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817:, also railroad ties, telephone, and power poles are salvaged to be used as corner posts (poles and railroad ties were often treated with chemicals determined to be an environmental hazard and cannot be reused in some jurisdictions). In Canada spruce posts are sold for this purpose. Posts are 10 centimetres (4 in) in diameter driven at least 1.2 metres (4 ft) and may be anchored in a concrete base 51 centimetres (20 in) square and 110 centimetres (42 in) deep. Iron posts, if used, are a minimum 64 millimetres (2.5 in) in diameter. Bracing wire is typically smooth 9-gauge. Line posts are set to a depth of about 76 centimetres (30 in). Conversely, steel posts are not as stiff as wood, and wires are fastened with slips along fixed teeth, which means variations in driving height affect wire spacing.
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ground. The wire stood on these supports on a thick web, about four feet high and from thirty to forty feet across. The wire used was generally as thick as sailor's marline stuff, or two twisted rope yarns. It contained, as a rule, some sixteen barbs to the foot. The wire used in front of our lines was generally galvanized, and remained grey after months of exposure. The (German) wire, not being galvanized, rusted to a black color, and shows up black at a great distance.
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541:" incident in the 1880s. This occurred because of the instinctual migrations of cattle away from the blizzard conditions of the Northern Plains to the warmer and plentiful Southern Plains, but by the early 1880s this area was already divided and claimed by ranchers. The ranchers in place, especially in the Texas Panhandle, knew that their holdings could not support the grazing of additional cattle, so the only alternative was to block the migrations with barb wire fencing.
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barbs were much closer together, often forming a continuous sequence. Barbed wire could be exposed to heavy bombardments because it could be easily replaced, and its structure included so much open space that machine guns rarely destroyed enough of it to defeat its purpose. However, barbed wire was defeated by the
549:, opposed the closing of the open range, and began cutting fences to allow cattle to pass through to find grazing land. In this transition zone between the agricultural regions to the south and the rangeland to the north, conflict erupted, with vigilantes joining the scene causing chaos and even death. The
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post) is held to one corner post with wire rings which act as hinges. On the other end a full-length post, the tractor post, is placed with the pointed end upwards with a ring on the bottom stapled to the other corner post, the latch post, and on top a ring is stapled to the tractor post, tied with a
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Galvanized wire is classified into three categories; Classes I, II, and III. Class I has the thinnest coating and the shortest life expectancy. A wire with Class I coating will start showing general rusting in 8 to 10 years, while the same wire with Class III coating will show rust in 15 to 20 years.
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Between 1873 and 1899 there were as many as 150 companies manufacturing barbed wire. Investors knew that the business required minimal capital, and almost anyone with determination could profit by manufacturing a new wire design. There was then a sharp decline in the number of manufacturers, and many
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Later
Glidden was joined by Ellwood who knew his design could not compete with Glidden's for which he applied for a patent in October 1873. Meanwhile, Haish, who had already secured several patents for barbed wire design, applied for a patent on his third type of wire, the S barb, and accused Glidden
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Ranchers moved out on the plains, and needed to fence their land in against encroaching farmers and other ranchers. The railroads throughout the growing West needed to keep livestock off their tracks, and farmers needed to keep stray cattle from trampling their crops. Traditional fence materials used
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One
British writer described how the Germans used barbed wire as follows: The enemy wire was always deep, thick, and securely staked with iron supports, which were either crossed like the letter X, or upright, with loops to take the wire and shaped at one end like corkscrews so as to screw into the
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to prevent movement, with deadly consequences. Barbed wire entanglements were placed in front of trenches to prevent direct charges on men below, increasingly leading to greater use of more advanced weapons such as high-powered machine guns and grenades. A feature of these entanglements was that the
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or one of numerous other opening bindings. Wires are then tied around the post at one end then run to the other end where they are stretched by hand or with a stretcher, before posts are stapled on every 1.2 metres (4 ft). Often this type of gate is called a portagee fence or a portagee gate in
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Gates for cattle tend to have four wires when along a three wire fence, as cattle tend to put more stress on gates, particularly on corner gates. The fence on each side of the gate ends with two corner posts braced or unbraced depending on the size of the post. An unpounded post (often an old broken
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Crimp sleeves. The wire is wrapped around the corner post and bound to the incoming wire using metal sleeves which are crimped using lock cutters. This method should be avoided because while sleeves can work well on repairs in the middle of the fence where there is not enough wire for hand knotting,
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in the UK, a New
Zealand gate in some areas, and often simply a "gate" elsewhere. Made of wire with posts attached at both ends and in the middle, it is permanently wired on one side and attaches to a gate post with wire loops on the other. Most designs can be opened by hand, though some gates that
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connects the top of the two posts, and a diagonal wire connects the top of the brace post to the bottom of the corner post. This diagonal wire prevents the brace post from leaning, which in turn allows the horizontal brace to prevent the corner post from leaning into the brace post. A second set of
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Smaller companies were decimated because of economies of scale and the smaller pool of consumers available to them, compared to the larger corporations. The
American Steel and Wire Company established in 1899 employed vertical integration: it controlled all aspects of production, from producing the
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Fencing consisting of flat and thin wire was first proposed in France, by Leonce Eugene
Grassin-Baledans in 1860. His design consisted of bristling points, creating a fence that was painful to cross. In April 1865 Louis François Janin proposed a double wire with diamond-shaped metal barbs; Francois
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In high soil-fertility areas where dairy cattle are used in great numbers, 5- or 7-wire fences are common as the main boundary and internal dividing fences. On sheep farms 7-wire fences are common with the second (from bottom) to fifth wire being plain wire. In New
Zealand wire fences must provide
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works well for this) often using a staple to hold the height and then reeled out along the span of the fence replacing the roll every 400 m. It is then wrapped around the opposite corner post, pulled tightly with wire stretchers, and sometimes nailed with more fence staples, although this may make
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Barbed wire is cited by historians as the invention that tamed the West. Herding large numbers of cattle on open range required significant manpower to catch strays. Barbed wire provided an inexpensive method to control the movement of cattle. By the beginning of the 20th century, large numbers of
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of
Illinois began to promote barbed wire, now a proven product, in the lucrative markets of Texas. At first, Texans were hesitant, as they feared that cattle might be harmed, or that the North was somehow trying to make profits from the South. There was also conflict between the farmers who wanted
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in
England in the early 18th century. These disputes were decisively settled in favor of the farmers, and heavy penalties were instituted for cutting a barbed wire fence. Within 2 years, nearly all of the open range had been fenced in under private ownership. For this reason, some historians have
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are installed along the span of the fence at intervals of 2.5 to 15 m (8 to 50 ft). An interval of 5 m (16 ft) is most common. Heavy livestock and crowded pasture demands the smaller spacing. The sole function of a line post is not to take up slack but to keep the barbed wire
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This was simply a wooden block with wire protrusions designed to keep cows from breaching the fence. That day, Glidden was accompanied by two other men, Isaac L. Ellwood, a hardware dealer and Jacob Haish, a lumber merchant. Like
Glidden, they both wanted to create a more durable wire fence with
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in 1876 showed that the wire could keep cattle contained, and sales then increased dramatically. Gates eventually parted company with
Ellwood and became a barbed wire baron in his own right. Throughout the height of barbed wire sales in the late 19th century, Washburn, Ellwood, Gates, and Haish
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Barbed wire production greatly increased with Glidden and Ellwood's establishment of the Barb Fence Company in DeKalb following the success of "The Winner". The company's success attracted the attention of Charles Francis Washburn, Vice President of Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company, an
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For this reason, horse fences may have rubber bands nailed parallel to the wires. More than 60 different species of wildlife have been reported in Australia as victims of entanglement on barbed wire fences, and the wildlife friendly fencing project is beginning to address this problem. Grazing
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for longevity. High-tensile wire is made with thinner but higher-strength steel. Its greater strength makes fences longer lasting because it resists stretching and loosening better, coping with expansion and contraction caused by heat and animal pressure by stretching and relaxing within wider
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The gaps between posts vary depending on type and terrain. On short fences in hilly country, steel posts may be placed every 3 metres (3 yd), while in flat terrain with long spans and relatively few stock they may be spaced up to 30 to 50 metres (33 to 55 yd) apart. Wooden posts are
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More patents followed, and in 1867 alone there were six patents issued for barbed wire. Only two of them addressed livestock deterrence, one of which was from American Lucien B. Smith of Ohio. Before 1870, westward movement in the United States was largely across the plains with little or no
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Movement against barbed wire can result in moderate to severe injuries to the skin and, depending on body area and barbed wire configuration, possibly to the underlying tissue. Humans can manage not to injure themselves excessively when dealing with barbed wire as long as they are cautious.
