47:
802:
164:
207:
196:
138:
184:
151:
112:
125:
810:
706:. The armed forces that made up the German counterattack were mostly German, two armed groups attacking concentrically, one from the direction of Oltenia and the other from the south of the Danube. The sheer number of troops involved, as well as the large area of operations, make it one of the most complex battles fought on Romanian soil during the war.
901:
Romanian Army was still a force taken into consideration by allies and enemies alike and capable to offer resistance to further attacks. Before retreating, Romanian troops burned down the oil wells at Ploiești along with the surrounding wheat fields so as to keep them out of the hands of the
Central Powers.
862:
The
Romanians suffered a considerable setback when a staff car carrying attack plans accidentally drove into a German position and was captured. These plans were vital to the Germans. As various developments took place, (General Culcer's "betrayal", the lack of involvement on the part of the Russian
792:
Prezan ordered a concentrated attack made up of seven divisions against
Mackensen's group. Divisions 18 and 21 attacked frontally to pin the German forces down, while Divisions 2/5, 9/19 Infantry and Division 2 Cavalry attacked the exposed left flank of Mackensen's group. At the same time, two newly
900:
throughout this period, they failed to achieve their fundamental political and strategic goal, namely
Romania's defeat and her getting out of the war. Despite heavy casualties, some 250,000 men, which were almost one third of the manpower mobilized in August 1916, and losses of combat material, the
858:
was very powerfully attacked southwest of
Bucharest and pushed back. The German troops who crossed the Neajlov were cut off and isolated. The situation most certainly became very critical." Only the last-minute intervention of the 26th Turkish Infantry Division on 2 December saved Mackensen's group
849:
On 1 December, the
Romanian Army began its attack, striking the 20 km wide gap between the Mackensen and Falkenhayn groups, thus causing the retreat of Mackensen's platoon and the reversal of von Falkenhayn's platoon's flank. The plan succeeded in its early stage, as the Romanian and Russian
872:
The Battle for
Bucharest is considered to be the most complex military operation undertaken by the Romanian Army in 1916, both because of the number of men involved and because of its length, as well as because of the length of its front line.
773:
Following a series of losses on the
Romanian Army's side in Oltenia and Muntenia, the political authorities decided to appoint General Constantin Prezan commander of Army 1, with the immediate objective of organizing the defense of Bucharest.
789:, devised a plan of operations that involved a surprise flanking maneuver at the division between Mackensen's armed forces and Kühne's. That division referred to a 20-kilometer area between the German forces' two groups of combatants.
776:"Through a Supreme Order you are temporarily named commander of Army 1. As such, we ask of you report tomorrow, 10 November, at 10:30 A.M. at the General Quarters. You shall take Captain Antonescu Ion with you from the North Army."
769:
The
Romanian and Russian forces, made up of approximately 150.000 men, were led by General Constantin Prezan, while the Central Powers' armed forces were led by General August von Mackensen and Erich von Falkenhayn.
863:
armed forces), the German, Bulgarian and
Turkish forces, by taking advantage of their superior numbers, soon managed to recover and push back the Romanian forces, leaving the way to the capital open.
881:
After the battle, minor actions were fought in the fortifications surrounding Bucharest between the invading Germans and the Romanian reserves which had failed to arrive due to the actions of
869:
Even though the Battle for Bucharest was lost, it only served as a tactical defeat in the end, as the Central Powers failed their strategic goal of eliminating Romania from the war.
866:
Thus, on 6 December 1916, the German troops entered Bucharest and occupied it. In the end, the Romanian Government and the Romanian armed forces were forced to retreat to Moldavia.
