749:. A pleasure is disinterested if it is indifferent to the existence of the beautiful object or if it did not arise due to an antecedent desire through means-end reasoning. For example, the joy of looking at a beautiful landscape would still be valuable if it turned out that this experience was an illusion, which would not be true if this joy was due to seeing the landscape as a valuable real estate opportunity. Opponents of hedonism usually concede that many experiences of beauty are pleasurable but deny that this is true for all cases. For example, a cold jaded critic may still be a good judge of beauty due to his years of experience but lack the joy that initially accompanied his work. One way to avoid this objection is to allow responses to beautiful things to lack pleasure while insisting that all beautiful things merit pleasure, that aesthetic pleasure is the only appropriate response to them.
961:
intellect; the
Cyrenaics denied the validity of this distinction and said that bodily pleasures, being more simple and more intense, were preferable. Momentary pleasure, preferably of a physical kind, is the only good for humans. However some actions which give immediate pleasure can create more than their equivalent of pain. The wise person should be in control of pleasures rather than be enslaved to them, otherwise pain will result, and this requires judgement to evaluate the different pleasures of life. Regard should be paid to law and custom, because even though these things have no intrinsic value on their own, violating them will lead to unpleasant penalties being imposed by others. Likewise, friendship and justice are useful because of the pleasure they provide. Thus the Cyrenaics believed in the hedonistic value of social obligation and altruistic behaviour.
586:'s position, who suggests along similar lines that the right thing to do for most people living in developed countries would be to donate a significant portion of their income to charities, which appears overly demanding to many. Singer justifies his position by pointing out that the suffering that can be avoided in third world countries this way considerably outweighs the pleasure gained from how the money would be spent otherwise. Another common objection to utilitarianism is that it disregards the personal nature of moral duties, for example, that it may be more important to promote the happiness of others close to each individual person, such as family and friends, even if the alternative course of actions would result in slightly more happiness for a stranger.
547:
matter and that, through them, humans ought to make the world a better place. On the negative side, consequentialism would entail that humans rarely if ever know right from wrong since human knowledge of the future is rather limited and the consequences of even simple actions may be vast. As a form of hedonism, it has some initial intuitive appeal since pleasure and pain seem to be relevant to how people should act. But it has been argued that it is morally objectionable to see pleasure and pain as the only factors relevant to what humans should do since this position seems to ignore, for example, values of justice, friendship and truth. Ethical hedonism is usually concerned with both pleasure and pain. But the more restricted version in the form of
459:
957:(for instance, that one is having a sweet sensation), but can know nothing about the nature of the objects that cause these sensations (for instance, that honey is sweet). They also denied that people can have knowledge of what the experiences of other people are like. All knowledge is immediate sensation. These sensations are motions that are purely subjective, and are painful, indifferent or pleasant, according as they are violent, tranquil or gentle. Further, they are entirely individual and can in no way be described as constituting absolute objective knowledge. Feeling, therefore, is the only possible criterion of knowledge and of conduct.
521:
explanation for all behavior is highly controversial. Critics point to counterexamples involving actions that seem to have no plausible explanation in terms of pleasure, such as egoistic motives for things other than pleasure (e.g. health, self-improvement, post-mortem fame), and altruistic motives (e.g. pursuing one's child's happiness, sacrificing one's life for a greater cause). Psychological hedonists reinterpret such cases in terms of pleasure-seeking behavior, for example positing that seeing one's children happy or knowing that one's death will have been meaningful brings pleasure to the person sacrificing their immediate pleasure.
1459:
686:. Nozick asks whether people would agree to be permanently transported into a simulated reality more pleasurable than actual life. He thinks that it is rational to decline this offer since other things besides pleasure matter. This has to do with the fact that it matters to be in touch with reality and to actually "make a difference in the world" instead of just appearing to do so since life would be meaningless otherwise. Axiological hedonists have responded to this thought experiment by pointing out that human intuitions about what people should do are mistaken, for example, that there is a
495:
phenomenon. This has been put into question, mainly due to the wide variety of pleasure experiences which seem to have no one shared feature in common. One way open to quality theorists to respond to this objection is by pointing out that the hedonic tone of pleasure-experiences is not a regular quality but a higher-order quality. Attitude theories have an easier way to reply to this argument since they may hold that it is the same type of attitude, often identified with desire, that is common to all pleasurable experiences.
6460:
1388:
696:
things in terms of instrumental values. So, for example, virtue is good because it tends to increase the overall pleasure of the virtuous person or of the people around them. This can be paired with holding that there is a psychological bias to mistake stable instrumental values for intrinsic values, thus explaining the opponent's intuition. While this strategy may work for some cases, it is controversial whether it can be applied to all counterexamples.
650:, hold that the specific content or quality of a pleasure-experience is not relevant to its value, which only depends on its quantitative features: intensity and duration. For example, on this account, an experience of intense pleasure of indulging in food and sex is worth more than an experience of subtle pleasure of looking at fine art or of engaging in a stimulating intellectual conversation. Qualitative hedonists, following
1025:) through knowledge of the workings of the world and the limits of desires. The combination of these two states is supposed to constitute happiness in its highest form. Although Epicureanism is a form of hedonism, insofar as it declares pleasure as the sole intrinsic good, its conception of absence of pain as the greatest pleasure and its advocacy of a simple life make it different from "hedonism" as it is commonly understood.
1029:
1703:. Nozick asks to hypothetically imagine a machine that will allow humans to experience whatever people want—if a person wants to experience making friends, the machine will give this to its user. Nozick claims that by hedonistic logic, people should remain in this machine for the rest of their lives. However, he gives three reasons why this is not a preferable scenario: firstly, because people want to
1472:
1045:. He argued that when eating, one should not eat too richly, for it could lead to dissatisfaction later, such as the grim realization that one could not afford such delicacies in the future. Likewise, sex could lead to increased lust and dissatisfaction with the sexual partner. Epicurus did not articulate a broad system of social ethics that has survived but had a unique version of the
6447:
1624:-inducing accident, studies suggest that we are typically neither more nor less unhappy than we were before the catastrophic event. Unfortunately, attempts to build an ideal society can't overcome this biological ceiling, whether utopias of the left or right, free-market or socialist, religious or secular, futuristic high-tech or simply cultivating one's garden. Even if
904:
1319:) have an easier access to the simpler pleasures; since they do not see other aspects of life, they can simply indulge in their lower pleasures. The more elaborate beings tend to spend more thought on other matters and hence lessen the time for simple pleasure. It is therefore more difficult for them to indulge in such "simple pleasures" in the same manner.
737:. Pure pleasure excludes any form of pain or unpleasant feeling while the experience of mixed pleasure can include unpleasant elements. But beauty can involve mixed pleasure, for example, in the case of a beautifully tragic story, which is why mixed pleasure is usually allowed in aesthetic hedonist conceptions of beauty.
726:, i.e. the issue whether something is beautiful because it is enjoyed or whether it is enjoyed because it is beautiful. Identity theorists solve this problem by denying that there is a difference between beauty and pleasure: they identify beauty, or the appearance of it, with the experience of aesthetic pleasure.
546:
since it determines the rightness of an action based on its consequences, which are measured here in terms of pleasure and pain. As such, it is subject to the main arguments in favor and against consequentialism. On the positive side, these include the intuition that the consequences of human actions
524:
Critics also contend that, via introspection, one can conclude that the pursuit of pleasure is only one type of motivating force among others and that reinterpreting every case in terms of pleasure/pain contradicts this. Critics also contend that psychological hedonism's basic claim of what motivates
512:
theorized that a person's ego was the primary impulse in determining their behavior. Human actions rely on beliefs about what causes pleasure. False beliefs may mislead and thus each person's actions may fail to result in pleasure, but even failed actions are motivated by considerations of pleasure,
490:
try to determine what all these pleasurable experiences have in common, and what is essential to them. They are traditionally divided into quality theories and attitude theories. Quality theories hold that pleasure is a quality of pleasurable experiences themselves while attitude theories state that
1663:
will be able to reprogram their motivations in an arbitrary manner (to get pleasure from any programmed activity). And if pleasure principle postulates are true, then general direction of civilization development is obvious: maximization of integral happiness in posthuman life (product of life span
1610:
abolish suffering, or at least not on its own, is socio-economic reform, or exponential economic growth, or technological progress in the usual sense, or any of the traditional panaceas for solving the world's ills. Improving the external environment is admirable and important; but such improvement
1299:. Bentham believed that the value of a pleasure could be quantitatively understood. Essentially, he believed the value of pleasure to be its intensity multiplied by its duration—so it was not just the number of pleasures, but their intensity and how long they lasted that must be taken into account.
695:
suggests in a famous thought experiment that a world consisting only of a beautiful landscape is better than an ugly and disgusting world even if there is no conscious being to observe and enjoy or suffer either world. One way for the axiological hedonist to respond is to explain the value of these
674:
of intrinsic value or that there are no intrinsically valuable things other than pleasure. Opponents in the first category usually try to point to cases of pleasure that seem to either lack value or have negative value, like sadistic pleasure or pleasure due to a false belief. Qualitative hedonists
494:
The plausibility of the various versions of hedonism is affected by how the nature of pleasure is conceived. An important appeal of most forms of hedonism is that they are able to give a simple and unified account of their respective fields. But this is only possible if pleasure itself is a unified
1633:
enhanced humans will still be prey to the spectrum of
Darwinian emotions, ranging from terrible suffering to petty disappointments and frustrations – sadness, anxiety, jealousy, existential angst. Their biology is part of "what it means to be human". Subjectively unpleasant states of consciousness
1430:
In opposition to the ascetic ideal advocated by the dominant school of thought, hedonism suggests identifying the highest good with your own pleasure and that of others; the one must never be indulged at the expense of sacrificing the other. Obtaining this balance – my pleasure at the same time as
1628:
that traditional futurists have asked for is delivered – eternal youth, unlimited material wealth, morphological freedom, superintelligence, immersive VR, molecular nanotechnology, etc – there is no evidence that our subjective quality of life would on average significantly surpass the quality of
960:
Cyrenaicism deduces a single, universal aim for all people: pleasure. Furthermore, all feeling is momentary and homogeneous; past and future pleasure have no real existence for us, and that among present pleasures there is no distinction of kind. Socrates had spoken of the higher pleasures of the
482:
pain is equally implied in these discussions. Both pleasure and pain come in degrees and have been thought of as a dimension going from positive degrees through a neutral point to negative degrees. The term "happiness" is often used in this tradition to refer to the balance of pleasure over pain.