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As with any fence, barbed wire fences require gates to allow the passage of persons, vehicles and farm implements. Gates vary in width from 3.5 metres (12 ft) to allow the passage of vehicles and tractors, to 12 metres (40 ft) on farm land to pass combines and swathers.
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to help enforce their claims, livestock continued to cross range boundaries. Fences of smooth wire did not hold stock well, and hedges were difficult to grow and maintain. Barbed wire's introduction in the West in the 1870s dramatically reduced the cost of enclosing land.
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are often trained and inured to the injuries caused by barbed wire. Several soldiers can lie across the wire to form a bridge for the rest of the formation to pass over; often any injury thus incurred is due to the tread of those passing over and not to the wire itself.
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The government of the United States built its first international border fence from 1909 to 1911 along the California-Mexico border. It included barbed wire and was intended to keep cattle from moving between the two countries. In 1924, the United States created its
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in the Eastern U.S., like wood and stone, were expensive to use in the large open spaces of the plains, and hedging was not reliable in the rocky, clay-based and rain-starved dusty soils. A cost-effective alternative was needed to make cattle operations profitable.
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Most barbed wire fences, while sufficient to discourage cattle, are passable by humans who can simply climb over or through the fence by stretching the gaps between the wires using non-barbed sections of the wire as handholds. To prevent humans crossing, many
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Zinc-coated steel wire. Galvanized steel wire is the most widely used steel wire during barbed wire production. It has commercial type, Class 1 type and Class 3 type. Or it is also well known as electric galvanized steel wire and hot dipped galvanized steel
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ended with the passage of a Texas law in 1884 that made fence cutting a felony. Other states followed, although conflicts occurred through the early years of the 20th century. An 1885 federal law forbade placing such fences across the public domain.
1120:. The limited mobility of someone climbing a fence makes passing conventional barbed wire more difficult. On some chain link fences, these strands are attached to a bracket tilted 45 degrees towards the intruder, further increasing the difficulty.
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and comes in rolls of 400 m (1,320 ft) length. Barbed wire is usually placed on the inner (pasture) side of the posts. Where a fence runs between two pastures livestock could be with the wire on the outside or on both sides of the fence.
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important producer of plain wire in the Eastern U.S. Washburn visited DeKalb and convinced Glidden to sell his stake in the Barb Wire Fence Company, while Ellwood stayed in DeKalb and renamed the company I.L Ellwood & Company of DeKalb.
929:(springy) nature, it is harder to handle and somewhat dangerous for inexperienced fencers. Soft wire is much easier to work but is less durable and only suitable for short spans such as repairs and gates, where it is less likely to tangle.
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104:, a thorny bush that is time-consuming to transplant and grow). When wire fences became widely available in the United States in the late 19th century, it became more affordable to fence much larger areas than before, and intensive
429:. Glidden, a farmer in 1873 and the first of the "Big Four," is often credited for designing a successful sturdy barbed wire product, but he let others popularize it for him. Glidden's idea came from a display at a fair in
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Many of the herds were decimated in the winter of 1885, with some losing as many as three-quarters of all animals when they could not find a way around the fence. Later other smaller scale cattlemen, especially in central
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is using Norwegian (and other Northern European region) hides for producing leather interior in their cars, since the hides from Norwegian cattle have fewer scratches than hides from countries where barbed wire is used.
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were used for the installation of wire obstacles; these were metal rods with eyelets for holding strands of wire, and a corkscrew-like end that could literally be screwed into the ground rather than hammered, so that
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where prisoners were gassed or experimented on were often separated from other areas by electrified wire and were often braided with branches to prevent outsiders from knowing what was concealed behind their walls.
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normally spaced at 10 metres (11 yd) on all terrain, with 4 or 5 battens in between. However, many farmers place posts 2 metres (2 yd) apart as battens can bend, causing wires to close in on one another.
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in most regions of the United States, but not all countries. The wire is aligned under tension between heavy, braced, fence posts (strainer posts) and then held at the correct height by being attached to wooden or
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Hand-knotting. The wire is wrapped around the corner post and knotted by hand. This is the most common method of attaching wire to a corner post. A timber hitch works well as it stays better with wire than with
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Most gates can be opened by push post. The chain is then wrapped around the tractor post and pulled onto the nail, stronger people can pull the gate tighter but anyone can jar off the chain to open the gate.
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is added in-line. This has the function of a corner post and brace assembly but handles tension from opposite sides. It uses diagonal brace wire that connects the tops to the bottoms of all adjacent posts.
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Corner posts are 15 to 20 centimetres (6 to 8 in) in diameter or larger, and a minimum 2.5 metres (8 ft) in length may consist of treated wood or from durable on-site trees such as osage orange,
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Because of the risk of injuries, in 2010 Norway prohibited making new fences with barbed wire for limiting migration of animals. Electric fences are used instead. Consequently, automotive brands such as
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Conventional twist. The strand wire (line wire) are twisted in single direction, which is also known as traditional twist. Besides, the barb wires are twisted between the two strand wire (line wire).
710:, and so the corner post's sole function is to resist the tension of the fence spans connected to it. The bracing keeps the corner post vertical and prevents slack from developing in the fence.
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fixed barbs. Glidden experimented with a grindstone to twist two wires together to hold the barbs on the wire in place. The barbs were created from experiments with a coffee mill from his home.
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As the war progressed, the wire was used in shorter lengths that were easier to transport and more difficult to cut with artillery. Other inventions were also a result of the war, such as the
115:, California, area, who spent nearly $ 4,000 (equivalent to $ 102,000 in 2023) to have wood for fencing delivered and erected to protect 2,500 acres (1,000 ha) of wheat crop from
1218:. Horses panic easily, and once caught in barbed wire, large patches of skin may be torn off. At best, such injuries may heal, but they may cause disability or death (particularly due to
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readjustment of tension or replacement of the wire more difficult. Then it is attached to all of the line posts with fencing staples driven in partially to allow stretching of the wire.
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A person or animal trying to pass through or over barbed wire will suffer discomfort and possibly injury. Barbed wire fencing requires only fence posts, wire, and fixing devices such as
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Wire wrap. The wire is wrapped around the corner post and wrapped onto a special, gritted helical wire which also wraps around the incoming wire, with friction holding it in place.
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Barbed wire began to be widely used as an implement of war during World War I. Wire was placed either to impede or halt the passage of soldiers, or to channel them into narrow
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Barbed wire was used for the first time by Portuguese troops defending from African tribes during the Combat of Magul in 1895. Less well known is its extensive usage in the
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steel rods to making many different wire and nail products from that steel. It later became part of U.S. Steel, and barbed wire remained a major source of revenue.
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were consolidated into larger companies, notably the American Steel and Wire Company, formed by the merging of Gates's and Washburn's and Ellwood's industries.
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Barbed wire was important in protecting range rights in the Western U.S. Although some ranchers put notices in newspapers claiming land areas, and joined
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architecture, where it usually surrounded the camp and was electrified to prevent escape. Barbed wire served the purpose of keeping prisoners contained.
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was granted a patent. Michael Kelly from New York had a similar idea, and proposed that the fencing should be used specifically for deterring animals.
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An 1880 US District Court decision upheld the validity of the Glidden patent, effectively establishing a monopoly. This decision was affirmed by the
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Papers, 1878-1938, of Texas rancher and co-inventor Isaac L. Ellwood in Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library at Texas Tech University
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competed with one another. Ellwood and Gates eventually joined forces again to create the American Steel and Wire Company, later acquired by The
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1998:"Stock Photo - TEL AVIV, PALESTINE, 1948: Israeli Haganah fighter dashes across a human bridge formed by two comrades over barbed wire obstacle"
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Reverse twist. The strand wire (line wire) are twisted in opposite direction. Besides, the barb wires are twisted outside of the two line wire.
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An example of the costs of fencing with lumber immediately prior to the invention of barbed wire can be found with the first farmers in the
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963:, where it played a strategic role bringing spaces under control, at military outposts as well as to hold the captured Boer population in
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it takes no room, exhausts no soil, shades no vegetation, is proof against high winds, makes no snowdrifts, and is both durable and cheap.
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in 1892. In 1898 Gates took control of Washburn and Moen, and created the American Steel and Wire monopoly, which became a part of the
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of John W. Gates, barbed wire promoter who monopolized the industry with the American Steel and Wire Company, accessed March 29, 2006
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constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at intervals along the strands. Its primary use is the construction of inexpensive
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was infamous for using a baseball bat wrapped in barbed wire—and infrequently as a covering of or substitute for the ring ropes.
