607:
sickness, sorrow and suffering, death (of relatives) and worry and fear take almost half of the rest. In the ten and some years that is left, I reckon, there is not one moment in which we can be happy, at ease without worry. This being the case, what is life for? What pleasure is there? For beauty and abundance, that is all. For music and sex, that is all. But the desire for beauty and abundance cannot always be satisfied, and music and sex cannot always be enjoyed. Besides, we are prohibited by punishment and exhorted by rewards, pushed by fame and checked by law. We busily strive for the empty praise which is only temporary, and seek extra glory that would come after death. Being alone ourselves, we pay great care to what our ears hear and what our eyes see, and are much concerned with what is right or wrong for our bodies and minds. Thus we lose the great happiness of the present and cannot give ourselves free rein for a single moment. What is the difference between that and many chains and double prisons?
223:
be happy and also contribute to the welfare of the world. When personal interests conflict with collective interests or national interests, more respect and protection of personal interests should be taken. On the surface, this seems to be unfavorable to society and the collective, and it is also the most vulnerable to questioning and criticism. In fact, on the contrary, this has safeguarded both personal interests and social interests. Because the foundation of society exists for people, not people to exist for society.
214:
According to
Mencius, "Yang's principle is, 'Each for himself'—which does not acknowledge the claims of the sovereign. Mo's principle is, 'To love all equally'—which does not acknowledge the peculiar affection due to a father. To acknowledge neither king nor father is to be in the state of the beast.
222:
Yang Zhu taught, "If everyone does not harm a single hair, and if everyone does not benefit the world, the world will be well governed of itself." In other words, everyone should mind their own business, neither giving nor taking from others, and be content with what he has, and in that way one will
218:
Mencius criticized Yang Zhu as one "who would not pluck a hair from his body to benefit the world." However, Yang Zhu emphasized that self-impairment, symbolized by the plucking of one's hair, would in no way lead to others' benefit. Although he would not toil for others, he would not harm them for
616:
Yang Zhu agreed with the search for happiness, but he felt one should not strive for life beyond one's allotted span, nor should one unnecessarily shorten one's life. Death is as natural as life, Yang Zhu felt, and therefore should be viewed with neither fear nor awe. Funeral ceremonies are of no
606:
One hundred years is the limit of a long life. Not one in a thousand ever attains it. Suppose there is one such person. Infancy and feeble old age take almost half of his time. Rest during sleep at night and what is wasted during the waking hours in the daytime take almost half of that. Pain and
617:
worth to the deceased. "Dead people are not concerned whether their bodies are buried in coffins, cremated, dumped in water or in a ditch; nor whether the body is dressed in fine clothes. What matters most is that before death strikes one lives life to the fullest."
585:
All beings, thought Yang Zhu, have the survival instinct, but man, the highest of creatures, lacking the strength of animals, must rely on intelligence to survive rather than strength. He felt that strength was despicable when used against others.
193:為我), which has led him to be credited with "the discovery of the body". In comparison with other Chinese philosophical giants, Yang Zhu has recently faded into relative obscurity, but his influence in his own time was so widespread that
215:
If their principles are not stopped, and the principles of
Confucius set forth, their perverse speaking will delude the people, and stop up the path of benevolence and righteousness."
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teacher identified with a new philosophical trend toward naturalism as the best means of preserving life in a decadent and turbulent world.
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Yang Zhu directed his thought to attainment of the spiritual self through self-expression and finding contentment.
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influence of the rest of the work. Of particular note is his recognition of self-preservation (
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described Yang's philosophy as "a mixture of pessimism and fatalism". The Yang Zhu chapter of
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845:. Translated by Frank A. Kierman Jr. The University of Massachusetts Press.
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described his philosophies along with the antithetical ideas of
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Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical
Argument in Ancient China
181:
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The philosophies attributed to Yang Zhu, as presented in the
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890:. Translated by Wolfi Landstreicher. Underworld Amusements.
578:, Yang Zhu was, according to contemporary sources, an early
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61:
784:
Emerson, John (1996). "Yang Chu's
Discovery of the Body".
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19:"Master Yang" redirects here. For Ninjago character, see
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16:
Chinese founder of
Yangist philosophy (440–c.360 BC)
201:as "floods and wild animals that ravage the land".
66:
52:
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888:The Unique and Its Property: A New Translation
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172:. He founded the philosophical school of "
566:Although his detractors present him as a
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758:A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy
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852:Mencius and Early Chinese Thought
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118:; 440–c.360 BC), also known as
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760:. Princeton University Press.