481:
Pleasure plays a central role in all forms of hedonism; it refers to experience that feels good and involves the enjoyment of something. Pleasure contrasts with pain or suffering, which are forms of feeling bad. Discussions within hedonism usually focus more on pleasure, but as its negative side,
934:
The
Cyrenaics taught that the only intrinsic good is pleasure, which meant not just the absence of pain, but positively enjoyable momentary sensations. Of these, physical ones are stronger than those of anticipation or memory. They did, however, recognize the value of social obligation, and that
1691:
in criticism of pleasure as the sole bearer of value: he imagined two worlds—one of exceeding beauty and the other a heap of filth. Neither of these worlds will be experienced by anyone. The question then is if it is better for the beautiful world to exist than the heap of filth. In this, Moore
690:
to prefer the status quo and that if people were to find out that people had spent human life already within the experience machine, people would be likely to choose to stay within the machine. Another objection within this category is that many things besides pleasure seem valuable to us, like
665:
One appeal of axiological hedonism is that it provides a simple and unified account of what matters. It also reflects the introspective insight that pleasure feels valuable as something worth seeking. It has been influential throughout the history of western philosophy but has received a lot of
1040:
In the
Epicurean view, the highest pleasure (tranquility and freedom from fear) was obtained by knowledge, friendship and living a virtuous and temperate life. He lauded the enjoyment of simple pleasures, by which he meant abstaining from bodily desires, such as sex and appetites, verging on
520:
Psychological hedonism gives a straightforward theory explaining the totality of human behavior. It has intuitive plausibility because pleasure-seeking behavior is a common phenomenon, and may indeed dominate human conduct at times; however, the generalization of psychological hedonism as an
1643:
Russian physicist and philosopher Victor
Argonov argues that hedonism is not only a philosophical but also a verifiable scientific hypothesis. In 2014, he suggested "postulates of pleasure principle," the confirmation of which would lead to a new scientific discipline known as hedodynamics.
485:
In everyday language, the term "pleasure" is primarily associated with sensory pleasures like the enjoyment of food or sex. But in its most general sense, it includes all types of positive or pleasant experiences including the enjoyment of sports, seeing a beautiful sunset or engaging in an
675:
can try to account for these cases by devaluing pleasures associated with the problematic qualities. Other ways to respond to this argument include rejecting the claim that these pleasures really have no or negative intrinsic value or rejecting that these cases involve pleasure at all.
578:", are more respectable in the philosophical community. They hold that the agent should maximize the sum-total of everyone's happiness. This sum-total includes the agent's pleasure as well, but only as one factor among many. A common objection against utilitarianism is that it is too
1193:
My shortest summary of it is: God is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in Him. Or: The chief end of man is to glorify God by enjoying Him forever. Does
Christian Hedonism make a god out of pleasure? No. It says that we all make a god out of what we take most pleasure
1629:
life of our hunter-gatherer ancestors – or a New Guinea tribesman today – in the absence of reward pathway enrichment. This claim is difficult to prove in the absence of sophisticated neuroscanning; but objective indices of psychological distress e.g. suicide rates, bear it out.
634:
to something else. For example, tools like cars or microwaves are said to be instrumentally valuable in virtue of the function they perform, while the happiness they cause is intrinsically valuable. Axiological hedonism is a claim about intrinsic value, not about value at large.
1667:
Many other aspects of posthuman society could be predicted by hedodynamics if the neural correlate of pleasure were discovered. For example, the optimal number of individuals, their optimal body size (whether it matters for happiness or not) and the degree of aggression.
1647:
Hedodynamics would be able to forecast the distant future development of human civilization and even the probable structure and psychology of other rational beings within the universe. In order to build such a theory, science must discover the neural correlate of
1615:
above a genetically constrained ceiling. Twin studies confirm there is a heritable set-point of well-being – or ill-being – around which we all tend to fluctuate over the course of a lifetime. This set-point varies between individuals. It's possible to
533:
Ethical hedonism or normative hedonism, as defined here, is the thesis that considerations of increasing pleasure and decreasing pain determine what people should do or which action is right. However, it is sometimes defined in a wider sense in terms of
1443:
For this, he has "written books on each of these facets of the same world view." His philosophy aims for "micro-revolutions", or "revolutions of the individual and small groups of like-minded people who live by his hedonistic, libertarian values."
712:
or aesthetic value can be defined in terms of pleasure, e.g. that for an object to be beautiful is for it to cause pleasure or that the experience of beauty is always accompanied by pleasure. A prominent articulation of this position comes from
1707:
certain things, as opposed to merely experience them; secondly, people want to be a certain kind of person, as opposed to an 'indeterminate blob' and thirdly, because such a thing would limit their experiences to only what people can imagine.
879:
gave the following advice: "Fill your belly. Day and night make merry. Let days be full of joy. Dance and make music day and night.... These things alone are the concern of men." This may represent the first recorded advocacy of a hedonistic
654:, object to this version on the grounds that it threatens to turn axiological hedonism into a "philosophy of swine". Instead, they argue that the quality is another factor relevant to the value of a pleasure-experience, for example, that the
1634:
exist because they were genetically adaptive. Each of our core emotions had a distinct signalling role in our evolutionary past: they tended to promote behaviours that enhanced the inclusive fitness of our genes in the ancestral environment.
721:
explains this pleasure through a harmonious interplay between the faculties of understanding and imagination. A further question for aesthetic hedonists is how to explain the relation between beauty and pleasure. This problem is akin to the
1239:
argued that hedonism plays a role in
Islamic ethics and teachings, in which worldly pleasures such as military interests and the "acquisition of booty" are emphasised. According to Weber, Islam is the polar opposite of ascetic puritanism.
503:
Psychological hedonism, also known as motivational hedonism, is an empirical theory about what motivates us: it states that all actions by humans aim at increasing pleasure and avoiding pain. This is usually understood in combination with
1403:. He defines hedonism "as an introspective attitude to life based on taking pleasure yourself and pleasuring others, without harming yourself or anyone else." Onfray's philosophical project is to define an ethical hedonism, a joyous
740:
Another problem faced by aesthetic hedonist theories is that people are known to have taken pleasure from many things that are not beautiful. One way to address this issue is to associate beauty with a special type of pleasure:
1664:
and average happiness). Posthumans will avoid constant pleasure stimulation, because it is incompatible with rational behavior required to prolong life. However, they can become on average much happier than modern humans.
610:, which holds that pleasure and pain are the only constituents of well-being and thereby the only things that are good for someone. Central to the understanding of axiological hedonism is the distinction between
1053:
It is impossible to live a pleasant life without living wisely and well and justly (agreeing "neither to harm nor be harmed"), and it is impossible to live wisely and well and justly without living a pleasant
582:. This is most pronounced in cases where the agent has to sacrifice his own happiness in order to promote someone else's happiness. For example, various commentators have directed this argument against
1274:. Conjoining hedonism—as a view as to what is good for people—to utilitarianism has the result that all action should be directed toward achieving the greatest total amount of happiness (measured via
729:
Aesthetic hedonists usually restrict and specify the notion of pleasure in various ways in order to avoid obvious counterexamples. One important distinction in this context is the difference between
1620:
an individual's hedonic set-point by inflicting prolonged uncontrolled stress; but even this re-set is not as easy as it sounds: suicide-rates typically go down in wartime; and six months after a
678:
Various thought experiments have been proposed for the second category, i.e. that there are intrinsically valuable things other than pleasure. The most well-known one in recent philosophy is
4047:
Rodriguez-Iturbe, Bernardo, Freddy Romero, and
Richard J. Johnson. "Pathophysiological mechanisms of salt-dependent hypertension." American journal of kidney diseases 50.4 (2007): 655–672.
1258:
by giving a central role to happiness. It is an ethical theory holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes the overall good of the society. It is thus one form of
1415:
that explores how to use the brain's and the body's capacities to their fullest extent—while restoring philosophy to a useful role in art, politics, and everyday life and decisions."
1315:. Mill believed that there can be different levels of pleasure—higher quality pleasure is better than lower quality pleasure. Mill also argues that simpler beings (he often refers to
574:, dictating that each agent has no moral obligation beyond their own pleasure. This position is usually not held in very high esteem. Altruist theories, commonly known by the term "
1013:—about whom very little is known—Epicurus believed that the greatest good was to seek modest, sustainable "pleasure" in the form of a state of tranquility and freedom from fear (
1395:
A dedicated contemporary hedonist philosopher and writer on the history of hedonistic thought is the French Michel Onfray, who has written two books directly on the subject,
1426:, wine, and writing. His most ambitious project is his projected six-volume Counter-history of Philosophy" (which has been extended, with 12 volumes as of 2020). For Onfray:
3526:
Companion
Encyclopaedia of Hindu Philosophy: An Exposition of the Principle [sic] Religio-philosophical Systems and an Examination of Different Schools of Thought
517:
concerns the thesis that pleasure-seeking behavior is self-defeating in the sense that it results in less actual pleasure than would result from following other motives.
1575:
to eliminate all forms of unpleasant experience among human and non-human animals, replacing suffering with gradients of well-being, a project he refers to as "
1539:
is a theorist of this perspective who believes and promotes the idea that there exists a strong ethical imperative for humans to work towards the abolition of
1266:
is determined by its resulting outcome. The most influential contributors to this theory are considered to be the 18th and 19th-century
British philosophers
525:
humans falls within the realm of the science of psychology rather than philosophy, and as such demands experimental evidence to confirm or contradict it.
1090:
is its most known Roman proponent. By the end of the Roman Empire, having undergone Christian attack and repression, Epicureanism had all but died out.
393:, encompassing both sensory pleasure and more intellectual or personal pursuits, but can also be used in everyday parlance as a pejorative for the
2537:
3224:
2554:
4250:
931:, the birthplace of Aristippus and where he began teaching. It was one of the earliest Socratic schools. The school died out within a century.
6500:
3935:
1431:
the pleasure of others – presumes that we approach the subject from different angles – political, ethical, aesthetic, erotic, bioethical,
666:
criticism in contemporary philosophy. Most objections can roughly be divided into 2 types: (1) objections to the claim that pleasure is a
4401:
4112:
4057:
5244:
3567:
1716:
have both argued against such an objection by saying that it only provides an answer to certain forms of hedonism, and ignores others.