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vehicles. The vehicles were used to drive into protesters and rioters and were nicknamed "Daly dozers" after then-Chicago mayor
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in 1876. The demonstration showing cattle restrained by the new kind of fencing was followed immediately by invitations to the
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became increasingly aimed at cutting the barbed wire that was a major component of trench warfare, particularly once new
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are frequently opened and closed may have a lever attached to assist in bringing the upper wire loop over the gate post.
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between open range ranchers and farmers in the late 19th century. These were similar to the disputes which resulted from
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1889:"The barbed-wire enclosed camp for migratory workers at the Cannon [Canning] Company of Bridgeville, Delaware"
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of interference, deferring Glidden's approval for his patented wire, nicknamed "The Winner," until November 24, 1874.
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and founded the Southern Wire Company, which became the largest manufacturer of unlicensed or "bootleg" barbed wire.
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Polymer-coated steel wire. Zinc steel wire or zinc-aluminum steel wire with PVC, PE or other organic polymer coating.
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Restriction of movement, appropriate clothing, and slow movement when close to barbed wire aid in reducing injury.
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Once these posts and bracing have been erected, the wire is wrapped around one corner post, held with a hitch (a
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in La Crosse, Kansas is the only museum in the world dedicated solely to barbed wire and the history of fencing.
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Single barb. Also known as 2-point barbed wire. It uses single barb wire twisted on the line wire (strand wire).
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97:, received a patent for the modern invention in 1874 after he made his own modifications to previous versions.
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is commonly referred to with the short phrase "Mauer und Stacheldraht" (that is, "wall and barbed wire"), and
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to place orders. Gates subsequently had a falling out with Washburn and Moen and Isaac Ellwood. He moved to
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1929:"Immigrant Life: Home, Community, and Social Aspects · Immigrants and the American West · Digital Exhibits"
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Single strand. Simple and light duty structure with single line wire (also known as strand wire) and barbs.
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Wire vise. The wire is passed through a hole drilled into the corner post and is anchored on the far side.
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Zinc-aluminum alloy coated steel wire. Barbed wire is available with zinc, 5% or 10% aluminum alloy and
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The frequent use of barbed wire on prison walls, around concentration camps, and the like, has made it
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Joseph M., McFadden, "Monopoly in Barbed Wire: The Formation of the American Steel and Wire Company."
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Joseph M., McFadden, "Monopoly in Barbed Wire: The Formation of the American Steel and Wire Company."
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Double barb. Also known as 4-point barbed wire. Two barb wires twisted on the line wire (strand wire).
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An early handmade specimen of Glidden's "The Winner" on display at the Barbed Wire History Museum in
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Masefield, John, "The Old Front Line'" The Macmillan Company, New York, Copyright 1917, pages 87-88.
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in 1873, by Henry B. Rose. Rose had patented "The Wooden Strip with Metallic Points" in May 1873.
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without the necessity of hammering stakes into the ground and drawing attention from the enemy.
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could work at night near enemy soldiers and not reveal their position by the sound of hammers.
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The first patent in the United States for barbed wire was issued in 1867 to Lucien B. Smith of
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and the bracing assembly. A barbed wire fence is under tremendous tension, often up to half a
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1984:"Architectures of Revolt: The Cinematic City Circa 1968 [PDF] [53qb1co901l0]"
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A commonly seen alternative is the placement of a few strands of barbed wire at the top of a
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Wire fences are cheaper and easier to erect than their alternatives (one such alternative is
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passage for dogs since they are the main means of controlling and driving animals on farms.
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The most important and most time-consuming part of a barbed wire fence is constructing the
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of oppression and denial of freedom in general. For example, in Germany, the totality of
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into Pakistan was controlled in Pakistan's largest province, Balochistan, under General
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More significantly, barbed wire was used extensively by all participating combatants in
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era of American history to the invention and subsequent proliferation of barbed wire.
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154:
79:
4754:
2512:– "single piece of metal with four points, attached to a flat rail" (February, 1874)
215:
Double strand. Conventional structure with double strand wire (line wire) and barbs.
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are placed in-line about 2.5 metres (8 ft) from the corner post. A horizontal
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382:
the plains were extensively settled, consolidating America's dominance over them.
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1968:
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1169:, by making the refugees stay for controlled durations in barbed wire camps (see
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1162:
1131:, and indirect fire could be used with greater effect as they attempted to pass.
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912:
Barbed wire for agricultural fencing is typically available in two varieties:
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2095:
1822:"The Raging Controversy at the Border Began with This Incident 100 Years Ago"
1302:
82:. It is simple to construct and quick to erect, even by an unskilled person.
68:
2453:
2437:
2421:
2215:
1945:
Blood sweat and gas: Print media and the 1968 Democratic National Convention
1226:
animals with slow movements that will back off at the first notion of pain (
494:
200:
Stainless steel wire. It is available with SAE 304, 316 and other materials.
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1110:
979:
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725:) is used whenever the barbed wire span exceeds 60 metres (200 ft).
470:
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1031:
892:
Barbed wire fences remain the standard fencing technology for enclosing
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2158:"Norge selger klør, tunger, tarmer, mager, skinn og bein for millioner"
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116:
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1728:"1873: Joseph Glidden applies for a patent on his barbed wire design"
1150:, which enabled construction of wire obstacles to be done at night in
537:
Barbed wire emerged as a major source of conflict with the so-called "
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2384:
1836:"29 photos that show the US-Mexico border's evolution over 100 years"
1219:
1132:
1040:
998:
801:
Aluminum-coated wire is occasionally used, and yields a longer life.
616:
570:
499:
147:
28:
4485:
2012:"1945 Human Bridge to Cross Barbed Wire Original News Service Photo"
666:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
517:
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2718:
2329:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
2132:"Bruk av piggtrĂĄd i gjerder for ĂĄ regulere dyrs ferdsel er forbudt"
1199:
1089:
1052:
1051:, barbed wire was used to enclose the concentration camps, such as
960:
814:
574:
Examples of barbed wire used in the late 1800s in Arizona Territory
434:
143:
36:
925:
elastic limits. It also supports longer spans, but because of its
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16:
Type of steel fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points
1915:"Journalism, Behind Barbed Wire | Library of Congress Blog"
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112:
1105:, and other high-security installations construct fences with
1013:, migratory work camps in the United States used barbed wire.
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728:
When the barbed wire span exceeds 200 m (650 ft), a
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2621:
2080:"Human rights group uncovers evidence of torture in Zimbabwe"
1207:
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60:
52:
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There are several ways to anchor the wire to a corner post:
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1215:
984:
789:
770:
Barbed wire for agriculture use is typically double-strand
64:
56:
1335:"The American Experience Technology Timeline: 1752 - 1990"
2188:
The Perfect Fence: Untangling the Meanings of Barbed Wire
1671:"Greggory E. Davies, William Edenborn of Winn Parish, La"
1211:
707:
1699:
about his uncle's accomplishments regarding barbed wire.
1371:. Ohio Historical Society. July 31, 2006. Archived from
1241:
matches, often as a covering for another type of weapon—
1860:
1062:, barbed wire was attached to the fronts of police and
389:
2356:, Volume 13, October 1939, accessed September 20, 2006
2377:
Barbed wire changes life on the American Great Plains
1206:
Injuries caused by barbed wire are typically seen in
959:
In 1899 barbed wire was also extensively used in the
2481:– tensioner for fence with palings (pickets) (1871)
2433:– "rotary spools with projecting spurs" (June 1867)
2197:
The Devil's Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire
1848:
1565:
The Devil's Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire
1527:
The Devil's Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire
1496:
The Devil's Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire
1470:
The Devil's Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire
1440:
History of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley
1413:. New Jersey: John Wiley & Songs, Inc. p.
1576:
1574:
1233:Barbed wire has been reported as a tool for human
581:demonstrated barbed wire for Washburn and Moen in
2552:– barb installable on existing fence wire, (1876)
2179:
1322:first patent in the United States for barbed wire
565:
71:, it is a major feature of the fortifications in
63:, and it is also used as a security measure atop
7152:
2335:Wire Fence and the Dіffеrent Styles They Come In
987:in 1916, as shown by the Allied breakthrough at
413:'s Improvement to barbed wire (24 November 1874)
19:"Barb wire" redirects here. For other uses, see
2827:
1712:Anderson, Terry Lee & Leal, Donald (2001).
1571:
194:steel wire, which is also known as Galfan wire.
3389:
3335:
3153:
2999:
2027:"Barbed wire fencing as a hazard for wildlife"
1410:Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries
945:A wiring party deploying entanglements during
936:
452:
4501:
4044:
3774:
3603:
3579:
3196:
3187:
3144:
2868:
2664:
2655:
2571:
2134:. Mattilsynet. April 22, 2014. Archived from
462:fencing and the ranchers who were losing the
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4144:
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3627:
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3008:
2945:
2931:
2922:
2805:
2782:
2497:– "strips provided with metal points" (1873)
2350:Barbed Wire Fencing - Its Rise and Influence
2223:McCallum, Henry D. & Frances T. (1965).
