Baltic states - Knowledge

2110: 1231:), the pipeline supply of natural gas and tanker supply of oil are unreliable without modernization of energy infrastructure. Secondly, the dependence on single supplier – Russia – is not healthy both for economics and politics. As it was in 2009 during the Russian-Ukrainian gas dispute, when states of Eastern Europe were deprived from access to the natural gas deliveries, the reoccurrence of the situation may again lead to economic, political and social crisis. Therefore, the diversification of suppliers is needed. Finally, the low technological enhancement results in slow adaptation of new technologies, such as construction and use of renewable sources of energy. This also poses a threat to energy security of the Baltic states, because slows down the renewable energy consumption and lead to low rates of energy efficiency. 2048: 1118: 1985: 1542: 920: 689: 1997: 2028: 1951: 2216: 2090: 1138: 595: 63: 1272: 1108: 1935: 2720: 2130: 1192:

delivery also have been sustained from Soviet times: These are ports in Ventspils, Butinge and Tallinn. Therefore, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania play a significant role not only in consuming, but also in distribution of Russian energy fuels extracting transaction fees. So, the overall EU dependence on the Russia's energy supplies from the one hand and the need of Baltic states to import energy fuels from their closer hydrocarbon-rich neighbor creates a tension that could jeopardize the energy security of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

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languages, so knowledge of some Russian became a practical necessity in daily life in Russian-dominated urban areas. As a result, even to this day most of the three countries' middle age and senior population can understand and speak some Russian, especially people aged over 50 years who went to school during the Soviet rule. The question of assimilation, or integration, of the Russian-speaking immigrants is a major factor in current social and diplomatic affairs.

1396: 2257: 5462: 2768: 5160: 104: 552: 326: 1476:) ideology and under tight control of the Communist Party (those of the Baltic nationals who crossed the line were called "bourgeois nationalists" and repressed). This let Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians preserve a high degree of Europe-oriented national identity. In Soviet times this made them appear as the "West" of the Soviet Union in the cultural and political sense, thus as close to emigration a Russian could get without leaving the USSR. 2239: 2744: 2248: 5134: 78: 2756: 2732: 5147: 91: 3091: 5472: 657:" (1934–1938) in Estonia, respectively. Some emphasise that the events in Lithuania differed from the other two countries, with Smetona having different motivations as well as securing power eight years before any such events in Latvia or Estonia took place. Despite considerable political turmoil in Finland, no such authoritarian figure took power there. It had, however, been embroiled in a 2708: 4053: 1216:

achieved the best results on carbon intensity of economy but its energy dependence level is still very high. Latvia performed the best according to all indicators. Especially, the high share of renewables were introduced to the energy production of Latvia, that can be explained by the state's geographical location and favorable natural conditions.

1472:) and popular resentment towards the imposed Soviet rule in the three countries, in combination with Soviet cultural policy, which employed superficial multiculturalism (in order for the Soviet Union to appear as a multinational union based on the free will of its peoples) in limits allowed by the communist "internationalist" (but in effect pro- 4061: 747:. In all three countries simultaneously, rigged elections (in which only pro-Stalinist candidates were allowed to run) were staged in July 1940, the newly assembled "parliaments" in each of the three countries then unanimously applied to join the Soviet Union, and in August 1940 were incorporated into the USSR as the 907:, setting a precedent for the other Soviet republics to secede from the USSR. The Soviet Union recognized the independence of three Baltic states on 6 September 1991. Troops were withdrawn from the region (starting from Lithuania) from August 1993. The last Russian troops were withdrawn from there in August 1994. 1092:

currency and central bank. Generally, they shortly encountered the following problems: high inflation, high unemployment, low economic growth and high government debt. The inflation rate, in the examined area, relatively quickly dropped to below 5% by 2000. Meanwhile, these economies were stabilised, and in 2004

1212:, etc. It was stated that from 2008, Baltic states experiences a positive change in their energy security score. They diversified their oil import suppliers due to shutdown of Druzhba gas pipeline in 2006 and increased the share of renewable sources in total energy production with the help of the EU policies. 1594:

Since the decline of Russian influence and integration into the European Union economy, English has become the most popular second language in the Baltic states. Although Russian is more widely spoken among older people the vast majority of young people are learning English instead with as many as 80

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is related to the uninterruptible supply, sufficient energy storage, advanced technological development of energy sector and environmental regulations. Other studies add other indicators to this list: diversification of energy suppliers, energy import dependence and vulnerability of political system.

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Economically, parallel with political changes and a transition to democracy – as a rule of law states – the nations' previous command economies were transformed via the legislation into market economies, and set up or renewed the major macroeconomic factors: budgetary rules, national audit, national

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as is a distinct case from the other two Baltic countries. Not only was an authoritarian regime set up in 1926, eight years before those of Estonia and Latvia, but it was also formed not to counter a threat from the right, but through a military coup d'etat against a leftist government. (...) The

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began. Although the historical, economic and cultural development of the nations of the Baltic countries were different, the Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian nations were formed by the end of the 19th century. The ideas of unity between Latvians and Lithuanians have been spreading since the end of

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Russian was the most commonly studied foreign language at all levels of schooling during the period of Soviet rule in 1944–1991. Despite schooling available and administration conducted in local languages, Russian-speaking settlers were neither encouraged nor motivated to learn the official local

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Even now being a part of the European Union, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are still considered as the most vulnerable EU member states in the energy sphere. Due to their Soviet past, Baltic states have several gas pipelines on their territories coming from Russia. Moreover, several routes of oil

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invasion of the region in 1941. Initially, many Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians considered the German army as liberators, while having hoped for the restoration of each of the three countries' independence, but instead the Nazi German invaders established a civil administration, known as the

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back in 1918, something that had not happened in the Baltic states. Some controversy surrounds the Baltic authoritarian régimes – due to the general stability and rapid economic growth of the period (even if brief), some commenters avoid the label "authoritarian"; others, however, condemn such an

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in 2022 and Russia's weaponization of energy supplies, the Baltic states were among the best-equipped countries in Central and Eastern Europe to deal with the energy crisis. This was because ever since the early 1990s, the Baltic states were investing in alternative and non-Russian energy supply

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Estonia usually was the best performing country in terms of energy security, but new assessment shows that even though Estonia has the highest share of renewables in the energy production, its energy economy has been still characterized by high rates of carbon intensity. Lithuania, in contrast,

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The same legal interpretation is shared by the United States, the United Kingdom, and most other Western democracies, who held the forcible incorporation of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into the Soviet Union to be illegal. At least formally, most Western democracies never considered the three

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for millennia, although not always peacefully in ancient times, over which period their populations, Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian, have remained remarkably stable within the approximate territorial boundaries of the current Baltic states. While separate peoples with their own customs and

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Estonians and Latvians, ruled by the German orders, Poland–Lithuania, Sweden, and Russia for numerous centuries, managed to preserve their language and culture. The formation of the Lithuanian nation was made difficult due to repression of the Russian imperial authorities after the suppressed

860:, waged unsuccessful guerrilla warfare against the Soviet occupation for the next eight years in a bid to regain their nations' independence. The armed resistance of the anti-Soviet partisans lasted up to 1953. Although the armed resistance was defeated, the population remained anti-Soviet. 3049: 871:, and many other countries and international organizations. During the Cold War, Lithuania and Latvia maintained legations in Washington DC, while Estonia had a mission in New York City. Each was staffed initially by diplomats from the last governments before USSR occupation. 1035:

free trade agreement was established to help prepare the countries for their accession to the EU, rather than out of the Baltic states' desire to trade among themselves. The Baltic countries were more interested in gaining access to the rest of the European market.

