4736: 4538:Molina Alonso de, Julius Platzmann (1880). 4383:: Index Fresh Avocado. 2007. Archived from 3474:California Avocado Society 1973–74 Yearbook 1491:are the two major grower organizations and 1377:Avocado trees are vulnerable to bacterial, 1179:impacts in major production areas, illegal 779:dispersal of its large seed by now-extinct 7067: 7053: 6959:. University of Texas Press. p. 426. 6516:United States Food and Drug Administration 6269:"The numbers behind avocados' record 2020" 6266: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6135:Stewart, W.S.; Smoyer, K.M.; Puffer, R.E. 6031:– via National Library of Australia. 5849:"Gwen Avocado Produces More in Less Space" 5393:Stewart, W.S.; Smoyer, K.M.; Puffer, R.E. 4879: 4877: 4482:Nahuatl Dictionary/Diccionario del náhuatl 4251:Berdugo-Cely, Jhon A; et al. (2023). 4235:"Yes, Really ― Avocados Should Be Extinct" 4168: 4058:. Oxford University Press. pp. 162–. 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3141:made from the sap of the inflorescence of 3047:or lettuce salads. The Chilean version of 3029:as mayonnaise, served as a side dish with 1396: 1190: 1160:According to information published by the 961:can be compounded with other words, as in 611:. Global warming is expected to result in 92: 64: 47: 6864: 6715: 6697: 6686:Journal of the American Heart Association 6622: 5955: 5132:How Much Coldness Can Avocado Trees Take? 5017: 4608:Magnus Pharao Hansen (10 February 2016). 4345: 4268: 4104: 4102: 4045: 4028:The Avocado: Botany, Production, and Uses 3991: 3919: 3901: 3800: 3660: 3643: 3535: 3517: 3427: 3360: 3301:. The World Flora Online Consortium. 2022 3051:contains large slices of mature avocado. 2091:, which in sufficient quantity can cause 1739:, Queensland, Australia, in the 1950s, a 1603:Learn how and when to remove this message 6987:The Avocado: Botany, Production and Uses 6784: 6675: 6673: 6255: 6222: 6144:California Avocado Society 1948 Yearbook 5930: 5714:. Uruapaninteractivo.com. Archived from 5712:"::Uruapan:: Uruapan, Michoacan, México" 5630:Sternbergh, Adam, "Avocados Are Toast", 5626: 5624: 5622: 5448:, 7 June 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2020. 5402:California Avocado Society 1948 Yearbook 4960:The avocado: botany, production and uses 4957: 4733: 4503:La evolución fonológica del Protonáhuatl 4410: 4072: 3463: 3461: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3168: 2788:(65% oleic and 6% palmitoleic), and 14% 2773:content amounts to 14% of the total fat. 2099:The leaves of the Guatemalan variety of 1995: 1658: 1625: 1401: 1365: 1335: 1295: 1287: 1227: 1128: 1067: 673: 665: 6956:Oaxaca Al Gusto: An Infinite Gastronomy 6858: 6827: 6793: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6162: 5107: 4874: 4507:Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 4246: 4244: 3570: 2103:are toxic to goats, sheep, and horses. 2025:to supply the US and European markets. 1793:List of countries by avocado production 1517: 14: 7786: 6833: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6642: 5846: 5426: 5211: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5034: 4962:. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CABI. 4857: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4232: 4177: 4099: 4018: 3591:, Statistical Division (FAOSTAT). 2022 2983:avocado milkshake with chocolate syrup 2066: 1498: 1236:The species is only partially able to 875: 7283: 7282: 7048: 6891: 6763: 6670: 5828:from the original on 25 November 2020 5619: 5544: 5040: 4934:from the original on 10 October 2015. 4589:Brooke, Binkowski (9 February 2016). 4544:(in Spanish). Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. 4367: 4365: 4109:Janzen, D. H.; Martin, P. S. (1982). 3492:Shivhare, Devendra (20 August 2019). 3458: 3339: 3066:(where avocados were introduced from 2084:(ASPCA) lists it as toxic to horses. 1355: 7809:Crops originating from South America 7644:6e25c949-ec9d-4d20-a674-4cd746f3b7da 6741:The Encyclopedia of Fruit & Nuts 6417:from the original on 14 January 2008 6192: 5859:from the original on 10 January 2021 5779: 5518: 5337:from the original on 13 January 2008 5224:from the original on 12 January 2008 5110:"The Avocado in Southern California" 4727:participating institution membership 4241: 3470:"What kind of fruit is the avocado?" 3364:Avocado; In: Fruits of Warm Climates 3242: 1777: 1551: 837:Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés 7814:Crops originating from the Americas 7794:IUCN Red List least concern species 6639: 6044:"Cold Storage Behavior of Avocados" 5936: 5171: 4399: 4334:Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 4297:Cited in Barlow; Connie C. (2000). 4004:. Elsevier Science. pp. 125–. 2846:, and is mostly used for salads or 1679:and was cut down in September 2002. 1258:University of California, Riverside 731: oz), and has a large central 24: 6977: 6778:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1970.tb00962.x 6530:from the original on 27 March 2024 6441:ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center 6304:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb01019.x 6243:. Fresh Fruit Portal. 29 July 2020 4620: 4362: 4287:New York, 91, no. 1 (1982): 20–24. 3023:. In Peru, they are consumed with 2738: 1761: 1331: 1202:Like the banana, the avocado is a 294:(Cham. & Schltdl.) S.F. Blake 25: 7880: 7005: 6098:Blumenfeld, Amos; Gazit, Shmuel. 5884:"The Hass Mother Tree: 1926–2002" 5356:Blumenfeld, Amos; Gazit, Shmuel. 5214:"Avocado Production in Australia" 5114:Pomona Journal of Economic Botany 4825:Conversation, The (14 May 2017). 4692:Diccionario de la lengua española 4672:Diccionario de la lengua española 4451:Sustainable Horticultural Systems 4202: 3853:. 26 January 2022. Archived from 3070:since before the 1700s), Brazil, 2059:and symptoms include generalised 1480:, host annual avocado festivals. 928: 699:covering the seed, rather than a 587:In major production regions like 553:origin. Avocado trees are partly 7732:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325643-2 7263: 7262: 7253: 7252: 6946: 6911: 6892:Saner, Emine (2 November 2015). 6885: 6813: 6757: 6732: 6597:Dreher ML, Davenport AJ (2013). 6590: 6483: 6429: 6403: 6378: 6356: 6326: 6128: 6091: 6076: 5250:from the original on 26 May 2010 5078:. Oxford University Press. 1885. 3834:https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2163 3153:or regular bread for breakfast. 