1237:. It is also frequently used as a weapon in
2814:
2796:
2742:
2728:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2610:
2024:
1707:
1705:
740:strands spaced equally and off the ground.
108:was made practical on a much larger scale.
4508:
4494:
2578:
2564:
1568:(London: Reaktion Books Ltd, 2002), p. 23.
1530:. London: Reaktion Books Ltd. p. 28.
1473:. London: Reaktion Books Ltd. p. 16.
2305:"History of the invention of barbed wire"
2103:
1793:
1499:(London: Reaktion Books Ltd, 2002), p.19.
682:Learn how and when to remove this message
2222:
2077:
1753:
1741:
1702:
1631:
1619:
1607:
1550:
1519:
1517:
1406:
1143:were introduced midway through the war.
1088:
1077:
1039:Infirmaries in extermination camps like
1030:
997:
991:through German lines on August 8, 1918.
940:
883:
863:various ranching communities of coastal
836:
693:
569:
516:
493:
404:
393:
35:
27:
2229:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
2190:(Texas A&M University Press, 2017).
2090:(7333). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd: 317.
1047:During the United States' World War II
489:
40:Roll of modern agricultural barbed wire
7153:
2479:Improvement in Constructing Wire fence
2186:Bennett, Lyn Ellen, and Scott Abbott.
2078:Ferriman, Annabel (February 9, 2002).
1800:. Vol. 2. ANC-Clio. p. 107.
1171:Controlling Soviet–Afghan war refugees
1073:
6271:
6087:Bibliography of the American frontier
4515:
4489:
2559:
2449:– "sharpened spur wheels" (July 1867)
2390:The Wildlife Friendly Fencing project
2253:
2193:
1901:
1767:"Honoring the Wire That Won the West"
1523:
1514:
1466:
1345:from the original on February 7, 2009
1341:. Public Broadcasting Systems. 2000.
1096:is a curved variation of barbed wire.
760:they tend to slip when under tension.
6143:Cuisine of the Western United States
2520:– Joseph Glidden, DeKalb, Illinois,
2237:Barbed wire. An ecology of modernity
2234:
1952:from the original on March 23, 2020.
1948:(MA thesis). University of Montana.
1941:
1866:
1854:
1508:
1437:
631:
390:1873 meeting and initial development
126:
3970:Weapons Storage and Security System
2340:Development and Rise of Barbed Wire
2037:: 210–217 – via ResearchGate.
1192:has a barbed wire in their symbol.
417:The "Big Four" in barbed wire were
249:
89:, who is regarded as the inventor.
13:
5879:Confederate Gulch and Diamond City
2585:
1127:in which small arms, particularly
1016:In the 1930s and 1940s Europe the
611:This led to disputes known as the
14:
7197:
6127:Timeline of the American Old West
2532:– Jacob Haish, DeKalb, Illinois,
2287:Website of the Devils Rope Museum
2280:
7135:
7134:
4469:
4468:
2360:Glidden's patent for barbed wire
2256:Barbed Wire: A Political History
1716:. 0-312-23503-8. pp. 30–31.
1582:"A Brief History of Barbed Wire"
1049:Internment of Japanese Americans
849:One style of gate is called the
636:
425:, Charles Francis Washburn, and
378:settlement occurring. After the
131:
5783:First transcontinental railroad
2550:Improvement in Wire-fence Barbs
2534:Improvement in Wire-fence Barbs
2150:
2124:
2071:
2041:
2018:
2004:
1990:
1976:
1956:
1935:
1921:
1907:
1895:
1881:
1872:
1828:
1814:
1787:
1759:
1747:
1735:
1720:
1685:
1663:
1650:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1556:
1544:
1502:
1395:patent for the modern invention
1239:hardcore professional wrestling
698:Barbed wire fence in line brace
627:
2258:. W. W. Norton & Company.
2180:References and further reading
1794:Stapleton, Timothy J. (2013).
1691:Glen Coleman, great-nephew of
1487:
1460:
1446:
1431:
1400:
1387:
1357:
1327:
1314:
879:
566:In the Southwest United States
368:
146:format but may read better as
1:
3865:British "hedgehog" road block
2300:The Kansas Barbed Wire Museum
2239:. Wesleyan University Press.
2226:The Wire that Fenced the West
1004:Japanese prisoner of war 1945
1002:Barbed wire and containment:
5958:Battle of the Little Bighorn
2510:Improvement in Barbed Fences
2025:van der Ree, Rodney (2016).
1942:Love, Sarah Switzer (2001).
1797:A Military History of Africa
1714:Free Market Environmentalism
916:or mild-steel wire and high-
820:During the First World War,
521:Rusted barbed wire in a roll
7:
5983:First Battle of Adobe Walls
5927:Long Branch Saloon gunfight
5922:Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
4275:Cities with defensive walls
3860:Defensive fighting position
3775:
3580:
3390:
3336:
3197:
3188:
3154:
3145:
3000:
2417:accessed September 21, 2006
2368:accessed September 21, 2006
2366:Antique Barbed Wire Society
2084:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
2053:wildlifefriendlyfencing.com
1964:"1968: Whole world watched"
1697:The Man Who Fenced the West
1658:The Business History Review
1645:The Business History Review
1261:
937:Warfare and law enforcement
662:the claims made and adding
525:One fan wrote the inventor
469:Demonstrations by Gates in
453:Promotion and consolidation
67:surrounding property. As a
10:
7202:
5738:Great Western Cattle Trail
2522:Improvement in Wire-fences
2495:Improvement in Wire-fences
2382:The History of Barbed Wire
2292:February 22, 2011, at the
2200:. London: Reaktion Books.
363:
21:Barb wire (disambiguation)
18:
7130:
7099:
7066:
7048:
7000:
6947:
6879:
6806:
6778:
6725:
6667:
6635:
6592:
6574:
6551:
6503:
6450:
6417:
6369:
6316:
6278:
6267:
6135:
6074:
6021:
5940:
5897:
5859:
5826:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine
5791:
5698:
5648:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
5563:
5453:
5370:Frederick Russell Burnham
5360:
5210:
5104:
4973:
4810:
4803:
4530:
4523:
4459:
4389:
4313:
4257:
4191:
4077:
3982:
3905:Hardened aircraft shelter
3880:Entry control point (ECP)
3792:
3703:
3419:
3412:
2844:
2593:
1407:Carlisle, Rodney (2004).
1293:Kansas Barbed Wire Museum
1035:Auschwitz fence in Poland
511:stockgrowers associations
502:fence which has caught a
122:
32:Close-up of a barbed wire
5167:"Mysterious Dave" Mather
4402:Continuity of government
2096:10.1136/bmj.324.7333.317
1673:. files.usgwarchives.net
1308:
841:Wire or "Hampshire" gate
832:
5968:Battle of Washita River
5953:Battle of Glorieta Pass
5831:Lost Ship of the Desert
5773:Southern Emigrant Trail
5733:Great Platte River Road
5400:George Armstrong Custer
5192:William "Bill" Tilghman
4705:Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth)
4224:Motte-and-bailey castle
3930:Missile launch facility
3925:Main line of resistance
2620:
2491:DeKalb County, Illinois
2475:Seneca County, New York
2465:– "thorny fence" (1868)
2362:accessed March 29, 2006
2346:accessed March 29, 2006
2254:Razac, Olivier (2003).
1339:The American Experience
1161:, the accommodation of
1085:with barbed wire on top
874:
721:brace posts (forming a
155:converting this section
6178:Rocky Mountain oysters
4300:Military installations
4164:
4145:
4136:
4127:
4045:
3716:
3691:
3667:
3657:Scarp and Counterscarp
3628:
3619:
3604:
3571:
3557:
3528:
3499:
3490:
3466:
3427:
3232:
3213:
3131:
3080:
3071:
3027:
3018:
3009:
2946:
2932:
2923:
2869:
2828:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2783:
2743:
2729:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2611:
2344:University of Virginia
1255:Rolls-Royce Motor Cars
1097:
1086:
1036:
1006:
949:
889:
842:
699:
575:
522:
506:
414:
402:
41:
33:
6013:Wounded Knee Massacre
5963:Battle of San Jacinto
5932:Variety Hall shootout
5907:Battle of Coffeyville
5889:Pike's Peak Gold Rush
5869:Black Hills Gold Rush
5546:Thomas William Sweeny
5410:Samuel P. Heintzelman
5187:John Horton Slaughter
5081:Richens Lacey Wootton
4615:Five Civilized Tribes
4069:Floating water castle
3800:Admiralty scaffolding
3093:Fortified buildings (
2463:Improvement in Fences
2447:Improvement in Fences
2235:Netz, Reviel (2004).