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During the Baltic struggle for independence 1989–1992, a personal friendship developed between the (at that time unrecognized) Baltic ministers of foreign affairs and the Nordic ministers of foreign affairs. This friendship led to the creation of the

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As a part of the EU from 2004, Baltic states must comply with the EU's regulations in energy, environmental and security spheres. One of the most important documents that the EU applied to improve the energy security stance of the Baltic states are

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its occupied territories, by means such as deportations and instituting the Russian language as the only working language. Between 1940 and 1953, the Soviet government deported more than 200,000 people from the Baltics to remote locations in the

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The populations of each Baltic country belong to several Christian denominations, a reflection of historical circumstances. Both Western and Eastern Christianity had been introduced by the end of the first millennium. The current divide between

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from the former Soviet Union and their descendants make up a sizable group particularly in Latvia (about one-quarter of the total population and close to one-half in the capital Riga) and Estonia (nearly one-quarter of the total population).

996:, integration with Western Europe became a major strategic goal. In 2002, the Baltic governments applied to join the European Union and become members of NATO. All three became NATO members on 29 March 2004, and joined the EU on 1 May 2004. 1207:

The calculations take into account not only economic, but also technological and energy-related factors: Energy and carbon intensity of transport and households, trade balance of total energy, energy import dependency, diversification of

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loanwords have made it into the Estonian language; it was under the Swedish rule that schools were established and education propagated in the 17th century. Swedish remains spoken in Estonia, particularly the

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Soon Gripenberg called in again, asking why the British had brought in the Baltic States (meaning here, Finland, too) when the simple option of a tripartite agreement between the three Powers would have been

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Currently, the governments of the Baltic states cooperate in multiple ways, including cooperation among presidents, parliament speakers, heads of government, and foreign ministers. On 8 November 1991, the

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Estonia in 1944). There is also significant proficiency in Finnish in Estonia owing to its linguistic relationship with Estonian and also widespread exposure to Finnish broadcasts during the Soviet era.

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Possible threats to energy security include, firstly, a major risk of energy supply disruption. Even if there are several electricity interconnectors that connect the area with electricity-rich states (

1704: 989:. Other exceptions included Sweden, which was the first Western country, and one of the very few to ever do so, to recognize the incorporation of the Baltic states into the Soviet Union as lawful. 4260: 1005: 739:

Soviet government coerced Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into "mutual assistance treaties" which granted USSR the right to establish military bases in these countries. In June 1940, the Red Army

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in Lithuania. In Latvia and Estonia, the president is elected by parliament, while Lithuania has a semi-presidential system whereby the president is elected by popular vote. All are part of the

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Apart from the indigenous languages, Low Saxon was the dominant language in Estonia and Latvia in academics, professional life, and upper society from the 13th century until World War I.

214:. The three governments engage in intergovernmental and parliamentary cooperation. There is also frequent cooperation in foreign and security policy, defence, energy, and transportation. 3431: 4017: 1934: 1687:

in Latvian mean 'white'. However, the modern names of the region and the sea that originate from this root, were not used in either of the two languages prior to the 19th century.

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Travel to the Baltic Hansa – The European Union and its enlargement to the East (Book in Italian: Viaggio nell'Hansa baltica – L'Unione europea e l'allargamento ad Est)

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The Soviet Union conducted a policy of Russification by encouraging Russians and other Russian-speaking ethnic groups of the Soviet Union to settle in the Baltics. Today, ethnic

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set stricter rules through national legislation by implementing the regulations and directives of the Sixpack, because the financial crisis was a shocking milestone.

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Each of the three countries has declared itself to be the restoration of the sovereign nation that had existed from 1918 to 1940, emphasizing their contention that

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are sometimes referred to as the "Baltic nations", less often and in historical circumstances also as the "Baltic republics", the "Baltic lands", or simply the

1168: 630:, the entire territory from Finland in the north to Romania in the south, between Western and Central Europe and potential Bolshevik territorial ambitions. 4154: 501: 4268: 1950: 2927: 675: 4544: 313:

until 1991: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. At the same time Finland, instead, has been referred to as a member of another geopolitical grouping: the

5381: 5302: 5206: 3952:"The Baltic states should adopt the self-defence pinpricks doctrine: the "accumulation of events" threshold as a deterrent to Russian hybrid warfare" 3763:

Zeng, Shouzhen; Streimikiene, Dalia; Baležentis, Tomas (September 2017). "Review of and comparative assessment of energy security in Baltic States".

2826: 4433:"Population by gender in regions, cities, counties and parishes at the beginning of the year - Gender, Territorial unit, Indicators and Time period" 620:(from French language), as they together formed a "rim" along the western border of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union. They were also part of what 5501: 5221: 4971:

Vilkauskaite, Dovile O. "From Empire to Independence: The Curious Case of the Baltic States 1917-1922." (thesis, University of Connecticut, 2013).

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Baltic states to be constituent parts of the Soviet Union. Australia was a brief exception to this support of Baltic independence: in 1974, the

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was established on 13 June 1994 to facilitate intergovernmental cooperation. Since 2003, there is coordination between the two organizations.

821:, until early 1945), when the countries were reoccupied by the Red Army and Soviet rule was re-established, with the passive agreement of the 5211: 4028: 3075: 1965: 970: 5053:, an independent weekly newspaper that covers the latest political, economic, business, and cultural events in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 4495: 4400: 5494: 3233: 3688: 3411: 903:

government had privately concluded that the departure of the Baltic republics had become "inevitable". This process contributed to the

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All three Baltic countries experienced a period of authoritarian rule by a head of state who had come to power after a bloodless coup:

626: 1197: 2129: 2089: 5181: 1260: 1184: 290:(1914–1918) the term "Baltic states" came to refer to the countries by the Baltic Sea that had gained independence from the former 4513: 4178: 1922: 5111: 2027: 1078: 2345: 3840:

Molis, Arūnas (September 2011). "Building methodology, assessing the risks: the case of energy security in the Baltic States".

3550: 1263:. All of these and other infrastructure projects allowed the Baltic States to quickly shift away from Russian energy supplies. 1093: 430: 3336: 5314: 5243: 4988: 4962: 4932: 4909: 4890: 4871: 4831: 4809: 4780: 4761: 4742: 4723: 4704: 4685: 4661: 4643: 4624: 4579: 4299: 3650: 3526: 3293: 3200: 3125: 3085: 488:. In the middle of 17th century, Sweden conquered and founded the governorates of Estonia and Livonia (with the exception of 240: 4789:

Malowist, M. “The Economic and Social Development of the Baltic Countries from the Fifteenth to the Seventeenth Centuries.”

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people. In Latvia exists a small community of Finnic people related to the Estonians, composed of only 250 people, known as

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Kisel, Einari; Hamburg, Arvi; Härm, Mihkel; Leppiman, Ando; Ots, Märt (August 2016). "Concept for Energy Security Matrix".

3572: 3260:"Why did Finland remain a democracy between the two World Wars, whereas the Baltic States developed authoritarian regimes?" 2296: 1901: 756: 840:

The forced collectivisation of agriculture began in 1947, and was completed after the mass deportation in March 1949 (see

5440: 4675: 4566: 1469: 1117: 3385: 3311:"The Annexation of the Baltic States and Its Effect on the Development of Law Prohibiting Forcible Seizure of Territory" 5445: 5265: 5260: 4852: 2907: 1909: 1633:

was a mass anti-Soviet demonstration in 1989 where ca 25% of the total population of the Baltic countries participated.

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to 20%, increase the energy production from renewables for 20% in overall share and 20% energy efficiency development.