3781:
L'invention du plaisir. : Fragments cyrénaïques Le Livre de Poche Biblio: Amazon.es: Michel Onfray: Libros en idiomas extranjeros
5522:
4153:
3859:
3138:
1217:
to the Christian doctrine. The medieval Church used allegations of hedonism against some dissenters such as the twelfth-century
638:
Within the scope of axiological hedonism, there are two competing theories about the exact relation between pleasure and value:
3841:
428:
claims that pursuing pleasure and avoiding pain for oneself or others are the ultimate expressions of ethical good. Applied to
6159:
2584:
4084:
3784:
3614:
2564:
2385:
2351:
1103:
to present in one unified work the core arguments and theories of Epicureanism. Many of the papyrus scrolls unearthed at the
135:
3524:
1692:
implied that states of affairs have value beyond conscious pleasure, which he said spoke against the validity of hedonism.
17:
1676:
Critics of hedonism have objected to its exclusive concentration on pleasure as valuable or that the retentive breadth of
4333:
538:, in which case it includes axiological hedonism as defined below. It is different from psychological hedonism since it
4728:
1342:
923:, although many of the principles of the school are believed to have been formalized by his grandson of the same name,
361:
5785:
3638:
1369:(published a "Hedonist manifesto" in 1990). Dan Haybron has distinguished between psychological, ethical, welfare and
846:
is "an abnormal, excessive, and persistent fear of pleasure." The condition of being unable to experience pleasure is
5810:
4179:
4161:
4136:
3764:
3534:
2957:
1418:
Onfray's works "have explored the philosophical resonances and components of (and challenges to) science, painting,
1147:) schools of thought on the basis that it is inherently egoistic and therefore detrimental to spiritual liberation.
6342:
1070:; later many Epicurean societies flourished in the Late Hellenistic era and during the Roman era (such as those in
491:
pleasure is in some sense external to the experience since it depends on the subject's attitude to the experience.
4312:. (Hedonism is prominent throughout the novel, influencing many of the decisions made by the titular protagonist.)
670:
of intrinsic value or that all pleasure is intrinsically valuable; (2) objections to the claim that pleasure is a
6372:
4394:
1755:
1009:. His materialism led him to a general stance against superstition or the idea of divine intervention. Following
667:
458:
432:
or what is good for someone, it is the thesis that pleasure and suffering are the only components of well-being.
5980:
1482:
6398:
5558:
3648:
2523:
671:
6520:
4972:
4557:
4230:
3584:
1199:
4341:
3689:
3674:
6377:
6282:
5930:
4647:
1595:
468:
6505:
6181:
5895:
4524:
1124:
842:, which is a strong aversion to experiencing pleasure. According to medical author William C. Shiel Jr.,
85:
1139:
575:
381:
in one's lifestyle, actions, or thoughts. The term can include a number of theories or practices across
6048:
5717:
5023:
4799:
4387:
4308:
4298:
4278:
4213:
4195:
3733:
1536:
1453:
1362:
566:
Ethical hedonist theories can vary in relation to whose pleasure is held within the circle of concern.
140:
100:
4433:
6510:
6490:
6254:
4466:
4456:
1713:
1572:
1066:. Epicurus and his followers shunned politics. After the death of Epicurus, his school was headed by
548:
31:
2630:
1280:). Though consistent in their pursuit of happiness, Bentham and Mill's versions of hedonism differ.
6357:
5920:
5170:
5010:
5007:
4733:
4567:
4552:
3349:
943:
595:
4290:
1358:
155:
6515:
5935:
5876:
5829:
5687:
5650:
5018:
4933:
4923:
4847:
4713:
4685:
4202:
2509:
1978:
1530:
1182:
1095:
866:
579:
552:
6068:
6000:
5080:
4918:
4496:
4471:
4461:
4355:
2474:
1760:
1522:
1458:
924:
354:
283:
183:
115:
3029:
Smart, J. J. C.; Williams, Bernard (1973). "3. Hedonistic and non-hedonistic utilitarianism".
2375:
606:. A closely related theory often treated together with axiological hedonism is hedonism about
6305:
6244:
6224:
6058:
5970:
5950:
5940:
5573:
5422:
5055:
4987:
4895:
4862:
4690:
4670:
4476:
3703:
3604:
3052:
2949:
2942:
1848:
1599:
1296:
1209:
referred to "a future enjoyment of Him in heaven." Already in the 17th century, the atomist
105:
3742:
Utilitarianism, Hedonism, and Desert: Essays in Moral Philosophy. Cambridge University Press
2745:
The Demandingness Objection to Peter Singer's Account of Our Obligations to the World's Poor
2341:
6322:
6277:
6239:
6186:
6115:
5871:
5667:
5578:
5401:
5371:
5112:
4640:
4486:
4481:
4200:
Pleasure and the Good Life: Concerning the Nature, Varieties, and Plausibility of Hedonism.
3913:
3738:
Pleasure and the Good Life: Concerning the Nature, Varieties, and Plausibility of Hedonism.
3013:
1576:
1312:
1205:
920:
908:
630:. Instrumental value, on the other hand, is ascribed to things that are valuable only as a
326:
193:
90:
2315:
1939:
915:
The Cyrenaics were a hedonist Greek school of philosophy founded in the 4th century BC by
8:
6495:
6463:
6418:
6408:
6367:
6315:
6300:
6229:
6209:
6191:
6023:
5990:
5851:
5838:
5645:
5442:
5353:
5308:
5214:
5100:
4913:
4761:
4145:
4027:"Artificial programming of human motivations: A way to degradation or rapid development?"
2504:
1750:
1556:
1263:
1104:
798:
542:
rather than describes human behavior. In the narrow sense, ethical hedonism is a form of
514:
316:
5175:
4349:
4106:
1366:
559:
of Cyrene, who held the idea that pleasure is the highest good and later was revived by
487:
160:
6413:
6382:
6362:
6310:
6292:
6267:
6262:
6214:
6201:
6168:
6063:
5965:
5900:
5856:
5800:
5640:
5469:
5363:
5271:
5075:
4954:
4945:
4908:
4903:
4809:
4804:
4781:
4700:
4514:
4441:
4363:
4244:
3860:"Archives from 1948 – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"
3119:
3080:
2994:
2804:
2725:
2448:
2429:
2230:
2191:
2152:
2044:
1700:
1688:
1588:
1370:
1174:
1162:
1156:
950:
683:
401:
298:
213:
4026:
2603:
6485:
6451:
6352:
6347:
6332:
6272:
6234:
6219:
6176:
5747:
5707:
5625:
5553:
5536:
5514:
5142:
5117:
4928:
4748:
4491:
4367:
4265:
4226:
4175:
4157:
4132:
4080:
4001:"The Pleasure Principle as a Tool for Scientific Forecasting of Human Self-Evolution"
3760:
3644:
3610:
3530:
3123:
3084:
3072:
2998:
2953:
2796:
2729:
2560:
2433:
2381:
2347:
2234:
2195:
2156:
2048:
1996:
1735:
1612:
1178:
1170:
871:
723:
555:
focuses only on reducing suffering. Ethical hedonism is said to have been started by
347:
321:
65:
43:
3845:
6403:
6337:
6327:
6028:
5975:
5925:
5905:
5866:
5861:
5702:
5630:
5348:
5259:
5150:
5122:
5107:
5070:
4776:
4756:
4723:
4628:
4590:
3204:
3111:
3064:
2986:
2857:
2788:
2717:
2673:
2669:
2589:
2421:
2222:
2183:
2144:
2036:
1740:
1334:
1308:
1276:
1271:
1259:
651:
543:
539:
417:
188:
75:
3704:"John Wilmot, the Earl of Rochester – The Open Anthology of Literature in English"
2721:
2425:
1489:
6109:
6078:
6043:
6008:
5886:
5737:
5635:
5593:
5504:
5492:
5477:
5452:
5427:
5197:
5065:
5060:
4977:
4962:
4635:
4519:
4328:
3974:
3754:
3589:
3509:
3494:
3376:Вчення про насолоди і задоволення: від історії значень до концептуалізації понять
1649:
1591:
within human society but also to alleviate the suffering of animals in the wild.
1338:
1210:
1111:
are Epicurean texts. At least some are thought to have belonged to the Epicurean
130:
5249:
6018:
6013:
5881:
5846:
5778:
5752:
5588:
5437:
5376:
5289:
5132:
5028:
4771:
4451:
4324:
3895:
3878:"A-Infos (en) France, Media, Michel Onfray, A self labeled Anarchist Philosoph"
3877:
3802:
2579:
2080:
2040:
1913:
1560:
1436:
1404:
1292:
1267:
1249:
1166:
767:
714:
687:
647:
571:
560:
443:
293:
218:
70:
5459:
5234:
3290:
2990:
2226:
2187:
2148:
1093:
Some writings by Epicurus have survived. Some scholars consider the epic poem
446:
is psychologically determined by desires to increase pleasure and to decrease
6479:
6073:
5985:
5915:
5657:
5447:
5381:
5338:
5207:
4832:
4618:
4600:
4257:
3272:
3076:
2800:
1696:
1526:
1518:
1382:
928:
805:
718:
679:
567:
509:
332:
145:
110:
2538:
What Is the Difference Between Weak Negative and Non-Negative Ethical Views?
717:, who treats beauty as "that which pleases in the very apprehension of it".
6104:
6094:
6053:
6033:
5805:
5768:
5727:
5613:
5563:
5224:
5202:
5180:
5127:
5095:
4967:
4827:
4738:
4534:
2499:
1725:
1709:
1653:
1621:
1568:
1564:
1214:
970:
946:
839:
583:
413:
208:
165:
2521:
Mayerfeld, Jamie. 1996. "The Moral Asymmetry of Happiness and Suffering."