3012: 3000: 2988: 2973: 2958: 2944: 2924: 2912: 2838:is expensive compared to common 1908: 1890: 1872: 1854: 1836: 1818: 1766:Other avocado cultivars include 1556: 987:diminutive in Australian English 799:In 1982, evolutionary biologist 117: 7041:, California Rare Fruit Growers 6834:Zeldes, Leah A. (2 June 2010). 6794:Malasig, Jeline (22 May 2018). 6578:from the original on 9 May 2024 6267:Raul Lopez (18 December 2020). 6042:Overholser, E. L. (1924–1925). 6009: 5980: 5840: 5809: 5791: 5773: 5748: 5730: 5704: 5682: 5665: 5651: 5637: 5597: 5571: 5491: 5477: 5461: 5451: 5435: 5420: 5386: 5349: 5318: 5288: 5262: 5236: 5205: 5124: 5108:Popenoe, F.W. (February 1911). 5101: 5082: 5061: 4976: 4818: 4810:. 16 April 2010. Archived from 4794: 4768: 4699: 4679: 4659: 4645: 4601: 4582: 4556: 4531: 4494: 4475: 4326:"Ecophysiology of the avocado ( 4317: 4277: 4226: 4196: 3966: 3869: 3851:National Geographic Environment 3839: 3825: 3768: 3742: 3712: 3603: 3552: 3249: 3149:, they are often consumed with 2758:Other predominant fats include 1124: 978:In the United Kingdom the term 6271:. Blue Book Services – Produce 6180:. Blue Book Services – Produce 5847:Sidnam, Bill (26 April 1992). 5581:. Novagrim.com. Archived from 5269:Steve Chawkins (3 June 2013). 5246:. Mindfully.org. 1 June 1976. 5212:Whiley, A (1 September 2000). 4563:Pharao Hansen, Magnus (2021). 3484: 3444: 3403: 3381: 3313: 3283: 3269: 3173:Avocado has elliptical-shaped 2935:mix (right) used as a dip for 1719: 1615: 1116:California Avocado Association 1007: 622: 517:and was first domesticated in 13: 1: 7804:Crops originating from Mexico 7235:California Avocado Commission 7024:California Avocado Commission 6411:"Notes on poisoning: avocado" 6176:Greg Johnson (29 June 2020). 5896:California Avocado Commission 4752:. 23 May 2009. Archived from 3974:"Avocado General Information" 3802:10.1080/13504509.2021.1902419 3726:. 17 May 2019. Archived from 3262: 3204:California Avocado Commission 3102:and flavored with a touch of 1786: 1485:California Avocado Commission 823: 7869:Cloud forest flora of Mexico 7074: 6615:10.1080/10408398.2011.556759 3903:10.1371/journal.pone.0261976 3628:10.1080/10408398.2011.556759 3280:. Downloaded on 01 May 2021. 2669:Percentages estimated using 2111: 2045: 2002:Canadian National Exhibition 1978:US Department of Agriculture 1673:La Habra Heights, California 1547: 1476:in Mexico), and both it and 1408:Avocado production in Mexico 996: 850: 7: 5138:. Retrieved on Dec. 4, 2022 5045:. Canku Ota. Archived from 4505:(in Spanish). México D.F.: 4459:10.1007/978-3-319-06904-3_8 4347:10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.043 4257:Tree Genetics & Genomes 4138:10.1126/science.215.4528.19 4055:Plant Life: A Brief History 4052:Frederick B. Essig (2015). 3952:. Springer. pp. 176–. 3196: 3145:), is a common dessert. In 2893:and is a key ingredient in 2815: 2799: 2662:Link to USDA Database entry 2132:670 kJ (160 kcal) 2040: 1630:Avocado 'Choquette' grafted 1579:, discuss the issue on the 1223: 1095:and in California in 1856. 892:Molina's Nahuatl dictionary 763: 695:, due to the imperceptible 509:tree in the laurel family ( 56:Avocado fruit and foliage, 10: 7885: 7240:California Avocado Society 6739:Jules Janick, ed. (2008). 5528:Protopulvinaria pyriformis 5244:"Ethylene gas and produce" 5041:Barry, PC (7 April 2001). 4858:Landon, Amanda J. (2009). 4270:10.1007/s11295-023-01616-8 4233:Glover, Amy (April 2024). 4079:Chittaranjan Kole (2011). 3452:"Persea Americana Avocado" 3391:. University of California 3209:California Avocado Society 2819: 1800:Avocado production – 2020 1790: 1521: 1489:California Avocado Society 1405: 1391:Protopulvinaria pyriformis 1359: 1284:Propagation and rootstocks 1012: 945: 820:Martín Fernández de Enciso 365:(Schltdl. & Cham.) Mez 29: 7849:Trees of Northern America 7291: 7248: 7222: 7152: 7082: 6658:. NutritionData.com. 2013 5075:Oxford English Dictionary 4714:Oxford English Dictionary 4695:. Real Academia Española. 4675:. Real Academia Española. 4653:Oxford English Dictionary 4303:. New York: Basic Books. 4182:. New York: Basic Books. 3164: 2966:Avocado in milk and sugar 2879:, as well as a spread on 2668: 2658: 2654: 2644: 2634: 2626: 2614: 2610: 2602: 2589: 2576: 2563: 2550: 2537: 2524: 2511: 2498: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2456: 2443: 2430: 2413: 2397: 2380: 2363: 2346: 2329: 2294: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2258: 2254: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2220: 2210: 2200: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2166: 2156: 2140: 2136: 2126: 2121: 2008: 1936: 1799: 1445:Cultivation in California 880:, which goes back to the 865:, which derives from the 633: 541:, is botanically a large 307:(L.O. Williams) L.E. Kopp 252: 245: 228: 221: 114:Scientific classification 112: 90: 81: 72: 63: 55: 46: 41: 6205:"Mexico; Avocado Annual" 6017:"Research plants stolen" 5634:, April 20 – May 3, 2015 5427:Boning, Charles (2006). 5300:University of California 4897:Harvard Papers in Botany 4780:South China Morning Post 4417:What'sCookingAmerica.net 4411:Stradley, Linda (2004). 3998:Elhadi M. Yahia (2011). 2806:prospective cohort study 2719:. Avocados also contain 1808:Production (millions of 1495:is a major distributor. 1362:List of avocado diseases 1059:Norte Chico civilization 773:evolutionary anachronism 682: 678:Pollen grains of avocado 455:Persea paucitriplinervia 32:Avocado (disambiguation) 7037:7 November 2006 at the 6918:Thomas E. Weil (1969). 6766:Journal of Food Science 6699:10.1161/jaha.121.024014 5091:"The Avocado in Hawaii" 4864:Nebraska Anthropologist 4719:Oxford University Press 4487:3 December 2016 at the 4178:Barlow, Connie (2001). 3946:Dilip Nandwani (2014). 3690:10.1111/1746-692x.12289 3519:10.1073/pnas.1822129116 3094:is sometimes added. In 2810:cardiovascular diseases 2671:US recommendations 2106: 1478:Carpinteria, California 1397:Cultivation by location 1373:, avocado plant flowers 1191:Harvest and postharvest 1162:Water Footprint Network 963: 957: 949:. In Portuguese, it is 886: 871: 859:comes from the Spanish 687:The avocado fruit is a 6953:Diana Kennedy (2010). 6603:Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 6086:The Sunday Independent 5302:. 2007. Archived from 5296:"Agriculture Handbook" 5155:. 2019. Archived from 5010:10.1126/sciadv.1602778 3978:www.extento.hawaii.edu 3468:Storey, W. B. (1973). 