4550:
inexplicable unsuccess, as it seemed to many – was followed by equally baseless criticism and complaint. The truth is, that when
Brussilov and Sarrail had once failed to achieve their purpose, her chances of victory were gone. She had attempted a strategic problem which only a wild freak of fortune could have permitted her to solve. Her numbers from the start were too small, too indifferently trained, and too weakly supplied with guns. Nevertheless, once she stood with her back to the wall, this little people, inexpert in war, made a stalwart resistance. Let justice be done to the fortitude of the Rumanian retreat. Her generals were quick to grasp the elements of danger, and by their defence of the central passes prevented the swift and utter disaster of which her enemies dreamed. After months of fighting, during which his armies lost heavily, Falkenhayn gained Wallachia and the capital; but the plunder was not a tithe of what he had hoped for. The Rumanian expedition was, let it be remembered, a foraging expedition in part of its purpose, and the provender secured was small. The ten weeks of the retreat were marked by conspicuous instances of Rumanian quality in the field, and the battles of Hermannstadt and the Striu valley, the defence of the Predeal, Torzburg, and Rotherthurm Passes, the first battle of Targu Jiu, and
3074:"Cloșca" and "Crișan". The education given to the volunteers enrolled in the new units, emphasized the development of the Romanian national consciousness and the love for their country, which was to be Romania, a country that many knew only through the hostile propaganda of Austria-Hungary. Also, this education aimed to eliminate the distrust in the new Italian ally, as well as the difficulties of communication with other soldiers from the other Romanian historical regions. The only language used in military service was Romanian. Officers of Romanian origin had a complex training program, which included, among other things, the study of the Italian language. The equipment and endowment of the constituted units and subunits was made with Italian military equipment. The enlisted POWs received the corresponding rank in the Italian Royal Army. The sedentary part of the Romanian Legion, under the command of Colonel Camillo Ferraioli, was established at
835:
729:
498:
10893:
271:
4618:
3321:, but had to withdraw under the pressure of the enemy forces. Mackensen's success was favoured by the failure of the Allies to fulfill the obligation they had assumed through the military convention, by virtue of which they had to mount an offensive on the Macedonian front and the conditions in which the Russians deployed insufficient troops on the battlefront in the south-east of Romania. These factors meant that the Romanian forces became too strained to put up effective resistance against the enemy advance. Romania had to fight on two 1,600 km-long battlefronts, the longest front in Europe, with a varied configuration and diverse geographical elements (by comparison, the Russian front, stretching from the
3457:
921:
572:
4182:
3333:
2661:
912:
793:
784:
561:
374:
10785:
4260:
3967:. The re-organization pursued the reduction of the effectives of the "Operations Army" to parameters that suited the country's resources for waging a long campaign. The infantry divisions were ensured identical structure to make replacements and maneuvers easier on the battlefront and to have a fire power comparable with that of the enemy. The army corps became only a command body for tactical coordination. The cavalry divisions received more machine guns. The artillery material underwent a homogenization process, with two regiments (one cannon, the other howitzer) for each division, while the heavy artillery was organized as a distinct group.
199:
1000:
740:
894:
766:
539:
352:
340:
328:
932:
583:
173:
4523:
3517:
3895:
this period, they failed to achieve their fundamental political and strategic goal to defeat
Romania and knock it out of the war. Despite heavy casualties, some 250,000 men (almost one third of the manpower mobilized in August 1916) compared to 105,000 Central Power casualties (including 60,000 Germans), and losses of combat material, the Romanian army was still a force taken into consideration by allies and enemies alike and capable of offering resistance to further attacks. Part of the population moved to the free territory, together with the Romanian government, royal court and public authorities, which relocated to
10969:
885:
759:
528:
517:
317:
305:
293:
985:
826:
718:
487:
160:
10857:
253:
3066:
increased significantly, who have developed a good reputation and a good image among the civilian
Italian population. The ease with which Italian citizens were able to communicate with the Romanians in relation to Germans and Hungarians, as well as their spirit of sacrifice associated with the demonstration of being good workers, led to the respect of the Italian civilians towards Romanians. This went to the point where Italian civil solidarity and assistance committees were spontaneously created, reserved for Romanian citizens and their families left in the homeland.
4435:
3940:
branches to rebuild the evacuated factories and workshops, increase the production destined for the national defense and the productivity yielded by the exploitation of the few petroleum and coal resources in the free zones. Agriculture received special attention to help meet basic nutritional needs and ensure a minimal living standard to the population in the free part of the country, and also to assist the refugees who had left their houses in front of the enemy invasion, the
Romanian army and the Russian troops (who numbered about one million by early 1917).
54:
3116:
4630:
3762:
4451:
10939:
3908:
3568:
2789:
responded with a declaration of war on
Romania the next day (28 August). The dates of the Bulgarian and Ottoman declarations of war are disputed. Ian Beckett says that Bulgaria did not issue a declaration of war prior to its attack of 31 August. Other sources place the declaration on 30 August or 1 September. The Ottoman declaration took place either on 29 August, 30 August or 1 September. Within two days of her own declaration, according to one source, Romania found herself at war with all the Central Powers.
7977:
4479:
10918:
4499:
2793:
4275:
3959:(Army Group Prezan) were reshuffled inland, the Romanian Second Army, which had preserved its combat structures and force to a great extent, remained on the front in southern Moldavia, where, alongside Russian forces, it checked the enemy advance. The reorganization was initiated by King Ferdinand and the Romanian government. It was carried on under their leadership and control in the free national territory, in spite of Russian attempts to shift the Romanian army beyond the
11220:
11005:
10993:
10981:
10961:
903:
775:
550:
363:
4028:, which supervised the process and helped retrain Romanian troops. In early June 1917, the Romanian army's strength grew to about 700,000 men, organized in 207 infantry battalions plus 60 march battalions, 110 cavalry squadrons and 245 artillery batteries, divided among two armies and five corps. The results obtained in terms of re-organization and recovery impressed public opinion both at home and abroad and were to be confirmed in the great battles of the ensuing months.
4606:
4594:
3916:
4582:
4419:
4463:
3583:
949:
848:
808:
696:
685:
661:
649:
441:
430:
419:
408:
397:
386:
3513:, who was to enter the consciousness of all Romanians as the "Heroine of the Jiu". The operation for the defense of the Carpathians holds a prominent place in Romanian military history not only because it was one of the most difficult operations waged by the Romanian army until then, but also because it was one of the most important as regards the complexity of the actions carried on and the highly valuable lessons derived from their evolution.
11120:
10803:
7882:
186:
2807:
2909:
3453:, in the north of the country, retreated without much pressure from the Austro-Hungarian troops, so that by 25 October the Romanian army was back to its initial positions. The Central Powers succeeded in taking the strategic initiative in Transylvania by concentrating significant military forces rapidly brought in from the other theatres of operations in Europe and exploiting a quick shift of Romanian units to the battlefront in Dobruja.
11166:
214:
11340:
4205:
3054:
966:
857:
817:
596:
4093:
2861:
resources of a country which had scarcely one twentieth of the population of the two great states. Judging by the military situation, it was to be expected that
Rumania had only to advance where she wished to decide the world war in favor of those Powers which had been hurling themselves at us in vain for years. Thus everything seemed to depend on whether Rumania was ready to make any sort of use of her momentary advantage.
11191:
707:
673:
637:
621:
609:
475:
463:
452:
239:
227:
4197:
the
Romanian Command completely took over the command of the battle from the Russians. The confrontation reached its climax on 19 August, with the result that enemy's attempts to advance were completely thwarted. The third stage (20 August – 3 September) actually saw the last German attempt at least to improve their positions in view of a new offensive, this one also confounded by the Romanian response.
2757:
3551:, which included the 6th and 7th cavalry divisions. The German reserves consisted of the 115th infantry division and two brigades of cyclists. The total manpower of the Army Group amounted to 80,000 troops with 30,000 horses. The Romanian forces could not withstand the new German attack which started on 1 November 1916. The Romanians retreated and on 21 November 1916 the German cavalry entered
4321:
purposes and blocked any shipments intended for civilians back in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The result was that the officers lived well, as the civilians began to starve. Vienna even transferred training units to Serbia and Poland for the sole purpose of feeding them. In all, the Army obtained about 15 percent of its cereal needs from occupied territories.
2925:
whom up to 150,000 were killed in action. Approximately 16% of the pre-war Austro-Hungarian population consisted of ethnic
Romanians. Although most Transylvanian Romanians were loyal to the Empire, over time, their loyalty faded as the war progressed, especially after Romania joined the war. According to studies made by the army of the
3948:. The political life in unoccupied territory adopted a fundamental goal to achieve national consensus to find the means to conclude a successful liberation war. Within this framework, debates on some laws envisaging structural transformations (primarily the agrarian reform to re-allocate land to peasants and the introduction of
4138:
planned for the Focșani-Nămoloasa region. After the Mărăști operation had been discontinued, the
Central Powers tried to implement their offensive plan in the summer of 1917. They pursued to encircle and smash the Romanian and Russian forces through a blow dealt to the northwest in the direction of Focșani, Mărășești and
4134:. This marked the end of the Battle of Mărăști. It inflicted important losses upon the Austro-Hungarians and Germans, who relinquished a 35 km-wide and 20 km-deep area and sustained heavy casualties and losses in combat resources. The offensive potential of the Romanian army was confirmed through this victory.
2956:, where with Russian support the Romanian army managed to defeat an offensive by the Central Powers and even take back some territory. Romanian ethnics serving in the Austro-Hungarian forces were informed by the Allied aviation by launching leaflets on their positions, on the creation and existence of the
4574:
did not meet the expectation of
Romania's "guaranteed security" from Bulgaria. This proved to be a critical strain on Romania's ability to wage a successful offensive in Transylvania, as it needed to divert troops south to the defense of Dobruja. Furthermore, Russian reinforcements in Romania did not
4129:
decided unilaterally to stall any offensive as a result of the grave situation created on the front in Galicia and Bukovina following the failure of the Kerensky Offensive and the counter-attack of the Central Powers, the Romanian General Headquarters saw itself compelled to discontinue the offensive
4051:
Aware of the complex strategic situation, the Romanian Command lent its military policy a clear, realistic orientation of committing the entire population to battle, trying to act efficiently in keeping with the national goals and in harmony with the large-scale operations worked out at the coalition
4042:
capsized in rough seas off the mouth of the Danube with the loss of 18 of her crew, including 3 French naval officers present on board. This incident has been incorrectly attributed to Ottoman mines in several English language sources, possibly as a result of wartime propaganda by the Central Powers.
