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mischmetal. The light lanthanides are so similar in their metallurgical properties, that any application for which the original composition would have been suitable, would be equally well served by these truncated mixtures. The traditional "rare-earth chloride", as a commodity chemical, was also used to extract the individual rare earths by companies that did not wish to process the ores directly. As of 2007, mischmetal is typically priced at less than 10
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As of 2007, the high demand for neodymium has made it profitable to remove all of the heavier lanthanides and neodymium (and sometimes all of the praseodymium as well) from the natural-abundance lanthanide mixture for separate sale and to include only La-Ce-Pr or La-Ce in the most economical forms of
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content of the ore tended not to be reduced to the metal, but accumulated in the molten halide, from which it could later be profitably isolated. Monazite-derived mischmetal typically was about 48% cerium, 25% lanthanum, 17% neodymium, and 5% praseodymium, with the balance being the other
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Mischmetal is used in the preparation of virtually all rare-earth elements. This is because such elements are nearly identical in most chemical processes, meaning that ordinary extraction processes do not distinguish them. Highly specialized processes, such as those developed by
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started being processed for rare-earth content in about 1965, it too was converted to a version of rare-earth chloride and on to mischmetal. This version was higher in lanthanum and lower in neodymium.
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to separate mischmetal into its constituent elements, with each step producing only an incremental change in composition. Such processes later informed
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remained, for which there was no commercial use. He sought applications for the rare earths. Among his first discoveries/inventions was mischmetal.
260:), sometimes known as "lanthanide chloride", was the major commodity chemical of the rare-earth industry. By careful heating, preferably with
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and torches, although an alloy of only rare-earth elements would be too soft to give good sparks. For this purpose, it is blended with
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to form a harder material known as ferrocerium. In chemical formulae it is commonly abbreviated as Mm, e.g. MmNi
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R. J. Callow, "The
Industrial Chemistry of the Lanthanons, Yttrium, Thorium and Uranium", Pergamon Press, 1967.
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to improve the melt behavior) led to the formation of molten mischmetal, which would then be cast into
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per kilogram, and the underlying rare-earth chloride mixtures are typically less than US$ 5/kg.
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Jurczyk, M.; Rajewski, W.; Majchrzycki, W.; Wójcik, G. (1999-08-30). "Mechanically alloyed MmNi
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process for steel wire. This is a zinc and 5-10% aluminium coating, with traces of mischmetal.
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F. H. Spedding and A. H. Daane, editors, "The Rare Earths", John Wiley & Sons, 1961.
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Traces of a cerium and lanthanum mischmetal are sometimes added to the
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What Is
Mischmetal? The Birth of the Rare Earth Metals Industry
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of the molten anhydrous chloride (admixed with other anhydrous
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by reaction at high temperature with either concentrated
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relative to the trivalent lanthanides, its daughter
228:of the light lanthanides and thorium. The ore was
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137:and 5% iron. Its most common use is in the
359:-type materials for metal hydride electrodes".
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437:The Wooden Periodic Table Table - Mischmetal
217:Historically, mischmetal was prepared from
248:was precipitated out using entrainment in
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
407:Gupta, C. K.; Krishnamurthy, N. (2005).
201:industry. After extracting thorium from
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32:This article includes a list of general
256:. The resulting "rare-earth chloride" (
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409:Extractive metallurgy of rare earths
181:was the discoverer of neodymium and
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38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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16:Pyrophoric rare-earth metal alloy
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144:"flint" ignition device of many
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361:Journal of Alloys and Compounds
85:A handful of mischmetal pellets
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373:10.1016/S0925-8388(99)00202-9
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444:// Encyclopædia Britannica
327:Zinc-aluminium galvanising
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411:. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
264:or in an atmosphere of
185:, and co-discoverer of
105:– "mixed metal") is an
53:more precise citations.
464:// Переведённая статья
313:Carl Auer von Welsbach
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179:Carl Auer von Welsbach
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173:Carl Auer von Welsbach
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119:rare-earth mischmetal
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113:. It is also called
488:Lanthanum compounds
289:lanthanides. When
111:rare-earth elements
454:2015-11-17 at the
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129:, and 15~18%
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478:Rare earth alloys
418:978-0-415-33340-5
266:hydrogen chloride
262:ammonium chloride
115:cerium mischmetal
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483:Cerium compounds
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458:// About.com
447:Ryan Wojes,
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387:"Mischmetal"
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274:Electrolysis
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183:praseodymium
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90:Mischmetal
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442:Misch metal
336:galvanising
321:Marie Curie
258:hexahydrate
213:Preparation
207:lanthanides
205:sand, many
142:ferrocerium
135:lanthanides
125:, 25%
103:Mischmetall
51:introducing
472:Categories
391:MBR Metals
342:References
317:solubility
291:bastnäsite
199:rare-earth
191:gas mantle
150:iron oxide
139:pyrophoric
59:April 2012
34:references
462:Мишметалл
254:chlorides
226:phosphate
223:anhydrous
131:neodymium
127:lanthanum
95:‹See Tfd›
452:Archived
286:samarium
270:chloride
242:basicity
219:monazite
203:monazite
187:lutetium
146:lighters
284:. Any
230:cracked
195:thorium
193:(using
164:History
47:improve
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333:Galfan
282:ingots
278:halide
246:radium
123:cerium
99:German
92:(from
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221:, an
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107:alloy
413:ISBN
152:and
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