6099:
6038:
5910:
5890:
5795:
5732:
5692:
5672:
5598:
5568:
5229:
5165:
4857:
4842:
4718:
4708:
4657:
4623:
4562:
4303:
4124:
1684:
1412:
1218:
1108:
1046:
998:
692:
4231:"Elements and Types of Utilitarianism: Hedonism and Theories of Welfare"
5945:
5773:
5722:
5712:
5583:
5487:
5432:
5239:
5219:
5085:
4852:
4766:
4595:
4542:
4506:
4410:
3209:
3115:
3068:
2808:
2776:
1730:
1552:
1419:
1387:
1255:
1130:
1112:
1075:
1067:
1042:
1010:
1002:
980:
954:
881:
705:
607:
556:
429:
390:
382:
258:
120:
4000:
3788:
3316:
3192:
3164:
3030:
2840:
2823:
2705:
2063:
1972:
5960:
5955:
5815:
5742:
5677:
5548:
5482:
5294:
5284:
5279:
5254:
5050:
4610:
4572:
2268:
1745:
1660:
1584:
1544:
1540:
1423:
1408:
1328:
1254:
Utilitarianism addresses problems with moral motivation neglected by
1236:
1144:
1100:
1087:
1059:
1006:
898:
848:
463:
288:
263:
229:
203:
125:
5185:
4348:
3333:
3099:
2974:
2792:
2759:
2688:
2657:
2409:
2290:
2262:
2210:
2171:
2132:
2112:
2024:
5790:
5697:
5662:
5620:
5608:
5396:
5190:
5090:
5033:
4837:
4791:
4675:
3315:
Levinson, Jerrold (2003). "Philosophical Aesthetics: An Overview".
2910:
1677:
1432:
1134:
1083:
1063:
1033:
1015:
974:
936:
916:
508:, i.e. that each person only aims at their happiness. For example,
476:
378:
278:
253:
198:
150:
95:
80:
4234:
2884:
1652:
parameter unambiguously corresponding to the feeling of pleasure (
953:. They thought that people can know with certainty only immediate
5417:
5391:
5386:
5328:
5323:
5155:
5043:
5038:
4997:
4819:
4665:
4547:
4371:
3820:
3390:
1071:
1028:
995:
794:
223:
4210:
Utilitarianism, Hedonism, and Desert: Essays in Moral Philosophy
2687:
Bykvist, Krister (2009). "7. Is utilitarianism too demanding?".
1974:
The Pursuit of Unhappiness: The Elusive Psychology of Well-Being
1823:
5682:
5603:
5333:
4992:
4982:
4680:
4582:
4105:
3250:
2343:
Social Psychology, Past and Present: An Integrative Orientation
1354:
1079:
1021:
876:
788:
709:
505:
394:
268:
248:
3663:
Salters-Nuffield Advanced Biology for Edexcel A2 Biology 2009.
1235:
German sociologist, historian, jurist and political economist
397:
pursuit of short-term gratification at the expense of others.
5498:
5160:
4446:
4379:
4172:
A History of Ancient Philosophy: From the Origins to Socrates
1580:
1283:
There are two somewhat basic schools of thought on hedonism.
1230:
903:
3949:
4120:
Socrates and Hedonism: "Protagoras" 351b-358d Donald J.ZEYL
832:
786:
704:
Aesthetic hedonism is the influential view in the field of
447:
273:
4283:
2706:"The Most Good You Can Do: A Response to the Commentaries"
2631:"The History of Utilitarianism: 2. The Classical Approach"
817:, 'pleasant to the taste or smell, sweet') or
594:
Axiological hedonism is the thesis that only pleasure has
5343:
1497:
386:
1493:
1337:
as either unnecessary or harmful. Famous proponents are
3803:"Manifeste hédoniste: Amazon.fr: Michel Onfray: Livres"
2761:
The Life You Can Save: Acting Now to Stop World Poverty
4074:
3378:. Vol. 2. Практична філософія. pp. 184–185.
2777:"Utilitarian Morality and the Personal Point of View"
1587:
descendants, have a responsibility not only to avoid
2367:
949:, reducing logic to a basic doctrine concerning the
4262:
L'invention du plaisir : fragments cyréaniques
4079:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 46–56.
1198:Piper states his term may describe the theology of
822:
812:
780:
774:
691:virtue, beauty, knowledge or justice. For example,
602:or value hedonism, and it is sometimes included in
4236:Introduction to Utilitarianism: An Online Textbook
4075:Singer, Peter; de Lazari-Radek, Katarzyna (2017).
2941:
2658:"Utilitarianism, Contractualism and Demandingness"
4273:La puissance d'exister : Manifeste hédoniste
3596:
3529:. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. 2002. p. 252.
3266:
3264:
3217:
2842:Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd Edition
2747:. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University.
2446:
2333:
2292:Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd Edition
2114:Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd Edition
1695:Perhaps the most famous objection to hedonism is
1525:in all sentient life through the use of advanced
1401:La puissance d'exister : Manifeste hédoniste
1333:An extreme form of hedonism that views moral and
6477:
3938:. Revista do Instituto Humanitas Unisinos. 2011.
3936:"Criação animal intensiva. Um outro Holocausto?"
3279:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
2003:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
1391:Michel Onfray, contemporary hedonist philosopher
3724:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (1998).
3562:
3560:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3325:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
2864:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
2839:Borchert, Donald M. (2006). "Intrinsic Value".
2637:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
2610:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
2455:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
2087:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
2025:"An Honest Look at Hybrid Theories of Pleasure"
1920:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
4024:
3998:
3896:"The Hedonistic Imperative: Table Of Contents"
3637:Banu, U. A. B. Razia Akter (4 February 1992).
3261:
2975:"If You Like It, Does It Matter If It's Real?"
1447:
1062:, though later it became the main opponent of
4395:
3842:"Introductory Note to Onfray by Doug Ireland"
3046:
3044:
3042:
3028:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2211:"The Reduction of Sensory Pleasure to Desire"
1492:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
1397:L'invention du plaisir: fragments cyréaniques
355:
3836:
3834:
3557:
3474:
3413:
3173:
3136:
2559:. Oxford University Press. 27 January 2022.
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2133:"The Distinctive Feeling Theory of Pleasure"
1353:Contemporary proponents of hedonism include
3906:
3492:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3447:
3445:
3388:
2380:. Cambridge University Press. p. 156.
2106:
2104:
2102:
1137:school. However, Hedonism is criticized by
1058:Epicureanism was originally a challenge to
887:
4402:
4388:
4249:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4169:
3590:A treatise concerning religious affections
3499:. Cambridge University Press. p. 134.
3436:
3407:
3050:
3039:
2299:
2126:
2124:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1348:
994:), founded around 307 BC. Epicurus was an
362:
348:
4225:
4144:
4077:Utilitarianism: A Very Short Introduction
3831:
3480:
3424:
3321:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–24.
3208:
3190:
3162:
3005:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2855:
2849:
2822:Honderich, Ted (2005). "good-in-itself".
2821:
2743:Kanygina, Yuliya (2011). "Introduction".
2690:Utilitarianism: A Guide for the Perplexed
2275:
2208:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1547:life. His book-length internet manifesto
1123:The concept of hedonism is also found in
827:, 'delight, pleasure') + suffix
513:according to psychological hedonism. The
498:
453:
4170:Reale, Giovanni; Catan, John R. (1986),
3609:. Harvard University Press. p. 54.
3457:
3442:
3373:
3314:
3308:
3270:
3057:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
3035:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2838:
2742:
2373:
2288:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2110:
2099:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1457:
1386:
1133:) schools of Hinduism, for instance the
1027:
902:
860:
457:
27:Theory or practice prioritizing pleasure
4342:Manifesto of the Hedonist International
3277:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3197:Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
2972:
2862:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2686:
2635:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2608:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2453:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2339:
2130:
2121:
2085:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2065:The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology
2022:
2001:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1990:
1988:
1970:
1918:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1602:, 'Happiness Conference', Pearce said:
1462:David Pearce, transhumanist philosopher
658:of the body are less valuable than the
589:
14:
6478:
4370:& Richard Yetter-Chappell (2021),
4346:
3752:
3690:"Who's afraid of the Marquis de Sade?"
3602:
2939:
2928:
2911:"John Stuart Mill: ii. Basic Argument"
2757:
2703:
2628:
2601:
2007:
1957:
1778:
1169:circles, particularly in those of the
983:based upon the teachings of Epicurus (
6141:
4883:
4421:
4383:
4322:
4123:
4020:
4018:
3672:
3468:
3451:
3331:
3011:
2885:"Jeremy Bentham: 4. Moral Philosophy"
2774:
2655:
2407:
2289:Borchert, Donald (2006). "Hedonism".
2260:
2241:
2169:
2163:
2111:Borchert, Donald (2006). "Pleasure".
2061:
1994:
1911:
1483:too many or overly lengthy quotations
1262:, meaning that the moral worth of an
699:
6501:Philosophical schools and traditions
4220:What Is This Thing Called Happiness?
4031:Questions of Philosophy (In Russian)
3740:Oxford University Press and (1997).
3657:
3636:
3335:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3137:Matthen, Mohan; Weinstein, Zachary.
3100:"Aesthetic Hedonism and Its Critics"
3097:
3012:Moore, George Edward (1903). "§50".
2410:"Explaining the Paradox of Hedonism"
2264:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2078:
2062:Lopez, Shane J. (2009). "Pleasure".
2055:
1985:
1866:
1465:
1118:
646:. Quantitative hedonists, following
486:intellectually satisfying activity.
4334:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4005:Journal of Evolution and Technology
3514:tranls. by Robert Drew Hicks (1925)
3395:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3255:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3248:
2915:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2889:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2585:Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics
2481:. The University of Texas at Austin
2346:. Taylor & Francis. p. 6.
2172:"The Feels Good Theory of Pleasure"
2072:
1828:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1821:
942:The Cyrenaics were known for their
855:
570:forms of hedonism can overlap with
528:
24:
4189:
4015:
3687:
3606:Women, Islam, and Abbasid Identity
3166:The Oxford Companion to Philosophy
2948:. New York: Basic Books. pp.
2825:The Oxford Companion to Philosophy
2447:Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter (2019).
2414:Australasian Journal of Philosophy
2377:Hobbes and the Two Faces of Ethics
2261:Craig, Edward (1996). "Hedonism".
1583:, Pearce believes that humans, or
1343:John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester
892:
793:, 'pleasure'), which is a
598:. It has also been referred to as
412:is the claim that pleasure is the
25:
6532:
4316:
3318:The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics
3163:Honderich, Ted (2005). "Beauty".
2908:
2882:
2758:Singer, Peter (2009). "Preface".
1243:
927:. The school was so called after
6459:
6458:
6445:
3916:. H+ Magazine. 16 September 2009
3332:Craig, Edward (1996). "Beauty".