3894:
Romania entered the war at a time of strong crisis for the Entente, drawing upon itself numerous enemy forces, fighting on a very long battlefront and having to change its initial campaign plan permanently. But in spite of the human, material and military efforts made by the Central Powers throughout
3146:
For us the mountains and plains of Bukowina, where Stephen the Great has slept for centuries. In our moral energy and our valour lie the means of giving him back his birthright of a great and free Rumania from the Tisza to the Black Sea, and to prosper in peace in accordance with our customs and our
4196:
had three distinct stages. During the first stage (6–12 August), the troops of the Romanian First Army, together with Russian forces, managed to arrest the enemy advance and forced the Germans to change the direction of their attack toward the northwest gradually. In the second stage (13–19 August),
3970:
The re-organization also involved the other troops (combat engineers, air force, navy) and services, which underwent notable improvements. The directions, organization and methodology of the training of the command staff and the troops were considerably improved and special training centers were set
3825:
river, which had originally been fortified against the Russians and was facing the wrong direction, but nevertheless would end up proving invaluable, protected as it was by the impassable Danube Delta to the southeast and a flank in the Carpathians in the northwest. Fierce fighting took place in the
3791:
to lead it. The plan envisaged the checking of the advance of the German Ninth Army from the north and north-west, as well as the encirclement and annihilation of the German-Bulgarian-Turkish units deployed south-east of Bucharest. It was a bold undertaking, using the entire reserves of the Romanian
3778:
On 23 November, Mackensen's best troops crossed the Danube at two locations near Svishtov. This attack caught the Romanians by surprise and Mackensen's army was able to advance rapidly towards Bucharest against very weak resistance. Mackensen's attack threatened to cut off half the Romanian army. In
3237:
were reached. In areas populated with Romanians, the Romanian troops were warmly welcomed, and the locals provided them considerable assistance in terms of provisions, billeting and guiding. However, the rapid Romanian advance alarmed the Central Powers, and within weeks sizable reinforcements began
3153:
Animated by the holy duty imposed upon us, and determined to bear manfully all the sacrifices inseparable from an arduous war, we will march into battle with the irresistible élan of a people firmly confident in its destiny. The glorious fruits of victory shall be our reward. Forward, with the help
2703:
In return for entering the war on Allied side, Romania demanded support for its territorial claims to parts of Hungarian Transylvania, and especially those parts with a Romanian-speaking majority. The Romanians' greatest concerns in negotiations were the avoidance of a conflict that would have to be
4565:
We had beaten the Rumanian Army; to annihilate it had proved impossible. We had done all that was possible, but found ourselves obliged to leave forces in the Dobrudja and Wallachia which we had been able to use on the Eastern and Western fronts and in Macedonia before Rumania came into the war. In
4320:
Whereas the German army realized it needed close cooperation from the homefront, Habsburg officers saw themselves as entirely separate from the civilian world, and superior to it. When they occupied productive areas, such as southern Romania, they seized food stocks and other supplies for their own
4137:
The salient created by the Romanian troops in the enemy lines at the junction between the Austro-Hungarian First Army and the German Ninth Army made the High Command of the Central Powers bring forces from other sectors on the Moldavian front and change the main direction of the offensive initially
4076:
In early July 1917, on the Romanian front, one of the largest concentrations of combat forces and war material assembled during World War I: nine armies, 80 infantry divisions with 974 battalions, 19 cavalry divisions with 550 squadrons and 923 artillery batteries, whose effectives amounted to some
4072:
Armies had to precede those of the Romanian First Army. The German High Command, which had moved the center of gravity of its military operations to the Eastern Front in hopes of winning a victory there through the defeat of Romania and the conclusion of a peace with Russia, decided in June 1917 to
3939:
alignment in cooperation with Russian military forces, Romania embarked on the reconstruction and strengthening of its combat capability during the first half of 1917 through multiple national efforts under highly complex international circumstances. Considerable measures were taken in all economic
3069:
Diplomatic and political efforts to establish the Legion started in early July 1916. These efforts gained notable consistency in Italy after the "Congress of the Oppressed Nations in Austria-Hungary" was held in April 1918 in Rome, at a time when Italy became interested in further efforts to hasten
2924:
The ethnic Romanians in Austria-Hungary entered the war from the very beginning, with hundreds of thousands of Transylvanian and Bukovinian Romanians being mobilized throughout the war; between 1914 and 1918, an estimated 400,000 to 600,000 ethnic Romanians served with the Austro-Hungarian army, of
2860:
It is certain that so relatively small a state as Rumania had never before been given a role so important, and, indeed, so decisive for the history of the world at so favorable a moment. Never before had two great Powers like Germany and Austria found themselves so much at the mercy of the military
2748:
the same year, would have provided better chance for victory. According to some American military historians, Russia delayed approval of Romanian demands out of worries about Romanian territorial designs on Bessarabia, claimed by nationalist circles as a Romanian land. According to British military
2699:
Romania remained neutral when the war started, arguing that Austria-Hungary itself had started the war and, consequently, Romania was under no formal obligation to join it. At the same time, Germany started encouraging Austria-Hungary to make territorial concessions to Romania and Italy in order to
4832:
Bodart, Gaston: "Erforschung der Menschenverluste Österreich-Ungarns im Weltkriege 1914–1918", Austrian State Archive, War Archive Vienna, Manuscripts, History of the First World War, in general, A 91. Reports that 2% of Austro-Hungarian killed/wounded were incurred on the Eastern Front (including
4124:
in the Mărăști area. The next day, pursuing the offensive, the Romanian troops forced the enemy into an ever more disorderly retreat. This created favorable conditions for a deep penetration into the defensive disposition and the annihilation of the enemy group. However, under the circumstances in
3680:
Mountain Company in the capture of Mount Lescului. The offensive pushed the Romanian defenders back through the mountains and into the plains by 26 November. There was already snow covering the mountains and soon operations would have to halt for the winter. Advances by other parts of Falkenhayn's
2933:
of the same empire can compete with them for the last place in a ranking according to devotion to the state, per 100 soldiers. Also, in the first 3 years of fighting, out of about 300,000 Austro-Hungarian deserters, 150,000 were ethnic Romanians. Desertion and the transition to the enemy increased
4115:
in the sector of the Romanian Second and Russian Fourth Armies. Initiated by surprise with three divisions, the offensive succeeded in disrupting the well-organized enemy defenses and compelling the Austro-Hungarians and Germans to retreat. By the evening, the Romanian divisions had conquered the
3926:
In 1917, when both belligerent sides were making huge efforts to win the final victory, for Romania it was vitally important for Romanians to expel the occupying forces, since the existence of the Romanian state depended on it. After the Romanian troops had managed to bring the enemy to a halt at
4200:
Starting on 8 August 1917, the fighting on the Mărășești front combined with an Austro-Hungarian-German offensive at Oituz. Holding out against superior enemy forces, the Romanian troops by 30 August stemmed the advance of the Gerok Group. The definitive cessation of the general offensive on the
3061:
Although the first Romanian Transylvanian prisoners in Italy were documented as early as June 1915, it was not until 1916 that the percentage of Romanian prisoners of war from Austro-Hungarian troops became significant, and they were mainly concentrated in northern Italy. Along with prisoners of
3803:
rivers. Initially, the Romanians experienced success, taking a large number of prisoners, however Mackensen was able to shift forces to deal with the sudden assault and Falkenhayn's forces responded with attacks at every point. Faced with the overwhelming superiority of the invading forces, the
3073:
Following requests for enlistment to fight against Austria-Hungary, the Romanian volunteers were incorporated in July 1918 into the Italian Royal Army, to be enlisted in October of the same year in a large national unit. Between July and October 1918, three companies were formed, named "Horea",
4549:
Contemporary history is rarely just to failure. Only when the mists have cleared and the main issues have been decided can the belligerents afford to weigh each section of a campaign in a just scale. Rumania's entry into the war had awakened baseless hopes among her Allies; her unsuccess – her
3065:
Particularly in the province of L'Aquila, where a strong earthquake destroyed the roads and civil structures on January 13, 1915, the need for manpower led to the establishment in Avezzano of a camp with 15,000 prisoners. Over time, the component represented by prisoners of Romanian origin has
2729:
no later than August 1916, that Russia would send troops into Dobruja, and that the Romanian army would not be subordinated to Russian command. The Allies were to send 300 tons of provisions on a daily basis. According to the Romanian account, most of these clauses, with the exception of those
3978:
Considerable progress was achieved with the technical-material equipment of the army by means of its provisioning with armament, ammunition and other combat resources from inside the country, but even more importantly from abroad. The Allies supported the maintenance of the Romanian front by
2788:
The Romanian government signed a treaty with the Allies (France, Britain, Italy, and Russia) on 17 August 1916 that pledged to declare war on Austria-Hungary by 28 August. The Romanian ambassador in Vienna actually transmitted the declaration of war on 27 August. Germany, caught by surprise,
4201:
Romanian front by the Central Powers on 3 September 1917 marked a strategic defeat and a considerable weakening of their forces on the South-Eastern front. The response of the Romanian army in fact created the strongest blow to the Central Powers that was dealt in Eastern Europe in 1917.
3392:
14 kilometer-wide and 4 kilometer-deep. On the next day, this area was expanded, with 8 Bulgarian settlements ending up in Romanian hands. However, due to the deteriorating situation in Transylvania, the offensive was cancelled on 3 October. The Austro-Hungarian river monitors
3464:
In October 1916, the Romanian army mounted a wide-scale operation, the main target of which was the defense of the mountain passes in the Southern and Eastern Carpathians against the ever-stronger pressure of the German and Austro-Hungarian forces. Grim fights erupted in the
4833:
10,594 out of 521,146 fatalities). While the casualty records are incomplete (Bodart on the same page estimates the missing war losses and gets a total figure of 1,213,368 deaths rather than 521,146), the proportions are accurate. Two percent of Austro-Hungarian casualties
4158:). Pursuing the offensive, the German troops aimed at occupying the whole of Moldavia, thereby knocking Romania out of the war, and, together with an in-depth penetration of the Austro-Hungarian troops on the front in Bukovina, to push the Russian forces eastwards, beyond
3444:
passes. The latter, however, had been occupied by Bavarian mountain troops in a flanking movement, and the Battle of Turnu Roșu Pass ended with the Romanians retaking the pass at a cost of 3,000 men. On 17 October the Romanian Second Army attacked the Austro-Hungarians at
3142:
It is the day of the union of all branches of our nation. Today we are able to complete the task of our forefathers and to establish forever that which Michael the Great was only able to establish for a moment, namely, a Romanian union on both slopes of the Carpathians.
2712:
and one in Transylvania) and written guarantees of Romanian territorial gains after the war. They demanded an agreement not to make a separate peace with the Central Powers, equal status at the future peace conference, Russian military assistance against Bulgaria, an
8186:
3250:. The Austro-Hungarians also sent four divisions to reinforce their lines, and by the middle of September, the Romanian offensive was halted. A separate Romanian offensive, carried out by the 1st Infantry Division, was much more limited in its aims and it succeeded:
3883:, managed to prevent the Central Powers from advancing into the Danube Delta, keeping it under Romanian control until the end of the war. Fighting also ceased in the Carpathian passes, also owing to unfavorable weather. Mackensen's troops were able to capture
4019:
arrived from Western Europe. In parallel, efforts were made to meet the food and health care needs and special heed was paid to strengthening the soldiers' morale. A notable contribution to the reconstruction of the Romanian army was made by the 1,600-strong
2560:
from Bulgaria in the south. Despite initial successes in Transylvania, after German divisions started aiding Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria, the Romanian forces (aided by Russia) suffered massive setbacks, and by the end of 1916 out of the territory of the
2199:
3792:
army, but it needed the cooperation of Russian divisions to contain Mackensen's offensive while the Romanian reserve struck the gap between Mackensen and Falkenhayn. However, the Russian army would not endorse the plan and did not support the attack.
10768:
3707:) shot down into the sea one of the seaplanes, killing the commander of the German squadron. This reduced the German seaplane force at Constanța by a quarter, which only consisted of four aircraft in November 1916. The shot down seaplane was of the
3473:
was one of the major aims pursued by the Central Powers. Given their dramatic character, the clashes for the Predeal town and railway station were frequently compared with the heaviest fights on the Western Front. Similar fights took place in the
3138:
It has brought the day which has been awaited for centuries by the national conscience, by the founders of the Romanian State, by those who united the principalities in the war of independence, by those responsible for the national renaissance.
2691:
that stipulated Romania's obligation to go to war only if Austria-Hungary was attacked. While Carol wanted to enter World War I as an ally of the Central Powers, the Romanian public and the political parties were in favor of joining the
2785:, and Thomson signed a Military Convention with Romania on 13 August 1916. Within a few months, he had to alleviate the consequences of Romania's setbacks and supervise the destruction of the Romanian oil wells to deny them to Germany.
2934:
significantly in frequency on the Western Front in the last 2 years of the war, significantly affecting Austro-Hungarian military units in their structure and firepower. This has sometimes resulted in failures of entire front sectors.