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122:(Master Yang), was a Chinese
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278:Julien Offray de La Mettrie
185:, clash with the primarily
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1058:Hundred Schools of Thought
834:Encyclopedia of Philosophy
210:Mencius's view of Yang Zhu
25:
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2433:Zhou dynasty philosophers
2428:Philosophers of pessimism
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836:. Vol. 8. Macmillan.
850:Shun, Kwong-loi (2000).
786:Philosophy East and West
756:Chan, Wing-Tsit (1963).
642:
204:
1053:Nine Schools of Thought
879:Encyclopedia Britannica
841:Maspero, Henri (1978).
328:Metrodorus of Lampsacus
2356:State consequentialism
886:Stirner, Max (2017) .
609:
519:"Wine, women and song"
376:Psychological hedonism
308:Aristippus the Younger
1373:Northern and Southern
813:Graham, A.C. (1993).
767:Our Oriental Heritage
765:Durant, Will (1963).
604:
298:Theodorus the Atheist
128:Warring States period
2418:Atheist philosophers
832:Liu, Wu-Chi (1967).
386:Axiological hedonism
227:Philosophy of nature
1003:School of Diplomacy
612:Philosophy of death
509:Paradox of hedonism
370:Schools of hedonism
160:, and possibly the
90:traditional Chinese
937:Chinese philosophy
897:978-1-94 3687-90-9
843:China in Antiquity
590:Philosophy of life
491:Felicific calculus
406:Christian hedonism
82:simplified Chinese
2400:
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2248:Mandate of Heaven
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865:978-0-8047-4017-3
669:, pp. 40–41.
564:
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514:Hedonic treadmill
258:Ajita Kesakambali
140:Confucian thought
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2423:Chinese atheists
2277:Self-cultivation
2182:Neo-Confucianism
1917:Chung-ying Cheng
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503:Related articles
381:Ethical hedonism
353:Esperanza Guisán
348:Torbjörn Tännsjö
268:John Stuart Mill
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2102:Zhang Shenfu
2087:Yin Haiguang
2082:Yang Changji
2027:Liu Xiaofeng
2012:Liang Qichao
1897:Carsun Chang
1885:20th century
1871:Zhuang Cunyu
1801:Hong Liangji
1761:Chen Menglei
1756:Chen Hongmou
1738:Zhan Ruoshui
1698:Liu Zongzhou
1668:Hong Zicheng
1663:Huang Zongxi
1569:Fan Zhongyan
1547:Ten Kingdoms
1533:Linji Yixuan
1528:Liu Zongyuan
1211:
1117:Gongsun Long
1079:Eastern Zhou
1070:Philosophers
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1044:Mixed School
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966:Han learning
961:Confucianism
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435:Key concepts
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401:Epicureanism
358:Peter Singer
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333:David Pearce
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28:Chinese name
2351:Role ethics
2336:Metaphysics
2112:Zhou Zuoren
2072:Xiong Shili
2057:Tang Chun-i
2052:Sun Yat-sen
2047:Qiu Renzong
2042:Mou Zongsan
1992:Kang Youwei
1937:Feng Youlan
1902:P. C. Chang
1892:Cai Yuanpei
1876:Zeng Guofan
1861:Yu Zhengxie
1791:Gong Zizhen
1786:Feng Guifen
1776:Fang Lanfen
1708:Qian Dehong
1508:Zhang Zhihe
1444:Xiahou Xuan
1384:Bao Jingyan
1227:Zhuang Zhou
716:Durant 1963
422:Libertinage