2120:on February 12, 2008.
1598:, Devil's Rope Museum
1438:Winchell, Lilbourne.
1190:Amnesty International
1092:
1081:
1034:
1001:
944:
887:
840:
792:-coated (galvanized)
697:
620:dated the end of the
573:
520:
497:
408:
397:
39:
31:
7161:Engineering barrages
7068:Washington Territory
6808:New Mexico Territory
6173:Pacific Northwestern
6092:Cowboys and cowgirls
5874:California Gold Rush
5851:Seven Cities of Gold
5836:Montezuma's treasure
5643:One-room schoolhouse
5491:George E. Goodfellow
5385:Texas Jack Omohundro
5228:"Curly Bill" Brocius
5026:Liver-Eating Johnson
5001:Tomás VĂ©lez CachupĂn
4555:Assiniboine (Nakota)
4412:Subterranean warfare
3365:Viking ring fortress
2372:Barbed Wire in Texas
2354:Agricultural History
2194:Krell, Alan (2002).
2059:on December 29, 2016
2031:Victorian Naturalist
1660:, 52, 4, 1978, p. 5.
1647:, 52, 4, 1978, p. 2.
1524:Krell, Alan (2002).
1467:Krell, Alan (2002).
1369:Ohio History Central
1273:Barbed Wire Act 1893
1141:"wire-cutting" fuzes
1135:bombardments on the
1020:used barbed wire in
730:braced line assembly
490:In the American West
7181:Area denial weapons
7166:American inventions
6056:Pleasant Valley War
5998:Sand Creek massacre
5948:Battle of the Alamo
5821:Long Tom's treasure
5516:Octaviano Larrazolo
5430:Ranald S. Mackenzie
5380:"Buffalo Bill" Cody
5091:"Old Bill" Williams
5041:William John Murphy
4229:Quadrangular castle
3965:Weapon storage area
3321:Quadrangular castle
2541:U.S. patent 185,346
2529:U.S. patent 167,240
2517:U.S. patent 157,124
2502:U.S. patent 147,756
2486:U.S. patent 138,763
2473:– Joshua Rappleye,
2470:U.S. patent 116,755
2407:on December 7, 2008
2164:. December 21, 2015
1869:, pp. 124–127.
1775:. September 2, 2000
1756:, pp. 165–166.
1074:Safety and injuries
965:concentration camps
606:United States Steel
457:In the late 1870s,
409:Patent drawing for
119:livestock in 1872.
6881:Oklahoma Territory
6066:Sutton–Taylor feud
6046:Lincoln County War
6041:Johnson County War
5941:Military conflicts
5884:Klondike Gold Rush
5685:Westward expansion
5506:Zephaniah Kingsley
5280:John Wesley Hardin
5177:George Scarborough
5157:"Wild Bill" Hickok
5046:John Wesley Powell
3960:Underground hangar
3745:Fire control tower
3542:Gunpowder magazine
2970:Butter-churn tower
2454:U.S. patent 74,379
2438:U.S. patent 67,117
2422:U.S. patent 66,182
2352:also at UVA, from
1972:. August 24, 2008.
1375:on October 3, 2007
1098:
1087:
1060:1968 Chicago riots
1037:
1026:extermination camp
1022:concentration camp
1007:
954:Russo-Japanese War
950:
890:
888:Modern barbed wire
865:Central California
860:Stockgrower's Lash
843:
700:
647:possibly contains
587:San Antonio, Texas
576:
562:were unnecessary.
551:Fence Cutting Wars
523:
507:
415:
403:
380:American Civil War
157:, if appropriate.
42:
34:
7148:
7147:
7126:
7125:
7122:
7121:
7101:Wyoming Territory
6669:Montana Territory
6505:Florida Territory
6318:Arizona Territory
6205:Western lifestyle
6036:Earp-Clanton feud
5978:ChimayĂł Rebellion
5912:Battle of Lincoln
5718:Butterfield Trail
5668:Vigilante justice
5559:
5558:
5486:John Joel Glanton
5471:Jonathan R. Davis
5466:William H. Boring
5071:Trinidad Swilling
4660:Lenape (Delaware)
4585:Chippewa (Ojibwe)
4517:American frontier
4483:
4482:
4407:Military urbanism
4341:Fortified gateway
4214:Concentric castle
3978:
3977:
3895:Fire support base
3735:Coastal artillery
3610:(Spanish America)
3204:
3046:Concentric castle
2546:Creston, Illinois
2505:– Isaac Ellwood,
2457:– Michael Kelly,
2265:978-1-56584-812-2
2246:978-0-8195-6719-2
1772:Los Angeles Times
1610:, pp. 29–32.
1424:978-0-471-24410-3
1365:"Lucien B. Smith"
1268:Bangalore torpedo
1159:Soviet–Afghan War
920:. Both types are
899:steel fence posts
718:compression brace
692:
691:
684:
649:original research
411:Joseph F. Glidden
361:
360:
176:
175:
91:Joseph F. Glidden
7193:
7138:
7137:
6949:Oregon Territory
6886:Indian Territory
6452:Dakota Territory
6276:
6275:
6269:
6268:
6168:New Mexico chile
6051:Mason County War
6008:Texas Revolution
5973:Bear Flag Revolt
5723:California Trail
5633:Manifest destiny
5565:Frontier culture
5461:John Jacob Astor
5435:Charley Reynolds
5335:Younger Brothers
5315:Joaquin Murrieta
5202:Harry C. Wheeler
5197:James Timberlake
5086:Henry Wickenburg
5031:Meriwether Lewis
4950:Touch the Clouds
4812:Native Americans
4808:
4807:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4487:
4486:
4472:
4471:
4465:
4356:National redoubt
4285:Fortified estate
4209:Circular rampart
4169:
4150:
4141:
4132:
4050:
3810:Anti-tank trench
3805:Air raid shelter
3780:
3740:Disappearing gun
3721:
3696:
3672:
3633:
3624:
3609:
3585:
3576:
3562:
3533:
3504:
3495:
3471:
3432:
3417:
3416:
3395:
3375:Bailey (or ward)
3341:
3246:Motte-and-bailey
3237:
3218:
3202:
3194:
3193:
3159:
3150:
3136:
3085:
3076:
3032:
3023:
3014:
3005:
2951:
2937:
2928:
2874:
2831:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2788:
2748:
2734:
2674:Circular rampart
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2543:
2531:
2519:
2507:DeKalb, Illinois
2504:
2488:
2472:
2456:
2441:– William Hunt,
2440:
2425:– Lucien Smith,
2424:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2403:. Archived from
2401:"Patent history"
2320:
2318:
2316:
2311:on July 21, 2010
2307:. Archived from
2296:in McLean, Texas
2269:
2250:
2230:
2219:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2138:on June 29, 2017
2128:
2122:
2121:
2116:. Archived from
2107:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2055:. Archived from
2045:
2039:
2038:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1841:Business Insider
1832:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1709:
1700:
1693:William Edenborn
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1667:
1661:
1654:
1648:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1588:on July 21, 2010
1584:. Archived from
1578:
1569:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1521:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1283:Isaac L. Ellwood
1118:chain link fence
1083:Chain link fence
1068:Richard J. Daley
1011:Great Depression
783:
782:
778:
775:
687:
680:
676:
673:
667:
664:inline citations
640:
639:
632:
602:US Supreme Court
579:John Warne Gates
459:John Warne Gates
427:Isaac L. Ellwood
400:DeKalb, Illinois
350:
349:
345:
342:
315:
314:
310:
307:
280:
279:
275:
272:
254:
253:
250:Nominal diameter
205:Strand structure
171:
168:
162:
153:You can help by
135:
134:
127:
106:animal husbandry
95:DeKalb, Illinois
47:, also known as
7201:
7200:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7144:
7118:
7095:
7062:
7044:
6996:
6943:
6883:
6875:
6802:
6774:
6721:
6663:
6631:
6588:
6570:
6553:Idaho Territory
6547:
6499:
6446:
6413:
6365:
6312:
6263:
6158:Native American
6131:
6082:Arizona Rangers
6070:
6025:
6017:
5936:
5917:Frisco shootout
5893:
5855:
5801:Dead man's hand
5787:
5700:
5694:
5690:Wild West shows
5598:Cattle rustling
5555:
5541:Sedona Schnebly
5526:Sylvester Mowry
5449:
5440:Philip Sheridan
5390:James C. Cooney
5362:
5356:
5248:Dalton Brothers
5206:
5117:Charlie Bassett
5100:
5021:John C. Frémont
4975:
4969:
4935:Snapping Turtle
4799:
4750:Southern Paiute
4715:Pend d'Oreilles
4700:Northern Paiute
4526:
4519:
4514:
4484:
4479:
4463:
4455:
4385:
4309:
4253:
4187:
4122:Imperial castle
4095:Coercion castle
4090:Coastal defence
4073:
4035:Promontory fort
4005:Hillside castle
3974:
3890:Fallout shelter
3855:Concertina wire
3835:Border security
3788:
3699:
3408:
3041:Coercion castle
3029:Cheval de frise
3011:Chemin de ronde
2859:Albarrana tower
2840:
2785:Schwedenschanze
2762:Promontory fort
2589:
2584:
2544:– John Nelson,
2539:
2527:
2515:
2500:
2484:
2468:
2452:
2443:Scott, New York
2436:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2399:
2314:
2312:
2303:
2294:Wayback Machine
2283:
2278:
2266:
2247:
2208:
2182:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2023:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1969:Chicago Tribune
1962:
1961:
1957:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1730:History Channel
1725:
1721:
1710:
1703:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1591:
1589:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1522:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1278:Concertina wire
1264:
1167:Rahimuddin Khan
1163:Afghan refugees
1076:
939:
882:
877:
835:
780:
776:
773:
771:
688:
677:
671:
668:
653:
641:
637:
630:
568:
492:
455:
392:
371:
366:
347:
343:
340:
338:
312:
308:
305:
303:
277:
273:
270:
268:
252:
172:
166:
163:
152:
136:
132:
125:
51:, is a type of
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7199:
7189:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7142:
7131:
7128:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7116:
7111:
7105:
7103:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7072:
7070:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7060:
7058:Salt Lake City
7054:
7052:
7050:Utah Territory
7046:
7045:
7043:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7006:
7004:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6953:
6951:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6890:
6888:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6812:
6810:
6804:
6803:
6801:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6784:
6782:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6731:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6673:
6671:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6641:
6639:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6598:
6596:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6580:
6578:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6563:
6557:
6555:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6528:Prospect Bluff
6525:
6520:
6515:
6509:
6507:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6456:
6454:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6423:
6421:
6415:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6375:
6373:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6322:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6284:
6282:
6273:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6190:Gothic Western
6187:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6032:
6030:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5797:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5768:Santa Fe Trail
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5728:Chisholm Trail
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5704:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5673:Western saloon
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5573:American bison
5569:
5567:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5531:Emperor Norton
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5501:Andrew Jackson
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5366:
5364:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5061:Jedediah Smith
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4814:
4805:
4804:Notable people
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4795:Yuma (Quechan)
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4755:Tohono OĘĽodham