3362:
arrived to halt Mackensen's army before it cut the rail line that linked Constanța with Bucharest. Fighting was furious, with attacks and counterattacks until 23 September. The Central Powers suffered a tactical defeat in the
4089:, represented a turning point in the war on the Eastern front. These battles were fought approximately on the front alignment stabilized in early 1917, which the conflicting sides had thoroughly consolidated for half a year.
4554:'s counter-stroke on the Argesh were achievements of which any army might be proud. And the staunch valor of the Roman legionaries still lived in the heroic band who, under Anastasiu, cut their way from Orsova to the Aluta.
2235:
2780:
to bring Romania into the war. Once there, he quickly formed the view that an unprepared and ill-armed Romania facing a war on two fronts would be a liability, not an asset, to the Allies. This view was brushed aside by
3559:
while the cavalry tried to slow the German advance in order to give it time to organize a defensive line along the Olt. Although the Romanian army made attempts to stop the advance of the German forces, such as in the
6456:"Soldați ai României Mari. Din prizonieratul rusesc în Corpul Voluntarilor transilvăneni și bucovineni [Soldiers of Greater Romania; from Russian captivity to the Transylvanian and Bucovina Volunteer Corps]"
4130:
throughout the entire territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Black Sea. In the Mărăști zone, however, the Romanian units continued the offensive until 30 July upon the request of their commander, General
3943:
With a view to achieving the unity of action of internal political forces that was indispensable to safeguarding the nation's interests, a government of national union was set up in Iași on 24 December 1916, led by
4434:
3539:. This Army Group included the 11th and 301st Bavarian infantry divisions, which had previously fought the Romanians on the Jiu, the 41st Prussian and the 109th infantry divisions which were transferred from the
8437:
3812:
Cavalry Regiment was almost wiped out), the Battle of the Argeș ended unfavourably for the Romanian army. Within three days, the attack had been shattered and the Romanians were retreating everywhere. Bucharest
4316:
and by the end of the war had pumped a million tons of oil. They also requisitioned two million tons of grain from Romanian farmers. These materials were vital in keeping Germany in the war to the end of 1918.
3804:
Romanian army, its ranks thinned from the previous actions, inferior in equipment and lacking Russian support, failed to check the enemy advance. Although it recorded numerous daring actions (among these the
2278:
2824:
was quite large, with over 650,000 men in 23 divisions, but it suffered from poor training and equipment, particularly when compared to its German counterparts. Meanwhile, the German Chief of Staff, General
1808:
11331:
7848:
3842:, and southern Moldavia, was now in the hands of the Central Powers. While retreating, the Romanians burnt stores of grain and destroyed oil wells to prevent them from being used by the Germans.
10763:
8090:
2884:. Grenades were also manufactured, with three factories producing 1.5 tons of explosives daily. The 332 gun carriages were produced in order to convert Romania's 53 mm and 57 mm
11326:
4534:. Despite this the Germans represented only 22% of the Central Power's forces that took part in the campaign compared to the Austro-Hungarian 46% and combined Bulgarian and Ottoman 32%.
7952:
2436:
favored Germany, while the nation's political elite favored the Entente. As such, the crown council decided to remain neutral. But after King Carol's death in 1914, his successor King
2422:
from 10 December 1917 to 7 May 1918, a non-combatant country between 7 May 1918 and 10 November 1918, and finally a belligerent country in the Entente between 10 and 11 November 1918.
3826:
Battle of Râmnicu Sărat between 22 and 26 December, with Mackensen's forces entering the town on 27 December. Around this time, the Russians began sending numerous reinforcements to
8169:
4617:
4064:. The decisive effort was to be made by the Romanian First Army. In order to increase the effect of the offensive and draw as many enemy troops as possible northwest of the town of
1441:
1155:
3501:. There, the Germans had massed large forces to beat their way south of the mountains. Faced with the enemy threat, the troops of the Romanian First Army, under command of General
10753:
9994:
8134:
2194:
4450:
2506:. Under the pressure of the ultimatum, the Romanian government agreed to enter the war on the side of the Entente, although the situation on the battle fronts was not favorable.
10009:
10193:
8429:
4359:
that knocked Bulgaria out of World War I in the autumn of 1918, Romania re-entered the war, again on the side of the Allies, on 10 November 1918. This happened the day before
1343:
4231:
struck a Romanian mine and sank near Brăila, the explosion killing the chief of staff of the Austro-Hungarian Danube Flotilla and a telegraphist and wounding 8 more sailors.
11512:
1664:
11507:
11482:
2468:, and Russia promised modern munitions. The Allies promised at least 200,000 soldiers to defend Romania against Bulgaria to the south, and help it invade Austria-Hungary.
2346:
1754:
4242:. These events effectively ended Russian involvement in the war and left Romania isolated and surrounded by the Central Powers. It had little choice but to negotiate the
3384:, but missed. The Romanian warship counterattacked, damaging the submarine's periscope and conning tower and forcing her to retreat. On 1 October, two Romanian divisions
1256:
11289:
8179:
4170:
were expected to leave their positions to reinforce the front in the north of Moldavia and be replaced by the divisions of the Romanian First Army (commanded by General
3711:
type, as these were the only German naval bombers on the Romanian front. In total, from 1916 to 1918, German seaplanes serving on the Romanian front were of four types:
2273:
6358:"Volantini di guerra: la lingua romena in Italia nella propaganda del primo conflitto mondiale [War leaflets: the Romanian language in Italy in WWI propaganda]"
2027:
3062:
other nationalities of Austria-Hungary, scattered throughout Italy, they contributed to a better understanding of the ethnic situation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
2218:
1559:
1333:
2187:
1569:
11472:
10091:
3733:
was sent on a minelaying mission off Sulina and never returned, being sunk by her own mines. This was probably caused by an encounter with the Romanian torpedo boat
2290:
1910:
7878:
4812:
3340:
On 15 September the Romanian War Council decided to suspend the Transylvania offensive and concentrate on the Mackensen army group instead. The plan (the so-called
3297:. At the same time, the Bulgarian Third Army with the 75th Turkish regiment, arrived on the last day of the battle, defeated a Romanian-Russian force including the
3246:
were at their height around this time and tied down significant German forces. Nevertheless, eight divisions and an Alpine Corps were deployed under the command of
2211:
9728:
8899:
8287:
7089:
2242:
2022:
1495:
491:
3425:(recently replaced as German Chief of Staff), who started his own counterattack on 18 September. The first attack was on the Romanian First Army near the town of
2414:
From the point of view of its belligerent status, Romania was a neutral country between 28 July 1914 and 27 August 1916, a belligerent country on the part of the
10170:
1564:
1261:
1042:
1353:
10198:
8712:
1949:
1698:
4498:
2744:
attributes the late decision to Romania's historical hostility towards the Russian Empire and purports that an earlier entry into the war, perhaps before the
10386:
10113:
9805:
8770:
8248:
3045:
and became the first Romanian war photographer. In total, up to 150,000 Romanians were killed in action while fighting as part of the Austro-Hungarian Army.
2717:
offensive in the direction of Bulgaria, and the regular shipment of Allied war supplies. The military convention they signed with the Allies stipulated that
2285:
2206:
2182:
2010:
1581:
1434:
1294:
1348:
10493:
8447:
4312:
became the new German-sponsored prime minister. King Ferdinand, however, refused to sign the treaty. The Germans were able to repair the oil fields around
4060:
sector with a view to completely pin down all enemy forces there, annihilate the main enemy groups operating there (the German Ninth Army) and support the
3135:
The war which for the last two years has been encircling our frontiers more and more closely has shaken the ancient foundations of Europe to their depths.
2358:
2090:
2073:
1998:
1881:
3868:, but suffered heavy casualties to Romanian defenders on the northern bank and stopped. The Romanian Land Forces, supported by the Danube Division of the
3639:. The Russian Army was now both demoralized and nearly out of supplies. Mackensen felt free to secretly pull a large number of troops back to the town of
1338:
10401:
10156:
5269:
4478:
2890:
fortress guns into field artillery. Some of the 57 mm guns were converted into anti-aircraft guns using a carriage designed by the Romanian General
2487:
linked to the secret treaty of alliance since 1883. However, both Italy and Romania refused to honor the treaty on the grounds that it was not a case of
1490:
6474:Șerban, Ioan I (1997). "Din activitatea desfășurată în Vechiul Regat de voluntarii și refugiații ardeleni și bucovineni în slujba idealului național ".
2247:
1574:
11477:
10396:
10086:
10037:
9952:
7119:
7024:
2465:
2254:
1927:
1886:
1693:
11492:
10628:
10240:
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camp. Out of a total of 60,000 prisoners of war of Romanian origin, 36,712 soldiers and 525 officers requested to join the Romanian Legion in Italy (
2170:
1520:
1485:
4215:
As a result of these operations, the remaining Romanian territories remained unoccupied. Nearly 1,000,000 Central Powers troops were tied down, and
3685:
also pushed through the mountains; the Romanian army was being ground down by the constant battle and their supply situation was becoming critical.
11497:
11307:
8263:
7114:
2230:
1891:
1427:
4077:
800,000 men, with about one million in their immediate reserve. The three great battles, decisive for the Romanian nation's destiny, delivered at
10081:
9446:
7236:
6984:
6771:
5151:
4192:
For 29 days, until 3 September, this sector was the scene of the most important battle fought by the Romanian army during the 1917 campaign. The
3748:, whose systems most likely malfunctioned after being forced to submerge in the shallow waters, upon encountering the Romanian torpedo boat. Her
1732:
11487:
4868:Симеонов, Радослав, Величка Михайлова и Донка Василева. Добричката епопея. Историко-библиографски справочник, Добрич 2006, с. 181 (in Bulgarian
4052:
level. Its final form ready in late May 1917, the operations plan for the Romanian front called for the mounting of a general offensive in the
4021:
1627:
733:
8877:
3899:. Therefore, the Kingdom of Romania continued to exercise the attributes of an independent and sovereign state, allied to the Entente powers.
8939:
6959:
2341:
6186:
4404:
The Romanian occupation of Transylvania was widely resented by Hungarians. The Hungarian–Romanian War ended with the Romanian army entering
10141:
10071:
9710:
8929:
8840:
8119:
7014:
4418:
4291:
2148:
1392:
1076:
3305:, despite the almost double superiority of the Entente. The Romanian Third Army made further attempts to withstand the enemy offensive at
2259:
10165:
9063:
8517:
8403:
3821:
was appointed as the "military governor" of the occupied territories of Romania. The Romanian Second Army made a fighting retreat to the
2810:
2457:
1035:
2829:, had correctly reasoned that Romania would side with the Allies, and had made plans accordingly. Thanks to the earlier conquest of the
2753:, before Romania entered the war, the Allies had secretly agreed not to honour the territorial expansion of Romania when the war ended.
2537:, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. Fighting took place from August 1916 to December 1917 across most of present-day Romania, including
10778:
8740:
6826:
5833:
2871:
17:
5630:
General Stefan Toshev 1921 “The activity of the 3rd Army in Dobrudja in 1916”, p. 68; Действията на III армия в Добруджа 1916, стр. 68
9070:
3281:
front after the initial battles. This army attacked north from Bulgaria, starting on 1 September. It stayed on the south side of the
4734:Министерство на войната, Щаб на войската, Българската армия в Световната война 1915–1918, Vol. VIII, Държавна печатница, Sofia, 1939
4702:
4073:
mount a wide-scope offensive in the north and south of Moldavia, to which end it brought over reinforcements from the other fronts.
