497:, his true intentions were supposedly revealed when he stated that he would rather be executed for refusing the king's order, than lose his long undefeated fame on the battlefield. Having been refused several times, the king became angry, removed all titles from Bai Qi, and forced him to leave Xianyang, the Qin capital. In addition, Fan Ju persuaded the king that Bai Qi would join another state as a general and become a threat to the State of Qin. Convinced by Fan Ju's information, the king then forced Bai Qi to commit suicide in Duyou (
477:), who subsequently lost the battle. After about four months, when Bai Qi seemed to have recovered, the king asked him to return to his post as commander, but Bai Qi held a different opinion, he argued that Qin no longer had enough resources for such a long-range war, and the other states would soon attack Qin since Qin had been contrary to the negotiation. However, the king insisted on continuing the attack. Bai Qi refused the king's command, using his illness as an excuse. The king, therefore, had to use
176:, he seized more than 73 cities from the other six hostile states, and to date no record has been found to show that he suffered a single defeat throughout his military career. He was instrumental in the rise of Qin as a military hegemon and the weakening of its rival states, thus enabling Qin's eventual conquest of them. He is regarded by Chinese folklore as one of the four Greatest Generals of the Late Warring States period, along with
52:
456:), who was persuaded by a talker from Zhao, feared Bai Qi's rising power, and recommended that the king stop the attack on the pretext that the Qin troops ought to be rested, and to accept a ceded territory negotiation. Bai Qi stopped the attack; on his return journey to the State of Qin, he fell ill.
438:
as acting commander, Bai Qi was appointed to succeed Wang He as commander of the Qin army and was promoted to Shang
Jiangjun (上將軍, literally "Generalissimo" or "Supreme Commander"). The Zhao army was split into two parts and its supply lines and retreat route cut off by Bai Qi. More than 400,000 Zhao
414:
Sometines before 262 BC, after the split of alliance between Qi state and Wei state, Bai Qi was sent by the new king of Qin to lead 200,000 mens to attack Han, where they met the opposition forces of Han and Wei states of 300,000 mens. Bai Qi managed to capture Yowang, and disrupt connection between
490:
This decision did not help the Qin army in the battle at all; Chu and Wei soon sent troops to assist Zhao. After more than five months of continuous defeat at Handan, Qin had suffered major losses. The king asked Bai Qi to become commander again, but he once more used his illness to refuse the
713:
calendar used in this era, the 50th year of King
Zhaoxiang's reign began on 07 November 258 BCE and ended on 26 October 257 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar. However, Bai Qi's biography in vol. 73 of
404:), where he massacred the submitting soldiers, reportedly numbering around 150,000 troops in total: 130,000 Wei soldiers with a further 20,000 Zhao soldiers being killed and thrown into a river.
446:
Bai Qi wanted to end Zhao once and for all, as they were weary and psychologically affected by the losses incurred from the Battle of
Changping, but the prime minister of Qin,
468:
219:
538:, today's Changping, called Bai Qi meat, is well known. Some stories have been written about Bai Qi suffering for his brutal actions, such as one mentioned in the
478:
600:
Bai Qi, also known by the
Japanese reading of his name, "Haku Ki", was the leader of the former generation of the "Qin Six Great Generals" in the manga series
780:《太原白氏家状二道·故巩县令白府君事状》：白氏芊姓，楚公族也。楚熊居太子建奔郑，建之子胜居于吴楚间，号白公，因氏焉。楚杀白公，其子奔秦，代为名将，乙丙已降是也。裔孙白起，有大功于秦，封武安君。后非其罪，赐死杜邮，秦人怜之，立祠庙于咸阳，至今存焉。及始皇思武安之功，封其子仲于太原，子孙因家焉，故今为太原人。
144:), Bai Qi served as the commander of the Qin army for more than 30 years, being responsible for the deaths of over one million, earning him the nickname
369:), the capital city of Chu, in the process seizing considerable amounts of territory. As a reward, he was given the title Lord Wu'an (武安君; literally:
978:
250:
1248:
1243:
1203:
718:
indicated that he died in the 11th month of the same year; this corresponds to 7 Dec 258 BCE to 5 Jan 257 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar.