383:
571:
785:
In spite of the disastrous strategic situation that he was presented with, Prezan, alongside of the leader of the newly arrived French military mission to Romania, General
850:
forces managed to surprise the enemy. Romanian forces captured thousands of prisoners and significant quantities of material during this counter-offensive. German General
896:
and a naturalized German. The city was eventually occupied by the Central Powers on 6 December. However, in spite of the human, material and military efforts made by the
484:
561:
1293:
489:
270:
581:
522:
576:
566:
1298:
830:, these were checked by Prezan's maneuver group within two days. The left flank of the Danube Army had thus been exposed. On 29 November, the towns of
745:
On 27 November 1916, three main events took place which enabled the Central Powers to commence the offensive towards Bucharest: following a successful
1308:
1303:
882:
921:
698:
The battle was of defensive nature, as the Romanian Army was joined by a part of the Imperial Russian army. The Romanian Army, led by General
620:
304:
263:
826:, despite the Romanians incurring casualties amounting to 700 prisoners and 20 guns. Although the 217th moved some battalions to
637:
256:
549:
757:, the German 9th Army and Mackensen's Danube Army had linked up, and the Danube had been secured by the Bulgarian capture of
717:'s command – consisting of German, Bulgarian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian troops – won the battle of Argeș. As a result,
952:
156:
1144:
1083:
1055:
447:
725:
were occupied on 6 December by the Central Powers On 11 December 1916, German and Austro-Hungarian troops crossed the
1333:
1249:
1200:
1123:
479:
511:
801:
46:
1273:
1229:
467:
339:
1328:
1323:
602:
442:
366:
334:
1265:
405:
1161:
1030:
319:
371:
855:
630:
324:
34:
928:
376:
597:
1318:
1313:
590:
532:
496:
462:
430:
349:
293:
425:
393:
679:' combatants, led by General Erich von Falkenhayn, occupied the Romanian capital and forced the
314:
517:
472:
452:
437:
299:
280:
842:
554:
713:
was taken by the Central Powers. On 4 December, the Danube Army, under general field marshal
607:
457:
1177:
714:
503:
360:
309:
211:
200:
30:
329:
8:
680:
415:
344:
726:
615:
887:
664:
420:
183:
117:
1269:
1245:
1225:
1196:
1140:
1119:
1079:
1051:
893:
823:
746:
699:
668:
544:
527:
188:
851:
750:
625:
410:
400:
854:
considered the situation to be very serious: "On 1 December the left flank of the
786:
354:
169:
904:
Bucharest was eventually liberated after the Central Powers' surrender in 1918.
838:
fell to the Germans, after the Romanian 1st Army made a brief stand at Pitești.
897:
676:
130:
85:
793:
arrived Russian divisions, Cavalry 8 and Infantry 40 attacked the left flank.
654:
1287:
1179:
The story of the great war: with complete historical record of events to date
684:
206:
195:
143:
388:
835:
729:. During the night of 14–15 December, the Romanian forces retreated from
672:
38:
827:
722:
831:
710:
754:
730:
718:
72:
248:
734:
703:
688:
1076:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
758:
702:, had previously been unable to stop the German counterattack in
658:
809:
692:
1103:
Marele Cartier General al Armatei României. Documente 1916–1920
1166:. Vol. 3. New York Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 251.
1035:. Vol. 3. New York Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 249.
51:
Falkenhayn's cavalry entering Bucharest on 6 December 1916
1218:
841:
1118:, Center for Romanian Studies, Portland, pp. 246–250.
813:
Operations in Romania, November 1916 to January 1917
1078:. Indiana University Press. pp. 267 and 269.
1294:Battles of World War I involving Austria-Hungary
1285:
1116:Romania and World War I: A Collection of Studies
822:On 28 November, the German 217th Division was
1260:Burg, David F. and Purcell, L. Edward (2004)
1137:Russia's Last Gasp: The Eastern Front 1916–17
1048:Russia's Last Gasp: The Eastern Front 1916–17
264:
1139:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 386–387.
817:
236:60,000 soldiers killed, wounded and missing
1244:. Naval & Military Press. pp 299–300.
753:, the Romanians abandoned the line of the
271:
257:
147:
1299:Battles of World War I involving Bulgaria
108:
1309:Battles of World War I involving Romania
1304:Battles of World War I involving Germany
808:
800:
1254:
1069:
1067:
1286:
1050:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 378.
92:Central Powers occupation of Bucharest
1210:
1208:
953:Fall of Bucharest, Lloyd George to PM
278:
252:
1105:, București: Ed. Machiavelli, p. 153
1064:
737:., marking a new moment in the war.
1092:
13:
1205:
1191:Liddell Hart, Basil Henry (1992)
14:
1345:
989:"Bukarest und Ploesci genommen,"
683:, as well as the remnants of the
16:1916 battle in Bucharest, Romania
1224:. New York: Arno Press. p. 154.
691:and re-establish its capital at
205:
194:
182:
162:
149:
136:
123:
110:
45:
1234:
1185:
1170:
1153:
1128:
1108:
805:The conduct of military actions
780:
1195:, Macmillan Papermac. p. 349.
1193:History of the First World War
1039:
1022:
1015:"Von den Kriegsschauplätzen",
1009:
1002:"Von den Kriegsschauplätzen",
996:
983:
976:"Von den Kriegsschauplätzen,"
970:
957:
946:
914:
1:
922:"Michigan War Studies Review"
796:
764:
740:
667:, was the last battle of the
63:29 November – 6 December 1916
1266:University Press of Kentucky
1176:Wood, Leonard et al. (1917)
1074:Barrett, Michael B. (2013).