4008:
3955:
The Romanian army's reconstruction involved both re-organization and modernization. While the forces that had taken part in the big
11517:
8722:
7152:
3506:
10391:
11467:
10773:
10323:
10161:
10148:
10105:
10014:
9740:
9549:
9456:
9358:
9116:
8763:
8373:
8124:
7797:
4299:
3700:, the last Romanian-held sea port. On 7 November, Romanian anti-aircraft defenses at Sulina (including the old protected cruiser
2317:
1474:
1409:
3740:, whose captain surprised a German submarine near Sulina in November 1916, the latter reportedly never returning to her base at
10515:
10505:
10373:
8191:
2773:
1028:
130:
5745:
4570:
The failure of the Romanian front for the Entente was also the result of several factors beyond Romania's control. The failed
1321:
10621:
10287:
10221:
10058:
9937:
9610:
8636:
8492:
8174:
7942:
7870:
7271:
6994:
6933:
6577:
6430:
6411:
6220:
5021:
4921:
4646:
4605:
4593:
2894:. The Romanian army badly lacked arms and ammunitions during the war, due to the industrial underdevelopment of the country.
2777:
1468:
6588:
5689:
10462:
9882:
8674:
7504:
7448:
7044:
3509:, the town was defended by its inhabitants, men, women and children, young and old. There, a conspicuous figure was cut by
2373:
4809:
4581:
3086:). Of the officers, one was a colonel, 5 were majors, 32 captains, 97 lieutenants, 294 sublieutenants, and 96 applicants.
11219:
11125:
11004:
10992:
10980:
10960:
10808:
10233:
9192:
8697:
8307:
7436:
7384:
7293:
6801:
6764:
5639:Симеонов, Радослав, Величка Михайлова и Донка Василева. Добричката епопея. Историко-библиографски справочник, Добрич 2006
3635:, the defense of the unoccupied Dobruja was left only to the Russians, who were gradually pushed back towards the marshy
2917:
1717:
1593:
902:
774:
549:
362:
191:
10447:
4629:
10758:
10432:
9722:
9131:
8889:
8351:
8228:
7463:
6556:
4375:
4334:
3647:
3531:, the German army regrouped on 29 October 1916. The German High Command created the Army Group Kühne, headquartered in
3238:
arriving at the scene. The Entente incorrectly assumed that Germany would be unable to respond to the invasion, as the
2957:
2941:
2903:
2499:, as stipulated in the treaty of alliance. In August 1916, Romania received an ultimatum to decide whether to join the
1749:
1744:
1515:
1219:
976:
866:
625:
4756:
3623:
launched a new offensive on 19 October, after a month of careful preparations, and achieved a decisive victory in the
10307:
10001:
9817:
9096:
8567:
7569:
7544:
7079:
6621:
6598:
5847:
5311:
5277:
5096:
4988:
4949:
4035:
was sunk by German shore artillery, three sailors were killed. On 16 April, Easter Monday, the Romanian torpedo boat
2588:, Romania, almost completely surrounded by the Central Powers, was also forced to drop out of the war. It signed the
1869:
1251:
4566:
spite of our victory over the Rumanian Army, we were definitely weaker as regards the conduct of the war as a whole.
3891:
line on 19 January failed. Thus, the front stabilized and allowed for the Romanian army to be refitted and rebuilt.
10614:
9559:
9494:
8532:
8218:
7534:
7353:
7221:
6836:
4744:Българската армия в Световната война 1915–1918, Millions of mouths died in Romania during the Great War. vol. VIII
4651:
4295:
3409:
and one coal barge were damaged by Romanian coastal batteries and one large barge loaded with explosives was sunk.
3298:
722:
576:
6672:
3952:) responded to popular demands of the citizenry and contributed to the morale of the soldiers in the front lines.
3456:
3367:
on 19 September, forcing them to halt their advance until mid-October. On 30 September, near the Romanian port of
2407:
in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the most significant oil fields in Europe, and
2302:
11502:
10720:
10558:
10363:
10343:
10130:
10066:
9889:
9758:
8669:
8589:
8527:
8141:
6938:
4224:
On 22 September, Romania achieved its greatest naval success of the war, when the Austro-Hungarian river monitor
3669:
3544:
3505:, offered strong resistance. The Romanian soldiers were supported everywhere by the civil population; during the
1283:
600:
9230:
3607:
2973:. Romanian troops fought on all European fronts of the Dual Monarchy, some of them being distinguished, such as
1770:
11079:
10739:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10338:
10032:
8684:
8659:
8557:
8223:
7529:
7308:
6903:
6898:
6757:
6483:Șerban, Ioan I (2000). "Constituirea celui de-al doilea corp al voluntarilor români din Rusia – august 1918 ".
4834:
4371:
4308:
with the Central Powers. It imposed harsh conditions on the country, but recognized its union with Bessarabia.
4163:
3655:
3494:
1611:
1239:
10909:
5546:
3860:
on 5 January 1917. Toward the end of the month, extreme frost gave the Bulgarians an opportunity to enter the
3217:, sinking one barge loaded with fuel and damaging the port's quay. Initially, the only opposing force was the
2632:
refused to sign it, hoping for an Allied victory on the western front. In October 1918, Romania renounced the
1111:
344:
11206:
10930:
10333:
10328:
10292:
10226:
10118:
9964:
9554:
9406:
8944:
8872:
8803:
8572:
8542:
8537:
8107:
7589:
7323:
7261:
7059:
7039:
6918:
5621:
Glenn E. Torrey, "The Battle of Turtucaia (Tutrakan) (2–6 September 1916): Romania's Grief, Bulgaria's Glory"
5184:
4899:"Military Casualties-World War-Estimated", Statistics Branch, GS, War Department, 25 February 1924; cited in
4462:
4360:
4193:
4117:
3034:
2637:
1374:
1214:
456:
3922:
53 mm gun removed from its turret and installed on a Romanian-built gun carriage (thus made an infantry gun)
1632:
1138:
1106:
10282:
9909:
9849:
9746:
9651:
9421:
9207:
8911:
8750:
8649:
8378:
8164:
7947:
7399:
7338:
7194:
7145:
7019:
6923:
6893:
6867:
6862:
6806:
5517:
Volantini di guerra: la lingua romena in Italia nella propaganda del primo conflitto mondiale, Damian, 2012
4181:
3350:, while the front-line Romanian and Russian forces were supposed to launch an offensive southwards towards
3332:
3218:
2968:
1177:
543:
4723:
3097:, Montello, Sisemolet, Piave, Cimone and Monte Grappa. After the end of the war, they participated in the
2876:
Between 1914 and 1916, 59 Romanian factories produced 400,000 artillery rounds, 70 million bullets, 1,500
2660:
1588:
11312:
10637:
10520:
9957:
9942:
9800:
9752:
9524:
9075:
8949:
8862:
8857:
8626:
8614:
8609:
7697:
7613:
7519:
7199:
7049:
6969:
6423:
Moldova: A Romanian Province Under Russian Rule: Diplomatic History from the Archives of the Great Powers
5038:
Moldova: A Romanian Province under Russian Rule. Diplomatic History from the Archives of the Great Powers
4121:
3980:
3548:
3449:, but the attack was repulsed and the counterattack forced the Romanians to retreat from there also. The
3090:
2709:
2514:
2295:
1852:
1605:
1599:
1451:
1091:
134:
41:
10884:
10784:
9136:
6569:
Romanians from Transylvania, Banat, Crișana, Sătmar and Maramureș in World War I. Investigation of ASTRA
4304:
On 7 May 1918, in light of the existing politico-military situation, Romania was forced to conclude the
4259:
1759:
1539:
1143:
11285:
10715:
10500:
10457:
9734:
9499:
9484:
9386:
9255:
8823:
8735:
8692:
8282:
8129:
7962:
7665:
7539:
7499:
7426:
7343:
7328:
7226:
7084:
7029:
6989:
6979:
6974:
6831:
6613:
4485:
4441:
4364:
4338:
4287:
4267:
4234:
The situation, however, once again took a turn for the worse for the Entente in November 1917 with the
3660:
3265:
While the Romanian Army was advancing in Transylvania, the first counterattack came from Field Marshal
3098:
3030:
2633:
2589:
2404:
2368:
1825:
1737:
1402:
1096:
532:
113:
4000:
3979:
continuing to deliver and supplement previously placed orders. 150,000 French 8 mm rifles, 1,760
3809:
3493:
Particular heed was paid to the actions carried on for the defense of the Carpathians' alignment, the
2929:, the dedication of the Romanian military to the interest of Austria-Hungary was reduced, only ethnic
1971:
1712:
1637:
1148:
11083:
10973:
10442:
10210:
9794:
9782:
9544:
9529:
9250:
9141:
8835:
8813:
8562:
8552:
8485:
8015:
7863:
7702:
7458:
7348:
7074:
6999:
6852:
6796:
5148:
4409:
4305:
4097:
4069:
3289:. Bulgarian troops (aided by the German-Bulgarian Detachment) surrounded and stormed the fortress of
3274:
3094:
2776:, a fluent speaker of French, was sent to Bucharest as British military attaché on the initiative of
2736:
2153:
1993:
1842:
1722:
1658:
1544:
677:
641:
629:
613:
565:
9396:
8102:
6347:
Cazacu, Gheorghe (2013). "Voluntarii români ardeleni din Rusia în timpul Primului Război Mondial ".
4456:
The extent of Romania's advance into Transylvania before the counteroffensive of the Central Powers.
4108:
4101:
3516:
1966:
1369:
11387:
11258:
10827:
10417:
9904:
9894:
9823:
9776:
9764:
9704:
9519:
9514:
9436:
8845:
8818:
8522:
8275:
8097:
8068:
7690:
7584:
7564:
7559:
7509:
7333:
7069:
6913:
6888:
5561:
5219:
3693:
3682:
3624:
3561:
2095:
2034:
2003:
1652:
1362:
1304:
1268:
1234:
1202:
1121:
1065:
521:
5527:
4522:
4378:
on 1 December 1918 by the National Assembly of Romanians of Transylvania and Hungary, gathered at
1642:
1480:
11362:
11347:
11277:
11254:
11250:
11103:
11095:
11075:
11051:
11035:
10705:
10488:
10480:
10422:
10182:
9877:
9640:
9474:
9469:
9401:
9260:
9245:
9240:
9220:
9101:
8978:
8317:
7660:
7630:
7409:
7389:
7256:
7138:
7097:
7093:
7009:
6811:
6179:
5303:
4025:
4016:
3749:
3385:
3364:
3342:
3176:
2684:
2534:
2472:
2363:
2268:
2061:
2015:
1835:
1820:
1622:
1197:
1165:
587:
11281:
9441:
4469:
4243:
1086:
108:
11009:
10997:
10255:
9979:
9914:
9770:
9504:
9431:
9381:
9366:
9348:
9321:
9235:
9202:
8828:
8808:
8512:
8201:
8073:
7991:
7645:
7489:
7414:
7004:
6964:
6954:
6816:
6749:
6357:
4489:
3716:
3651:
3191:
2974:
2796:
2688:
2629:
2556:) consisted in attacking Austria-Hungary in Transylvania, while defending Southern Dobruja and
2437:
2175:
1904:
1814:
1803:
1289:
1244:
1224:
1209:
1071:
390:
11031:
5297:
5011:
4972:
4935:
4444:, 10 days before Romania's entry to the war. The Entante's promises are highlighted in yellow.
3780:
3696:, the Central Powers set up a naval base which was used by German seaplanes for raids against
2852:
The German high command was seriously worried about the prospect of Romania entering the war,
2592:
with the Central Powers in May 1918. Under the terms of the treaty, Romania would lose all of
1676:
1326:
11367:
11302:
11224:
11154:
10985:
10845:
10245:
9899:
9788:
9564:
9534:
9464:
9411:
9333:
9301:
9275:
9225:
9156:
9058:
9011:
8795:
8664:
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8327:
8112:
7777:
7730:
7655:
7640:
7443:
7431:
7404:
7358:
7034:
6908:
6857:
5361:
Volantini di guerra: la lingua romena in Italia nella propaganda del primo conflitto mondiale
5263:
4309:
4263:
4155:
4012:
3869:
3712:
3708:
3270:
3172:
3120:
2760:
Sketch pleading for the entry of Romania into war against Austria-Hungary in order to create
2718:
2714:
2676:
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2449:
2415:
2396:
2327:
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2100:
2078:
1988:
1939:
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1705:
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1229:
834:
728:
689:
653:
554:
497:
276:
119:
10872:
8011:
6702:
3945:
3262:
region. The Romanian occupation of the area lasted for over two months, until mid-November.