2582:, ed. "Hedonism." pp. 567–68 in
2556:Nothing: A Philosophical History
1712:, a hedonistic utilitarian, and
1470:
1376:
1365:, and Spanish ethic philosopher
1165:has also been a concept in some
377:refers to the prioritization of
4150:A History of Philosophy: Book 1
4068:
4050:
4041:
3992:
3967:
3942:
3928:
3888:
3870:
3852:
3813:
3795:
3773:
3746:
3727:
3714:
3696:
3681:
3666:
3630:
3578:
3543:
3517:
3503:
3486:
3430:
3401:
3389:O'Keefe, Tim (6 October 2019).
3382:
3367:
3342:
3283:
3242:
3156:
3130:
3091:
3032:Utilitarianism: For and Against
3022:
2966:
2902:
2876:
2832:
2815:
2768:
2751:
2736:
2697:
2680:
2649:
2622:
2595:
2573:
2547:
2530:
2515:
2493:
2467:
2440:
2401:
2202:
1756:Pleasure principle (psychology)
1638:
1150:
964:
838:Opposite to hedonism, there is
4409:
4373:Introduction to Utilitarianism
3675:"Who Was the Marquis de Sade?"
3193:"Aesthetic Pleasure Explained"
3098:Berg, Servaas Van der (2020).
2674:10.1111/j.1467-9213.2009.609.x
2524:Southern Journal of Philosophy
1932:
1841:
1517:The Abolitionist Society is a
1322:
1019:) and absence of bodily pain (
935:pleasure could be gained from
13:
1:
6142:
3975:"Victor Argonov – PhilPeople"
2722:10.1080/17449626.2016.1191523
2426:10.1080/00048402.2018.1483409
1766:
984:
5931:Ordinary language philosophy
4422:
4146:Copleston, Frederick Charles
3511:Epicurus Principal Doctrines
3350:"Definition of Hedonophobia"
1771:
1671:
1596:Future of Humanity Institute
1161:Ethical hedonism as part of
1001:, following in the steps of
979:Epicureanism is a system of
787:
757:
469:Frederick William MacMonnies
7:
5981:Contemporary utilitarianism
5896:Internalism and externalism
4347:Dolson, Grace Neal (1920).
4131:, Oxford University Press,
3053:"On Liking Aesthetic Value"
2973:Brigard, Felipe De (2010).
2604:"Egoism: 2. Ethical Egoism"
1971:Haybron, Daniel M. (2008).
1719:
1529:. Their core philosophy is
1448:Abolitionism (David Pearce)
1291:One school, grouped around
86:Julien Offray de La Mettrie
10:
6537:
5245:Svatantrika and Prasangika
4884:
4309:The Picture of Dorian Gray
4299:Edinburgh University Press
4214:Cambridge University Press
4097:
3950:"The Abolitionist Project"
3753:Guisán, Esperanza (1990).
3271:Sartwell, Crispin (2017).
3191:De Clercq, Rafael (2019).
3169:. Oxford University Press.
3051:Gorodeisky, Keren (2019).
2944:Anarchy, state, and utopia
2828:. Oxford University Press.
2041:10.1007/s11098-020-01464-5
1997:"Well-Being: 4.1 Hedonism"
1454:David Pearce (philosopher)
1451:
1380:
1326:
1286:
1247:
1228:
1154:
968:
896:
823:
813:
781:
779:, 'delight'; from
775:
752:
474:
29:
6439:
6391:
6291:
6253:
6200:
6167:
6158:
6154:
6137:
6087:
5999:
5837:
5828:
5761:
5544:
5535:
5513:
5468:
5410:
5362:
5316:
5307:
5270:
5141:
5006:
4953:
4944:
4894:
4890:
4879:
4818:
4790:
4747:
4699:
4656:
4609:
4581:
4533:
4505:
4467:Philosophy of mathematics
4457:Philosophy of information
4432:
4428:
4417:
4295:Hedonistic Utilitarianism
4284:The Hedonistic Imperative
4275:. Grasset & Fasquelle
4222:. Oxford University Press
4129:The Morality of Happiness
3914:"The Genomic Bodhisattva"
3722:Hedonistic Utilitarianism
3653:– via Google Books.
3553:. Routledge. p. 464.
2991:10.1080/09515080903532290
2781:The Journal of Philosophy
2408:Dietz, Alexander (2019).
2227:10.1007/s11098-006-9004-9
2209:Heathwood, Chris (2007).
2188:10.1007/s11098-010-9566-4
2149:10.1007/s11098-011-9755-9
2079:Katz, Leonard D. (2016).
1714:Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek
1579:." A transhumanist and a
1549:The Hedonistic Imperative
549:negative consequentialism
32:Hedonism (disambiguation)
3551:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
3374:Дробович, Антон (2012).
2979:Philosophical Psychology
2856:Schroeder, Mark (2016).
2775:Brink, David O. (1986).
2710:Journal of Global Ethics
2536:Knutsson, Simon. 2016. "
2316:"Psychological hedonism"
2023:Pallies, Daniel (2021).
1940:"Psychological hedonism"
1490:summarize the quotations
1224:
888:Ancient Greek philosophy
576:classical utilitarianism
5936:Postanalytic philosophy
5877:Experimental philosophy
4203:Oxford University Press
4154:Continuum International
4113:Encyclopædia Britannica
4025:Victor Argonov (2008).
3999:Victor Argonov (2014).
3759:. Anthropos Editorial.
3603:Cheikh, N.M.E. (2015).
3295:Encyclopedia Britannica
2940:Nozick, Robert (1974).
2662:Philosophical Quarterly
2602:Shaver, Robert (2019).
2510:Oxford University Press
2320:Encyclopedia Britannica
1979:Oxford University Press
1944:Encyclopedia Britannica
1853:www.merriam-webster.com
1594:In a talk given at the
1531:negative utilitarianism
1349:Contemporary approaches
1307:Other proponents, like
1302:
1096:On the Nature of Things
553:negative utilitarianism
400:The term originates in
136:Metrodorus of Lampsacus
6069:Social constructionism
5081:Hellenistic philosophy
4497:Theoretical philosophy
4472:Philosophy of religion
4462:Philosophy of language
4364:Theories of Well-Being
4356:Encyclopedia Americana
4323:Moore, Andrew (2019).
4116:(11th ed.). 1911.
3708:virginia-anthology.org
3437:Reale & Catan 1986
3408:Reale & Catan 1986
2704:Singer, Peter (2016).
2656:Hills, Alison (2010).
2629:Driver, Julia (2014).
2340:Jackson, J.M. (2013).
1912:Moore, Andrew (2019).
1761:Psychological hedonism
1659:According to Argonov,
1636:
1611:can't recalibrate our
1523:abolition of suffering
1521:group calling for the
1463:
1441:
1422:, sex and sensuality,
1392:
1196:
1056:
1037:
925:Aristippus the Younger
912:
747:disinterested pleasure
499:Psychological hedonism
472:
454:The nature of pleasure
327:"Wine, women and song"
184:Psychological hedonism
116:Aristippus the Younger
6452:Philosophy portal
5971:Scientific skepticism
5951:Reformed epistemology
4477:Philosophy of science
3593:. Edinburgh: J. Ogle.
3493:O'Keefe, Tim (2005).
3225:"Beauty and Ugliness"
3143:Oxford Bibliographies
2374:Abizadeh, A. (2018).
2215:Philosophical Studies
2176:Philosophical Studies
2170:Smuts, Aaron (2011).
2137:Philosophical Studies
2131:Bramble, Ben (2013).
2029:Philosophical Studies
1995:Crisp, Roger (2017).
1604:
1600:Charity International
1461:
1428:
1390:
1297:quantitative approach
1191:
1051:
1031:
906:
861:Sumerian civilization
640:quantitative hedonism
628:good for its own sake
618:value. An entity has
461:
440:motivational hedonism
106:Theodorus the Atheist
6521:Axiological theories
5872:Critical rationalism
5579:Edo neo-Confucianism
5423:Acintya bheda abheda
5402:Renaissance humanism
5113:School of the Sextii
4487:Practical philosophy
4482:Political philosophy
3756:Manifiesto hedonista
3568:"Christian Hedonism"
3249:Spicher, Michael R.
3229:www.encyclopedia.com
3139:"Aesthetic Hedonism"
3018:. Project Gutenberg.
1577:paradise engineering
1407:, and a generalized
1313:qualitative approach
1206:Religious Affections
1204:Treatise Concerning
1177:was first coined by
1173:tradition. The term
921:Aristippus of Cyrene
909:Aristippus of Cyrene
668:sufficient condition
644:qualitative hedonism
590:Axiological hedonism
488:Theories of pleasure
194:Axiological hedonism
30:For other uses, see
18:Axiological hedonism
5443:Nimbarka Sampradaya
5354:Korean Confucianism
5101:Academic Skepticism
3821:"Atheism à la mode"
3640:Islam in Bangladesh
3496:Epicurus on Freedom
2505:Reasons and Persons
1751:Paradox of hedonism
1557:genetic engineering
1105:Villa of the Papyri
947:theory of knowledge
799:Proto-Indo-European
672:necessary condition
600:evaluative hedonism
515:paradox of hedonism
317:Paradox of hedonism
178:Schools of hedonism
6506:Philosophy of life
6064:Post-structuralism
5966:Scientific realism
5921:Quinean naturalism
5901:Logical positivism
5857:Analytical Marxism
5076:Peripatetic school
4988:Chinese naturalism
4515:Aesthetic response
4442:Applied philosophy
4227:MacAskill, William
3825:newhumanist.org.uk
3720:Torbjörn Tännsjö;
3210:10.1111/jaac.12636
3116:10.1111/phc3.12645
3104:Philosophy Compass
3069:10.1111/phpr.12641
2475:"Consequentialism"
2449:"Consequentialism"
2068:. Wiley-Blackwell.
1701:experience machine
1689:thought experiment
1650:neurophysiological
1589:cruelty to animals
1571:could potentially
1464:
1393:
1202:, who in his 1746
1175:Christian Hedonism
1163:Christian theology
1157:Christian hedonism
1129:('atheist', as in
1038:
951:criterion of truth
913:
700:Aesthetic hedonism
684:experience machine
473:
402:ethical philosophy
299:Felicific calculus
214:Christian hedonism
6473:
6472:
6435:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6124:
5852:Analytic feminism
5824:
5823:
5786:Kierkegaardianism
5748:Transcendentalism
5708:Neo-scholasticism
5554:Classical Realism
5531:
5530:
5303:
5302:
5118:Neopythagoreanism
4875:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4492:Social philosophy
4368:William MacAskill
4291:Tännsjö, Torbjörn
4266:Le Livre de Poche
4086:978-0-19-872879-5
3848:on 27 April 2009.