579:
1088:
1058:
211:
1228:
1218:
1178:
569:
223:
447:
540:
443:
people who surrendered after Zhao Kuo was shot dead by Qin crossbowmen, were slain (坑殺; buried alive) on the orders of Bai Qi.
894:
1258:
1124:
940:
606:. He was one of the best tacticians of his era and one of the most feared Generals in China, he personally led the infamous
544:, which says that an ox with two Chinese characters, 'Bai Qi', tattooed on its back, was executed by lightning during the
503:). Before he committed suicide, Bai Qi stated that he deserved such a tragic ending after having killed so many people.
1198:
597:. His younger portrayals are played by Yang Yanduo (杨砚铎) (9-year-old Bai Qi) and Qiu Muyuan (裘慕遠) (15-year-old Bai Qi).
851:
744:
867:
841:
729:
619:
875:
930:
1223:
662:
460:
173:
1238:
530:
He is noted in
Chinese history as a symbol of brutality rather than for his military talent. The traditional
1213:
574:
1233:
982:
1253:
1108:
556:
1092:
1066:
1193:
709:; this corresponds to 6 Jan to 3 Feb 257 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar. In the modified
333:), reportedly slaughtering around 240,000 enemy soldiers in total while capturing some cities.
907:
Historical
Records 史记: The First and Most Important Biographical General History Book in China
799:
617:
Bai Qi is one of the 32 historical figures who appear as special characters in the video game
1208:
706:
641:
353:
133:
467:, the capital of Zhao. Because Bai Qi was ill, the Qin king used another prominent general,
593:
8:
607:
552:
423:
286:
1117:
The Songs of the South: An
Ancient Chinese Anthology of Poems by Qu Yuan and Other Poets
627:. He has the highest military leadership statistics of all the characters, tied only to
1046:
584:
254:
215:
1120:
936:
847:
877:
The
Political History of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
290:
266:
231:
203:
100:
262:
905:
673:
646:
602:
316:
282:
270:
181:
21:
516:
207:
705:
indicated that Bai Qi died in the 12th month of the 50th year of the reign of
1187:
520:
337:
258:
227:
197:
26:
611:
545:
427:
408:
387:
377:
345:
306:
296:
235:
17:
771:《新唐书·卷七十五下·宰相世系表》记载西乞术、白乙丙为孟明視之子，而《史记·卷五·秦本纪》则记载西乞术、白乙丙是蹇叔之子，所以省略前段争议资料不用。
559:
once decided to dedicate a temple over a collection of the remains there.
493:
129:
551:
Human remains used to and still continue to be found at the site of the
1033:
487:), another prominent Qin general, instead of Bai Qi, as the commander.
376:
In 273 BC, the Qin army under his command defeated the joint armies of
360:
206:, Volume 75 Second Part, wrote that he was descended from a general of
137:
901:
668:
440:
391:
678:
512:
431:
416:
350:
Commander of the
Officers, before 328 BC also Prime Minister of Qin
242:
656:
628:
535:
435:
411:
fortresses and thereafter decapitated the 50,000 enemy soldiers.
326:
185:
141:
188:; he is also remembered as the most fearsome amongst the four.
591:
Bai Qi is played by Zeng
Hongchang (曾虹畅) in the 2015 TV series
464:
247:
Therefore, The Case of Bai Fujun, The Magistrate of Gong County
651:
610:, and under his cold gaze, executed and buried alive 450,000
524:
401:
330:
177:
833:
624:
531:
373:). Reportedly drowning 100,000 people in a flood attack.