2158:
1764:
11392:
11372:
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11148:
11099:
10595:
10510:
9197:
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8080:
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7453:
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7394:
7281:
7231:
6712:
5454:
Erlikman, Vadim (2004). Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik. Moscow. p. 51
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4531:
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1857:
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1727:
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1510:
1505:
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1132:
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700:
665:
479:
356:
332:
309:
297:
126:
9146:
8270:
5528:"Primary Documents – King Ferdinand's Proclamation to the Romanian People, 28 August 1916"
2452:
wanted Romania to join their side in order to cut rail communications between Germany and
1847:
1617:
1534:
1101:
8:
11262:
11242:
10577:
9716:
9580:
9539:
9416:
9376:
9371:
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8999:
8993:
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3996:
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3510:
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2853:
2577:
2122:
2085:
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1688:
1500:
1311:
1187:
1116:
744:
467:
378:
59:
10876:
10530:
6677:
Vinogradov, V. N. "Romania in the First World War: The Years of Neutrality, 1914–1916",
5250:
War and Society in East Central Europe: Essays on War and Society in East Central Europe
3779:
response, the Romanian Command prepared a counter-offensive known under the name of the
2891:
2307:
2138:
1387:
11442:
11412:
11397:
11357:
11246:
11181:
11171:
11144:
11063:
11039:
10947:
10905:
10819:
10537:
10452:
9811:
9675:
9657:
9622:
9586:
9426:
9391:
9343:
9328:
9215:
9166:
9005:
8964:
8644:
8419:
8021:
7823:
7816:
7717:
7707:
7594:
7477:
7298:
7241:
7186:
7176:
7165:
6737:
6733:
6650:
Torrey, Glenn E. "Romania in the First World War: The Years of Engagement, 1916–1918",
6498:
6236:
5829:
5714:
4656:
4235:
4131:
4061:
4004:
3949:
3302:
3243:
3115:
3038:
2745:
2648:. The next day, the Treaty of Bucharest was nullified by the terms of the Armistice of
2621:
2585:
2522:
2480:
2445:
2433:
2388:
2312:
2225:
2117:
2056:
1955:
1647:
1192:
999:
948:
847:
807:
739:
695:
684:
660:
648:
440:
429:
418:
412:
407:
396:
385:
219:
87:
53:
6706:
6455:
4221:
was prompted to describe the Romanian front as "The only point of light in the East".
3521:
3441:
11177:
11055:
10862:
10710:
10570:
10564:
10525:
10427:
10260:
9843:
9698:
9681:
9489:
9311:
9291:
9126:
9111:
9041:
9029:
8730:
8707:
8654:
8344:
8258:
8196:
8159:
7957:
7740:
7670:
7494:
6883:
6617:
6594:
6573:
6426:
6407:
6390:
6216:
5843:
5307:
5273:
5092:
5017:
4984:
4945:
4917:
4679:
4551:
4509:
4394:(Kolozsvár), on 22 December 1918, where they reaffirmed their allegiance to Hungary.
4342:
4239:
4175:
3788:
3761:
3310:
3181:
2834:
2830:
2143:
2039:
1922:
1793:
1781:
1528:
1316:
1299:
1015:
330,000–430,000 Romanian civilians dead from war-related causes between 1914 and 1918
984:
825:
717:
486:
423:
401:
321:
258:
138:
6534:
Jelavich, Barbara. "Romania in the First World War: The Pre-War Crisis, 1912–1914",
4401:(Article 259) to renounce the benefits provided by the Treaty of Bucharest in 1918.
3672:
was launched on 10 November. One of the young officers was the future Field Marshal
2448:, which had around 2.8 milion Romanians, among approximately 5 milion other people.
11427:
11417:
11352:
11136:
11059:
11027:
10691:
10659:
10655:
9628:
9598:
9592:
9509:
9338:
9306:
9296:
9035:
8959:
8954:
8882:
8702:
8602:
8332:
8005:
8001:
7832:
7792:
7782:
7745:
7725:
7625:
7318:
7313:
7064:
5839:
5132:
4571:
4558:
4356:
4352:
4036:
3907:
3734:
3378:
3251:
3006:
2994:
2838:
2814:
2641:
2566:
2542:
2484:
2110:
1788:
1682:
1397:
1182:
1172:
244:
10880:
6717:
6640:
Torrey, Glenn E. "The Rumanian Campaign of 1916: Its Impact on the Belligerents",
6281:
A History of the Great War: From the Battle of Verdun to the Third Battle of Ypres
5135:, 2006), 29, quoting German soldier Piete Kuhr's diary entry for 1 September 1916.
4539:
A History of the Great War: From the Battle of Verdun to the Third Battle of Ypres
3796:
3346:) was to attack the Central Powers forces from the rear by crossing the Danube at
3199:
1915:
10901:
10437:
10277:
9616:
9176:
9151:
8850:
8758:
8597:
8442:
8413:
8339:
7995:
7924:
7767:
7757:
7251:
6741:
5155:
4941:
4816:
4505:
4330:
4279:
3741:
3567:
2937:
2926:
2761:
2680:
2601:
2430:
2105:
1976:
1961:
1897:
1876:
1830:
1126:
920:
893:
765:
571:
538:
502:
351:
339:
327:
178:
4147:
4142:, conjugated with another blow that had to start from the mountains through the
3536:
3527:
After the Romanian troops were initially able to stop the German advance on the
3475:
3226:
11437:
11402:
11382:
11196:
10868:
10839:
10835:
10823:
10270:
10250:
9921:
9634:
9479:
9270:
9161:
9017:
8921:
8904:
7837:
6524:
6180:"Serbian and Habsburg Military institutional legacies in Yugoslavia after 1918"
5293:
4675:
4530:
The 1916 counteroffensive was mainly led by the German generals Falkenhayn and
4346:
4112:
3972:
3805:
3466:
3255:
3230:
3221:, which was steadily pushed back toward Hungary. In a short time, the towns of
3214:
3075:
2964:
2842:
2726:
2722:
2693:
2617:
2609:
2557:
2530:
2526:
2488:
2476:
2419:
2400:
1862:
1554:
965:
911:
856:
816:
792:
783:
595:
560:
373:
231:
204:
100:
10606:
7976:
6394:
3677:
11461:
11432:
11422:
11377:
11140:
11132:
10968:
10815:
10381:
9669:
9663:
9106:
9023:
8934:
8026:
7750:
6153:
Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945
4274:
4225:
4166:, started on 6 August 1917, when the units of the Russian Fourth Army on the
3932:
3873:
3701:
3620:
3587:
3572:
3502:
3347:
3089:
Only the three companies formed prior to October 1918 actually fought on the
3018:
2913:
2408:
931:
884:
758:
582:
527:
516:
367:
316:
304:
292:
165:
4151:
3293:. The Romanian garrison surrendered on 6 September at the conclusion of the
9831:
9265:
8408:
8322:
8063:
7735:
7551:
4764:
4412:. The Romanians departed back to the demarcation lines only in early 1920.
3936:
3861:
3724:
3673:
3636:
3483:
3187:
3110:
3022:
3021:. Other notable Romanians who fought in the Austro-Hungarian Army included
2881:
2846:
2792:
2645:
2553:
2541:, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time, as well as in
2538:
2492:
2441:
1160:
711:
445:
4057:
3915:
3689:
3632:
3628:
3532:
3479:
3429:; the attack halted the Romanian advance. Eight days later, German troops
3286:
2649:
10926:
10677:
10042:
9947:
9645:
9080:
8501:
8398:
8036:
8031:
7886:
7216:
6781:
6544:
6514:
6382:
4542:
4425:
4391:
4167:
4143:
4116:
first defenses, the strongest and deepest of the defensive system of the
3888:
3822:
3795:
On 1 December, the Romanian army went ahead with the offensive along the
3665:
3556:
3520:
Romanian prisoners of war passing by an Austro-Hungarian howitzer at the
3437:
3436:, and on 29 September, the outnumbered Romanians began retreating to the
3195:
2982:
2750:
2741:
2640:, Romania re-entered the war after the successful Allied advances on the
2518:
2426:
2418:
from 27 August 1916 to 9 December 1917, in a state of armistice with the
2392:
434:
45:
8249:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region
5248:
Béla K. Király, Gunther Erich Rothenberg, Brooklyn College Press, 1987,
4370:
On 28 November 1918, the Romanian representatives of Bukovina voted for
4313:
11407:
10831:
4724:
https://archive.org/stream/kingscompletehi00kinggoog#page/n260/mode/2up
4674:
Former prisoners also set up the Romanian Legion which served with the
4526:
Percentage of military deaths during World War I for the Entente Powers
4379:
3919:
3830:
to prevent an invasion of southern Russia. Southern Romania, including
3720:
3528:
3389:
3322:
3213:
attacked the Austro-Hungarian Danube Flotilla at the Bulgarian port of
3093:
until the armistice of November 3, 1918. Taking part in the battles of
2944:
who were repatriated to Romania in 1917. Many fought in the battles of
2886:
2613:
1983:
1944:
5835:
Arms and the Man: Military History Essays in Honor of Dennis Showalter
5443:
Voluntarii români ardeleni din Rusia în timpul Primului Război Mondial
4390:(Medgyes). A similar gathering was held by the minority Hungarians in
4078:
4065:
4053:
3884:
3582:
2945:
2573:
9837:
9604:
7685:
6821:
5112:
4217:
3992:
3498:
3413:
took 12 hits and was disabled for the rest of the Romanian Campaign.
3355:
3318:
3124:
2998:
2908:
2806:
2782:
2068:
11339:
6567:
5680:, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, 1987, pp. 681–682
5091:
by Sir Peter G. Masefield, pp. 16–17 (1982, William Kimber, London)
4888:
Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
4387:
4204:
3857:
3446:
3222:
3053:
2756:
1020:
10097:
7130:
6707:
1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
5547:"Romania's Entry into the First World War: The Problem of Strategy"
5129:
Stolen Voices: Young People's War Diaries, From World War I to Iraq
4405:
3988:
3960:
3835:
3827:
3754:
3729:
3640:
3576:
3373:
3326:
3306:
3290:
3278:
3079:
3010:
2930:
2597:
2546:
6630:
Torrey, Glenn E. "The Entente and the Rumanian Campaign of 1916",
5915:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania,
4575:
materialize to the number of 200,000 soldiers initially demanded.
4092:
3853:
3631:(occupied by the Central Powers on 22 October). After the fall of
3487:
3460:
Romanian troops repelling an Austro-Hungarian attack, October 1916
3426:
2440:
favored the Entente. For Romania, the highest priority was taking
10769:
Military convention between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria
8312:
7881:
7161:
6713:
Video with the redrawing of the borders after the First World War
6502:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
5702:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
5589:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
5224:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
4848:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
4798:
Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania
4545:
provides a comprehensive analysis of the Romanian 1916 Campaign:
3964:
3839:
3831:
3800:
3619:
Back on the coast, Field Marshal Mackensen and Bulgarian General
3552:
3470:
3351:
3314:
2705:
2665:
2625:
2605:
2593:
10754:
Negotiations of Bulgaria with the Central Powers and the Entente
6779:
5432:
Keith Hitchins, Clarendon Press, 1994, Rumania 1866–1947, p. 269
4722:. History Associates, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1922. p. 254.
3975:, the assimilation of new military technology and night combat.
3896:
1419:
6610:
The Russian Army in the Great War: The Eastern Front, 1914–1917
5666:
Amintiri despre o flota pierduta – vol. II – Voiaje neterminate
4903:, published by Britannica Educational Publishing (2010), p. 219
4159:
4126:
3880:
3865:
3697:
3368:
3282:
3269:
in command of a multi-national force composed of the Bulgarian
2986:
2569:
remained under the control of the Romanian and Russian armies.