1073:
876:
7:
1159:
1134:
1045:
1028:
10:
1350:
1163:A history of the great war
1032:A history of the great war
1242:My War Memories 1914–1918
1240:Ludendorff, Erich (2001)
1216:United Roumania [
290:
230:
217:
175:
102:
55:
44:
28:
23:
1334:Bucharest in World War I
907:
818:Prelude (28–30 November)
638:Romania rejoins the war
1262:Almanac of World War I
1214:Clark, Charles (1971)
1019:, 16 December 1916, 1.
1006:, 12 December 1916, 1.
965:Neues Wiener Tagblatt,
963:"Pitesci – genommen,"
814:
806:
315:Petroșani (offensive)
176:Commanders and leaders
1135:Buttar, Prit (2016).
1114:Torrey, Glen (1999).
1046:Buttar, Prit (2016).
1017:Neues Wiener Tagblatt
1004:Neues Wiener Tagblatt
993:, 7 December 1916, 1.
991:Neues Wiener Tagblatt
980:, 5 December 1916, 1.
978:Neues Wiener Tagblatt
812:
804:
709:On 29 November 1916,
231:Casualties and losses
1329:December 1916 events
1324:November 1916 events
967:30 November 1916, 1.
715:August von Mackensen
652:, also known as the
504:The Romanian Debacle
448:Southern Carpathians
212:August von Mackensen
201:Erich von Falkenhayn
31:the Romanian Debacle
1160:Buchan, J. (1922).
1029:Buchan, J. (1922).
892:, a subordinate of
859:from encirclement.
843:Battle of the Argeș
681:Romanian Government
661:Defensive Operation
650:Battle of Bucharest
631:Treaty of Bucharest
480:Eastern Carpathians
238:85 artillery pieces
24:Battle of Bucharest
1182:. Vol. 11. p. 3299
815:
807:
550:Pitești–Târgoviște
401:Orșova (offensive)
894:Constantin Prezan
845:and its aftermath
824:halted at Prunaru
700:Constantin Prezan
669:Romanian Campaign
645:
644:
310:Sibiu (offensive)
282:Romanian Campaign
247:
246:
189:Constantin Prezan
98:
97:
35:Romanian Campaign
1341:
1276:
1258:
1252:
1238:
1232:
1212:
1203:
1189:
1183:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1132:
1126:
1112:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1026:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1000:
994:
987:
981:
974:
968:
961:
955:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
933:
927:. Archived from
926:
918:
891:
852:Erich Ludendorff
626:Treaty of Buftea
285:
283:
273:
266:
259:
250:
249:
240:115 machine guns
210:
209:
199:
198:
187:
186:
168:
166:
165:
159:
155:
153:
152:
142:
140:
139:
129:
127:
126:
120:
116:
114:
113:
57:
56:
49:
21:
20:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1319:1916 in Romania
1314:Battles in 1916
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1259:
1255:
1239:
1235:
1213:
1206:
1190:
1186:
1175:
1171:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1133:
1129:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1044:
1040:
1027:
1023:
1014:
1010:
1001:
997:
988:
984:
975:
971:
962:
958:
951:
947:
937:
935:
934:on 3 March 2016
931:
924:
920:
919:
915:
910:
885:
883:Alexandru Socec
879:
847:
820:
799:
787:Henri Berthelot
783:
767:
743:
675:, in which the
646:
641:
635:
612:
406:Băile Herculane
286:
281:
279:
277:
243:10,000 soldiers
239:
237:
204:
203:
193:
181:
170:Austria-Hungary
163:
161:
160:
150:
148:
146:
137:
135:
124:
122:
121:
111:
109:
76:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1347:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1278:
1277:
1253:
1233:
1204:
1184:
1169:
1152:
1146:978-1472812766
1145:
1127:
1107:
1091:
1085:978-0253008657
1084:
1063:
1057:978-1472812766
1056:
1038:
1021:
1008:
995:
982:
969:
956:
945:
912:
911:
909:
906:
898:Central Powers
878:
875:
846:
840:
819:
816:
798:
795:
782:
779:
766:
763:
747:holding action
742:
739:
727:Ialomița river
687:to retreat to
677:Central Powers
643:
642:
634:
633:
628:
623:
618:
611:
610:
605:
600:
587:
586:
585:
584:
579:
574:
569:
559:
558:
557:
552:
547:
537:
536:
535:
525:
520:
515:
512:2nd Jiu Valley
500:
499:
494:
493:
492:
487:
477:
476:
475:
470:
468:1st Jiu Valley
465:
460:
455:
445:
440:
435:
434:
433:
428:
423:
418:
408:
403:
398:
397:
396:
391:
381:
380:
379:
374:
369:
364:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
305:Northern front
291:
288:
287:
276:
275:
268:
261:
253:
245:
244:
241:
233:
232:
228:
227:
224:
220:
219:
215:
214:
191:
178:
177:
173:
172:
133:
131:Russian Empire
105:
104:
100:
99:
96:
95:
94:
93:
86:Central Powers
82:
78:
77:
71:
69:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
42:
41:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1346:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1250:9781845743031
1247:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1202:
1201:9780333582619
1198:
1194:
1188:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1124:9789739432009
1121:
1117:
1111:
1104:
1100:(in Romanian)
1095:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1005:
999:
992:
986:
979:
973:
966:
960:
954:
949:
930:
923:
917:
913:
905:
902:
899:
895:
889:
884:
874:
870:
867:
864:
860:
857:
853:
844:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
811:
803:
794:
790:
788:
778:
777:
771:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
685:Romanian Army
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
660:
656:
651:
640:
639:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
594:
593:
592:
591:1917 Campaign
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
572:Râmnicu Sărat
570:
568:
565:
564:
563:
560:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
541:
538:
534:
531:
530:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
513:
509:
508:
507:
506:
505:
498:
495:
491:
488:
486:
483:
482:
481:
478:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
395:
392:
390:
387:
386:
385:
382:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
367:3rd Petroșani
365:
363:
362:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Mount Cindrel
348:
346:
343:
341:
340:2nd Petroșani
338:
336:
335:1st Petroșani
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
301:
298:
297:
296:
295:
294:1916 Campaign
289:
284:
274:
269:
267:
262:
260:
255:
254:
251:
242:
235:
234:
229:
225:
222:
221:
216:
213:
208:
202:
197:
192:
190:
185:
180:
179:
174:
171:
158:
145:
144:German Empire
134:
132:
119:
107:
106:
101:
91:
90:
89:
87:
83:
80:
79:
74:
70:
67:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1281:
1261:
1256:
1241:
1236:
1221:
1215:
1192:
1187:
1178:
1172:
1162:
1155:
1136:
1130:
1115:
1110:
1102:
1098:*** (1996).
1094:
1075:
1047:
1041:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1003:
998:
990:
985:
977:
972:
964:
959:
948:
936:. Retrieved
929:the original
916:
903:
880:
871:
868:
865:
861:
848:
821:
791:
784:
781:The strategy
775:
772:
768:
744:
708:
697:
653:
649:
647:
636:
589:
588:
539:
510:
502:
501:
473:Dragoslavele
443:Cinghinarele
359:
300:Transylvania
292:
103:Belligerents
84:
18:
886: [
856:Danube Army
673:World War I
671:of 1916 in
431:2nd Cobadin
426:1st Cobadin
39:World War I
1288:Categories
1274:0813190878
1268:. p. 146.
1230:0405027419
797:The battle
765:Commanders
741:Background
621:Bessarabia
497:Olt Valley
438:1st Orșova
877:Aftermath
836:Câmpulung
755:Olt River
731:Wallachia
719:Bucharest
608:3rd Oituz
603:Mărășești
540:Bucharest
533:Robănești
518:2nd Oituz
485:Úz Valley
463:Sălătrucu
458:1st Oituz
416:Turtucaia
75:, Romania
73:Bucharest
735:Moldavia
723:Ploiești
704:Muntenia
689:Moldavia
523:Zimnicea
421:Bazargic
394:Flămânda
384:Bulgaria
320:Șelimbăr
218:Strength
157:Bulgaria
88:victory
68:Location
29:Part of
938:6 March
832:Pitești
759:Giurgiu
751:Slatina
711:Pitești
665:Romania
659:Neajlov
598:Mărăști
582:Focșani
562:Retreat
545:Prunaru
528:Slatina
453:Predeal
411:Dobruja
325:Livadia
226:250,000
223:150,000
118:Romania
33:of the
1272:
1248:
1228:
1199:
1143:
1122:
1082:
1054:
616:Galați
577:Brăila
490:Ghimeș
377:Brașov
372:Bărcuț
167:
154:
141:
128:
115:
81:Result
1222:]
932:(PDF)
925:(PDF)
908:Notes
890:]
828:Naipu
655:Argeş
567:Buzău
555:Argeș
361:Sibiu
355:Colun
345:Roșia
1270:ISBN
1246:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1120:ISBN
1080:ISBN
1052:ISBN
940:2009
834:and
721:and
693:Iaşi
648:The
389:Ruse
330:Baru
60:Date
1219:sic
749:at
733:to
663:in
37:of
1290::
1264:.
1207:^
1066:^
888:ro
761:.
695:.
1149:.
1088:.
1060:.
942:.
657:–
272:e
265:t
258:v
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