3673:Perrottet, Tony.
3616:978-0-674-49596-8
3585:Edwards, Jonathan
3251:"Aesthetic Taste"
2590:T. & T. Clark
2566:978-0-19-974283-7
2387:978-1-108-27866-9
2353:978-1-134-99512-7
1736:Hedonic treadmill
1613:hedonic treadmill
1515:
1514:
1437:historiographical
1185:in his 1986 book
1143:('theist', as in
1119:Indian philosophy
955:sense-experiences
872:Epic of Gilgamesh
766:derives from the
724:Euthyphro dilemma
372:
371:
322:Hedonic treadmill
66:Ajita Kesakambali
16:(Redirected from
6528:
6511:Social influence
6491:Consequentialism
6462:
6461:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6165:
6164:
6156:
6155:
6139:
6138:
6029:Frankfurt School
5976:Transactionalism
5926:Normative ethics
5906:Legal positivism
5882:Falsificationism
5867:Consequentialism
5862:Communitarianism
5835:
5834:
5703:New Confucianism
5542:
5541:
5349:Neo-Confucianism
5314:
5313:
5123:Second Sophistic
5108:Middle Platonism
4951:
4950:
4892:
4891:
4881:
4880:
4724:Epiphenomenalism
4591:Consequentialism
4525:Institutionalism
4430:
4429:
4419:
4418:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4360:
4352:
4350:"Hedonism"
4338:
4329:Zalta, Edward N.
4254:
4248:
4240:
4184:
4166:
4141:
4117:
4109:
4107:"Hedonism"
4091:
4090:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4054:
4048:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4022:
4013:
4012:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3954:abolitionist.com
3946:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3844:. Archived from
3838:
3829:
3828:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3750:
3744:
3731:
3725:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3600:
3594:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3564:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3521:
3515:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3455:
3449:
3440:
3439:, pp. 274–5
3434:
3428:
3422:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3188:
3171:
3170:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3048:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3015:Principia Ethica
3009:
3003:
3002:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2947:
2937:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2883:Sweet, William.
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2668:(239): 225–242.
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2599:
2593:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2551:
2545:
2534:
2528:
2519:
2513:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2479:Ethics Unwrapped
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2312:
2297:
2296:
2286:
2273:
2272:
2258:
2239:
2238:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2020:
2005:
2004:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1968:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1909:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1819:
1741:Hedonism Resorts
1510:
1507:
1501:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1367:Esperanza Guisán
1359:Torbjörn Tännsjö
1335:sexual restraint
1309:John Stuart Mill
1277:hedonic calculus
1272:John Stuart Mill
1260:consequentialism
1200:Jonathan Edwards
1179:Reformed-Baptist
993:
989:
986:
865:In the original
856:Early philosophy
826:
825:
816:
815:
792:
784:
783:
778:
777:
660:higher pleasures
652:John Stuart Mill
604:ethical hedonism
544:consequentialism
529:Ethical hedonism
426:ethical hedonism
364:
357:
350:
311:Related articles
189:Ethical hedonism
161:Esperanza Guisán
156:Torbjörn Tännsjö
76:John Stuart Mill
39:
38:
21:
6536:
6535:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6476:
6475:
6474:
6469:
6446:
6444:
6423:
6387:
6287:
6249:
6196:
6150:
6149:
6121:
6110:Russian cosmism
6083:
6079:Western Marxism
6044:New Historicism
6009:Critical theory
5995:
5991:Wittgensteinian
5887:Foundationalism
5820:
5757:
5738:Social contract
5594:Foundationalism
5527:
5509:
5493:Illuminationism
5478:Aristotelianism
5464:
5453:Vishishtadvaita
5406:
5358:
5299:
5266:
5137:
5066:Megarian school
5061:Eretrian school
5002:
4963:Agriculturalism
4940:
4886:
4867:
4814:
4786:
4743:
4695:
4652:
4636:Incompatibilism
4605:
4577:
4529:
4501:
4424:
4413:
4408:
4319:
4242:
4241:
4192:
4190:Further reading
4187:
4182:
4164:
4139:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4087:
4073:
4069:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4023:
4016:
3997:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3840:
3839:
3832:
3827:. 29 June 2007.
3819:
3818:
3814:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3767:
3751:
3747:
3732:
3728:
3719:
3715:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3688:Farago, Jason.
3686:
3682:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3651:
3635:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3601:
3597:
3583:
3579:
3574:. January 1995.
3566:
3565:
3558:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3537:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3504:
3491:
3487:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3458:
3450:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3423:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3387:
3383:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3330:
3326:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3269:
3262:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3189:
3174:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3145:
3135:
3131:
3096:
3092:
3049:
3040:
3027:
3023:
3010:
3006:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2938:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2854:
2850:
2837:
2833:
2820:
2816:
2793:10.2307/2026328
2773:
2769:
2764:. Random House.
2756:
2752:
2741:
2737:
2702:
2698:
2685:
2681:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2600:
2596:
2580:Hastings, James
2578:
2574:
2567:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2535:
2531:
2520:
2516:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2445:
2441:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2300:
2287:
2276:
2259:
2242:
2207:
2203:
2168:
2164:
2129:
2122:
2109:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2077:
2073:
2060:
2056:
2021:
2008:
1993:
1986:
1969:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1910:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1820:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1722:
1683:In particular,
1674:
1641:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1496:or excerpts to
1487:
1475:
1471:
1456:
1450:
1385:
1379:
1351:
1339:Marquis de Sade
1331:
1325:
1305:
1289:
1252:
1246:
1233:
1227:
1211:Pierre Gassendi
1159:
1153:
1121:
1036:
991:
987:
977:
969:Main articles:
967:
911:
901:
895:
893:Cyrenaic school
890:
869:version of the
863:
858:
760:
755:
702:
656:lower pleasures
620:intrinsic value
596:intrinsic value
592:
536:intrinsic value
531:
501:
479:
456:
418:intrinsic value
368:
339:
338:
312:
304:
303:
244:
236:
235:
179:
171:
170:
131:Pierre Gassendi
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6534:
6524:
6523:
6518:
6516:Utilitarianism
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6455:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6395:
6393:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6308:
6303:
6297:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6259:
6257:
6255:Middle Eastern
6251:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6206:
6204:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6173:
6171:
6162:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6019:Existentialism
6016:
6014:Deconstruction
6011:
6005:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5847:Applied ethics
5843:
5841:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5811:Nietzscheanism
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5771:
5765:
5763:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5753:Utilitarianism
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5651:Transcendental
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5589:Existentialism
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5545:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5525:
5519:
5517:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5474:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5377:Augustinianism
5374:
5368:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5320:
5318:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5290:Zoroastrianism
5287:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5147:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5133:Church Fathers
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5015:
5013:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4948:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4906:
4900:
4898:
4888:
4887:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4824:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4796:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4753:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4648:Libertarianism
4645:
4644:
4643:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4621:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4511:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4452:Metaphilosophy
4449:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4426:
4425:
4415:
4414:
4407:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4361:
4344:
4339:
4318:
4317:External links
4315:
4314:
4313:
4301:
4288:
4276:
4269:
4258:Onfray, Michel
4255:
4223:
4216:
4206:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4174:, SUNY Press,
4167:
4162:
4142:
4137:
4121:
4118:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4085:
4067:
4049:
4040:
4014:
3991:
3979:philpeople.org
3966:
3941:
3927:
3905:
3900:www.hedweb.com
3887:
3869:
3851:
3830:
3812:
3794:
3772:
3765:
3745:
3726:
3713:
3695:
3680:
3665:
3656:
3649:
3629:
3615:
3595:
3577:
3556:
3542:
3535:
3516:
3502:
3485:
3481:Copleston 2003
3473:
3456:
3441:
3429:
3425:Copleston 2003
3412:
3400:
3381:
3366:
3341:
3324:
3307:
3282:
3260:
3241:
3216:
3203:(2): 121–132.
3172:
3155:
3129:
3090:
3063:(2): 261–280.
3038:
3021:
3004:
2965:
2958:
2927:
2909:Heydt, Colin.
2901:
2875:
2858:"Value Theory"
2848:
2831:
2814:
2787:(8): 417–438.
2767:
2750:
2735:
2716:(2): 161–169.
2696:
2679:
2648:
2621:
2594:
2588:6. Edinburgh:
2572:
2565:
2546:
2542:Simon Knutsson
2529:
2514:
2492:
2466:
2439:
2420:(3): 497–510.
2400:
2386:
2366:
2352:
2332:
2298:
2274:
2240:
2201:
2182:(2): 241–265.
2162:
2143:(2): 201–217.
2120:
2098:
2071:
2054:
2035:(3): 887–907.
2006:
1984:
1956:
1931:
1865:
1840:
1822:Weijers, Dan.
1776:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1721:
1718:
1673:
1670:
1640:
1637:
1561:nanotechnology
1513:
1512:
1478:
1476:
1469:
1452:Main article:
1449:
1446:
1405:utilitarianism
1381:Main article:
1378:
1375:
1350:
1347:
1327:Main article:
1324:
1321:
1304:
1301:
1293:Jeremy Bentham
1288:
1285:
1268:Jeremy Bentham
1250:Utilitarianism
1248:Main article:
1245:
1244:Utilitarianism
1242:
1229:Main article:
1226:
1223:
1155:Main article:
1152:
1149:
1120:
1117:
1032:
966:
963:
907:
897:Main article:
894:
891:
889:
886:
867:Old Babylonian
862:
859:
857:
854:
759:
756:
754:
751:
735:mixed pleasure
715:Thomas Aquinas
701:
698:
688:cognitive bias
648:Jeremy Bentham
624:good in itself
591:
588:
572:Ethical egoism
561:Jeremy Bentham
530:
527:
500:
497:
475:Main article:
455:
452:
444:human behavior
410:value hedonism
370:
369:
367:
366:
359:
352:
344:
341:
340:
337:
336:
329:
324:
319:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
294:Tetrapharmakos
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
245:
242:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:
226:
221:
219:Utilitarianism
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
71:Jeremy Bentham
68:
62:
59:
58:
55:
54:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6533:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6466:
6465:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6442:
6441:
6438:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6392:Miscellaneous
6390:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6252:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6145:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6118:
6117:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6088:Miscellaneous
6086:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6074:Structuralism
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6059:Postmodernism
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6049:Phenomenology
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5986:Vienna Circle
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5916:Moral realism
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5840:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5718:Phenomenology
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5658:Individualism
5656:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5524:
5523:Judeo-Islamic
5521:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5499:ʿIlm al-Kalām
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5448:Shuddhadvaita
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5382:Scholasticism
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5005:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4882:
4878:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:Conceptualism
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4762:Particularism
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4729:Functionalism
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4714:Eliminativism
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4619:Compatibilism
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4558:Particularism
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4400:
4398:
4393:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4351:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4279:Pearce, David
4277:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4196:Feldman, Fred
4194:
4193:
4183:
4181:0-88706-290-3
4177:
4173:
4168:
4165:
4163:0-8264-6895-0
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4138:0-19-509652-5
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4088:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4044:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4021:
4019:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3937:
3931:
3915:
3909:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3768:
3766:9788476582213
3762:
3758:
3757:
3749:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3723:
3717:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3691:
3684:
3676:
3669:
3660:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3633:
3618:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3599:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3552:
3546:
3538:
3536:9788177552034
3532:
3528:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3512:
3506:
3498:
3497:
3489:
3483:, p. 122
3482:
3477:
3471:, p. 231
3470:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3454:, p. 230
3453:
3448:
3446:
3438:
3433:
3427:, p. 121
3426:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3410:, p. 274
3409:
3404:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3377:
3370:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3337:
3336:
3328:
3320:
3319:
3311:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3265:
3256:
3252:
3245:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3168:
3167:
3159:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3110:(1): e12645.