2453:
8470:
5209:
trans. F.A. Holt (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1927), 243.
10265:
7211:
5265:
Recent Themes in Military History: Historians in Conversation
4561:
summarized the end of the 1916 Romanian campaign as follows:
4139:
4086:
3433:
3416:
3259:
3234:
3048:
2953:
2581:
8271:
Recovery attempt of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Hertsa
6213:
Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria–Hungary at War, 1914–1918
4282:
in Bucharest marks Romania's victory in the First World War.
3849:
was sunk on the Danube by a mine and one sailor was killed.
3627:. The Romanians and Russians were forced to withdraw out of
3041:, a private in the Austro-Hungarian Army, reached as far as
3037:, who also wrote valuable memoirs about his war experience.
5748:[German Seaplanes in Dobruja (1916–1918) / PHOTO].
3643:
in Bulgaria with an eye towards crossing the Danube river.
3540:
3119:
A demonstration in favour of Romania's entry in WWI on the
3042:
5610:Българската армия в Световната война 1915–1918, vol. VIII
5013:
The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914–1918
4424:
The Carpatho-Danubian region in 1914, before the start of
4324:
2733:
The Allies accepted the terms late in the summer of 1916 (
5414:
5390:
5366:
3852:
The remaining Russo-Romanian forces in Dobruja abandoned
2963:
Many novels have been written on this subject, including
2897:
6721:
6590:
Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf: Architect of the Apocalypse
6268:
Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf: Architect of the Apocalypse
5402:
3864:. On 23 January, they attempted to cross the marshes at
5655:
România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2, p. 830
5600:
România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2, p. 829
4363:
in Western Europe, a day which marked the start of the
3752:
briefly remained without a minelaying submarine, until
3167:
On the night of 27 August 1916, three Romanian armies (
2411:
eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports.
6151:
Mark Axworthy, Cornel I. Scafeș, Cristian Crăciunoiu,
5320:
4859:Министерство на войната (1939), pp. 677 (in Bulgarian)
3658:), Falkenhayn concentrated his best troops (the elite
3555:. The Romanian army continued its retreat towards the
2584:, with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the
5746:"Hidroscalele germane în Dobrogea (1916–1918) / FOTO"
5378:
5337:
5335:
5179:
Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz and James Cooper,
5149:"Preliminaries of Romania's Entering the World War I"
4623:
Operations in Dobruja, 19 October to 11 November 1916
4386:
approved the act on 9 January 1919 at an assembly in
4003:, 72 long and 20 short de Bange 120 mm guns, 28
3186:), deployed according to the Romanian campaign plan (
2841:), and having a territorial interest in Dobruja, the
2628:
in April 1918. The parliament signed the treaty, but
11513:
Military operations of World War I involving Germany
8448:
2018 unification declarations in Moldova and Romania
5776:
United States Naval Institute Proceedings, Volume 64
5690:
Torpilorul SMEUL – un simbol al eroismului românilor
4914:
Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik
4877:Министерство на войната (1943), pp. 390–395, 870–873
4611:
Operations in Romania, November 1916 to January 1917
4599:
Central Powers counterattack, September–October 1916
4517:
11508:
Military operations of World War I involving France
11483:
Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire
6003:, vol. II, Telegraf Advertising, 2011 (in Romanian)
5299:
Rumania 1866–1947 (Oxford History of Modern Europe)
4720:
King's Complete History of the World War: 1914–1918
4162:. The offensive of the German Ninth Army, from the
2725:should start an offensive against Bulgaria and the
6047:The Romanian army during the world war (1916–1918)
5828:
5332:
4703:"Voluntari sârbi pe frontul românesc din Dobrogea"
3773:
3104:
3070:the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian state.
5808:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
5089:To Ride the Storm: The Story of the Airship R.101
4587:Romanian invasion of Austria-Hungary, August 1916
4111:began on 24 July 1917 at dawn, and took place in
3676:. On 11 November, then-Lieutenant Rommel led the
2813:poster, welcoming Romania's decision to join the
2675:The Kingdom of Romania was ruled by kings of the
11473:Battles of World War I involving Austria-Hungary
11459:
8264:Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania
6551:(1998), pp. 306–308. Alfred A. Knopf Press.
6101:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
6086:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
6074:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
6059:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
5959:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
5942:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
5930:România în anii primului război mondial, vol. 2,
5544:
5143:
5141:
5009:
4508:in 1924, after consolidating the borders of the
3377:launched a torpedo at the Romanian torpedo boat
2616:who had recently declared independence from the
2359:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
10636:
9447:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
7948:Independence and annexation of Northern Dobruja
6292:Erich Ludendorff, Harper & Brothers, 1919,
6027:Conway's All the world Fighting Ships 1906–1921
5864:Conway's All the World Fighting Ships 1906–1921
5261:
4246:, signed by the combatants on 9 December 1917.
3845:On 3 December, the Romanian river torpedo boat
3817:on 6 December by Falkenhayn's cavalry. General
3787:) and designated the recently promoted General
3688:After conquering the main Romanian sea port of
2960:and on the content of the Darnița Declaration.
8438:Centenary of the Great Union Anniversary Medal
7890:
6509:The West Point Atlas of American Wars – Vol. 2
6247:
5292:
4046:
3162:Proclamation by King Ferdinand, 28 August 1916
2865:
10622:
8486:
7864:
7146:
6765:
6096:
6094:
6069:
6067:
6043:Armata română în războiul mondial (1916–1918)
5954:
5952:
5950:
5925:
5923:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5138:
3575:and Hilmi Paşa observing the fighting around
2833:and the ineffective Allied operations on the
2572:After several defensive victories in 1917 at
1435:
1036:
8120:Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia
5778:, United States Naval Institute, 1938, p. 73
4292:Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia
4031:In January 1917, the Romanian river gunboat
3911:Romanian-made Negrei Model 1916 heavy mortar
3648:tactical defeats in the Southern Carpathians
3273:, a German brigade and two divisions of the
2730:imposed on Romania, failed to be respected.
2636:and on 10 November 1918, one day before the
9930:
8404:Day of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania
6691:(1920) focus on prewar economy and society
5196:Vinogradov, "The Years of Neutrality", 460.
4973:"Chapter Fourteen: War Aims and Neutrality"
3872:and by the actions of the Romanian cruiser
2604:and would lease all of its oil reserves to
2529:allied with Britain and France against the
11116:
10799:
10629:
10615:
8493:
8479:
7871:
7857:
7153:
7139:
6772:
6758:
6091:
6064:
5947:
5920:
5794:
5642:
5175:
5173:
5003:
3887:on 8 January, but an attempt to break the
3417:The counteroffensive of the Central Powers
3049:The Legion of Romanian Volunteers in Italy
2872:Romanian military equipment of World War I
2849:were willing to help fight the Romanians.
1442:
1428:
1043:
1029:
182:
11478:Battles of World War I involving Bulgaria
11162:
5813:
5511:
5123:
5121:
4068:, the actions of the Romanian Second and
2456:, and to cut off Germany's oil supplies.
210:
156:
11493:Battles of World War I involving Romania
11187:
10853:
9729:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
6586:
6420:
6404:King of Battle: Artillery in World War I
6372:
6140:Austro-Hungarian Warships of World War I
5999:Constantin Cumpănă, Corina Apostoleanu,
5888:Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts,
5664:Constantin Cumpănă, Corina Apostoleanu,
5482:Le vicende della Legione Romena d’Italia
5462:
5460:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5326:
5127:Zlata Filipovic and Melanie Challenger,
4901:World War I: People, Politics, and Power
4521:
4273:
4258:
4203:
4180:
4091:
3914:
3906:
3760:
3581:
3566:
3515:
3455:
3331:
3198:. On that same night, the torpedo boats
3114:
3052:
2907:
2805:
2791:
2755:
2659:
267:
249:
11498:Battles of World War I involving Russia
10106:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
8374:1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia
6669:The Romanian Battlefront in World War I
6572:(in Romanian). Sibiu: Editura Armanis.
6554:
6445:Romania during the years of World War I
6441:România în anii primului război mondial
6112:Raymond Stănescu, Cristian Crăciunoiu,
5986:Raymond Stănescu, Cristian Crăciunoiu,
5731:Raymond Stănescu, Cristian Crăciunoiu,
5574:Raymond Stănescu, Cristian Crăciunoiu,
5538:
5494:Legiunea Voluntarilor Români din Italia
5477:
5475:
5170:
4785:România în războiul mondial (1916–1919)
4325:Romania reenters the war, November 1918
4300:Second Romanian campaign of World War I
3358:. Russian reinforcements under General
2391:was neutral for the first two years of
75:1st phase: 27 August 1916–December 1917
14:
11460:
6511:; maps 37–40. Frederick Praeger Press.
6482:
6473:
6453:
6447:) (Bucharest, 1987), Editura Militară.
6401:
6355:
6346:
6210:
6114:Marina română în primul război mondial
5988:Marina română în primul război mondial
5733:Marina română în primul război mondial
5576:Marina română în primul război mondial
5420:
5408:
5396:
5384:
5372:
5341:
5118:
4970:
4933:
4397:Germany agreed under the terms of the
4254:
3601:-class gunboats (four), training ship
3469:, where occupation of the locality of
2940:held by the Russian Empire formed the
2898:Romanians in the Austro-Hungarian Army
11488:Campaigns and theatres of World War I
10610:
10059:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
9402:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
8474:
8175:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
7943:Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia
7852:
7134:
6753:
6607:
6381:
6192:from the original on 25 February 2019
5457:
5347:
3769:leading his forces across the Danube.
3336:Romanian troops in Transylvania, 1916
1423:
1050:
1024:
10463:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
8091:Central Powers occupation of Romania
7160:
6565:
5766:, Periscope Publishing, 2002, p. 135
5472:
5237:Rumanian Review, Vol. 51, Issues 1–9
4700:
4374:, followed by the proclamation of a
3902:
3758:was commissioned in early December.
3727:. In November, the German submarine
3664:) in the south for an attack on the
3277:, whose units began arriving on the
3233:were captured, and the outskirts of
2471:At the outbreak of hostilities, the
10392:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
9193:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
6025:Roger Chesneau, N. J. M. Campbell,
5161:Carol I National Defence University
4382:, while the representatives of the
4238:in Russia and the beginning of the
3564:, these were largely unsuccessful.
3543:front, as well as the newly formed
24:
11338:
11327:Bulgarian administration in Kosovo
10783:
9132:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
6555:Pollard, Albert Frederick (1928).
6492:
6375:Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke
6177:
5791:, Modelism Publishing, 2003, p. 24
5764:The German Submarine War 1914–1918
5762:R.H. Gibson, Maurice Prendergast,
4376:Union of Transylvania with Romania
4335:Union of Transylvania with Romania
2958:Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia
2904:Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia
2687:, signed a secret treaty with the
25:
11529:
10764:Secret Bulgarian–German agreement
6695:
6215:. Basic Books. pp. 396–397.
6049:), Bucharest, 1936, vol. 4, p. 31
6012:René Greger, Anthony John Watts,
5890:World War I: Encyclopedia, Vol. 1
5181:The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828–1923
4850:, pp. 55, 139, 216, 221, 222, 223
4647:Diplomatic history of World War I
4518:Military analysis of the campaign
4372:union with the Kingdom of Romania
4174:until 12 August, then by General
2655:
1449:
11218:
11189:
11164:
11118:
11003:
10991:
10979:
10967:
10959:
10937:
10916:
10891:
10855:
10801:
9495:Second Battle of the Piave River
9117:Russian invasion of East Prussia
7975:
7880:
6679:The International History Review
6652:The International History Review
6558:A Short History of the Great War
6536:The International History Review
6507:Esposito, Vincent (ed.) (1959).