3226:List of avocado dishes 3178: 2822:List of avocado dishes 2675:the National Academies 2005: 1664: 1631: 1374: 1341: 1321:Phytophthora cinnamomi 1301: 1293: 1233: 1137: 1080: 969: 951: 935: 909: 903: 861: 679: 671: 567:Mediterranean climates 6469:10.1002/nt.2620030504 6385:Appleman, D. (1944). 6338:Better Health Channel 5782:"Avocado Annual 2018" 5557:. CABI. p. 232. 5331:University of Florida 4501:Dakin, Karen (1982). 4203:Smith, K. Annabelle. 3429:10.1093/jhered/esn068 3172: 2260:Vitamins and minerals 1999: 1942:of the United Nations 1662: 1629: 1470:Fallbrook, California 1402:Cultivation in Mexico 1387:pyriform scale insect 1369: 1339: 1299: 1291: 1231: 1218:Escondido, California 1132: 1118:popularized the term 1114:until 1915, when the 1071: 813:Pleistocene megafauna 677: 669: 7859:Tropical agriculture 7017:9 March 2021 at the 6846:on 21 September 2015 5902:on 13 September 2008 4958:Schaffer, B (2013). 4831:Hong Kong Free Press 4209:Smithsonian Magazine 4031:. CABI. p. 30. 3325:Avocados From Mexico 3100:confectioner's sugar 3043:; and in slices for 2015:free trade agreement 1749:was later awarded a 1585:create a new article 1577:improve this article 1567:may not represent a 1524:Petorca water crisis 1518:Cultivation in Chile 1300:Young avocado sprout 1155:Gainesville, Florida 877:[aːˈwakat͡ɬ] 316:Cham. & Schltdl. 7834:Trees of Costa Rica 7127:Western-style sushi 6344:on 27 December 2011 6088:, 10 December 2017. 5927:, 7 September 2003. 5585:on 23 February 2014 5487:. 11 November 2017. 5306:on 17 December 2007 5049:on 15 December 2007 5002:2017SciA....3E2778D 4756:on 14 February 2017 4717:(Online ed.). 4387:on 25 December 2007 4130:1982Sci...215...19J 3894:2022PLoSO..1761976G 3793:2021IJSDW..28..744K 3510:2019PNAS..11617081R 3504:(34): 17081–17089. 3416:Journal of Heredity 3389:"What's in a name?" 3104:orange flower water 2903:("maki", or rolled 2828:monounsaturated fat 2749:monounsaturated fat 2699:(such as 28% DV in 2382:Pantothenic acid (B 2118: 2067:Toxicity to animals 1696:Saticoy, California 1663:Two 'Hass' avocados 1499:Cultivation in Peru 1463:Southern California 1033:) and West Indian ( 789:giant ground sloths 735:, 5–6.4 cm (2– 569:of many countries. 513:). It is native to 473:Persea steyermarkii 84:Conservation status 7854:Trees of Nicaragua 7839:Trees of Guatemala 7112:Deep-fried avocado 6865:Lim T. K. (2012). 6823:. 20 October 2015. 6116:on 25 January 2014 5995:Avocados Australia 5988:"Talking avocados" 5780:Gonzalez, Sergio. 5744:. 23 October 2014. 5718:on 3 February 2014 5467:Nichols, Jennifer 5374:on 25 January 2014 3857:on 26 January 2022 3361:Morton JF (1987). 3299:World Flora Online 3179: 3137:treacle (a liquid 2866:vegetarian cuisine 2855:enzymatic browning 2616:Other constituents 2116: 2023:Dominican Republic 2006: 1989:due to its longer 1959:Dominican Republic 1862:Dominican Republic 1737:Tamborine Mountain 1665: 1632: 1375: 1356:Pests and diseases 1342: 1302: 1294: 1234: 1138: 1110:and in Florida as 1081: 771:is regarded as an 758:selective breeding 680: 672: 77:grown in Colombia 7844:Trees of Honduras 7781: 7780: 7678:Open Tree of Life 7285:Taxon identifiers 7276: 7275: 6966:978-0-292-72266-8 6878:978-94-007-2534-8 6750:978-0-85199-638-7 6563:978-0-309-48834-1 5937:POPENOE, WILSON. 5925:Los Angeles Times 5853:Los Angeles Times 5822:edis.ifas.ufl.edu 5803:Fruits From Chile 5761:. 10 January 2019 5759:Produce Blue Book 5632:New York magazine 5564:978-0-85199-976-0 5530:(pyriform scale)" 5275:Los Angeles Times 5190:. 25 January 2019 5159:on 7 October 2019 5130:Hessong, Athena. 4969:978-1-84593-701-0 4814:on 21 April 2010. 4725:(Subscription or 4516:978-968-5802-92-5 4468:978-3-319-06903-6 4373:"Avocado History" 4310:978-0-465-00551-2 4189:978-0-465-00551-2 4092:978-3-642-20447-0 4065:978-0-19-026658-5 4011:978-0-85709-276-2 3959:978-3-319-06904-3 3374:978-0-9610184-1-2 3321:"Avocado History" 3243:Explanatory notes 3236:Recalcitrant seed 3231:Plant propagation 3082:, Tamil Nadu and 2695:, DV) of several 2681: 2680: 2606: 2605: 2050:Some people have 2030:COVID-19 pandemic 1971:COVID-19 pandemic 1947: 1946: 1943: 1778:Stoneless avocado 1613: 1612: 1605: 1587:, as appropriate. 1260:, as well as the 985:Originating as a 485: 484: 411:Persea gratissima 398:Persea gratissima 385:Persea gratissima 370:Persea gratissima 357:Persea gratissima 348:Persea gratissima 312:Persea drymifolia 214:P. americana 107: 73:Halved and whole 16:(Redirected from 7876: 7774: 7773: 7761: 7760: 7748: 7747: 7735: 7734: 7722: 7721: 7709: 7708: 7696: 7695: 7693:Persea_americana 7686: 7685: 7673: 7672: 7660: 7659: 7647: 7646: 7637: 7636: 7624: 7623: 7621:NHMSYS0000461590 7611: 7610: 7598: 7597: 7585: 7584: 7572: 7571: 7559: 7558: 7546: 7545: 7533: 7532: 7523: 7522: 7510: 7509: 7497: 7496: 7484: 7483: 7471: 7470: 7468:Persea americana 7458: 7457: 7445: 7444: 7432: 7431: 7419: 7418: 7406: 7405: 7393: 7392: 7383: 7382: 7373: 7372: 7370:Persea_americana 7360: 7359: 7347: 7346: 7337: 7336: 7327: 7326: 7325: 7323:Persea americana 7312: 7311: 7310: 7293:Persea americana 7280: 7279: 7266: 7265: 7256: 7255: 7069: 7062: 7055: 7046: 7045: 7031:Persea americana 7029:Avocados beyond 7001: 6971: 6970: 6950: 6944: 6943: 6942:on 21 July 2020. 6938:. Archived from 6915: 6909: 6908: 6906: 6904: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6862: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6831: 6825: 6824: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6791: 6782: 6781: 6761: 6755: 6754: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6719: 6701: 6677: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6652: 6637: 6636: 6626: 6594: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6495: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6391: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6360: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6340:. Archived from 6330: 6324: 6323: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6264: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6237: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6209: 6201: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6173: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6141: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6115: 6109:. Archived from 6104: 6095: 6089: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6063: 