1044:, which includes 15 to 20 MPs from each parliament, was established to facilitate inter-parliamentary cooperation. The 788: 748: 2067: 844:). Private farms were confiscated, and farmers were made to join the collective farms. In all three countries, Baltic 4137: 3369: 3243: 3179: 1905: 1663:

text) and possibly earlier. There are several theories about its origin, most of which trace it to the reconstructed

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by the Soviet Union, there was a strong feeling of national identity (often labeled "bourgeois nationalism" by the

1021: 784: 560: 17: 919: 5348: 5196: 2902: 2846: 2318: 1465: 1012: 993: 904: 864: 740: 588: 546: 357:" until the 13th century. Kievan Rus sought to conquer them, and in the 11th century took control of some lands; 4654:

Histories of Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding in the Nordic and Baltic Countries: Representing the Periphery

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Human Development Report 2021-22: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World

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The Baltic states have historically been in many different spheres of influence, from Danish over Swedish and

646: 5022:, a journal dedicated to Lithuanian and Baltic art, history, language, literature and related cultural topics 2791: 2666: 2641: 1275: 1032: 1595:

percent of young Lithuanians professing English proficiency, and similar trends in the other Baltic states.

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Mauring, Liina (2006). "The Effects of the Russian Energy Sector on the Security of the Baltic States".

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was created. In its northern part – in the lands of the Lithuanians – the Lithuanian historical area of

5658: 5056: 5034: 4054:"POPULATION BY SEX, ETHNIC NATIONALITY AND COUNTY, 1 JANUARY. ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AS AT 01.01.2018" 3487: 2841: 2698: 1972: 853: 801: 521: 663: 5012: 4418: 3358:

Kangilaski, Jaak; Salo, Vello; Komisjon, Okupatsioonide Repressiivpoliitika Uurimise Riiklik (2005).

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traditions, historical factors have introduced cultural similarities in and differences within them.

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Civil resistance and power politics: the experience of non-violent action from Gandhi to the present

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in 1200s under which many Balts and Baltic Finns became the victims of German and Danish expansion.

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hostility between socialists and non-socialists in Finland had been amplified by a bloody civil war

2994: 2370: 2330: 2116: 1305: 1201: 422: 257:) was, until the early 20th century, used in the context of countries neighbouring the Baltic Sea: 70: 1256: 985:

government of Australia did recognize Soviet dominion, but this decision was reversed by the next

911:, the last Russian military radar in the Baltics, officially suspended operations in August 1998. 2608: 1493: 1389: 1164: 986: 358: 211: 38: 1425:

The Baltic states are inhabited by several ethnic minorities: in Latvia: 33.0% (including 25.4%

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are considered either separate languages or dialects of Latvian and Lithuanian, respectively.

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the three countries as well as Finland and Poland sometimes were collectively referred to as

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the advance of the orders to the east. During the secularization of the Teutonic Order, the

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began to spread. In the 13th century the military orders of monks based in the lands of the

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in 1918–1920. Latvia and Lithuania followed a similar process, until the completion of the

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in 1917, and declared independence in February 1918, but was subsequently occupied by the

309:(1939–1945) the term has been used to group the three countries that were occupied by the 8: 5343: 5191: 4671: 2948: 2851: 2831: 2801: 2054: 2011: 1941: 1891: 1765: 1753: 1489: 1442: 1271: 1156: 1097: 845: 5028:, International Internet Magazine. Analysis and background information on Baltic markets 4220: 3928: 3811: 3616:"Swedish political attitudes towards Baltic independence in the short twentieth century" 3361:

The white book: losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes, 1940–1991

1846:: Sweden and Denmark, sometimes also Germany and the Russian Empire. With the advent of 1484:

The languages of the three Baltic peoples belong to two distinct language families. The

5610: 5561: 5270: 4519: 4234: 3865: 3738: 3668: 3514: 3328: 2866: 2856: 1842:) was, until the early 20th century, used in the context of countries neighbouring the 1789:

appear in ancient texts, but had fallen into disuse until reappearing as the adjective

1699: 1508: 1504: 1446: 1426: 1127: 1063:, an informal group of northern EU states formed to advocate a common fiscal position. 884: 715: Neutral countries with military bases established by Soviet Union in October 1939 621: 497: 382: 228: 5006:

On the Boundary of Two Worlds: Identity, Freedom, and Moral Imagination in the Baltics

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The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century

3507:"The intersection of Ethnic Nationalism and People Power Tactics in the Baltic States" 2416: 2079: 1087:

Baltic regions by GDP per capita. 2022 data for Lithuania and Estonia, 2020 for Latvia

779:. About 10% of the adult Baltic population were deported or sent to labor camps. (See 650: 5549: 5486: 5432: 4984: 4958: 4928: 4905: 4886: 4867: 4848: 4827: 4805: 4776: 4757: 4738: 4719: 4700: 4681: 4657: 4639: 4620: 4575: 4325: 4295: 4242: 4204: 4133: 3973: 3897: 3869: 3857: 3780: 3742: 3656: 3646: 3623: 3584: 3522: 3491: 3461: 3365: 3289: 3239: 3175: 3121: 3081: 2964: 2871: 2629: 2622: 2615: 1850:(the Nordic Associations), the term was no longer used for Sweden and Denmark. After 1847: 1535: 1515: 1419: 1141: 939: 900: 834: 744: 658: 616: 509: 489: 457: 346: 330: 275: 232: 180: 4923:

The Baltic States: The National Self-determination of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

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the term has been used to group the three countries Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

1367:. The peoples in the Baltic states have together inhabited the eastern coast of the 1131: 1111: 1059:, Baltic cooperation is rather limited. All three countries are also members of the 1056: 642: 5615: 5236: 5231: 4374: 4224: 3963: 3932: 3853: 3849: 3815: 3772: 3730: 2956: 2892: 2887: 2836: 2772: 2712: 2588: 1757: 1729: 1672: 1579: 1567: 1562: 1531: 1500: 1485: 1415: 1325: 1315: 1083: 880: 841: 830: 780: 763: 513: 434: 314: 299: 1795:

in German, from which it was adopted in other languages. During the 19th century,

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and mass killings of the Jewish populations in Lithuania and Latvia. Over 190,000

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Civil war in Siberia: the anti-Bolshevik government of Admiral Kolchak, 1918–1920

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currency in January 2011, Latvia in January 2014, and Lithuania in January 2015.

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conquered most of the territory of modern-day Baltic countries and prevented the

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da Graça Carvalho, Maria (April 2012). "EU energy and climate change strategy".

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remaining the dominant religion among Russian and other East Slavic minorities.

1004: 688: 452:; Estonians and most Latvians in the 16th century converted from Catholicism to 30:

This article is about the geopolitical grouping. For the geographic region, see

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The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Path to Independence

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living farthest from the centers of German colonization succeeded in creating

5637: 4819: 4246: 4238: 3977: 3901: 3861: 3784: 3734: 3689:"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia: Co-operation among the Baltic States" 3660: 3643:

Born into a Dream : Eurofaculty and the Council of the Baltic Sea States

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the European Union. New macroeconomic requirements have arisen for them; the

927: 822: 767: 580: 572: 485: 468:. From 16th to 18th centuries the united Polish–Lithuanian state fought with 366: 266: 31: 4574:. United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. pp. 272–276. 4329: 5376: 3968: 3951: 3235:

Dictionnaire Manuel de Diplomatie et de Droit International Public et Privé

2821: 2811: 1875: 1650: 1523: 1337: 1072: 814: 806: 795: 772: 606:" were divided into German and Soviet "spheres of influence" (German copy). 481: 342: 310: 306: 1200:, including the Climate and Energy Strategy 2020, that aims to reduce the 5287: 5041:, English-language daily news website that covers all three Baltic states 5016:, journal of the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies (AABS) 4770: 2429: 1851: 1691: 1430: 1377: 1349: 1224: 1025: 453: 445: 418: 414: 334: 287: 4294:(in Latvian). Translated from Italian by Dace Meiere. Riga: Jānis Roze. 4101: 1464:

Because the three countries had been independent nations prior to their

1395: 5518: 5275: 4794: 3416: 3329:"These Names Accuse—Nominal List of Latvians Deported to Soviet Russia" 3277: 2816: 2406: 2039: 1843: 1695: 1642: 1630: 1434: 1368: 1209: 1160: 943: 888: 402: 398: 350: 207: 192: 132: 122: 4802:

Post-Cold War Identity Politics – Northern and Baltic Experiences

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The European Union and the Baltic States: Changing forms of governance

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serves as a centre of strategic and operational research and provides

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Foreign & Commonwealth Office – Government of the United Kingdom

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to intermediate- and senior-level officers and government officials.