130:. An early
126:during the
124:philosopher
32:family name
2407:Categories
2390:Legitimacy
2092:Yu Dunkang
2062:Tang Yijie
2037:Mao Zedong
2022:Lin Yutang
1987:Jin Yuelin
1982:Jiang Qing
1957:He Guanghu
1927:Chu Anping
1912:Chen Duxiu
1841:Wang Fuzhi
1831:Tan Sitong
1826:Pan Pingge
1821:Liu Yiming
1703:Luo Rufang
1624:Zhou Dunyi
1609:Wang Chuyi
1599:Wang Anshi
1579:Lu Jiuyuan
1459:Yan Zhitui
1449:Xie Daoyun
1351:Yang Xiong
1336:Wang Chong
1311:Kong Anguo
1172:Shen Buhai
1167:Shang Yang
1122:Guan Zhong
1092:Chunyu Kun
1013:Naturalism
875:"Yang Zhu"
749:References
451:Eudaimonia
313:Hermarchus
283:Aristippus
108:Wade–Giles
2369:Shan shui
2302:Zhengming
2077:Xu Fuguan
2002:Li Shicen
1977:Ray Huang
1962:Hu Qiaomu
1932:Fang Keli
1922:Ch'ien Mu
1907:Chen Daqi
1836:Tang Zhen
1781:Fang Quan
1693:Liu Bowen
1683:Lai Zhide
1673:Jiao Hong
1658:Chen Jiru
1619:Zhang Zai
1584:Shao Yong
1559:Cheng Hao
1503:Wang Tong
1404:Guo Xiang
1326:Liu Xiang
1306:Jing Fang
1217:Yuan Xian
1197:Ximen Bao
1152:Lie Yukou
1107:Duanmu Ci
1097:Confucius
983:Huang–Lao
740:Chan 1963
667:Shun 2000
572:Epicurean
481:Suffering
476:Sensation
456:Happiness
396:Cyrenaics
318:Lucretius
145:Huainanzi
2363:Ink wash
2341:Politics
2331:Theology
2190:Ming yun
2166:Jing zuo
2125:Concepts
2007:Li Zehou
1972:Hua Gang
1942:Gan Yang
1851:Yan Yuan
1846:Wei Yuan
1816:Lin Zexu
1796:Gu Yanwu
1771:Fang Bao
1766:Dai Zhen
1728:Wu Cheng
1718:Wang Gen
1589:Shen Kuo
1564:Cheng Yi
1523:Liu Yuxi
1429:Sengzhao
1389:Fan Zhen
1291:Huan Tan
1271:Ban Zhao
1222:Zhang Yi
1212:Yang Zhu
1177:Shen Dao
1087:Bu Shang
988:Legalism
956:Buddhism
704:Liu 1967
632:Hedonism
621:See also
568:hedonist
471:Pleasure
446:Ataraxia
391:Charvaka
343:Yang Zhu
288:Epicurus
273:Jovinian
252:Thinkers
244:Hedonism
236:a series
234:Part of
169:Zhuangzi
114:Yang Chu
103:Yáng Zhū
44:Yang Zhu
26:In this
2375:Society
2152:Jian'ai
1967:Hu Shih
1952:Gu Zhun
1811:Ma Qixi
1713:Wang Ji
1678:Jiao Yu
1594:Su Song
1574:Hu Hong
1464:Zhi Dun
1454:Xun Can
1439:Wang Bi
1434:Wang Su
1424:Ji Kang
1419:Huiyuan
1409:Fu Xuan
1399:Ge Hong
1346:Xun Yue
1341:Wang Fu
1331:Ma Rong
1301:Jia Kui
1242:Zou Yan
1202:Xu Xing
1187:Sun Tzu
1157:Mencius
1132:Hui Shi
1127:Han Fei
1102:Deng Xi
1039:Yangism
1031:Xuanxue
998:Marxism
944:Schools
806:1399495
637:Yangism
416:Yangism
195:Mencius
174:Yangism
2346:Ethics
2319:Topics
2254:Wu wei
2032:Lu Xun
1856:Yu Yue
1806:Ji Yun
1688:Li Zhi
1629:Zhu Xi
1614:Ye Shi
1513:Han Yu
1498:Jizang
1414:He Yan
1394:Fan Ye
1321:Lu Jia
1316:Liu An
1296:Jia Yi
1286:Dou Wu
1232:Zichan
1182:Su Qin
1142:Li Kui
1024:Daoxue
1018:Taoism
993:Mohism
894:
862:
821:
804:
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655:Stefon
627:Egoism
602:says:
580:Daoist
576:egoist
574:, and
461:Hedone
441:Aponia
187:Daoist
157:Mengzi
136:Mohist
120:Yangzi
110::
100::
98:pinyin
92::
84::
30:, the
2326:Logic
2309:Ziran
1947:Gu Su
1733:Xu Ai
1518:Li Ao
1493:Fu Yi
1207:Xunzi
1192:Wu Qi
1147:Li Si
1137:Laozi
1112:Gaozi
802:JSTOR
643:Notes
600:Liezi
205:Views
191:weiwo
182:Liezi
163:Liezi
2295:Yong
2242:Tian
2221:Shen
2202:Qing
2159:Jing
1748:Qing
1647:Ming
1642:Yuan
1551:Song
1482:Tang
1237:Zisi
1162:Mozi
892:ISBN
860:ISBN
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771:ISBN
466:Pain
199:Mozi
166:and
138:and
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2266:Xin
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