6048: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6002: 5992: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5973: 5963:"FUERTE AVOCADO" 5959: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5943: 5934: 5928: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5907: 5880: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5844: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5777: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5752: 5746: 5745: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5708: 5702: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5686: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5655: 5649: 5648: 5641: 5635: 5628: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5481: 5475: 5465: 5459: 5455: 5449: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5399: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5373: 5367:. Archived from 5362: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5197: 5195: 5180: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5145: 5139: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5021: 4990:Science Advances 4980: 4974: 4973: 4955: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4903:(2): 325–334, . 4894: 4888:Persea americana 4881: 4872: 4871: 4855: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4740: 4731: 4730: 4722: 4710: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4663: 4657: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4569: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4498: 4492: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4446: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4423:: self-published 4408: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4369: 4360: 4359: 4349: 4328:Persea americana 4321: 4315: 4314: 4294: 4288: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4248: 4239: 4238: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4175: 4166: 4165: 4115: 4106: 4097: 4096: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4022: 4016: 4015: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3943: 3934: 3933: 3923: 3905: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3843: 3837: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3804: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3756:. 24 August 2017 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3669: 3658: 3657: 3647: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3581: 3568: 3567: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3539: 3521: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3465: 3456: 3455: 3448: 3442: 3441: 3431: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3358: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3293:Persea americana 3287: 3281: 3273: 3256: 3253: 3183:Persea americana 3004: 2992: 2981:Indonesian-style 2977: 2962: 2948: 2928: 2916: 2895:California rolls 2792:(palmitic acid). 2701:pantothenic acid 2493: 2418: 2402: 2385: 2368: 2351: 2334: 2296:Vitamin A equiv. 2289: 2256: 2255: 2119: 2115: 2071:Avocado leaves, 1937: 1914: 1912: 1911: 1896: 1894: 1893: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1860: 1858: 1857: 1842: 1840: 1839: 1824: 1822: 1821: 1797: 1796: 1748: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1706: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1608: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1588: 1560: 1559: 1552: 1528:Laguna de Aculeo 1455:Central American 1209:room temperature 1197:Biennial bearing 1134:Persea americana 1043:Florentine Codex 1021:in the state of 999: 998: 974: 966: 960: 954: 948: 938: 912: 906: 889: 879: 874: 864: 828: 825: 801:Daniel H. Janzen 775:, having likely 769:Persea americana 749: in) long. 748: 747: 743: 740: 730: 729: 725: 722: 716: 715: 711: 708: 691:, single-seeded 658: 657: 653: 648: 647: 643: 628:Persea americana 575:leading producer 557:, and are often 555:self-pollinating 502:Persea americana 478: 469: 460: 451: 438: 429: 420: 407: 394: 381: 366: 353: 344: 335: 326: 317: 308: 299:Persea americana 295: 286:Persea americana 282: 273:Persea americana 269: 258: 234: 232:Persea americana 122: 121: 101: 96: 95: 68: 51: 39: 38: 21: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7878: 7877: 7875: 7874: 7873: 7829:Trees of Belize 7784: 7783: 7782: 7777: 7769: 7764: 7756: 7751: 7743: 7738: 7730: 7725: 7717: 7712: 7704: 7699: 7691: 7689: 7681: 7676: 7668: 7665:Observation.org 7663: 7655: 7650: 7642: 7640: 7632: 7627: 7619: 7614: 7606: 7601: 7593: 7588: 7580: 7575: 7567: 7562: 7554: 7549: 7541: 7536: 7528: 7526: 7518: 7513: 7505: 7500: 7492: 7487: 7479: 7474: 7466: 7461: 7453: 7448: 7440: 7435: 7427: 7422: 7414: 7409: 7401: 7396: 7388: 7386: 7378: 7376: 7368: 7363: 7355: 7350: 7342: 7340: 7332: 7330: 7321: 7320: 7315: 7306: 7305: 7300: 7287: 7277: 7272: 7244: 7218: 7148: 7132:California roll 7078: 7073: 7039:Wayback Machine 7019:Wayback Machine 7008: 6998: 6980: 6978:Further reading 6975: 6974: 6967: 6951: 6947: 6916: 6912: 6902: 6900: 6890: 6886: 6879: 6863: 6859: 6849: 6847: 6832: 6828: 6819: 6818: 6814: 6804: 6802: 6792: 6785: 6762: 6758: 6751: 6737: 6733: 6678: 6671: 6661: 6659: 6654: 6653: 6640: 6595: 6591: 6581: 6579: 6564: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6531: 6513: 6509: 6499: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6488: 6484: 6452: 6448: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6420: 6418: 6409: 6408: 6404: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6383: 6379: 6369: 6367: 6362: 6361: 6357: 6347: 6345: 6334:"Latex allergy" 6332: 6331: 6327: 6288: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6265: 6256: 6246: 6244: 6239: 6238: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6193: 6183: 6181: 6174: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6139: 6133: 6129: 6119: 6117: 6113: 6102: 6096: 6092: 6081: 6077: 6067: 6065: 6064:on 30 July 2013 6061: 6046: 6040: 6036: 6026: 6024: 6015: 6014: 6010: 6000: 5998: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5981: 5971: 5969: 5961: 5960: 5956: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5935: 5931: 5919: 5915: 5905: 5903: 5882: 5881: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5845: 5841: 5831: 5829: 5814: 5810: 5797: 5796: 5792: 5784: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5762: 5754: 5753: 5749: 5736: 5735: 5731: 5721: 5719: 5710: 5709: 5705: 5695: 5693: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5675: 5671: 5670: 5666: 5657: 5656: 5652: 5643: 5642: 5638: 5629: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5577: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5549: 5545: 5535: 5533: 5524: 5523: 5519: 5509: 5507: 5506:on 21 June 2018 5496: 5492: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5466: 5462: 5456: 5452: 5440: 5436: 5425: 5421: 5411: 5409: 5397: 5391: 5387: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5360: 5354: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5323: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5277: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5242: 5241: 5237: 5227: 5225: 5210: 5206: 5193: 5191: 5182: 5181: 5172: 5162: 5160: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5129: 5125: 5106: 5102: 5087: 5083: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5039: 5035: 4996:(5): e1602778. 