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Annexed Baltic States : Envoys Hold On to Lonely U.S. Postings

2157: 1646: 1575: 1345: 1228: 1152: 974: 891:, a two-million-strong human chain, stretched for 600 km from 818: 729: 394: 354: 176: 5544: 4978: 4617:

Forward to the Past – A Cultural History of the Baltic People

4179:"Employees fluent in three languages – it's the norm in Lithuania" 1671:

meaning 'white, fair'. This meaning is retained in the two modern

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followed after that in the Baltics. The Soviet Union attempted to

500:, both governorates became part of the Russian Empire, during the 5556: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5139: 5084: 2281: 2271: 2238: 2208: 2184: 1867: 1855: 1741: 1737: 1550: 1341: 1279: 1248: 1220: 931: 896: 892: 813:, nearly 95% of Lithuania's pre-war Jewish community, and 66,000 794:

The Soviet occupation of the Baltic countries was interrupted by

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Lane, Thomas; Artis Pabriks; Aldis Purs; David J. Smith (2013).

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were murdered. The German occupation lasted until late 1944 (in

460:, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Kingdom of Poland formed the 5622: 5605: 5583: 5573: 5152: 4844:

The Shadow in the East: Vladimir Putin and the New Baltic Front

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as the name for the region. Officially, its Russian equivalent

1749: 1745: 1620: 1422:), and before independence in the Russian sphere of influence. 1252: 1244: 955: 951: 741:

occupied all of the territory of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

504:, Russia also annexed Courland, Latgale, and all of Lithuania. 341:

In ninth and 10th centuries after the formation of neighboring

258: 160: 96: 5050: 1051:

Compared with other regional groupings in Europe, such as the

532: 4713: 4375:"Nida and The Curonian Spit, The Insider's Guide to Visiting" 4083: 3171:

Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People

2681: 2676: 2671: 1538:

spoken as a second language by a few dozen people in Latvia.

1353: 776: 4947:

Northern shores: a history of the Baltic Sea and its peoples

3386:"Communism and Crimes against Humanity in the Baltic states" 1380:

to the north and Catholicism to the south is the remnant of

5079: 5068: 5019: 3462:"U.S.-Baltic Relations: Celebrating 85 Years of Friendship" 3143: 3141: 2276: 2173: 1503:(or more specifically, Eastern Baltic subgroup of Baltic). 1499:

and are the only extant (widely recognized) members of the

1403: 1352:, linguistically and culturally related to each other, are 963: 868: 669: 294:. The term included Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, as well as 184: 168: 4464:"Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table" 4324:(in Latvian). Vol. I. Rīga: Avots. pp. 103–104. 3762: 1817:) was first used in 1859. This change was a result of the 1445:

and 10.2% others) and in Lithuania: 12.2% (including 5.6%

863:

Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were considered to be under

3723:

Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review

2656: 2651: 2646: 1736:, etc. Indeed, the Baltic Sea lies mostly to the east of 1167:. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are also members of the 946:

parliaments elected by popular vote for four-year terms:

805:. During the occupation the Nazi authorities carried out 692:

Geopolitical status in Northern Europe in November 1939.

5074: 3797: 3138: 353:

the lands of the present-day Baltic countries remained "

4979:

Williams, Nicola; Debra Herrmann; Cathryn Kemp (2003).

4129:

Russian Foreign Policy: Interests, Vectors, and Sectors

2010:, which are the highest drifting sand dunes in Europe ( 604:

the Baltic States (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

5516: 4943:

The Baltic: A new history of the region and its people

3357: 977:

period had been an illegal occupation and annexation.

4018:"Pilsonības un migrācijas lietu pārvalde – Kļūda 404" 2696: 1780: 337:

were the only Baltic people who remained independent.

4999: 3151:, p. 8, 154. Springer, 2023. ISBN 978-3-031-39496-6. 5664:

Bottom-up regional groups within the European Union

4799: 4694: 3620:

Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal

724:of 1939 that divided Europe into German and Soviet 4920: 4904:. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press. 4652:Clerc, Louis; Glover, Nikolas; Jordan, Paul, eds. 3993:"The Baltics — a Ship to Weather the Energy Storm" 3716:"Macroeconomic Legal Trends in the EU11 Countries" 3221:. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 305. 3149:Post-Communist Transformations in Baltic Countries 2928:German occupation of Lithuania during World War II 1752:. The term was also used historically to refer to 867:by the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, 676:German occupation of Lithuania during World War II 4506: 4202: 3914: 2827:List of cities in the Baltic states by population 1561:served a similar function in Lithuania. Numerous 575:until November 1918. Estonia fought a successful 5635: 4773:The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 4714:Hiden, John; Vahur Made; David J. Smith (2008). 3111: 3109: 2989: 2987: 2918:German occupation of Estonia during World War II 1928:Forests cover over half the landmass of Estonia. 1676: 720:In accordance with a secret protocol within the 684:German occupation of Estonia during World War II 502:partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 4619:. Budapest: Central European University Press. 4458: 4456: 3007: 2923:German occupation of Latvia during World War II 1649:dating back to at least 3rd century B.C. (when 1611: 680:German occupation of Latvia during World War II 516:. In the 19th century the national movement of 4955:Russia's European Agenda and the Baltic States 4126:Nikolas K. Gvosdev; Christopher Marsh (2013). 3432:"Country Profiles: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania" 3288:] (in Finnish). Karttakeskus. p. 10. 1239:routes. These included the development of the 874: 37:"Baltics" redirects here. For other uses, see 5502: 5105: 4203:Lukoševičius, Viktoras; Duksa, Tomas (2012). 3645:. Berlin: BWV Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag. 3106: 2984: 1990:View from the Bilioniai forthill in Lithuania 1812: 1806: 1682: 1534:. It is also related to the now near-extinct 1147:All three countries are member states of the 425:. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania concluded the 202:All three Baltic countries are classified as 5047:, the independent newspaper from the Baltics 4880: 4861: 4496:"Latvian defense spending hits 2.25% of GDP" 4453: 3673:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3069: 3067: 3037: 3035: 1959:is the highest natural waterfall in Estonia. 1822: 1800: 1790: 775:. In addition, at least 75,000 were sent to 320: 4800:Lehti, Marko; David J. Smith, eds. (2003). 4670: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4084:"Home – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas" 2893:Soviet deportation from the Baltics in 1949 2888:Soviet deportation from the Baltics in 1941 1944:, Latvia's largest and oldest national park 1654: 533:Interwar period and independence, 1918–1940 283:was no longer used for Sweden and Denmark. 5509: 5495: 5112: 5098: 4804:. London/Portland: Frank Cass Publishers. 3504: 3498: 3495:, 31 October 1988. Retrieved 11 July 2016. 3238:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 246. 4732: 4633: 4541:"GINI index (World Bank estimate) | Data" 4393: 4228: 3990: 3967: 3412:"Murder of the Jews of the Baltic States" 3309:Hough, William J.H. (10 September 2019). 3270: 3064: 3032: 1198:European Union climate and energy package 879:In the late 1980s, a massive campaign of 417:from creating their own states. Only the 5069:Official statistics of the Baltic states 4952: 4864:Culture and Customs of the Baltic States 4751: 4319: 4308: 3765:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3001: 1624: 1578:(though many fled to Sweden as the USSR 1540: 1394: 1308:(Faroe Islands, Iceland and Scandinavia) 1290: 1270: 1136: 1126: 1116: 1106: 1082: 1003: 971:Soviet domination over the Baltic states 918: 709: Soviet Union and annexed countries 687: 670:Soviet and German occupations, 1940–1991 593: 550: 324: 4983:(3rd ed.). London: Lonely Planet. 4899: 4716:The Baltic Question during the Cold War 4656:(Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2015). 348 pp. 4261:"Indo-European Etymology: Query result" 4102:"Baltic states – Soviet Republics" 3887: 3713: 3045:a compendious view of universal history 1079:List of regions of Baltic States by GDP 999: 429:with the Kingdom of Poland in 1385 and 14: 5636: 4902:A Concise History of the Baltic States 4840: 4818: 4614: 3167: 2995:"Colombia and Lithuania join the OECD" 1754:Baltic Dominions of the Swedish Empire 1530:, together with neighboring Finland's 1441:), in Estonia: 27.6% (including 22.0% 662:"apologetic" attitude, for example in 565:Latvia formed a provisional government 480:for Estonian and Latvian lands in the 298:(which later became grouped among the 27:Three countries east of the Baltic Sea 5490: 5093: 4918: 4591:from the original on 8 September 2022 3949: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3839: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3364:. Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers. 3308: 3231: 3225: 3214: 3208: 3174:. Central European University Press. 3154: 3118:Aspects of the Governing of the Finns 3115: 3073: 3041: 2148: 569:obtained autonomy from tsarist Russia 241:State continuity of the Baltic states 167:. All three countries are members of 5471: 4826:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 4695:Hiden, John; Patrick Salmon (1991). 4289: 3890:Baltic Security & Defence Review 3613: 3595:from the original on 19 October 2017 3339:from the original on 8 February 2012 3276: 1902:List of protected areas of Lithuania 1261:Gas Interconnection Poland–Lithuania 1243:, electricity interconnections with 279:(the Nordic Associations), the term 155:is a geopolitical term encompassing 4680:. Milano: Greco&Greco editori. 4478:"Messages of the 2023 state budget" 4342: 4205:"Eratosthenes' map of the oecumene" 4152: 3997:Center for European Policy Analysis 3950:Nader, Philippe Bou (1 June 2017). 3454: 703: Germany and annexed countries 664:later assessments of Kārlis Ulmanis 24: 4607: 4419:"Population | Statistikaamet" 3876: 3826: 3749: 3640: 2908:Soviet deportations from Lithuania 2160:, which simultaneously joined the 2019: 1910:List of protected areas of Estonia 1821:elite adopting terms derived from 1178: 964:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 883:against Soviet rule, known as the 789:Sovietization of the Baltic states 25: 5675: 5119: 5063: 5000:International peer-reviewed media 4160:. British Council. Archived from 3691:. 4 December 2008. Archived from 3543:"SKRUNDA SHUTS DOWN. – Jamestown" 3442:from the original on 31 July 2003 1906:List of protected areas of Latvia 1702:as the equivalent of 'East Sea': 1363:, and they live in the so-called 5470: 5461: 5460: 5286: 5158: 5145: 5132: 4927:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 4883:The History of the Baltic States 4664:. for an online book review see 4355:from the original on 22 May 2018 3553:from the original on 28 May 2018 3201:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija 3094:from the original on 13 May 2018 3052:from the original on 13 May 2018 2914:Ethnic cleansing in the Baltics 2898:Soviet deportations from Estonia 2766: 2754: 2742: 2730: 2718: 2706: 2685: 2660: 2634: 2602: 2551:GDP (nominal) per capita (2023) 2460: 2443: 2420: 2397: 2374: 2351: 2285: 2262: 2255: 2246: 2237: 2227: 2221: 2214: 2207: 2128: 2108: 2088: 2066: 2046: 2026: 1995: 1983: 1964: 1949: 1933: 1921: 1785:). Terms related to modern name 1576:northern Estonia and the islands 1286: 1100:became obligatory and later the 1022:Council of the Baltic Sea States 899:. In the wake of this campaign, 887:, began. On 23 August 1989, the 785:Soviet deportations from Estonia 743:, and installed new, pro-Soviet 559:As World War I came to a close, 102: 89: 76: 61: 4559: 4533: 4488: 4470: 4439: 4425: 4411: 4367: 4336: 4283: 4253: 4215:(2). Taylor & Francis: 84. 4196: 4171: 4146: 4119: 4094: 4076: 4046: 4010: 3984: 3943: 3908: 3791: 3707: 3681: 3641:N., Kristensen, Gustav (2010). 3634: 3607: 3565: 3535: 3480: 3424: 3404: 3388:. 13 April 1999. Archived from 3378: 3351: 3321: 3302: 3252: 3020:from the original on 6 May 2017 2903:Soviet deportations from Latvia 2847:Occupation of the Baltic states 2495:175,228 km = 67,656 sq mi 1229:Lithuania-Sweden interconnector 1225:Lithuania-Poland interconnector 1013:professional military education 914: 905:dissolution of the Soviet Union 589:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 561:Lithuania declared independence 547:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 4981:Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania 4885:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 4866:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 4756:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 4754:A History of the Baltic States 4322:Latviešu etimoloģijas vārdnīca 4320:Krauklis, Konstantīns (1992). 