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4532:Native Nations
4528:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4513:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4490:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4441:
4439:Trench warfare
4436:
4434:Tunnel warfare
4431:
4430:
4429:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4290:Fortifications
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4142:
4133:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4107:
4102:
4100:Counter-castle
4097:
4092:
4087:
4085:Border barrier
4081:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4020:Lowland castle
4017:
4012:
4010:Hilltop castle
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3885:Electric fence
3882:
3877:
3875:Dragon's teeth
3872:
3870:Czech hedgehog
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3784:Wire obstacles
3781:
3772:
3770:Polygonal fort
3767:
3762:
3760:Martello tower
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3725:Border outpost
3722:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3611:
3601:
3599:Polygonal fort
3596:
3591:
3586:
3577:
3568:
3563:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3496:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3210:
3205:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3137:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3111:
3106:
3091:
3089:Flanking tower
3086:
3077:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3056:Counter-castle
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3024:
3015:
3006:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2943:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2846:Post-classical
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2836:Vitrified fort
2833:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2789:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2740:
2735:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2694:Defensive wall
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2587:Fortifications
2583:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2537:
2525:
2513:
2498:
2489:– Henry Rose,
2482:
2466:
2450:
2434:
2418:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2347:
2337:
2332:
2321:
2297:
2282:
2281:External links
2279:
2277:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2251:
2245:
2232:
2231:, LoC:65-11234
2220:
2207:978-1861891440
2206:
2191:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2149:
2123:
2070:
2040:
2017:
2003:
1989:
1975:
1955:
1934:
1920:
1917:. May 5, 2017.
1906:
1894:
1880:
1871:
1859:
1857:, p. 108.
1847:
1827:
1813:
1806:
1786:
1758:
1746:
1744:, p. 131.
1734:
1719:
1701:
1684:
1662:
1649:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1570:
1555:
1543:
1536:
1513:
1501:
1486:
1479:
1459:
1445:
1442:. p. 107.
1430:
1423:
1399:
1386:
1356:
1326:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1075:
1072:
1064:National Guard
938:
935:
901:, and/or with
881:
878:
876:
873:
851:Hampshire gate
834:
831:
827:wiring parties
768:
767:
764:
761:
757:
690:
689:
644:
642:
635:
629:
626:
617:enclosure laws
583:Military Plaza
567:
564:
535:
534:
527:Joseph Glidden
491:
488:
454:
451:
419:Joseph Glidden
391:
388:
370:
367:
365:
362:
359:
358:
355:
352:
335:
334:
331:
328:
324:
323:
320:
317:
300:
299:
296:
293:
289:
288:
285:
282:
265:
264:
261:
258:
251:
248:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
236:
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
221:
220:Barb structure
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
206:
202:
201:
198:
195:
188:
183:
182:
180:
174:
173:
139:
137:
130:
124:
121:
73:trench warfare
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7198:
7187:
7186:Steel objects
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7141:
7133:
7132:
7129:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7102:
7098:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7081:Port Townsend
7079:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7065:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7053:
7051:
7047:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6946:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6909:Oklahoma City
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6887:
6882:
6878:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6805:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6793:Virginia City
6791:
6789:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6750:Nebraska City
6748:
6746:
6745:Fort Robinson
6743:
6741:
6740:Fort Atkinson
6738:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6718:
6717:Virginia City
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6666:
6660:
6659:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6634:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6585:
6584:Fort Dearborn
6582:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6550:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6533:St. Augustine
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6502:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6490:Standing Rock
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6420:
6416:
6410:
6409:San Francisco
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6368:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6326:Canyon Diablo
6324:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6277:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6258:
6257:Snap fastener
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6231:
6230:Texas country
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6210:Western music
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6200:Western genre
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
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6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
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6145:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6128:
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6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6024:
6020:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6003:Seminole Wars
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
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5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
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5930:
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5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
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5862:
5858:
5852:
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5842:
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5834:
5832:
5829:
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5824:
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5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5713:Bozeman Trail
5711:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5663:Train robbery
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5593:Cowboy poetry
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5476:George Flavel
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5420:Calamity Jane
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5359:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5305:Frank McLaury
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5238:Billy Clanton
5236:
5234:
5233:Butch Cassidy
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5218:Billy the Kid
5216:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5162:Bat Masterson
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5142:Henry Garfias
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5097:
5096:Brigham Young
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5076:Ora Rush Weed
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5066:Jack Swilling
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5011:Davy Crockett
5009:
5007:
5006:William Clark
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4940:Standing Bear
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4905:Quanah Parker
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4522:
4518:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4499:
4497:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4476:
4475:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4444:Urban warfare
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4397:Civil defense
4395:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4265:Bastion forts
4263:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4249:Z-plan castle
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:L-plan castle
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4204:Bridge castle
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:Refuge castle
4171:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4154:Military base
4152:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4117:Hunting lodge
4115:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4030:Moated castle
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:Island castle
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:By topography
3981:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3955:Submarine pen
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3910:Hesco bastion
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:Blast shelter
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3594:Place-of-arms
3592:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3227:Machicolation
3225:
3223:
3222:L-plan castle
3220:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2955:Bridge castle
2953:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2918:Bent entrance
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2903:Battery tower
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Advanced work
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2778:Refuge castle
2776:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2459:New York City
2455:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2411:September 21,
2406:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2323:Krell, Alan:
2322:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2013:
2007:
1999:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1930:
1924:
1916:
1910:
1904:, p. 89.
1903:
1898:
1890:
1884:
1875:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1851:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1809:
1807:9780313395703
1803:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1755:
1754:McCallum 1965
1750:
1743:
1742:McCallum 1965
1738:
1732:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1708:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1672:
1666:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1640:
1634:, p. 87.
1633:
1632:McCallum 1965
1628:
1622:, p. 41.
1621:
1620:McCallum 1965
1616:
1609:
1608:McCallum 1965
1604:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1553:, p. 27.
1552:
1551:McCallum 1965
1547:
1539:
1537:9781861891440
1533:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1511:, p. 10.