4981: 4977: 4970: 4956: 4939: 4931: 4892: 4882: 4875: 4856: 4845: 4835: 4833: 4823: 4819: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4742: 4741: 4734: 4724: 4704: 4700: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4650: 4646: 4636: 4634: 4632:Merriam-Webster 4626: 4625: 4621: 4614:Nahuatl Studies 4606: 4602: 4587: 4583: 4567: 4561: 4557: 4536: 4532: 4517: 4499: 4495: 4489:Wayback Machine 4480: 4476: 4469: 4447: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4409: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4381:Bloomington, CA 4371: 4370: 4363: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4295: 4291: 4285:Natural History 4282: 4278: 4249: 4242: 4231: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4213:The Smithsonian 4201: 4197: 4190: 4176: 4169: 4113: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4077: 4073: 4066: 4050: 4046: 4039: 4023: 4019: 4012: 3996: 3992: 3982: 3980: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3960: 3944: 3937: 3888:(1): e0261976. 3874: 3870: 3860: 3858: 3845: 3844: 3840: 3830: 3826: 3773: 3769: 3759: 3757: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3733: 3731: 3730:on 28 July 2022 3718: 3717: 3713: 3670: 3661: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3571: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3489: 3485: 3466: 3459: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3408: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3359: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3304: 3302: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3199: 3167: 3092:Chocolate syrup 3015: 3008: 3005: 2996: 2993: 2984: 2978: 2969: 2963: 2954: 2949: 2940: 2929: 2920: 2917: 2824: 2818: 2802: 2741: 2739:Fat composition 2664: 2659: 2646:Beta-sitosterol 2597: 2584: 2571: 2558: 2545: 2532: 2519: 2506: 2494: 2464: 2451: 2438: 2425: 2416: 2408: 2400: 2392: 2383: 2375: 2366: 2358: 2349: 2341: 2332: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2302: 2290: 2261: 2250: 2245: 2222:Polyunsaturated 2212:Monounsaturated 2196: 2191: 2152: 2147: 2114: 2109: 2093:colic in horses 2069: 2048: 2043: 2019:free trade zone 2011: 1909: 1907: 1891: 1889: 1873: 1871: 1855: 1853: 1837: 1835: 1819: 1817: 1795: 1789: 1780: 1772:horticulturists 1764: 1762:Other cultivars 1744: 1722: 1715:by 13 ft). 1711: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1647: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1618: 1609: 1598: 1592: 1589: 1574: 1561: 1557: 1550: 1530: 1520: 1501: 1447: 1439:blood guacamole 1410: 1404: 1399: 1364: 1358: 1334: 1332:As a houseplant 1286: 1226: 1193: 1169:water shortages 1127: 1055:Tehuacan Valley 1019:Tehuacan Valley 1015: 1010: 943:-derived word, 931: 869:(Mexican) word 853: 826: 766: 745: 741: 738: 736: 727: 723: 720: 718: 713: 709: 706: 704: 685: 655: 651: 650: 645: 641: 640: 636: 625: 609:organized crime 573:is the world's 481: 476: 475: 467: 466: 458: 457: 449: 448: 442:Persea nubigena 436: 435: 433:Persea nubigena 427: 426: 424:Persea leiogyna 418: 417: 405: 404: 392: 391: 377: 376: 364: 363: 351: 350: 342: 341: 339:Persea gigantea 333: 332: 330:Persea floccosa 324: 323: 315: 314: 306: 305: 293: 292: 280: 279: 267: 266: 260: 259: 256: 241: 236: 230: 217: 116: 108: 97: 93: 86: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7882: 7872: 7871: 7866: 7864:Tropical fruit 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7775: 7771:wfo-0000465160 7762: 7749: 7736: 7723: 7710: 7697: 7687: 7674: 7661: 7648: 7638: 7625: 7612: 7599: 7586: 7573: 7560: 7547: 7534: 7524: 7511: 7498: 7485: 7472: 7459: 7446: 7433: 7420: 7407: 7394: 7384: 7374: 7361: 7348: 7338: 7328: 7313: 7297: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7268:Avocado dishes 7260: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7226: 7224: 7223:Related topics 7220: 7219: 7217: 7216: 7215: 7214: 7209: 7199: 7198: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7162: 7156: 7154: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7146: 7145: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7088: 7086: 7084:Culinary usage 7080: 7079: 7072: 7071: 7064: 7057: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7026: 7021: 7007: 7006:External links 7004: 7003: 7002: 6996: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6965: 6945: 6910: 6884: 6877: 6857: 6840:Dining Chicago 6826: 6812: 6783: 6772:(4): 478–482. 6756: 6749: 6731: 6692:(7): e024014. 6669: 6638: 6609:(7): 738–750. 6589: 6562: 6541: 6507: 6482: 6463:(5): 344–349. 6457:Natural Toxins 6446: 6428: 6402: 6377: 6355: 6325: 6298:(4): 404–410. 6282: 6254: 6221: 6191: 6161: 6127: 6090: 6075: 6034: 6021:Hamersley News 6008: 5979: 5954: 5929: 5913: 5870: 5839: 5808: 5790: 5772: 5747: 5742:freshplaza.com 5729: 5703: 5681: 5664: 5650: 5636: 5618: 5596: 5570: 5563: 5543: 5517: 5490: 5476: 5460: 5450: 5441:Hughes, Megan 5434: 5419: 5385: 5348: 5317: 5287: 5261: 5235: 5204: 5170: 5140: 5123: 5100: 5081: 5060: 5033: 4975: 4968: 4937: 4886:"The avocado ( 4873: 4843: 4817: 4793: 4782:. 31 July 2022 4767: 4732: 4698: 4678: 4658: 4644: 4619: 4600: 4581: 4555: 4530: 4515: 4493: 4474: 4467: 4434: 4398: 4377:IndexFresh.com 4361: 4316: 4309: 4289: 4276: 4240: 4237:. HuffPost UK. 4225: 4195: 4188: 4167: 4098: 4091: 4071: 4064: 4044: 4038:978-0851999784 4037: 4017: 4010: 3990: 3965: 3958: 3935: 3868: 3838: 3824: 3787:(8): 744–758. 3767: 3741: 3711: 3659: 3622:(7): 738–750. 