4290:Dini, Pierto Umberto (2000) . 3854:10.1080/1406099x.2011.10840501 3188: 2942: 2492:65,300 km = 25,212 sq mi 2489:64,589 km = 24,938 sq mi 2486:45,339 km = 17,505 sq mi 1221:Estonia-Finland interconnector 466:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 371:Livonian Brothers of the Sword 13: 1: 4793:12#2 1959, pp. 177–189. 3074:Mahan, Alfred Thayer (2006). 2977: 2466:Population (2023 12/2024 01) 1940:Devonian sandstone cliffs in 1388:hegemony, respectively, with 5599:Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship 4634:Bousfield, Jonathan (2004). 4543:. World Bank. Archived from 4447:"Main Lithuanian indicators" 4230:10.3846/20296991.2012.695332 3937:10.1016/j.energy.2012.01.012 3505:Beissinger, Mark R. (2009). 3042:l.l.b, charles mayo (1804). 2172:time zone schedules and the 1881: 1479: 1066: 992:After the Baltic states had 848:, known colloquially as the 762:Repressions, executions and 539:Estonian War of Independence 191:on the eastern coast of the 7: 5589:West Pomeranian Voivodeship 5336:Baltic Council of Ministers 5256:Under Soviet rule (1944-91) 4345:"Latvija – jēdziena ģenēze" 3842:Baltic Journal of Economics 3820:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.04.034 3120:. Peter Lang. p. 115. 3014:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2692: 2534:GDP (nominal) total (2023) 2137:Prime Minister of Lithuania 1813: 1781: 1641:stems from the name of the 1400:St. Peter's Lutheran Church 1340:, together with the nearby 1236:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1046:Baltic Council of Ministers 1031:Between 1994 and 2004, the 994:restored their independence 875:Restoration of independence 735:in September 1939, and the 585:Latvian War of Independence 543:Latvian War of Independence 345:states of Sweden, Denmark, 10: 5680: 5222:by the Soviet Union (1944) 5212:by the Soviet Union (1940) 4975:; Bibliography pp 70 – 75. 3956:Journal on Baltic Security 3777:10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.037 2371:Semi-presidential republic 2012:UNESCO World Heritage Site 1973:Kauno Marios Regional Park 1899: 1885: 1618: 1266: 1076: 1070: 854:Latvian national partisans 802:Reichskommissariat Ostland 673: 536: 226: 222: 217: 43: 36: 29: 5525: 5456: 5410: 5369: 5323: 5295: 5284: 5174: 5127: 5013:Journal of Baltic Studies 4953:Šleivyte, Janina (2010). 4900:Plakans, Andrejs (2011). 4752:Kasekamp, Andres (2010). 4733:Jacobsson, Bengt (2009). 4132:. CQ Press. p. 217. 2997:. France 24. 30 May 2018. 2097:Prime Minister of Estonia 1914: 1807: 1773: 1764:) and, subsequently, the 1518:(including its divergent 1155:. They are classified as 1102:Stability and Growth Pact 401:), Livonians, Prussians, 321:Prior to the 20th century 210:and maintain a very high 116: 69: 60: 55: 5517:Countries bordering the 5423:Baltic Basketball League 5349:Air Surveillance Network 5059:, news about The Baltics 4881:O'Connor, Kevin (2003). 4862:O'Connor, Kevin (2006). 3735:10.53116/pgaflr.2018.1.9 3714:Vértesy, László (2018). 3573:"The Latvians in Sydney" 3466:U.S. Department of State 2935: 2331:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 2117:Prime Minister of Latvia 1827:to refer to themselves. 1698:has appeared on maps in 1492:languages belong to the 962:(EU) and members of the 44:Not to be confused with 5400:Human Development Index 5237:Operation Priboi (1949) 5232:June deportation (1941) 4847:. London: I.B. Tauris. 4841:Naylor, Aliide (2020). 4791:Economic History Review 4209:Geodesy and Cartography 4106:Encyclopædia Britannica 3080:. Bexley Publications. 2426:Current Prime Minister 1183:Usually the concept of 1165:Human Development Index 722:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 697: Neutral countries 624:considered a strategic 600:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 456:. Due to the threat of 212:Human Development Index 39:Baltic (disambiguation) 5594:Pomeranian Voivodeship 5567:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 5428:Swimming Championships 5395:Gross regional product 5037:5 October 2011 at the 4919:Smith, Graham (1994). 4615:Bojtár, Endre (1999). 4518:, 2023, archived from 3991:Trakimavicius, Lukas. 3969:10.1515/jobs-2017-0003 3280:; Raunio, Ari (2007). 3232:Calvo, Carlos (2009). 3168:Bojtar, Endre (1999). 3116:Maude, George (2010). 2968: 2960: 2952: 2884:Baltics deportations: 2792:Baltic Free Trade Area 2546:€150.040 billion 2366:Parliamentary republic 2361:Parliamentary republic 2075:President of Lithuania 1971:Gastilionys cliffs in 1888:Geography of Lithuania 1870:– became known as the 1823: 1801: 1791: 1761: 1733: 1725: 1717: 1709: 1683: 1677: 1655: 1634: 1612:Etymology of the word 1554: 1407: 1330: 1283: 1171:. Estonia adopted the 1144: 1134: 1124: 1114: 1088: 1016: 1009:Baltic Defence College 935: 733:invaded eastern Poland 717: 607: 598:According to the 1939 567:. Estonia had already 556: 338: 4957:. London: Routledge. 4737:. London: Routledge. 4718:. London: Routledge. 4405:eurostat.ec.europa.eu 3282:Talvisodan taisteluja 3008:Republic of Estonia. 2862:Russians in Lithuania 2164:on 1 May 2004, share 1886:Further information: 1799:started to supersede 1628: 1619:Further information: 1544: 1501:Baltic language group 1398: 1390:Orthodox Christianity 1295:Language branches in 1294: 1274: 1257:Klaipėda LNG terminal 1157:high-income economies 1140: 1130: 1120: 1110: 1086: 1007: 987:Australian Parliament 922: 691: 597: 555:Baltic states in 1935 554: 514:uprising of 1863–1864 510:uprising of 1830–1831 328: 273:. With the advent of 265:, sometimes also the 204:high-income economies 5085:Statistics Lithuania 4949:(John Murray, 2006)) 4484:. 23 September 2021. 4167:on 12 February 2015. 4034:on 24 September 2020 3549:. 1 September 1993. 3215:Smele, John (1996). 3010:"Baltic Cooperation" 2877:Tourism in Lithuania 2035:President of Estonia 1896:Geography of Estonia 1241:Būtingė oil terminal 1202:greenhouse emissions 1061:New Hanseatic League 1000:Regional cooperation 938:All three are today 858:Lithuanian partisans 726:spheres of influence 237:History of Lithuania 5654:Geography of Europe 5249:Diplomatic services 5192:United Baltic Duchy 5182:Territorial changes 4699:. London: Longman. 4381:. 23 September 2016 4271:on 25 February 2007 4221:2012GeCar..38...81L 3929:2012Ene....40...19D 3812:2016EnPol..95....1K 3315:DigitalCommons@NYLS 2852:Russians in Estonia 2832:Nordic-Baltic Eight 2802:Baltic governorates 2449:Largest urban area 2055:President of Latvia 1942:Gauja National Park 1892:Geography of Latvia 1782:Ostzejskie gubernii 1774:Остзейские губернии 1766:Baltic governorates 1762:Östersjöprovinserna 1665:Proto-Indo-European 1547:Church of St. Johns 1328:(Latvia, Lithuania) 1098:Maastricht criteria 940:liberal democracies 577:war of independence 448:began to spread in 5611:Kaliningrad Oblast 5562:Schleswig-Holstein 5271:Singing Revolution 5075:Statistics Estonia 4449:. 23 January 2024. 3695:on 4 December 2008 3515:Timothy Garton Ash 3286:Winter War Battles 3077:The Life of Nelson 2953:Baltijos valstybės 2867:Tourism in Estonia 2857:Russians in Latvia 2583:€4.0 billion 2580:€2.0 billion 2577:€1.0 billion 2574:€1.0 billion 2517:Water area % 2509:44/km = 110/sq mi 2458:Vilnius (716,856) 2452:Tallinn (614,561) 2403:Current President 2149:General statistics 2002:Sand dunes of the 1700:Germanic languages 1681:in Lithuanian and 1635: 1555: 1458:Russian immigrants 1408: 1331: 1318:(Finland, Estonia) 1284: 1163:and maintain high 1145: 1135: 1125: 1115: 1094:all of them joined 1089: 1017: 936: 885:Singing revolution 745:puppet governments 718: 622:Georges Clemenceau 608: 557: 529:the 19th century. 498:Great Northern War 383:Kingdom of Denmark 339: 329:Map depicting the 229:History of Estonia 5659:Regions of Europe 5631: 5630: 5484: 5483: 5433:Baltic Chain Tour 5308:tallest buildings 5080:Statistics Latvia 5057:The Baltics Today 5045:The Baltic Review 5026:The Baltic Course 4990:978-1-74059-132-4 4964:978-0-415-55400-8 4934:978-0-312-12060-3 4911:978-0-521-54155-8 4892:978-0-313-32355-3 4873:978-0-313-33125-1 4833:978-0-300-05552-8 4811:978-0-7146-8351-5 4782:978-1-136-48304-2 4763:978-0-230-01940-9 4744:978-0-415-48276-9 4725:978-0-415-56934-7 4706:978-0-582-08246-5 4687:978-88-7980-355-7 4672:D'Amato, Giuseppe 4662:978-90-04-30548-9 4645:978-1-85828-840-6 4626:978-963-9116-42-9 4581:978-9-211-26451-7 4515:Gynybos biudžetas 4301:978-9984-623-96-2 4265:starling.rinet.ru 3652:978-3-8305-2548-6 3528:978-0-19-955201-6 3492:Los Angeles Times 3486:Norman Kempster, 3295:978-951-593-068-2 3147:Norkus, Zenonas: 3127:978-1-4331-0713-9 3087:978-1-4116-7198-0 2872:Tourism in Latvia 2690: 2689: 2512:35/km = 88/sq mi 2506:29/km = 76/sq mi 2503:30/km = 80/sq mi 2357:Political system 1848:Foreningen Norden 1779: 1601:is spoken by the 1536:Livonian language 1516:Estonian language 1420:Holy Roman Empire 1412:Polish–Lithuanian 1276:St. Olaf's church 1024:in 1992, and the 865:Soviet occupation 835:Potsdam Agreement 764:mass deportations 617:limitrophe states 431:together resisted 331:Northern Crusades 276:Foreningen Norden 233:History of Latvia 181:Council of Europe 145: 144: 16:(Redirected from 5671: 5616:Leningrad Oblast 5511: 5504: 5497: 5488: 5487: 5474: 5473: 5464: 5463: 5382:Busiest airports 5290: 5244:State continuity 5164: 5162: 5161: 5151: 5149: 5148: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5114: 5107: 5100: 5091: 5090: 5051:The Baltic Times 4994: 4968: 4938: 4926: 4915: 4896: 4877: 4858: 4837: 4815: 4786: 4767: 4748: 4729: 4710: 4691: 4649: 4638:. Rough Guides. 