1510:
1505:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1480:9781861891440
1476:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1454:"Galfan wire"
1449:
1441:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1323:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1303:Wire obstacle
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:border regime
1183:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1152:No Man's Land
1149:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1137:Western Front
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1080:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
990:
986:
981:
976:
974:
973:border patrol
968:
966:
962:
957:
955:
948:
943:
934:
930:
928:
923:
919:
915:
910:
906:
904:
900:
895:
886:
872:
868:
866:
861:
855:
852:
847:
839:
830:
828:
823:
822:screw pickets
818:
816:
812:
808:
802:
798:
795:
791:
787:
765:
762:
758:
754:
753:
752:
749:
746:
741:
738:
734:
731:
726:
724:
719:
715:
711:
709:
705:
696:
686:
683:
675:
672:December 2019
665:
661:
657:
651:
650:
645:This section
643:
634:
633:
625:
623:
618:
614:
609:
608:Corporation.
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
572:
563:
561:
555:
552:
548:
542:
540:
532:
531:
530:
528:
519:
515:
512:
505:
501:
496:
487:
483:
479:
478:Corporation.
477:
472:
467:
465:
460:
450:
446:
442:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
412:
407:
401:
396:
387:
383:
381:
375:
357:1.47 mm
356:
353:
337:
336:
333:2.03 mm
332:
329:
326:
325:
322:2.11 mm
321:
318:
302:
301:
298:2.34 mm
297:
294:
291:
290:
287:2.51 mm
286:
283:
267:
266:
262:
259:
256:
255:
244:
241:
240:
237:
234:
233:
229:
226:
225:
222:
219:
218:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
203:
199:
196:
193:
189:
185:
184:
181:
178:
177:
170:
167:December 2019
161:is available.
160:
156:
150:
149:
145:
140:This section
138:
129:
128:
120:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
83:
81:
76:
74:
70:
69:wire obstacle
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
38:
30:
26:
22:
7114:Fort Laramie
7109:Fort Bridger
6894:Broken Arrow
6645:Independence
6242:Cowboy boots
6237:Western wear
6117:Mountain men
5778:Tanner Trail
5763:Pony Express
5758:Oregon Trail
5753:Mormon Trail
5623:Homesteading
5588:Cattle drive
5577:
5551:Peter Lebeck
5536:Annie Oakley
5496:Doc Holliday
5425:Luther Kelly
5405:Alexis Godey
5395:George Crook
5330:Sundance Kid
5285:Johnny Ringo
5275:Bill Downing
5056:Levi Ruggles
5016:Donner Party
4991:John Bozeman
4986:Daniel Boone
4925:Sitting Bull
4900:Plenty Coups
4835:Chief Joseph
4830:Bloody Knife
4825:Black Kettle
4525:1776 to 1912
4467:
4422:Siege engine
4390:Other topics
4314:Related word
4280:Defense line
4244:Tower castle
4199:Bastion fort
4183:Urban castle
4111:Ganerbenburg
4109:
4064:Water castle
4040:Ridge castle
4025:Marsh castle
3840:Bomb shelter
3820:Belgian gate
3793:20th century
3710:
3704:19th century
3642:Retrenchment
3614:Punji sticks
3523:Entrenchment
3518:Device Forts
3485:Counterguard
3420:Early modern
3350:Tower castle
3286:Powder tower
3261:Outer bailey
3173:Inner bailey
3147:Gulyay-gorod
3115:Ganerbenburg
3113:
3109:Fujian tulou
3051:Corner tower
2990:Chamber gate
2960:Bridge tower
2808:Trou de loup
2549:
2533:
2521:
2509:
2494:
2478:
2462:
2446:
2430:
2409:. Retrieved
2405:the original
2353:
2313:. Retrieved
2309:the original
2255:
2236:
2225:
2196:
2187:
2166:. Retrieved
2161:
2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2136:the original
2126:
2118:the original
2087:
2083:
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:the original
2052:
2043:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2006:
1992:
1978:
1967:
1958:
1944:
1937:
1923:
1909:
1897:
1883:
1874:
1862:
1850:
1839:
1830:
1816:
1796:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1770:
1761:
1749:
1737:
1729:
1722:
1713:
1696:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1665:
1657:
1652:
1644:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1590:. Retrieved
1586:the original
1563:
1562:Alan Krell,
1558:
1546:
1526:
1504:
1494:
1493:Alan Krell,
1489:
1469:
1462:
1448:
1439:
1433:
1409:
1402:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1373:the original
1368:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
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1182:East Germany
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1148:screw picket
1145:
1129:machine guns
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1111:wire cutters
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905:in between.
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807:black locust
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745:timber hitch
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723:double brace
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628:Installation
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591:Menger Hotel
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159:Editing help
141:
117:free-ranging
110:
102:Osage orange
99:
84:
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48:
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25:
7040:San Antonio
6977:Oregon City
6972:McMinnville
6899:Fort Gibson
6831:Fort Sumner
6821:Albuquerque
6788:Carson City
6692:Fort Benton
6650:Kansas City
6622:Leavenworth
6543:Tallahassee
6394:Los Angeles
6379:Bakersfield
6356:Window Rock
6163:New Mexican
6153:Californian
6102:Ghost towns
5993:Mexican War
5988:Indian Wars
5861:Gold rushes
5841:Paul Bunyan
5748:Meek Cutoff
5708:Barlow Road
5578:Barbed wire
5511:Seth Kinman
5325:Soapy Smith
5320:Belle Starr
5310:Tom McLaury
5300:Tom Ketchum
5295:Frank James
5290:Jesse James
5270:Bill Doolin
5243:Ike Clanton
5182:John Selman
5172:Bass Reeves
5147:Pat Garrett
5132:Virgil Earp
5127:Morgan Earp
5112:Elfego Baca
5051:Juan Rivera
4996:Jim Bridger
4875:Ganundalegi
4860:Crazy Snake
4855:Crazy Horse
4321:Castle town
4178:Toll castle
4147:Lustschloss
4129:Kaiserpfalz
4059:Spur castle
4054:Rock castle
3995:Hill castle
3990:Cave castle
3950:Spider hole
3850:Bremer wall
3815:Barbed tape
3711:Barbed wire
3385:Witch tower
3355:Tower house
3345:Toll castle
3331:Shield wall
3251:Murder hole
3140:Guard tower
2757:Pincer gate
2704:Faussebraye
2325:Barbed Wire
2162:Aftenposten
2063:February 1,
1867:Netz (2004)
1855:Netz (2004)
1779:October 26,
1379:January 28,
1349:January 28,
1288:Jacob Haish
1200:Infantrymen
1157:During the
1058:During the
1009:During the
980:World War I
947:World War I
880:Agriculture
714:Brace posts
704:corner post
471:San Antonio
423:Jacob Haish
369:Before 1865
45:Barbed wire
7155:Categories
7025:Fort Worth
6962:The Dalles
6929:Tishomingo
6816:Alamogordo
6707:Livingston
6687:Deer Lodge
6607:Dodge City
6561:Fort Boise
6518:Negro Fort
6485:Rapid City
6480:Pine Ridge
6475:Fort Yates
6399:Sacramento
6371:California
6331:Fort Grant
6247:Cowboy hat
6215:New Mexico
6195:Weird West
6148:Chuckwagon
6061:Sheep Wars
6023:Range wars
5846:Pecos Bill
5816:Johnny Kaw
5811:John Henry
5806:Dime novel
5701:and trails
5678:Tack piano
5658:Stagecoach
5613:Ghost town
5375:Kit Carson
5363:and scouts
5223:Black Bart
5137:Wyatt Earp
4865:Dasoda-hae
4850:Crazy Bear
4820:Black Hawk
4346:Gatekeeper
4166:Ordensburg
4138:Landesburg
3945:Sentry gun
3900:Flak tower
3830:Blast wall
3750:Gun turret
3647:Sally port
3552:Kotta mara
3492:Couvreface
3456:Breastwork
3451:Blockhouse
3429:Abwurfdach
3380:Watchtower
3370:Wall tower
3326:Shell keep
3276:Portcullis
3271:Peel tower
3256:Neck ditch
3215:Landesburg
3163:Half tower
3121:Gate tower
3066:Drawbridge
2908:Battlement
2824:Wagon fort
2667:Chengqiang
2431:Wire fence
2427:Kent, Ohio
2168:August 17,
2142:August 17,
1902:Razac 2003
1298:Razor wire
1243:Mick Foley
1107:razor wire
1094:Razor wire
922:galvanized
737:Line posts
656:improve it
613:range wars
539:Big Die Up
504:tumbleweed
476:U.S. Steel
464:open range
235:Twist type
192:mischmetal
87:Kent, Ohio
7091:Vancouver
6967:La Grande
6934:Tuskahoma
6924:Tahlequah
6904:Fort Sill
6871:Tucumcari
6841:Las Vegas
6770:Whiteclay
6765:Valentine
6697:Fort Peck
6655:St. Louis
6612:Ellsworth
6566:Fort Hall
6538:St. Marks
6523:Pensacola
6437:Telluride
6404:San Diego
6389:Jamestown
6346:Tombstone
6288:Anchorage
6136:Influence
6107:Gunfights
5899:Gunfights
5743:Lolo Pass
5699:Transport
5638:Moonshine
5628:Land rush
5618:Gunfights
5608:Fast draw
5583:Boot Hill
5481:C. S. Fly
5445:Al Sieber
5152:Jack Helm
5036:Joe Mayer
4974:Explorers
4945:Ten Bears
4930:Smallwood
4915:Sacagawea
4910:Red Cloud
4890:Manuelito
4885:Kiliahote
4735:Seminoles
4695:Nez Perce
4560:Blackfoot
4449:Guerrilla
4192:By design
3940:Revetment
3755:Land mine
3686:Star fort
3513:Crownwork
3508:Covertway
3441:Barricade
3082:Embrasure
2995:Chartaque
2925:Bergfried
2883:Arrowslit
2709:Gatehouse
2679:City gate
2640:Castellum
2606:Acropolis
2385:About.com
2273:Biography
1677:March 26,
1509:Netz 2004
1220:infection
1133:Artillery
1041:Auschwitz
813:, or red
811:red cedar
660:verifying
595:St. Louis
500:rangeland
354:0.058 in.