3109:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3025:
3017:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2961:
2959:0-465-09720-0
2955:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2762:
2754:
2746:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2692:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2500:Parfit, Derek
2496:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2404:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2370:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1989:
1981:. p. 62.
1980:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:Robert Nozick
1693:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1551:outlines how
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1527:biotechnology
1524:
1520:
1519:transhumanist
1509:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1479:This section
1477:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1384:
1383:Michel Onfray
1377:Michel Onfray
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
992: 270 BC
982:
976:
972:
962:
958:
956:
952:
948:
945:
940:
938:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
910:
905:
900:
885:
883:
878:
875:
873:
868:
853:
851:
850:
845:
841:
836:
834:
830:
820:
810:
807:
806:Ancient Greek
803:
800:
796:
791:
790:
772:
769:
765:
750:
748:
744:
738:
736:
732:
727:
725:
720:
719:Immanuel Kant
716:
711:
707:
697:
694:
689:
685:
681:
680:Robert Nozick
676:
673:
669:
663:
662:of the mind.
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:Individualist
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
541:
537:
526:
522:
518:
516:
511:
510:Thomas Hobbes
507:
496:
492:
489:
483:
478:
470:
466:
465:
460:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:Psychological
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
365:
360:
358:
353:
351:
346:
345:
343:
342:
335:
334:
333:Joie de vivre
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
308:
307:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
240:
239:
232:
231:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
175:
174:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
146:Zeno of Sidon
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
111:Michel Onfray
109:
107:
104:
102:
101:Fred Feldman
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6457:
6443:
6114:
6105:Postcritique
6095:Kyoto School
6054:Posthumanism
6034:Hermeneutics
5889: /
5830:Contemporary
5806:Newtonianism
5769:Cartesianism
5728:Reductionism
5564:Conservatism
5559:Collectivism
5497:
5225:Sarvāstivadā
5203:Anekantavada
5128:Neoplatonism
5096:Epicureanism
5029:Pythagoreans
4968:Confucianism
4934:Contemporary
4924:Early modern
4828:Anti-realism
4782:Universalism
4739:Subjectivism
4535:Epistemology
4372:
4354:
4332:
4307:
4304:Wilde, Oscar
4294:
4282:
4272:
4261:
4235:
4219:
4209:
4199:
4171:
4149:
4128:
4125:Annas, Julia
4111:
4076:
4070:
4061:
4052:
4043:
4034:
4030:
4008:
4004:
3994:
3982:. Retrieved
3978:
3969:
3957:. Retrieved
3953:
3944:
3930:
3918:. Retrieved
3908:
3899:
3890:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3846:the original
3824:
3815:
3806:
3797:
3780:
3775:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3737:
3734:Fred Feldman
3729:
3721:
3716:
3707:
3698:
3683:
3668:
3659:
3639:
3632:
3620:. Retrieved
3605:
3598:
3588:
3580:
3572:Desiring God
3571:
3550:
3545:
3525:
3519:
3510:
3505:
3495:
3488:
3476:
3432:
3403:
3394:
3384:
3375:
3369:
3357:. Retrieved
3353:
3344:
3338:. Routledge.
3334:
3327:
3317:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3294:
3291:"Aesthetics"
3285:
3276:
3254:
3244:
3232:. Retrieved
3228:
3219:
3200:
3196:
3165:
3158:
3146:. Retrieved
3142:
3132:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3060:
3056:
3031:
3024:
3014:
3007:
2985:(1): 43–57.
2982:
2978:
2968:
2943:
2918:. Retrieved
2914:
2904:
2892:. Retrieved
2888:
2878:
2866:. Retrieved
2861:
2851:
2845:. Macmillan.
2841:
2834:
2824:
2817:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2760:
2753:
2744:
2738:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2693:. Continuum.
2689:
2682:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2634:
2624:
2612:. Retrieved
2607:
2597:
2583:
2575:
2555:
2549:
2541:
2532:
2522:
2517:
2503:
2495:
2483:. Retrieved
2478:
2469:
2457:. Retrieved
2452:
2442:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2391:. Retrieved
2376:
2369:
2357:. Retrieved
2342:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2319:
2295:. Macmillan.
2291:
2263:
2221:(1): 25–26.
2218:
2214:
2204:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2140:
2136:
2117:. Macmillan.
2113:
2089:. Retrieved
2084:
2074:
2064:
2057:
2032:
2028:
2000:
1973:
1947:. Retrieved
1943:
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1917:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1827:
1726:Affectionism
1710:Peter Singer
1704:
1694:
1682:
1680:is limited.
1675:
1666:
1658:
1654:hedonic tone
1646:
1642:
1639:Hedodynamics
1630:
1625:
1622:quadriplegia
1617:
1607:
1606:Sadly, what
1605:
1593:
1569:neurosurgery
1565:pharmacology
1553:technologies
1548:
1537:David Pearce
1535:
1516:
1503:
1488:Please help
1480:
1442:
1429:
1417:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1363:Fred Feldman
1357:philosopher
1352:
1332:
1316:
1306:
1295:, defends a
1290:
1282:
1275:
1253:
1234:
1215:Epicureanism
1213:had adapted
1203:
1197:
1192:
1187:Desiring God
1186:
1160:
1151:Christianity
1138:
1125:
1122:
1094:
1092:
1086:). The poet
1057:
1052:
1039:
1020:
1014:
978:
971:Epicureanism
965:Epicureanism
959:
941:
933:
914:
870:
864:
847:
844:hedonophobia
843:
840:hedonophobia
837:
828:
818:
808:
801:
770:
763:
761:
746:
742:
739:
734:
730:
728:
703:
677:
664:
659:
655:
643:
639:
637:
631:
627:
623:
619:
616:instrumental
615:
611:
603:
599:
593:
584:Peter Singer
565:
535:
532:
523:
519:
502:
493:
484:
480:
462:
442:claims that
439:
435:
434:
425:
421:
409:
405:
399:
374:
373:
331:
243:Key concepts
228:
209:Epicureanism
166:Peter Singer
141:David Pearce
51:
36:
6100:Objectivism
6039:Neo-Marxism
6001:Continental
5911:Meta-ethics
5891:Coherentism
5796:Hegelianism
5733:Rationalism
5693:Natural law
5673:Materialism
5599:Historicism
5569:Determinism
5460:Navya-Nyāya
5235:Sautrāntika
5230:Pudgalavada
5166:Vaisheshika
5019:Presocratic
4919:Renaissance
4858:Physicalism
4843:Materialism
4749:Normativity
4734:Objectivism
4719:Emergentism
4709:Behaviorism
4658:Metaphysics
4624:Determinism
4563:Rationalism
3984:20 December
3920:16 November
3391:"Cyrenaics"
3354:MedicineNet
3148:10 February
1685:G. E. Moore
1598:and at the
1433:pedagogical
1413:materialism
1411:of sensual
1371:axiological
1323:Libertinage
1219:Waldensians
1181:theologian
1167:evangelical
1109:Herculaneum
1047:Golden Rule
999:materialist
919:' student,
693:G. E. Moore
406:axiological
230:Libertinage
6496:Motivation
6480:Categories
6399:Amerindian
6306:Australian
6245:Vietnamese
6225:Indonesian
5774:Kantianism
5723:Positivism
5713:Pragmatism
5688:Naturalism
5668:Liberalism
5646:Subjective
5584:Empiricism
5488:Avicennism
5433:Bhedabheda
5317:East Asian
5240:Madhyamaka
5220:Abhidharma
5086:Pyrrhonism
4853:Nominalism
4848:Naturalism
4777:Skepticism
4767:Relativism
4757:Absolutism
4686:Naturalism
4596:Deontology
4568:Skepticism
4553:Naturalism
4543:Empiricism
4507:Aesthetics
4411:Philosophy
4325:"Hedonism"
4058:"Hedonism"
3864:unesco.org
3789:2253943231
3650:9004094970
3469:Annas 1995
3452:Annas 1995
3300:9 February
3234:9 February
2920:3 February
2894:3 February
2868:8 December
2641:2 February
2614:2 February
2527:34:317–38.
2508:. Oxford:
2485:2 February
2459:2 February
2393:19 January
2359:19 January
2325:2 February
2091:29 January
2081:"Pleasure"
1949:29 January
1924:29 January
1914:"Hedonism"
1858:30 January
1849:"Hedonism"
1833:29 January
1824:"Hedonism"
1767:References
1731:Eudaimonia
1699:'s famous
1687:offered a
1661:posthumans
1626:everything
1506:March 2024
1498:Wikisource
1420:gastronomy
1373:hedonism.
1311:, argue a
1256:Kantianism
1183:John Piper
1113:Philodemus
1076:Alexandria
1068:Hermarchus
1043:asceticism
1011:Aristippus
1003:Democritus
990: – c.