3602: 3569: 3551: 3483: 3457: 3443: 3402: 3380: 3373: 3338: 3312: 3282: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3211: 3206: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3166: 3163: 3014: 3011: 3010: 3009: 3006: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2987: 2985: 2979: 2972: 2970: 2964: 2957: 2955: 2950: 2943: 2941: 2937:tortilla chips 2930: 2923: 2921: 2919:Sliced avocado 2918: 2911: 2881:corn tortillas 2817: 2814: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2774: 2767: 2756: 2740: 2737: 2679: 2678: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2488: 2483: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2460: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2421: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2404: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2388: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2371: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2354: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2337: 2327: 2326: 2323: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2311: 2303: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2279: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2239: 2236: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2208: 2207: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2178: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2068: 2065: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2010: 2007: 1945: 1944: 1934: 1933: 1928: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1832: 1831: 1828: 1814: 1813: 1806: 1802: 1801: 1791:Main article: 1788: 1785: 1779: 1776: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1733: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1699: 1692: 1686: 1680: 1652: 1635: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1571:of the subject 1569:worldwide view 1564: 1562: 1555: 1549: 1546: 1519: 1516: 1505:European Union 1500: 1497: 1493:Calavo Growers 1446: 1443: 1406:Main article: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1360:Main article: 1357: 1354: 1333: 1330: 1285: 1282: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1262:Volcani Centre 1238:self-pollinate 1225: 1222: 1192: 1189: 1185:water disputes 1126: 1123: 1112:alligator pear 1063:Caballo Muerto 1051:Coxcatlan Cave 1035:tlacacolaocatl 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 955:. The Nahuatl 930: 929:Regional names 927: 923:alligator pear 852: 849: 809:seed dispersal 765: 762: 684: 681: 670:Avocado flower 635: 632: 624: 621: 535:alligator pear 493:alligator pear 483: 482: 480: 479: 470: 468:(L.) Cockerell 461: 452: 439: 430: 421: 408: 395: 382: 367: 354: 345: 336: 327: 318: 309: 296: 283: 270: 255: 254: 253: 250: 249: 243: 242: 237: 226: 225: 219: 218: 211: 209: 205: 204: 197: 193: 192: 187: 183: 182: 177: 173: 172: 167: 160: 159: 154: 147: 146: 141: 134: 133: 128: 124: 123: 110: 109: 91: 88: 87: 82: 79: 78: 70: 69: 61: 60: 58:Réunion island 53: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7881: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7772: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7688: 7684: 7679: 7675: 7671: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7653: 7649: 7645: 7639: 7635: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7525: 7521: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7490: 7486: 7482: 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5794: 5783: 5776: 5760: 5757: 5751: 5743: 5739: 5733: 5717: 5713: 5707: 5691: 5685: 5674: 5668: 5660: 5659:"The Avocado" 5654: 5646: 5640: 5633: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5606: 5600: 5584: 5580: 5574: 5566: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5547: 5531: 5529: 5521: 5505: 5501: 5494: 5486: 5480: 5473: 5470: 5464: 5454: 5447: 5444: 5438: 5430: 5423: 5407: 5403: 5396: 5389: 5370: 5366: 5359: 5352: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5321: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5291: 5276: 5272: 5265: 5249: 5245: 5239: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5208: 5201: 5189: 5185: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5144: 5137: 5133: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5104: 5096: 5092: 5085: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5064: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5029: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4979: 4971: 4965: 4961: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4889: 4880: 4878: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4832: 4828: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4797: 4781: 4777: 4771: 4755: 4751: 4750: 4745: 4739: 4737: 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3816: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3771: 3755: 3754:MSU Extension 3751: 3745: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3655: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3606: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3565: 3561: 3555: 3547: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3487: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3464: 3462: 3453: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3406: 3390: 3384: 3376: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3327:. 18 May 2017 3326: 3322: 3316: 3300: 3296: 3294: 3286: 3279: 3272: 3268: 3252: 3248: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3216: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3201: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3176: 3171: 3162: 3159: 3154: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3143:jaggery palms 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3033: 3028: 3027: 3022: 3021: 3013:International 3003: 2998: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2956: 2953: 2952:Avocado toast 2947: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2927: 2922: 2915: 2910: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2896: 2892: 2891: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2867: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2797: 2791: 2790:saturated fat 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2772: 2771:saturated fat 2768: 2765: 2764:linoleic acid 2761: 2760:palmitic acid 2757: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2685:carbohydrates 2676: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2601: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2435: 