330:0.080 in.
319:0.083 in.
295:0.093 in.
284:0.099 in.
179:Materials
49:barb wire
7140:Category
7030:Gonzales
6982:Portland
6919:Pawhuska
6914:Okmulgee
6866:Santa Fe
6856:Mogollon
6826:Cimarron
6755:Ogallala
6727:Nebraska
6712:Missoula
6677:Billings
6637:Missouri
6576:Illinois
6465:Deadwood
6460:Bismarck
6442:Trinidad
6419:Colorado
6336:Prescott
6293:Iditarod
6220:Red Dirt
5793:Folklore
5603:Cow town
5521:Nat Love
5415:Tom Horn
5361:Soldiers
5122:Roy Bean
4978:pioneers
4965:Washakie
4960:Victorio
4870:Geronimo
4845:Degataga
4740:Shoshone
4685:Muscogee
4670:Maricopa
4645:Kumeyaay
4635:Kickapoo
4630:Hualapai
4600:Comanche
4575:Cheyenne
4565:Cahuilla
4474:Category
4464:See also
4351:Loophole
4239:Ringwork
4234:Ringfort
4159:Obstacle
4000:Hillfort
3920:Loophole
3718:Barbette
3693:Tenaille
3676:Sea fort
3606:Presidio
3566:Magazine
3547:Hornwork
3480:Cavalier
3475:Casemate
3468:Caponier
3311:Ringwork
3199:Detinets
3168:Hoarding
3073:Enceinte
2948:Bretèche
2893:Bartizan
2888:Barbican
2864:Alcazaba
2792:Stockade
2772:Ringfort
2752:Palisade
2724:Landwehr
2719:Hillfort
2315:July 21,
2290:Archived
2216:50494711
2114:11834551
1950:Archived
1695:, wrote
1592:July 21,
1343:Archived
1262:See also
1178:symbolic
1053:Manzanar
961:Boer War
815:mulberry
622:Old West
435:Illinois
327:14 gauge
292:13 gauge
260:Imperial
55:fencing
7086:Seattle
7076:Everett
7035:Lubbock
7020:El Paso
7015:Abilene
6957:Astoria
6861:Roswell
6851:Mesilla
6846:Lincoln
6735:Chadron
6682:Bozeman
6627:Wichita
6602:Abilene
6495:Yankton
6341:Phoenix
6308:Skagway
6183:Tex-Mex
6122:Outlaws
5211:Outlaws
4920:Seattle
4880:Irataba
4840:Cochise
4790:Yavapai
4760:Tonkawa
4720:Pequots
4650:Kutenai
4620:Hidatsa
4595:Cocopah
4580:Chinook
4550:Arikara
4545:Arapaho
4381:Vedette
4371:Schloss
4336:Festung
4331:Dungeon
4326:Château
4270:Castles
4078:By role
3935:Pillbox
3765:Outpost
3681:Station
3669:Schanze
3652:Sandbag
3637:Redoubt
3621:Ravelin
3589:Palanka
3573:Orillon
3559:Lunette
3501:Coupure
3446:Bastion
3436:Arsenal
3404:Zwinger
3316:Roundel
3306:Ricetto
3281:Postern
3266:Outwork
3190:Kremlin
3061:Curtain
3036:Citadel
3020:Chemise
2980:Caltrop
2898:Bastion
2871:Alcázar
2767:Rampart
2745:Oppidum
2738:Nuraghe
2684:Crannog
2658:Castros
2594:Ancient
2105:1122260
1251:Bentley
1235:torture
1125:defiles
1103:prisons
927:elastic
918:tensile
903:battens
779:⁄
654:Please
560:cowboys
364:History
346:⁄
311:⁄
276:⁄
263:Metric
80:staples
7171:Fences
7010:Austin
6939:Wewoka
6836:Gallup
6780:Nevada
6702:Helena
6594:Kansas
6513:Angola
6432:Denver
6427:Creede
6384:Fresno
6351:Tucson
6303:Seward
6280:Alaska
6272:Places
6225:Tejano
6112:Lawmen
5454:Others
5264:Emmett
5105:Lawmen
4895:Massai
4780:Yakama
4775:Washoe
4765:Umpqua
4730:Pueblo
4710:Pawnee
4690:Navajo
4680:Mohave
4665:Mandan
4655:Lakota
4610:Dakota
4570:Cayuse
4540:Apache
4376:Trench
4366:Picket
3777:Sangar
3730:Bunker
3662:Sconce
3582:Ostrog
3530:Flèche
3413:Modern
3392:Yagura
3360:Turret
3296:Reduit
3234:Merlon
3178:Kasbah
3156:Gusuku
3133:Glacis
3126:Gabion
3095:church
3002:Chashi
2985:Castle
2829:Laager
2817:Vallum
2774:(Rath)
2649:Castra
2631:Burgus
2601:Abatis
2327:, in:
2262:
2243:
2214:
2204:
2112:
2102:
2049:"Home"
1804:
1534:
1477:
1421:
1208:horses
989:Amiens
894:cattle
431:DeKalb
142:is in
123:Design
113:Fresno
61:fences
7002:Texas
6987:Salem
6760:Omaha
6470:Fargo
6252:Jeans
6097:Gangs
6075:Lists
6028:feuds
5653:Rodeo
4785:Yaqui
4745:Sioux
4675:Modoc
4640:Kiowa
4590:Caddo
4417:Siege
4361:Palas
4305:Walls
4295:Forts
4258:Lists
4105:Fence
4047:Rocca
3915:Kabal
3630:Redan
3537:Gorge
3461:Canal
3338:Shiro
3301:Ribat
3291:Qalat
3103:Dzong
3099:house
2799:Sudis
2731:Limes
2689:Ditch
2622:Broch
2613:Agger
2461:(!),
1309:Notes
1216:birds
1214:, or
1018:Nazis
833:Gates
794:steel
786:gauge
756:rope.
547:Texas
351:gauge
316:gauge
281:gauge
257:Gauge
187:wire.
148:prose
65:walls
53:steel
7176:Wire
6992:Vale
6884:and
6798:Reno
6617:Hays
6361:Yuma
6298:Nome
6026:and
5351:John
5339:Cole
5256:Bill
5252:Grat
4976:and
4955:Tuvi
4725:Pima
4625:Hopi
4605:Crow
4427:list
3845:Buoy
3399:Yett
3241:Moat
3208:Ksar
3183:Keep
2975:Caer
2965:Burh
2941:Boom
2934:Berm
2913:Bawn
2878:Amba
2714:Gord
2413:2006
2317:2010
2260:ISBN
2241:ISBN
2212:OCLC
2202:ISBN
2170:2017
2144:2017
2110:PMID
2065:2017
1802:ISBN
1781:2015
1726:See
1679:2014
1594:2010
1532:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1381:2009
1351:2009
1253:and
1228:e.g.
1212:bats
1024:and
985:tank
914:soft
875:Uses
790:zinc
144:list
57:wire
5347:Jim
5343:Bob
5260:Bob
4770:Ute
2699:Dun
2342:at
2100:PMC
2092:doi
2088:324
2035:116
1415:241
1184:'s
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708:ton
658:by
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