988: 341
981:philosophy
882:philosophy
831:(-ισμός, '
771:hēdonismos
706:aesthetics
608:well-being
557:Aristippus
540:prescribes
430:well-being
391:psychology
383:philosophy
259:Eudaimonia
121:Hermarchus
91:Aristippus
6278:Pakistani
6240:Taiwanese
6187:Ethiopian
6160:By region
6146:By region
5961:Scientism
5956:Systemics
5816:Spinozism
5743:Socialism
5678:Modernism
5641:Objective
5549:Anarchism
5483:Averroism
5372:Christian
5324:Neotaoism
5295:Zurvanism
5285:Mithraism
5280:Mazdakism
5051:Cyrenaics
4978:Logicians
4611:Free will
4573:Solipsism
4520:Formalism
4271:—— 2006.
4245:cite book
4239:. Oxford.
4218:—— 2010.
4208:—— 1997.
3959:17 August
3882:ainfos.ca
3807:amazon.fr
3643:. BRILL.
3359:7 October
3124:213973255
3085:204522523
3077:1933-1592
2999:220327405
2801:0022-362X
2730:151903760
2592:. p. 567.
2434:171459875
2269:Routledge
2235:170419589
2196:170258796
2157:170819498
2049:219440957
1772:Citations
1746:Libertine
1672:Criticism
1648:pleasure—
1585:posthuman
1541:suffering
1494:Wikiquote
1481:contains
1424:bioethics
1409:aesthetic
1329:Libertine
1237:Max Weber
1131:heterodox
1101:Lucretius
1088:Lucretius
1072:Antiochia
1060:Platonism
1007:Leucippus
944:skeptical
899:Cyrenaics
849:anhedonia
776:ἡδονισμός
762:The term
758:Etymology
743:aesthetic
622:if it is
612:intrinsic
580:demanding
464:Bacchante
422:normative
414:sole form
289:Suffering
284:Sensation
264:Happiness
204:Cyrenaics
126:Lucretius
6486:Hedonism
6464:Category
6419:Yugoslav
6409:Romanian
6316:Scottish
6301:American
6230:Japanese
6210:Buddhist
6192:Africana
6182:Egyptian
6024:Feminist
5946:Rawlsian
5941:Quietism
5839:Analytic
5791:Krausism
5698:Nihilism
5663:Kokugaku
5626:Absolute
5621:Idealism
5609:Humanism
5397:Occamism
5364:European
5309:Medieval
5255:Yogacara
5215:Buddhist
5208:Syādvāda
5091:Stoicism
5056:Cynicism
5044:Sophists
5039:Atomists
5034:Eleatics
4973:Legalism
4914:Medieval
4838:Idealism
4792:Ontology
4772:Nihilism
4676:Idealism
4434:Branches
4423:Branches
4306:. 1891.
4293:. 1998.
4260:. 2002.
4229:(2020).
4198:. 2006.
4148:(2003),
4127:(1995),
4037:: 22–37.
4011:: 63–78.
3736:(2006).
3587:. 1812.
3273:"Beauty"
2502:. 1984.
1720:See also
1678:dopamine
1573:converge
1555:such as
1545:sentient
1171:Reformed
1145:orthodox
1135:Charvaka
1084:Ercolano
1064:Stoicism
1034:Epicurus
1016:ataraxia
975:Epicurus
937:altruism
917:Socrates
804:through
802:swéh₂dus
764:hedonism
477:Pleasure
420:, while
404:, where
395:egoistic
379:pleasure
375:Hedonism
279:Pleasure
254:Ataraxia
199:Charvaka
151:Yang Zhu
96:Epicurus
81:Jovinian
60:Thinkers
52:Hedonism
44:a series
42:Part of
6414:Russian
6383:Spanish
6378:Slovene
6368:Maltese
6363:Italian
6343:Finland
6311:British
6293:Western
6283:Turkish
6268:Islamic
6263:Iranian
6215:Chinese
6202:Eastern
6169:African
6116:more...
5801:Marxism
5631:British
5574:Dualism
5470:Islamic
5428:Advaita
5418:Vedanta
5392:Scotism
5387:Thomism
5329:Tiantai
5272:Persian
5260:Tibetan
5250:Śūnyatā
5191:Cārvāka
5181:Ājīvika
5176:Mīmāṃsā
5156:Samkhya
5071:Academy
5024:Ionians
4998:Yangism
4955:Chinese
4946:Ancient
4909:Western
4904:Ancient
4863:Realism
4820:Reality
4810:Process
4691:Realism
4671:Dualism
4666:Atomism
4548:Fideism
4331:(ed.).
4098:Sources
4062:utm.edu
2809:2026328
1543:in all
1355:Swedish
1287:Bentham
1126:nāstika
795:cognate
753:History
471:, 1894.
224:Yangism
6373:Polish
6353:German
6348:French
6333:Danish
6323:Canada
6273:Jewish
6235:Korean
6220:Indian
5762:People
5683:Monism
5636:German
5604:Holism
5537:Modern
5515:Jewish
5438:Dvaita
5411:Indian
5334:Huayan
5186:Ajñana
5143:Indian
5008:Greco-
4993:Taoism
4983:Mohism
4929:Modern
4896:By era
4885:By era
4800:Action
4681:Monism
4601:Virtue
4583:Ethics
4178:
4160:
4135:
4083:
3787:
3763:
3647:
3622:25 May
3613:
3533:
3122:
3083:
3075:
2997:
2956:
2807:
2799:
2728:
2563:
2432:
2384:
2350:
2233:
2194:
2155:
2047:
1567:, and
1264:action
1140:āstika
1080:Rhodes
1022:aponia
996:atomic
929:Cyrene
877:Siduri
829:-ismos
789:hēdonē
710:beauty
506:egoism
389:, and
269:Hedone
249:Aponia
6404:Aztec
6358:Greek
6338:Dutch
6328:Czech
6177:Bantu
5614:Anti-
5161:Nyaya
5151:Hindu
5011:Roman
4805:Event
4447:Logic
4366:, in
4327:. In
3120:S2CID
3081:S2CID
2995:S2CID
2950:42–45
2805:JSTOR
2726:S2CID
2430:S2CID
2231:S2CID
2192:S2CID
2153:S2CID
2045:S2CID
1618:lower
1608:won't
1581:vegan
1231:Islam
1225:Islam
1054:life.
819:hêdos
809:hēdús
797:from
782:ἡδονή
768:Greek
708:that
632:means
5505:Sufi
5339:Chan
5198:Jain
5171:Yoga
4701:Mind
4641:Hard
4629:Hard
4251:link
4176:ISBN
4158:ISBN
4133:ISBN
4081:ISBN
3986:2019
3961:2016
3922:2011
3785:ASIN
3761:ISBN
3645:ISBN
3624:2023
3611:ISBN
3531:ISBN
3361:2019
3302:2021
3236:2021
3150:2021
3073:ISSN
2954:ISBN
2922:2021
2896:2021
2870:2020
2797:ISSN
2643:2021
2616:2021
2561:ISBN
2487:2021
2461:2021
2395:2023
2382:ISBN
2361:2023
2348:ISBN
2327:2021
2093:2021
1951:2021
1926:2021
1860:2021
1835:2021
1439:....
1399:and
1341:and
1317:pigs
1303:Mill
1270:and
1082:and
1005:and
973:and
835:').
824:ἧδος
814:ἡδύς
733:and
731:pure
642:and
614:and
448:pain
274:Pain
5779:Neo
5344:Zen
3205:doi
3112:doi
3065:doi
3061:102
2987:doi
2789:doi
2718:doi
2670:doi
2540:."
2422:doi
2223:doi
2219:133
2184:doi
2180:155
2145:doi
2141:162
2037:doi
2033:178
1656:).
1194:in.
1107:at
1099:by
833:ism
745:or
682:'s
626:or
551:or
467:by
438:or
424:or
416:of
408:or
387:art
6482::
4353:.
4297:.
4281:.
4264:.
4247:}}
4243:{{
4233:.
4212:.
4156:,
4152:,
4110:.
4060:.
4035:12
4033:.
4029:.
4017:^
4009:24
4007:.
4003:.
3977:.
3952:.
3898:.
3880:.
3862:.
3833:^
3823:.
3805:.
3783:.
3706:.
3570:.
3559:^
3459:^
3444:^
3415:^
3393:.
3352:.
3293:.
3275:.
3263:^
3253:.
3227:.
3201:77
3199:.
3195:.
3175:^
3141:.
3118:.
3108:15
3106:.
3102:.
3079:.
3071:.
3059:.
3055:.
3041:^
2993:.
2983:23
2981:.
2977:.
2952:.
2930:^
2913:.
2887:.
2860:.
2803:.
2795:.
2785:83
2783:.
2779:.
2724:.
2714:12
2712:.
2708:.
2666:60
2664:.
2660:.
2633:.
2606:.
2477:.
2451:.
2428:.
2418:97
2416:.
2412:.
2318:.
2301:^
2277:^
2267:.
2243:^
2229:.
2217:.
2213:.
2190:.
2178:.
2174:.
2151:.
2139:.
2135:.
2123:^
2101:^
2083:.
2043:.
2031:.
2027:.
2009:^
1999:.
1987:^
1977:.
1959:^
1942:.
1916:.
1868:^
1851:.
1826:.
1780:^
1705:do
1631:Un
1563:,
1559:,
1533:.
1435:,
1361:,
1345:.
1221:.
1115:.
1078:,
1074:,
1049::
985:c.
939:.
884:.
852:.
785:,
563:.
450:.
385:,
46:on
4403:e
4396:t
4389:v
4376:.
4359:.
4337:.
4287:.
4268:.
4253:)
4205:.
4089:.
4064:.
3988:.
3963:.
3924:.
3902:.
3884:.
3866:.
3809:.
3791:.
3769:.
3710:.
3692:.
3677:.
3626:.
3539:.
3397:.
3363:.
3304:.
3257:.
3238:.
3213:.
3207::
3152:.
3126:.
3114::
3087:.
3067::
3001:.
2989::
2962:.
2924:.
2898:.
2872:.
2811:.
2791::
2732:.
2720::
2676:.
2672::
2645:.
2618:.
2569:.
2544:.
2512:.
2489:.
2463:.
2436:.
2424::
2397:.
2363:.
2329:.
2271:.
2237:.
2225::
2198:.
2186::
2159:.
2147::
2095:.
2051:.
2039::
1953:.
1928:.
1862:.
1837:.
1508:)
1504:(
1500:.
1486:.
1189::
874:,
821:(
811:(
773:(
363:e
356:t
349:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.