6362:Orrizonti Culturali Italo-Romeni
6324:
6312:
6299:
6294:Ludendorff's Own Story, Volume 1
6286:
6273:
6260:
6229:
6204:
6001:Amintiri despre o flotă pierdută
5973:lt.-colonel Alexandru Ioanițiu,
5717:[The Robănești Charge].
5545:Torrie, Glenn E. (Spring 1978).
5016:. A&C Black. pp. 150–.
4652:Romanian Navy during World War I
4628:
4616:
4604:
4592:
4580:
4497:
4477:
4461:
4449:
4433:
4417:
4296:Union of Bessarabia with Romania
4188:decorating soldiers at the front
3405:, together with the patrol boat
3329:, was only 1,000 km long).
3299:First Serbian Volunteer Division
2612:recognized Romania's union with
2374:1918 Russia–Ukraine negotiations
998:
983:
964:
947:
930:
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
855:
846:
833:
824:
815:
806:
791:
782:
773:
764:
757:
738:
727:
716:
705:
694:
683:
671:
659:
647:
635:
619:
607:
594:
581:
570:
559:
548:
537:
526:
515:
496:
485:
473:
461:
450:
439:
428:
417:
406:
395:
384:
372:
361:
350:
338:
326:
315:
303:
291:
269:
251:
237:
225:
212:
197:
184:
171:
158:
52:
11518:Naval battles involving Romania
10559:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
9759:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
8500:
8192:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
8170:Great Romanian National Council
8142:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia
7953:Romanian annexation of Silistra
6701:Heppner, Harald, Gräf, Rudolf:
6476:Annales Universitatis Apulensis
6340:
6171:
6158:
6145:
6132:
6119:
6106:
6079:
6052:
6032:
6029:, Mayflower Books, 1979, p. 421
6019:
6006:
5993:
5980:
5964:
5935:
5907:
5895:
5882:
5869:
5856:
5822:
5781:
5769:
5756:
5738:
5725:
5707:
5694:
5683:
5671:
5658:
5633:
5624:
5615:
5603:
5594:
5581:
5568:
5520:
5499:
5487:
5448:
5435:
5426:
5286:
5255:
5242:
5229:
5212:
5199:
5190:
5101:
5082:
5069:
5056:
5043:
5030:
4964:
4937:Brief Romanian Military History
4927:
4906:
4893:
4880:
4871:
4862:
4853:
4840:
4837:24,200 dead and 72,400 wounded.
4668:
4635:Romanian front, 12 January 1917
3774:Battles on the Wallachian Plain
3670:Second Battle of the Jiu Valley
3646:In mid-November, after several
3535:, under the command of General
3105:Course of the Romanian campaign
2600:, all the Carpathian passes to
11468:Austria-Hungary in World War I
10382:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
10241:Deportations from East Prussia
10038:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
8135:Romanian occupation of Hungary
6279:John Buchan, T. Nelson, 1922,
5902:Warship International, Vol. 21
5678:Revista de istorie, Volume 40
5554:Emporia State Research Studies
5469:, Grecu, p. 1 (nr. de ordine).
4826:
4803:
4790:
4778:
4749:
4737:
4728:
4713:
4694:
4488:, which was never ratified by
3611:-class river monitors (four),
3597:-class torpedo boats (three),
3421:Overall command was now under
3386:crossed the Danube at Flămânda
2395:, entering on the side of the
2195:Battle for Kamianets-Podilskyi
77:2nd phase: 10–11 November 1918
13:
1:
10293:Ukrainian Canadian internment
6722:Turkey in the First World War
6463:Romanian Army Academy Journal
6389:. New York: Capricorn Books.
6255:Atlas of American Wars, Vol 2
5975:Războiul României (1916–1919)
5064:Atlas of American Wars, Vol 2
4971:Becker, Jean-Jacques (2012).
4688:
3586:Romanian Navy main warships:
3547:under the command of General
2704:fought on two fronts (one in
2545:, which is currently part of
10774:Bulgarian–Ottoman convention
10448:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
9747:Estonian War of Independence
9422:Southern Palestine offensive
8379:National Museum of the Union
8165:General Congress of Bukovina
7958:Conquest of Southern Dobruja
6487:(in Romanian) (37): 153–164.
6478:(in Romanian) (37): 101–111.
6241:World War I Document Archive
6014:The Russian Fleet, 1914–1917
5977:, Bucharest, vol. II, p. 283
5668:, 2011, Telegraf Advertising
5147:Laurențiu-Cristian Dumitru,
4249:
3981:Hotchkiss M1914 machine guns
3057:The Romanian Legion in Italy
2772:In 1915, Lieutenant-Colonel
2552:The Romanian campaign plan (
7:
11313:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
10638:Bulgaria during World War I
10402:USA against Austria-Hungary
9801:Turkish War of Independence
9753:Latvian War of Independence
9485:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
9076:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
7963:Treaty of Bucharest of 1916
6587:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2000).
6266:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2000).
5789:Romanian Navy Torpedo Boats
4640:
4122:Austro-Hungarian First Army
4047:1917 campaign and armistice
3219:Austro-Hungarian First Army
3078:, and the base camp in the
2866:Romanian armaments industry
2608:for 99 years. However, the
10:
11534:
10740:Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance
10485:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
10033:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
9500:Second Battle of the Marne
9387:Second battle of the Aisne
9256:Second Battle of Champagne
9097:German invasion of Belgium
8283:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
7437:Chief of the General Staff
6687:Great Britain. Admiralty.
6614:University Press of Kansas
6377:(in Russian). Spravochnik.
6351:(in Romanian) (1): 89–115.
6319:Istoria României, Vol. IV,
6211:Watson, Alexander (2014).
5506:Legiunea Română din Italia
5467:Legiunea Română din Italia
4977:A Companion to World War I
4442:Treaty of Bucharest (1916)
4328:
4288:Treaty of Bucharest (1918)
4285:
4098:Model 1912 105 mm howitzer
4013:Schneider-Putilov 152.4 mm
3971:up. Priority was given to
3847:Căpitan Valter Mărăcineanu
3615:minelayer and armed liners
3545:58th Cavalry Corps (z.b.V)
3108:
3031:Constantin Isopescu-Grecul
2901:
2869:
2700:keep both states neutral.
2399:from 27 August 1916 until
2369:Treaty of Bucharest (1918)
18:Romania during World War I
11084:Second battle of Monastir
11056:Battle of Florina (Lerin)
10644:
10591:
10550:
10471:
10410:
10372:
10316:
10305:
10266:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
10209:
10181:
10129:
10051:
10025:
9977:
9870:
9863:
9795:Irish War of Independence
9691:
9573:
9545:Armistice of Villa Giusti
9530:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
9455:
9357:
9284:
9185:
9142:First Battle of the Marne
9089:
9051:
8986:
8977:
8920:
8794:
8783:
8749:
8721:
8683:
8635:
8588:
8581:
8508:
8428:
8391:
8387:
8369:
8362:
8303:
8296:
8241:
8211:
8180:Declaration of Alba Iulia
8150:
8052:
8045:
7984:
7973:
7935:
7907:
7900:
7810:
7716:
7621:
7612:
7485:
7476:
7380:
7371:
7289:
7280:
7185:
7172:
7107:
6947:
6876:
6845:
6789:
6521:(1960), pp. 228–230.
6421:Mitrasca, Marcel (2007).
5010:Holger H. Herwig (2014).
4410:Hungarian Soviet Republic
4015:howitzers and 130 French
4005:Coventry 127 mm howitzers
3927:Moldavia's Gates, on the
3285:river and headed towards
2737:Treaty of Bucharest, 1916
2624:and voted for union with
2466:military training mission
2274:Assault on Chongar Bridge
2154:Battle of Bobruysk (1918)
1994:Second Brusilov offensive
1459:
1062:
1014:
1009:Total: 595,000 casualties
941:Total: 338,000 casualties
876:
750:
508:
284:
150:
66:
51:
39:
34:
11388:Georgi Todorov (general)
11332:Anti-military propaganda
11036:Kosovo offensive (1915)
10910:Louis Franchet d'Espèrey
10721:Treaty of Constantinople
10418:Constantinople Agreement
9711:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
9574:Co-belligerent conflicts
9550:Second Romanian campaign
9520:Third Transjordan attack
9231:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
9137:Battle of Grand Couronné
8352:Unification with Romania
8276:Transnistria Governorate
8125:Second Romanian campaign
7464:Unification with Moldova
7385:Administrative divisions
6402:Marble, Sanders (2018).
6373:Erlikman, Vadim (2004).
6332:Romania and World War I,
5562:Emporia State University
5262:Marcel Mitrasca (2007).
5220:Indiana University Press
5207:Out of My Life, Vol. I,
5109:The Great War: 1914–1918
4975:. In Horne, John (ed.).
4912:Erlikman, Vadim (2004).
4662:
3694:Second Battle of Cobadin
3625:Second Battle of Cobadin
3035:Octavian Codru Tăslăuanu
2979:Lieutenant field marshal
2942:Romanian Volunteer Corps
2768:magazine, November 1915)
2679:from 1866. In 1883, the
2318:Romanian Campaign (1918)
2096:Romanian Campaign (1917)
2035:Romanian campaign (1916)
1771:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
927:1 river monitor disabled
122:victory (November 1918)
11363:Aleksandar Stamboliyski
11278:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
11096:Battle of Skra-di-Legen
11076:Second battle of Doiran
10759:Bulgarian–German treaty
10481:Modus vivendi of Acroma
10433:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
9741:Greater Poland Uprising
9641:National Protection War
9525:Meuse–Argonne offensive
9475:German spring offensive
9470:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
9246:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
9221:Second Battle of Artois
9102:Battle of the Frontiers
8416:(Romanian national day)
8288:Moscow Protocol of 1948
8229:Union with Transylvania
8064:First Romanian war plan
6673:excerpt and text search
6662:Romania and World War I
6356:Damian, Stefan (2012).
6307:Romania and World War I
6127:Gunboats of World War I
5875:Frederick Thomas Jane,
5715:"Șarja de la Robănești"
5304:Oxford University Press
4026:Henri Mathias Berthelot
4022:French military mission
3371:, the German submarine
3365:First Battle of Cobadin
3084:Legione Romena d'Italia
3029:) and Imperial Adviser
2927:Austro-Hungarian Empire
2685:Carol I of Hohenzollern
2491:because the attacks on
2473:Austro-Hungarian Empire
2364:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1521:East Prussia war crimes
1410:Romania rejoins the war
588:Constantinople Flotilla
103:victory (December 1917)
11503:Romania in World War I
11343:
11104:Third battle of Doiran
11052:First battle of Doiran
10788:
10506:Paris Peace Conference
10494:Ukraine–Central Powers
10288:Massacres of Albanians
10256:Late Ottoman genocides
10063:Bulgarian occupations
9771:Third Anglo-Afghan War
9735:Hungarian–Romanian War
9560:Naval Victory Bulletin
9555:Armistice with Germany
9505:Hundred Days Offensive
9432:Battle of La Malmaison
9382:Second battle of Arras
9349:Battle of Transylvania
9203:Second Battle of Ypres
9071:Sarajevo assassination
8960:South African Republic
8130:Hungarian–Romanian War
8098:1917 Romanian Campaign
8074:Battle of Transylvania
8069:1916 Romanian Campaign
7992:Ferdinand I of Romania
7891:
7570:Science and technology
6689:A Handbook of Roumania
6116:, p. 215 (in Romanian)
5990:, p. 196 (in Romanian)
5735:, p. 199 (in Romanian)
5235:Europolis Pub., 1996,
4934:Hentea, Călin (2007).