51:
33:
Chinese Qin state military general ( c. 332 BC – 257 BC)
295:
In 293 BC, Bai Qi led the Qin army to victory against
1163:
Records of the states during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty
426:
in 260 BC, after Qin intelligence reported that the
1185:
1034:"An Exceptional Marshal and God of War - Bai Qi"
1111:, translator and introduction (2011 ). Qu Yuan
789:《史记·卷六十六·伍子胥列传》：叶公闻白公为乱，率其国人攻白公。白公之徒败，亡走山中，自杀。
498:
482:
472:
463:, in the year 257 BC, Qin started to besiege
451:
395:
381:
364:
320:
310:
300:
151:
145:
123:
157:
359:In 278 BC, he led the Qin army to capture
50:
900:
128:), was a Chinese military general of the
922:
430:army was commanded by the inexperienced
269:, the rebellious prince in the reign of
541:Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms
249:(故巩县令白府君事状) that he was descended from
1186:
1149:Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji)
839:
407:In 264 BC, he successfully besieged 5
245:of the Tang dynasty wrote in his book
1249:Generals of the Warring States period
1244:Suicides by sharp instrument in China
1204:Suicides in the Warring States period
562:
390:at Huayang (華陽; south of present-day
1130:
928:
800:"Bai Qi 白起 (www.chinaknowledge.de)"
745:"How many people had Bai Qi killed"
434:, who had replaced the experienced
13:
1229:People executed by the Qin dynasty
873:
774:
222:. Baiyi Bing himself was a son of
14:
1270:
1219:Forced suicides of Chinese people
1169:
1145:Biography of Wang Jian and Bai Qi
1143:(Western Han Dynasty, Sima Qian,
1017:
1002:
962:
730:Strategies of the Warring States
620:Romance of the Three Kingdoms XI
336:In 292 BC, he was promoted from
1102:
1081:
1051:
1040:
1026:
1011:
996:
971:
956:
935:(in English and Chamorro). 露露.
824:
815:
118:January 257 BC), also known as
806:
792:
783:
765:
751:
737:
721:
695:
663:Records of the Grand Historian
572:in the 2012 television series
511:Bai Qi sometimes appears as a
396:
382:
321:
311:
124:
1:
1161:(Qing dynasty, Cai Yuanfang.
684:
115:
108:
1259:Executed Zhou dynasty people
689:
7:
843:Modern Chinese History：春秋战国
635:
575:The Qin Empire II: Alliance
191:
146:
136:. Born in Mei (present-day
10:
1275:
1089:"Battlefield of Changping"
759:Thousand-Character Classic
342:Vice Prime Minister of Qin
280:
195:
15:
1199:3rd-century BC executions
1119:. London: Penguin Books.
506:
499:
483:
473:
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365:
319:(in present-day Longmen (
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86:
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58:
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557:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
439:soldiers, including the
419:and the capital of Han.
276:
523:, usually paired with
1224:Generals from Shaanxi
707:King Zhaoxiang of Qin
642:King Zhaoxiang of Qin
371:Lord of Martial Peace
354:King Zhaoxiang of Qin
134:Warring States period
1239:Qin dynasty generals
1063:www.sx.xinhuanet.com
594:The Legend of Mi Yue
568:Bai Qi is played by
555:around Gaoping. The
172:). According to the
1214:Deified Chinese men
1020:The Grand Historian
1005:The Grand Historian
965:The Grand Historian
608:Battle of Changping
582:in its 2017 sequel
553:Battle of Changping
424:Battle of Changping
287:Battle of Changping
1069:on 26 October 2009
585:The Qin Empire III
563:In popular culture
1234:People from Baoji
1131:Further reference
1125:978-0-14-044375-2
979:"Minister Fan Ju"
942:978-1-304-91731-7
459:According to the
94:
93:
1266:
1254:Qin state people
1179:Bai Qi Time Line
1177:
1156:
1138:
1097:
1096:
1091:. Archived from
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1065:. Archived from
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325:), southeast of
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291:Battle of Handan
267:King Ping of Chu
241:Though the poet
232:scholar-official
220:Jiǎn lineage (蹇)
204:New Book of Tang
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1170:External links
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1141:史記 卷七十三 白起王翦列傳
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1095:on 2009-10-26.