4630: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4590: 4573: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4547:on 22 April 2018 4537: 4531: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4460: 4451: 4450: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4343:Skutāns, Gints. 4340: 4334: 4333: 4317: 4306: 4305: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4267:. Archived from 4257: 4251: 4250: 4232: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4183:Invest Lithuania 4175: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4159: 4153:Graddol, David. 4150: 4144: 4143: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4060:. Archived from 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4033: 4027:. Archived from 4022: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3971: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3885: 3874: 3873: 3837: 3824: 3823: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3760: 3747: 3746: 3720: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3672: 3664: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3614:Kuldkepp, Mart. 3611: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3502: 3496: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3262:. January 2004. 3256: 3250: 3249: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3204:(in Lithuanian). 3196:"Baltijos šalys" 3192: 3186: 3185: 3165: 3152: 3145: 3136: 3135: 3113: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3071: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3039: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2991: 2971: 2961:Baltijas valstis 2946: 2837:Nordic countries 2771: 2770: 2769: 2759: 2758: 2757: 2747: 2746: 2745: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2723: 2722: 2721: 2711: 2710: 2709: 2702: 2543:€72.048 billion 2540:€40.310 billion 2537:€37.682 billion 2440:Ingrida Šimonytė 2412:Edgars Rinkēvičs 2340:16 February 1918 2314:18 November 1918 2297:24 February 1918 2260: 2259: 2251: 2250: 2242: 2241: 2225: 2218: 2211: 2179: 2178: 2142:Ingrida Šimonytė 2132: 2112: 2092: 2070: 2060:Edgars Rinkēvičs 2050: 2030: 1999: 1987: 1968: 1953: 1937: 1925: 1832:Baltic countries 1826: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1794: 1784: 1778:romanized: 1777: 1775: 1707: 1686: 1680: 1673:Baltic languages 1658: 1568:Estonian Swedish 1532:Finnish language 1323: 1313: 1303: 1234:In light of the 1142:Downtown Tallinn 1132:Downtown Vilnius 1112:Downtown Vilnius 881:civil resistance 842:Operation Priboi 831:Yalta Conference 781:June deportation 714: 708: 702: 696: 659:bloody civil war 627:cordon sanitaire 450:Lithuanian lands 444:In 13th century 435:Duchy of Prussia 315:Nordic countries 300:Nordic countries 281:Baltic countries 247:Baltic countries 189:sovereign states 153:Baltic countries 108: 106: 105: 95: 93: 92: 82: 80: 79: 65: 53: 52: 21: 18:Baltic countries 5679: 5678: 5674: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5669: 5668: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5521: 5515: 5485: 5480: 5452: 5406: 5365: 5354:Defence College 5331:Baltic Assembly 5319: 5291: 5282: 5217:by Nazi Germany 5170: 5159: 5157: 5146: 5144: 5133: 5131: 5123: 5118: 5071: 5066: 5039:Wayback Machine 5002: 4997: 4991: 4965: 4935: 4912: 4893: 4874: 4855: 4834: 4812: 4783: 4764: 4745: 4726: 4707: 4688: 4646: 4627: 4610: 4608:Further reading 4605: 4604: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4582: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4539: 4538: 4534: 4525: 4523: 4522:on 28 June 2022 4512: 4511: 4507: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4476: 4475: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4454: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4384: 4382: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4349:old.historia.lv 4341: 4337: 4318: 4309: 4302: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4201: 4197: 4187: 4185: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4164: 4157: 4151: 4147: 4140: 4124: 4120: 4110: 4108: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4088:osp.stat.gov.lt 4082: 4081: 4077: 4067: 4065: 4064:on 11 June 2019 4052: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4020: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3989: 3985: 3948: 3944: 3913: 3909: 3886: 3877: 3838: 3827: 3796: 3792: 3761: 3750: 3718: 3712: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3666: 3665: 3653: 3639: 3635: 3612: 3608: 3598: 3596: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3529: 3503: 3499: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3392:on 20 July 2011 3384: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3307: 3303: 3296: 3275: 3271: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3246: 3230: 3226: 3213: 3209: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3166: 3155: 3146: 3139: 3128: 3114: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3088: 3072: 3065: 3055: 3053: 3040: 3033: 3023: 3021: 3006: 3002: 2993: 2992: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2974: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2881: 2777: 2767: 2765: 2755: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2719: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2697: 2695: 2569:Military budget 2455:Riga (917,351) 2417:Gitanas Nausėda 2254: 2245: 2236: 2151: 2144: 2140: 2133: 2124: 2120: 2113: 2104: 2100: 2093: 2082: 2080:Gitanas Nausėda 2078: 2071: 2062: 2058: 2051: 2042: 2038: 2031: 2022: 2020:Current leaders 2015: 2000: 1991: 1988: 1979: 1969: 1960: 1954: 1945: 1938: 1929: 1926: 1917: 1912: 1898: 1884: 1703: 1623: 1617: 1608: 1572:Estonian Swedes 1570:dialect of the 1528:Finnic language 1526:dialects) is a 1497:language family 1482: 1470:Communist Party 1329: 1321: 1319: 1311: 1309: 1301: 1297:Northern Europe 1289: 1269: 1185:energy security 1181: 1179:Energy security 1081: 1075: 1069: 1042:Baltic Assembly 1002: 924:Baltic Assembly 917: 877: 850:Forest Brothers 811:Lithuanian Jews 716: 712: 710: 706: 704: 700: 698: 694: 686: 672: 651:Konstantin Päts 635:Antanas Smetona 612:interwar period 549: 535: 464:in 1569 as the 462:Union of Lublin 439:Lithuania Minor 423:their own state 323: 288:First World War 243: 225: 220: 103: 101: 100: 90: 88: 87: 77: 75: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5677: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5619: 5618: 5613: 5603: 5602: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5554: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5537: 5532: 5526: 5523: 5522: 5514: 5513: 5506: 5499: 5491: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5468: 5457: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5443: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5397: 5389: 5387:Housing bubble 5384: 5379: 5373: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5363: 5362: 5361: 5359:Naval Squadron 5356: 5351: 5346: 5338: 5333: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5315:National parks 5312: 5311: 5310: 5303:Largest cities 5299: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5226: 5225: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5194: 5189: 5187:Baltic Entente 5184: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5168: 5155: 5142: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5117: 5116: 5109: 5102: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5064:External links 5062: 5061: 5060: 5054: 5048: 5042: 5032:Baltic Reports 5029: 5023: 5017: 5009: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4989: 4976: 4969: 4963: 4950: 4941:Palmer, Alan. 4939: 4933: 4916: 4910: 4897: 4891: 4878: 4872: 4859: 4854:978-1788312523 4853: 4838: 4832: 4820:Lieven, Anatol 4816: 4810: 4797: 4787: 4781: 4768: 4762: 4749: 4743: 4730: 4724: 4711: 4705: 4692: 4686: 4668: 4650: 4644: 4631: 4625: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4580: 4558: 4532: 4505: 4487: 4469: 4452: 4438: 4424: 4410: 4392: 4366: 4335: 4307: 4300: 4282: 4252: 4195: 4170: 4155:"English Next" 4145: 4138: 4118: 4093: 4075: 4045: 4009: 3983: 3942: 3907: 3875: 3825: 3790: 3748: 3706: 3680: 3651: 3633: 3606: 3583:. March 2008. 3577:Sydney Journal 3564: 3534: 3527: 3497: 3479: 3468:. 