2433: 2429: 2422: 2420: 2412: 2405: 2403: 2396: 2389: 2387: 2379: 2372: 2370: 2362: 2355: 2353: 2348:Riboflavin (B 2345: 2338: 2336: 2328: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2301: 2300:beta-Carotene 2297: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2257: 2253: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2169: 2168:Dietary fiber 2165: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2149: 2146: 2145: 2144:Carbohydrates 2139: 2135: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2117:Avocados, raw 2104: 2102: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2083: 2078: 2074: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2057:latex allergy 2053: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1976:In 2018, the 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1919: 1917: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1899: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1881: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1863: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1845: 1834: 1833: 1829: 1827: 1816: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1784: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1661: 1656: 1653: 1636: 1628: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1607: 1604: 1596: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1572: 1570: 1563: 1554: 1553: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1536: 1529: 1525: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1409: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1338: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1322: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1298: 1290: 1281: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1230: 1221: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1181:deforestation 1178: 1177:socioeconomic 1174: 1170: 1165: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1135: 1131: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1078: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1005: 1002: 1000: 992: 988: 983: 981: 976: 973: 972: 965: 959: 953: 947: 942: 937: 926: 924: 920: 916: 911: 905: 899: 897: 893: 888: 883: 882:proto-Aztecan 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 848: 846: 842: 838: 834: 833: 821: 816: 814: 810: 806: 805:ground sloths 802: 797: 794: 790: 786: 785:South America 782: 778: 774: 770: 761: 759: 755: 750: 734: 702: 698: 694: 690: 676: 668: 664: 662: 631: 629: 620: 619:and drought. 618: 614: 610: 606: 605:deforestation 602: 601:externalities 598: 594: 590: 585: 583: 578: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 503: 498: 494: 490: 474: 471: 465: 464:Persea persea 462: 456: 453: 450:L.O. Williams 447: 446:guatemalensis 443: 440: 437:L.O. Williams 434: 431: 425: 422: 416: 412: 409: 403: 399: 396: 390: 386: 383: 380: 375: 371: 368: 362: 358: 355: 349: 346: 343:L.O. Williams 340: 337: 331: 328: 322: 321:Persea edulis 319: 313: 310: 304: 300: 297: 291: 287: 284: 278: 274: 271: 265: 264:Laurus persea 262: 261: 251: 248: 244: 240: 235: 233: 227: 224: 223:Binomial name 220: 216: 215: 210: 207: 206: 203: 202: 198: 195: 194: 191: 188: 185: 184: 181: 178: 175: 174: 171: 168: 165: 162: 161: 158: 155: 152: 149: 148: 145: 144:Tracheophytes 142: 139: 136: 135: 132: 129: 126: 125: 120: 115: 111: 105: 100: 99:Least Concern 89: 85: 80: 76: 75:Hass avocados 71: 67: 62: 59: 54: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 7292: 7142:Seattle roll 7137:Rainbow roll 7102:Avocado soup 7075: 7030: 6986: 6955: 6948: 6940:the original 6927: 6923: 6913: 6901:. Retrieved 6898:The Guardian 6897: 6887: 6867: 6860: 6848:. Retrieved 6844:the original 6839: 6829: 6815: 6803:. 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Retrieved 3298: 3292: 3285: 3271: 3251: 3213: 3186: 3182: 3180: 3155: 3134: 3118: 3108: 3061: 3053: 3049:Caesar salad 3030: 3024: 3018: 3016: 2898: 2888: 2885:avocado soup 2874: 2870: 2863: 2852: 2844:cooking oils 2825: 2803: 2795: 2742: 2721:phytosterols 2682: 2620: 2615: 2490: 2485: 2478: 2286: 2281: 2274: 2240: 2186: 2142: 2101:P. americana 2100: 2098: 2086: 2070: 2049: 2034:supply chain 2027: 2012: 1987:Hass variety 1975: 1948: 1930: 1925: 1781: 1765: 1669:Rudolph Hass 1599: 1590: 1566: 1534: 1531: 1513: 1502: 1482: 1467: 1448: 1438: 1431:drug cartels 1411: 1390: 1376: 1371:P. americana 1370: 1343: 1326: 1319: 1303: 1278: 1266: 1235: 1201: 1194: 1166: 1159: 1139: 1133: 1125:Requirements 1119: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1082: 1076: 1047: 1034: 1030: 1029:), Mexican ( 1026: 1016: 1003: 994: 984: 980:avocado pear 979: 977: 932: 922: 919:avocado pear 918: 915:avogato pear 914: 900: 895: 856: 854: 840: 839:in his work 830: 817: 798: 768: 767: 751: 686: 637: 627: 626: 603:, including 586: 579: 539:avocado pear 538: 534: 515:the Americas 501: 500: 497:avocado pear 496: 492: 488: 486: 472: 463: 454: 445: 441: 432: 423: 414: 410: 401: 397: 388: 384: 373: 369: 360: 356: 347: 338: 329: 320: 311: 302: 298: 289: 285: 277:angustifolia 276: 272: 263: 231: 229: 213: 212: 200: 163: 150: 137: 36: 7819:Fruit trees 7706:kew-2529835 7603:NatureServe 7515:iNaturalist 7317:Wikispecies 7202:By location 7153:Cultivation 7092:Avocado oil 6800:Interaksyon 6500:26 February 6421:29 December 6370:14 February 6348:26 December 5972:28 February 5967:Cook's Info 5888:Avocado.org 5536:26 February 5341:29 December 5310:29 December 5228:29 December 5153:Danwatch.dk 5053:29 December 4760:14 February 4708:"guacamole" 4572:Mål og Mæle 4421:Newberg, OR 4391:29 December 4218:14 February 3678:EuroChoices 3158:Sainsbury's 3064:Philippines 2836:avocado oil 2832:smoke point 2804:In 2022, a 2784:, 71% 2780:, 14% 2725:carotenoids 2693:Daily Value 2331:Thiamine (B 2075:, skin, or 2028:During the 1741:portmanteau 1720:B cultivars 1622:'Choquette' 1616:A cultivars 1541:groundwater 1254:pollination 1240:because of 1204:climacteric 1142:subtropical 1027:quilaoacatl 1008:Cultivation 964:ahuacamolli 845:Hans Sloane 827: 1470 793:gomphothere 760:by humans. 756:because of 689:climacteric 623:Description 519:Mesoamerica 374:macrophylla 352:C.F.Gaertn. 157:Angiosperms 7788:Categories 7701:Plant List 7387:Calflora: 6247:5 February 6027:16 January 6001:16 January 5892:Irvine, CA 5863:10 January 5832:10 January 5799:"Avocados" 5765:3 February 5722:1 February 5611:1 February 5589:1 February 5120:(1): 3–24. 5072:avocado". 