370:. The Qin decided to send spies to the Zhao court, bribing key courtiers such as Guo Kai (郭開) and Han Cang (韓倉) to persuade the King of Zhao to replace Li Mu and Sima Shang (司馬尚) with Zhao Cong (趙蔥) and Yan Ju (顏聚) as generals by alleging that the former were planning a rebellion. The plan succeeded. Li Mu was expelled from his position and soon thereafter either executed or forced to commit suicide on the king's orders.
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275:(or shan-yü, title for the chief of the Xiongnu) heard of this and then sent a large force to invade Zhao. The Zhao divided into two armies, encircled and beat the Xiongnu, killing hundreds of thousands of men and horses. Then the Zhao exterminated the Dan Lan, defeated the Dong Hu, forced the Lin Hu to surrender, making the shan-yü flee.
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The Zhao state prepared an army of 1,300 war chariots, 13,000 cavalry, 50,000 infantry and 100,000 archers. The army was scattered in the countryside. The
Xiongnu sent a small force to raid the border, and Li Mu pretended to be defeated, and abandoned a few thousand men to the Xiongnu. The
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invaded Zhao, but he (along with fellow generals Yang Duan He, Qiang Lei and Li Xin) could not make any progress against Li Mu, resulting in a stalemate. Eliminating Li Mu became a necessity for Qin to conquer Zhao and ultimately to unify
289:, Li Mu turned his focus more towards the western parts of Zhao. However, the State of Zhao was significantly weakened. After having previously suffered utter defeat at the hands of Qin forces led by
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Nevertheless, Li Mu could still hold out against and compete with the much stronger Qin forces. So while Qin could raid Wei and Han at will, they had a much harder time pillaging in Zhao.
327:(桓齮) attacked the cities of Chili (赤麗) and Yi'an (宜安). Li Mu was appointed as commander in chief of the Zhao army, engaging and crushing the Qin army at Yi'an (宜安; around present-day
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in 260 BC, in which Zhao had lost virtually its entire army, most of the core Zhao territories had fallen to Qin. Furthermore, Zhao was diplomatically isolated as the
Kingdoms of
267:(匈奴) and other tribes. He initially adopted an extremely defensive strategy, for which he was accused of cowardice and thereafter replaced by a more aggressive general.
358:). Li Mu (according to some interpretations) also held off a Han-Wei incursion in Southern Zhao, after this battle the Zhao forces withdrew into their capital area.
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During the year 232 BC, a Qin army invaded Zhao and captured the City of
Langmeng, but were once again defeated by Li Mu at the Battle of Fanwu (番吾; in present-day
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With Li Mu's death, the fall of Zhao became inevitable, and the state was swiftly crushed afterwards by Qin forces. And in just a few years' time the state of
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and ordered to defend northwestern commanderies of
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were more willing to see the kingdom extinguished than face the powerful Qin.
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483:"Li Mu 李牧 (www.chinaknowledge.de)"
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