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1047:就是俺们这里的：高平烧豆腐
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1155:(in Chinese)
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1137:(in Chinese)
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1103:Bibliography
1093:the original
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:the original
1062:
1053:
1042:
1028:
1019:
1018:Sima, Qian.
1013:
1004:
1003:Sima, Qian.
998:
987:. Retrieved
983:the original
973:
964:
963:Sima, Qian.
958:
946:. Retrieved
931:
929:孙毓修 (2023).
924:
912:. Retrieved
906:
896:
884:. Retrieved
876:
869:
857:. Retrieved
842:
840:liping guo.
835:
826:
821:史記·卷七十二·穰侯列傳
817:
808:
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785:
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546:Tang dynasty
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346:Da Liang Zao
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95:
25:
18:Chinese name
910:. Deeplogic
812:Hawkes, 162
701:Vol. 05 of
494:Zhan Guo Ce
422:During the
263:Mǐ clan (羋)
259:Bai lineage
132:during the
59:Nickname(s)
22:family name
1188:Categories
1073:13 January
989:2018-12-24
685:References
257:), of the
212:Baiyi Bing
196:See also:
138:Mei County
120:Gongsun Qi
87:Allegiance
72:Mei county
902:Sima Qian
690:Citations
674:Wang Jian
669:Sima Qian
614:soldiers.
469:Wang Ling
441:Shangdang
392:Zhengzhou
238:origins.
230:), a Qin
218:) of the
182:Wang Jian
130:Qin state
70:c. 332 BC
40:Lord Wuan
1157:清, 蔡元放.
1139:西漢, 司馬遷.
932:信陵君（英文版）
904:(2019).
874:Li Shi.
679:Zhao Kuo
636:See also
570:Sun Ting
534:dish of
513:door god
432:Zhao Kuo
417:Shandong
243:Bai Juyi
224:Jiǎn Shū
192:Ancestry
16:In this
1059:"长平古战场"
881:(ebook)
711:Zhuanxu
657:Lian Po
629:Han Xin
603:Kingdom
578:and by
536:Gaoping
517:Chinese
479:Wang He
436:Lian Po
327:Luoyang
261:of the
186:Lian Po
161:
142:Shaanxi
101:Chinese
1123:
1113:et al.
939:
850:
507:Legacy
465:Handan
448:Fan Ju
386:) and
348:(大良造;
340:(左庶長;
305:) and
289:, and
184:, and
147:Ren Tu
103::
97:Bai Qi
80:257 BC
62:Ren Tu
44:Bai Qi
20:, the
1159:東周列國志
948:1 May
914:1 May
886:1 May
859:1 May
716:Shiji
703:Shiji
652:Li Mu
525:Li Mu
461:Shiji
402:Henan
352:) by
344:) to
331:Henan
234:with
178:Li Mu
174:Shiji
82:Duyou
1121:ISBN
1075:2022
950:2024
937:ISBN
916:2024
888:2024
861:2024
848:ISBN
625:Koei
612:Zhao
532:Tofu
519:and
428:Zhao
378:Zhao
361:Ying
277:Life
236:Song
202:The
158:lit.
77:Died
67:Born
623:by
515:on
409:Han
400:),
388:Wei
307:Han
297:Wei
255:白公胜
216:白乙丙
125:公孫起
90:Qin
27:Bai
24:is
1190::
1115:,
1061:.
548:.
527:.
500:杜郵
484:王齕
474:王陵
453:范雎
397:鄭州
356:.
329:,
322:龍門
285:,
273:.
228:蹇叔
210:,
180:,
156:;
153:人屠
140:,
116:c.
114:–
109:c.
107:;
105:白起
1165:)
1151:)
1077:.
1036:.
1022:.
1007:.
992:.
967:.
952:.
918:.
890:.
863:.
802:.
761:.
747:.
733:.
631:.
588:.
481:(
471:(
450:(
394:(
383:趙
380:(
366:郢
363:(
312:韓
309:(
302:魏
299:(
253:(
226:(
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150:(
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99:(
30:.
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