4836:31 October 4729:required.) 4667:"aguacate" 4578:(3): 9–12. 3724:Vox Nature 3263:References 3187:drymifolia 3037:hamburgers 2897:and other 2820:See also: 2753:oleic acid 2733:zeaxanthin 2727:, such as 2697:B vitamins 2552:Phosphorus 2308:zeaxanthin 1991:shelf life 1787:Production 1522:See also: 1346:houseplant 1307:rootstocks 787:, notably 617:heat waves 597:California 559:propagated 547:polyploidy 531:Costa Rica 523:oily fruit 477:C.K. Allen 361:drimyfolia 290:drymifolia 170:Magnoliids 7481:200009046 7455:200009046 7175:Choquette 7165:Cultivars 7122:Guacamole 6936:0892-8541 6903:3 October 6805:1 January 6708:2047-9980 6437:"Avocado" 6395:9 October 6150:: 113–116 6068:19 August 5408:: 113–116 5163:7 October 4807:The Hindu 4340:: 77–88. 4146:0036-8075 3912:1932-6203 3819:233607375 3811:1350-4509 3706:230594487 3698:1478-0917 3636:1040-8398 3528:0027-8424 3221:Guacamole 3131:Sri Lanka 3088:ice cream 3084:Karnataka 3072:Indonesia 3057:Argentina 3032:parrillas 2933:guacamole 2900:makizushi 2877:guacamole 2717:potassium 2713:vitamin E 2709:vitamin C 2705:vitamin K 2687:, and 2% 2565:Potassium 2539:Manganese 2526:Magnesium 2458:Vitamin K 2445:Vitamin E 2432:Vitamin C 2415:Folate (B 2399:Vitamin B 2365:Niacin (B 2202:Saturated 2112:Nutrition 2061:urticaria 2046:Allergies 1983:Michoacán 1967:Indonesia 1898:Indonesia 1581:talk page 1548:Cultivars 1459:cash crop 1451:Nicaragua 1413:most are 1250:mutations 1242:dichogamy 1173:Michoacán 1098:The name 1089:Chan Chan 1039:landraces 975:derives. 971:guacamole 855:The word 851:Etymology 781:megafauna 777:coevolved 527:Guatemala 511:Lauraceae 507:evergreen 208:Species: 190:Lauraceae 127:Kingdom: 7758:17801262 7753:Tropicos 7690:PalDat: 7608:2.140276 7582:96986556 7556:11326304 7543:467921-1 7377:BioLib: 7302:Wikidata 7160:Diseases 7076:Avocados 7035:Archived 7015:Archived 6990:. CABI. 6924:Pamphlet 6726:35352568 6662:17 April 6633:23638933 6576:Archived 6572:30844154 6534:28 March 6528:Archived 6518:(2024). 6415:Archived 6320:27995880 6275:27 March 6214:23 April 6184:27 March 5857:Archived 5826:Archived 5696:15 April 5472:ABC News 5446:ABC News 5335:Archived 5248:Archived 5222:Archived 5194:11 April 5028:28560337 4929:Archived 4917:41761865 4786:21 March 4550:11400907 4525:10216962 4485:Archived 4162:19296719 4154:17790450 3983:21 March 3930:35081123 3882:PLOS ONE 3861:26 April 3760:26 April 3734:26 April 3654:23638933 3546:31387975 3480:: 70–71. 3438:18779226 3395:27 March 3197:See also 3111:Ethiopia 3041:hot dogs 3026:tequeños 2816:Culinary 2800:Research 2755:(table). 2636:Fluoride 2621:Quantity 2546:0.142 mg 2486:Quantity 2480:Minerals 2409:0.257 mg 2393:1.389 mg 2376:1.738 mg 2342:0.067 mg 2282:Quantity 2276:Vitamins 2052:allergic 2041:Toxicity 1955:Colombia 1938:Source: 1844:Colombia 1805:Country 1768:'Spinks' 1726:'Fuerte' 1689:'Maluma' 1677:root rot 1634:growing. 1593:May 2022 1575:You may 1537:magazine 1535:New York 1487:and the 1311:layering 1246:grafting 1224:Breeding 1213:ethylene 1151:cultivar 1120:avocado. 1108:ahuacate 1087:city of 958:āhuacatl 936:aguacate 917:, later 904:aguacate 896:compañón 872:āhuacatl 862:aguacate 791:and the 764:Taxonomy 697:endocarp 661:perianth 582:cultivar 563:grafting 561:through 505:) is an 415:vulgaris 303:nubigena 257:synonymy 247:Synonyms 186:Family: 180:Laurales 104:IUCN 3.1 42:Avocado 18:Avocados 7799:Avocado 7590:MoBotPF 7494:3034046 7411:Ecocrop 7258:Avocado 7230:AvoDerm 7170:Brogden 6850:20 June 6717:9075418 6624:3664913 6582:21 June 6477:8581318 6312:9188921 6292:Allergy 5947:1 March 5510:20 June 5136:SF Gate 5019:5443642 4998:Bibcode 4925:9998040 4687:"palta" 4637:7 April 4616:(Blog). 4356:4545726 4126:Bibcode 4118:Science 3921:8791496 3890:Bibcode 3789:Bibcode 3645:3664913 3537:6708331 3506:Bibcode 3151:cassava 3139:jaggery 3096:Morocco 3076:Vietnam 3062:In the 2689:protein 2630:73.23 g 2598:0.64 mg 2520:0.55 mg 2500:Calcium 2452:2.07 mg 2359:0.13 mg 2242:Protein 2195:14.66 g 1940:FAOSTAT 1730:Atlixco 1710:⁄ 1646:⁄ 1509:equator 1474:Uruapan 1423:Nayarit 1419:Morelos 1104:avogato 1100:avocado 1077:criollo 1072:Native 1031:aoacatl 1013:History 991:clipped 952:abacate 941:Quechua 910:avogato 867:Nahuatl 857:avocado 754:exocarp 744:⁄ 726:⁄ 712:⁄ 654:⁄ 644:⁄ 489:avocado 459:Lundell 402:praecox 389:oblonga 281:Miranda 196:Genus: 176:Order: 131:Plantae 102: ( 7824:Persea 7714:PLANTS 7683:913249 7670:159166 7641:NZOR: 7595:281661 7429:596888 7380:207615 7357:165441 7341:APDB: 7331:AoFP: 7308:Q37153 7207:Mexico 7195:Monroe 7190:Maluma 7117:Féroce 6994: 6963: 6934: 6875: 6747: 6724: 6714: 6706: 6631: 6621: 6570: 6560: 6475: 6318: 6310: 5561: 5532:. CABI 5280:4 June 5254:12 May 5026: 5016: 4966: 4923: 4915: 4595:Snopes 4548: 4523: 4513: 4465: 4427:13 May 4354: 4307: 4263:(42). 4186: 4160: 4152: 4144: 4089: 4062: 4035: 4008: 3956: 3928: 3918: 3910: 3817: 3809: 3704: 3696: 3652: 3642: 3634: 3595:16 May 3544: 3534: 3526: 3436: 3371: 3305:25 May 3175:leaves 3165:Leaves 3080:Kerala 3068:Mexico 3045:celery 3039:, and 3020:pozole 2939:(left) 2890:tortas 2729:lutein 2715:, and 2703:) and 2578:Sodium 2572:485 mg 2324:271 μg 2305:lutein 2226:1.82 g 2216:9.80 g 2206:2.13 g 2162:0.66 g 2158:Sugars 2151:8.53 g 2128:Energy 2089:persin 2009:Market 2004:, 1927 1965:, and 1951:tonnes 1913: 1895: 1877: 1859: 1841: 1826:Mexico 1823: 1810:tonnes 1683:'Lula' 1655:'Hass' 1427:Puebla 1415:México 1383:fungal 1183:, and 1074:Oaxaca 1023:Puebla 993:form, 634:Flower 593:Mexico 571:Mexico 551:hybrid 419:Meisn. 393:Meisn. 379:Meisn. 201:Persea 7745:21291 7719:PEAM3 7652:NZPCN 7569:18154 7551:IRMNG 7530:14162 7527:IPA: 7520:62831 7507:27393 7463:FoAO2 7442:PEBAM 7403:4F97T 7344:48991 6494:(PDF) 6390:(PDF) 6316:S2CID 6208:(PDF) 6140:(PDF) 6114:(PDF) 6103:(PDF) 6062:(PDF) 6047:(PDF) 5991:(PDF) 5942:(PDF) 5785:(PDF) 5676:(PDF) 5458:2018. 5398:(PDF) 5372:(PDF) 5361:(PDF) 5097:(24). 4932:(PDF) 4921:S2CID 4913:JSTOR 4893:(PDF) 4723: 4568:(PDF) 4352:S2CID 4158:S2CID 4114:(PDF) 3815:S2CID 3702:S2CID 3295:Mill" 3191:anise 3185:var. 3147:Haiti 3135:kitul 3127:Ghana 3123:Kenya 3119:Spris 3115:Vimto 2905:sushi 2840:salad 2650:76 mg 2627:Water 2559:52 mg 2533:29 mg 2507:12 mg 2465:21 μg 2439:10 mg 2426:81 μg 2321:62 μg 2172:6.7 g 1926:World 1920:0.32 1916:Kenya 1902:0.61 1884:0.66 1866:0.68 1848:0.88 1830:2.39 1671:, of 1583:, or 1435:pesos 1379:viral 1350:graft 1315:scion 1140:As a 946:palta 890:. 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