14 June 2007 3453: 3423: 3403: 3377: 3370: 3350: 3320: 3301: 3294: 3269: 3251: 3244: 3224: 3207: 3187: 3180: 3153: 3137: 3126: 3105: 3086: 3063: 3031: 3000: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2842:Nordic Estonia 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2797:Baltic Germans 2794: 2789: 2787:Baltic Entente 2784: 2778: 2776: 2775: 2763: 2751: 2739: 2737:European Union 2727: 2715: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2687: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2626: 2619: 2612: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2565: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2342: 2337: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2322:21 August 1991 2316: 2309: 2308: 2307: 2305:20 August 1991 2299: 2292: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2261: 2252: 2243: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2226: 2219: 2212: 2205: 2201: 2200: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2162:European Union 2153:All three are 2150: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2134: 2127: 2125: 2114: 2107: 2105: 2102:Kristen Michal 2094: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2072: 2065: 2063: 2052: 2045: 2043: 2032: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2001: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1982: 1980: 1970: 1963: 1961: 1955: 1948: 1946: 1939: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1883: 1880: 1770:Russian Empire 1616: 1610: 1481: 1478: 1365:Livonian Coast 1320: 1310: 1306:North Germanic 1300: 1288: 1285: 1268: 1265: 1180: 1177: 1149:European Union 1071:Main article: 1068: 1065: 1057:Visegrád Group 1053:Nordic Council 1001: 998: 960:European Union 954:in Latvia and 916: 913: 876: 873: 807:ghettoisations 757:Lithuanian SSR 711: 705: 699: 693: 671: 668: 655:Era of Silence 643:Kārlis Ulmanis 637:in Lithuania ( 534: 531: 427:Union of Krevo 379:Livonian Order 375:Teutonic Order 322: 319: 292:Russian Empire 271:Russian Empire 224: 221: 219: 216: 173:European Union 143: 142: 141: 140: 130: 118: 114: 113: 73: 67: 66: 58: 57: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5676: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5649:Baltic region 5647: 5645: 5644:Baltic states 5642: 5641: 5639: 5624: 5621: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5555: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5527: 5524: 5520: 5512: 5507: 5505: 5500: 5498: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5477: 5469: 5467: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5368: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5322: 5316: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5266:Sovietization 5264: 5262: 5261:Guerrilla war 5259: 5258: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5228:Deportations 5227: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5167: 5156: 5154: 5143: 5141: 5130: 5129: 5126: 5122: 5121:Baltic states 5115: 5110: 5108: 5103: 5101: 5096: 5095: 5092: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5008:(book series) 5007: 5004: 5003: 4992: 4986: 4982: 4977: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4960: 4956: 4951: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4925: 4924: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4903: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4869: 4865: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4846: 4845: 4839: 4835: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4803: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4775:. Routledge. 4774: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4755: 4750: 4746: 4740: 4736: 4731: 4727: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4667: 4666:online review 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4637: 4636:Baltic States 4632: 4628: 4622: 4618: 4613: 4612: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4570: 4569: 4562: 4546: 4542: 4536: 4521: 4517: 4516: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4465: 4459: 4457: 4448: 4442: 4434: 4428: 4420: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4396: 4380: 4376: 4370: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4339: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4303: 4297: 4293: 4292:Baltu valodas 4286: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4163: 4156: 4149: 4141: 4139:9781483322087 4135: 4131: 4130: 4122: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4049: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4013: 3998: 3994: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3911: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3800:Energy Policy 3794: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3729:(1): 94–108. 3728: 3724: 3717: 3710: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3676: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3648: 3644: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3610: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3568: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3530: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3467: 3463: 3457: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3427: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3407: 3391: 3387: 3381: 3373: 3371:9789985701959 3367: 3363: 3362: 3354: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3316: 3312: 3305: 3297: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3266: 3261: 3255: 3247: 3245:9781584779490 3241: 3237: 3236: 3228: 3220: 3219: 3211: 3203: 3202: 3197: 3191: 3183: 3181:9789639116429 3177: 3173: 3172: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3150: 3144: 3142: 3134: 3129: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3110: 3093: 3089: 3083: 3079: 3078: 3070: 3068: 3051: 3047: 3046: 3038: 3036: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3004: 2996: 2990: 2988: 2983: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2807:Baltic region 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2764: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2740: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2716: 2714: 2704: 2703: 2700: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2347: 2346:11 March 1990 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2293: 2291:Independence 2290: 2289: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2204:Coat of arms 2203: 2202: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2156: 2143: 2139: 2138: 2131: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2111: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2091: 2086: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2069: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2049: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2004:Curonian Spit 1998: 1993: 1986: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1936: 1931: 1924: 1919: 1918: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1872:Baltic states 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1825: 1820: 1819:Baltic German 1815: 1814:Pribaltiyskiy 1808:Прибалтийский 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1685: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1661:Ancient Greek 1657: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1615: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1599:Baltic Romani 1596: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1495: 1494:Indo-European 1491: 1487: 1477: 1475: 1474:Russification 1471: 1467: 1462: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1414:, to German ( 1413: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1357:Indo-European 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1338:Finnic people 1335: 1327: 1317: 1307: 1298: 1293: 1287:Ethnic groups 1281: 1277: 1273: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1213: 1211: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1193: 1189: 1186: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1143: 1139: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1122:Downtown Riga 1119: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1085: 1080: 1074: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1037: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1014: 1010: 1006: 997: 995: 990: 988: 984: 978: 976: 972: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 933: 929: 928:Seimas Palace 925: 921: 912: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 872: 870: 866: 861: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 838: 836: 832: 828: 824: 823:United States 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 803: 797: 792: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 769: 765: 760: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 731: 727: 723: 690: 685: 681: 677: 667: 665: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 631: 629: 628: 623: 619: 618: 613: 605: 601: 596: 592: 590: 586: 582: 581:Soviet Russia 578: 574: 573:German Empire 570: 566: 562: 553: 548: 544: 540: 530: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 505: 503: 499: 496:). 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