4757:"Campaigns: Macedonia"
4678:in Siberia during the
4568:
4556:
4527:
4365:Hungarian–Romanian War
4339:Hungarian–Romanian War
4283:
4271:
4212:
4189:
4104:
3923:
3912:
3856:on 4 January 1917 and
3770:
3717:Hansa-Brandenburg W.12
3616:
3579:
3524:
3461:
3337:
3192:Battle of Transylvania
3159:
3127:
3099:Hungarian–Romanian War
3058:
2975:Feldmarschall-leutnant
2921:
2863:
2817:
2803:
2769:
2672:
2403:occupation led to the
1087:Petroșani (offensive)
345:A. A. von Straußenburg
285:Commanders and leaders
127:Treaties of Versailles
35:Romania in World War I
27:Role of Romania in WWI
11368:Aleksandar Protogerov
11342:
11303:Armistice of Salonica
10787:
10516:Treaty of St. Germain
10489:Russia–Central Powers
10443:Sykes–Picot Agreement
10271:Pontic Greek genocide
10246:Destruction of Kalisz
10222:Eastern Mediterranean
9783:Polish–Lithuanian War
9565:Armistice of Belgrade
9535:Armistice of Salonica
9465:Operation Faustschlag
9412:Third Battle of Oituz
9334:Baranovichi offensive
9302:Lake Naroch offensive
9276:Battle of Robat Karim
9251:Vistula–Bug offensive
9226:Battles of the Isonzo
9157:First Battle of Ypres
8328:Transnistria conflict
8219:Union with Bessarabia
8113:Third Battle of Oituz
7354:Territorial evolution
7237:United Principalities
6784:by region and country
6608:Stone, David (2015).
6454:Părean, Ioan (2002).
6425:. Algora Publishing.
5877:Jane's Fighting Ships
5787:Cristian Crăciunoiu,
5719:Enciclopedia României
5578:, p. 73 (in Romanian)
5532:www.firstworldwar.com
5205:Paul von Hindenburg,
5185:Naval Institute Press
5111:, 2nd ed. (New York:
4886:Erickson, Edward J.
4563:
4547:
4525:
4351:After the successful
4310:Alexandru Marghiloman
4286:Further information:
4277:
4264:Alexandru Marghiloman
4262:
4207:
4184:
4156:Third Battle of Oituz
4095:
3918:
3910:
3879:at the mouths of the
3764:
3744:. This could only be
3713:Friedrichshafen FF.33
3709:Friedrichshafen FF.33
3585:
3570:
3519:
3459:
3335:
3275:Ottoman VI Army Corps
3254:the west bank of the
3130:
3118:
3056:
2911:
2858:
2809:
2795:
2759:
2677:House of Hohenzollern
2663:
1989:Baranovichi offensive
1565:Halich-Lviv offensive
877:Casualties and losses
11373:August von Mackensen
11282:Armistice of Focșani
11203:Andrei Zayonchkovski
11100:Battle of Dobro Pole
10511:Treaty of Versailles
10227:Mount Lebanon famine
10142:in the United States
10110:Russian occupations
9824:Turkish–Armenian War
9765:Polish–Ukrainian War
9705:Ukrainian–Soviet War
9652:Central Asian Revolt
9442:Armistice of Focșani
9172:Battle of Sarikamish
9122:Battle of Tannenberg
8518:Military engagements
8081:The Romanian Debacle
7920:Romanian irredentism
7915:Romanian nationalism
7798:World Heritage Sites
6684:, 3 (1992): 452–461.
6657:, 3 (1992): 462–479.
6541:, 3 (1992): 441–451.
6504:(Indiana U.P., 2013)
6383:Falls, Cyril Bentham
6237:"Articles 248 – 263"
6016:, Allan, 1972, p. 61
5913:Michael B. Barrett,
5819:Baldwin 1962, p. 85.
5704:(Indiana U.P., 2013)
5700:Michael B. Barrett,
5587:Michael B. Barrett,
5496:, Bușe, 2007, p. 12.
5218:Michael B. Barrett,
4981:Blackwell Publishing
4846:Michael B. Barrett,
4796:Michael B. Barrett,
4470:Armistice of Focșani
4408:and the fall of the
4399:Treaty of Versailles
4384:Transylvanian Saxons
4172:Constantin Cristescu
4164:Army Group Mackensen
4127:Russian High Command
3985:Vickers machine guns
3819:August von Mackensen
3482:area, especially at
3451:Romanian Fourth Army
3423:Erich von Falkenhayn
3360:Andrei Zaionchkovsky
3267:August von Mackensen
3248:Erich von Falkenhayn
2970:Forest of the Hanged
2827:Erich von Falkenhayn
2563:Romanian Old Kingdom
2323:Anti-Hetman Uprising
1777:Gorlice breakthrough
1276:The Romanian Debacle
1220:Southern Carpathians
1004:2 torpedo boats sunk
938:1 aircraft destroyed
925:1 river monitor sunk
723:1st Serbian Division
480:Andrei Zayonchkovski
357:Franz Rohr von Denta
310:August von Mackensen
298:Erich von Falkenhayn
109:Armistice of Focșani
62:battlefield in 1917.
11286:Treaty of Bucharest
11263:Battle of Bucharest
11243:Battle of Turtucaia
11032:Ovče Pole Offensive
10885:Pavle Jurišić Šturm
10716:Treaty of Bucharest
10667:• Outcome • Others
10653:South-western front
10578:They shall not pass
10501:Treaty of Bucharest
10458:Treaty of Bucharest
10397:USA against Germany
10374:Declarations of war
10078:German occupations
9991:British casualties
9850:Soviet–Georgian War
9777:Egyptian Revolution
9717:Armeno-Georgian War
9581:Somaliland campaign
9540:Armistice of Mudros
9417:Battle of Caporetto
9407:Battle of Mărășești
9377:Zimmermann telegram
9372:February Revolution
9317:Battle of the Somme
9241:Bug-Narew Offensive
9216:Battle of Gallipoli
9208:Sinking of the RMS
9000:Scramble for Africa
8994:Franco-Prussian War
8650:Sinai and Palestine
8313:Republic of Moldova
8254:Second Vienna Award
8224:Union with Bukovina
8108:Battle of Mărășești
8086:Battle of Bucharest
7207:Prehistoric Romania
6637:(1976–79): 174–191.
6566:Popa, Ioan (2019).
6549:The First World War
6531:(Oxford UP, (1994).
6499:Barrett, Michael B.
5423:, pp. 343–349.
5399:, pp. 153–164.
5375:, pp. 101–111.
5107:Ian F. W. Beckett,
5077:The First World War
4701:Căplescu, Romulus.
4486:Treaty of Bucharest
4306:Treaty of Bucharest
4268:Treaty of Bucharest
4255:Treaty of Bucharest
4194:Battle of Mărășești
4017:58mm trench mortars
3957:Battle of Bucharest
3929:Eastern Carpathians
3808:, in which the 2nd
3785:Battle of Bucharest
3781:Battle of the Argeș
3562:Battle of Robănești
3511:Ecaterina Teodoroiu
3507:Battle of Târgu Jiu
3295:Battle of Turtucaia
3240:Battle of the Somme
2854:Paul von Hindenburg
2774:Christopher Thomson
2634:Treaty of Bucharest
2590:Treaty of Bucharest
2405:Treaty of Bucharest
2207:The Battle of Irpin
2183:Battle of Berdychiv
2052:February Revolution
1870:Dniestr–Zolota Lypa
1403:Treaty of Bucharest
1252:Eastern Carpathians
468:Dmitry Shcherbachev
379:Mustafa Hilmi Pasha
114:Treaty of Bucharest
58:Romanian troops at
11443:Todor Kantardzhiev
11413:Konstantin Zhostov
11398:Kliment Boyadzhiev
11358:Aleksandar Malinov
11344:
11290:Protocol of Berlin
11255:Flămânda Offensive
11247:Battle of Bazargic
11182:Alexandru Averescu
11145:Todor Kantardzhiev
11064:Monastir offensive
11040:Battle of Krivolak
10948:Panagiotis Danglis
10906:Adolphe Guillaumat
10820:Kliment Boyadzhiev
10789:
10670:Important persons
10538:Treaty of Lausanne
10453:Paris Economy Pact
10387:UK against Germany
10317:Entry into the war
10283:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
10002:Ottoman casualties
9812:Franco-Turkish War
9692:Post-War conflicts
9676:Russian Revolution
9658:Invasion of Darfur
9623:Kelantan rebellion
9611:Kurdish rebellions
9587:Mexican Revolution
9427:October Revolution
9392:Kerensky offensive
9367:Capture of Baghdad
9344:Monastir offensive
9329:Brusilov offensive
9167:Battle of Kolubara
9006:Russo-Japanese War
8420:Trianon Treaty Day
8022:Alexandru Averescu
8012:Ion I. C. Brătianu
7590:Telecommunications
7505:Foreign investment
7324:Historical regions
6738:History of Romania
6734:Kingdom of Romania
6647:, 1 (1980): 27–43.
6439:Multiple authors.
6253:Vincent Esposito,
6041:Dabija, Gheorghe,
5830:Michael S. Neiberg
5441:Cazacu, Gheorghe;
5411:, pp. 89–115.
5154:2020-10-29 at the
5062:Vincent Esposito,
4815:2017-02-27 at the
4657:Romanian Air Corps
4572:Salonika Offensive
4537:In his 1922 book,
4528:
4284:
4272:
4236:October Revolution
4213:
4190:
4132:Alexandru Averescu
4105:
4062:Kerensky Offensive
4009:St. Chamond 155 mm
3950:universal suffrage
3946:Ion I. C. Brătianu
3924:
3913:
3771:
3617:
3580:
3549:Egon von Schmettow
3525:
3462:
3343:Flămânda Offensive
3338:
3303:Battle of Bazargic
3244:Brusilov Offensive
3147:hopes and dreams.
3128:
3059:
2922:
2839:Salonica campaigns
2818:
2804:
2770:
2746:Brusilov offensive
2673:
2622:October Revolution
2586:October Revolution
2434:Carol I of Romania
2389:Kingdom of Romania
2118:October Revolution
2074:Tarnopol-Offensive
2057:Kerensky offensive
1956:Brusilov offensive
1718:2nd Masurian Lakes
1582:Galicia war crimes
1516:1st Masurian Lakes
1322:Pitești–Târgoviște
1173:Orșova (offensive)
413:Alexandru Averescu
11455:
11454:
11450:
11449:
11207:Vladimir Sakharov
11178:Constantin Prezan
10944:Kingdom of Greece
10711:Second Balkan War
10604:
10603:
10587:
10586:
10571:The Golden Virgin
10565:Mutilated victory
10546:
10545:
10526:Treaty of Trianon
10521:Treaty of Neuilly
10428:Damascus Protocol
10301:
10300:
10261:Armenian genocide
10218:Allied blockades
10190:Belgian refugees
9973:
9972:
9883:Strategic bombing
9859:
9858:
9844:Franco-Syrian War
9818:Greco-Turkish War
9806:Anglo-Turkish War
9789:Polish–Soviet War
9723:German Revolution
9699:Russian Civil War
9682:Finnish Civil War
9515:Battle of Megiddo
9490:Battle of Goychay
9437:Battle of Cambrai
9397:Battle of Mărăști
9312:Battle of Jutland
9292:Erzurum offensive
9147:Siege of Przemyśl
9127:Siege of Tsingtao
9112:Battle of Galicia
9042:Second Balkan War
9030:Italo-Turkish War
8987:Pre-War conflicts
8973:
8972:
8863:Portuguese Empire
8779:
8778:
8741:German New Guinea
8723:Asian and Pacific
8468:
8467:
8464:
8463:
8460:
8459:
8456:
8455:
8345:Gagauzia conflict
8259:Treaty of Craiova
8237:
8236:
8197:Treaty of Trianon
8187:Directing Council
8103:Battle of Mărăști
7971:
7970:
7846:
7845:
7806:
7805:
7608:
7607:
7472:
7471:
7449:Political parties
7400:Foreign relations
7367:
7366:
7262:Communist Romania
7222:Early Middle Ages
7128:
7127:
6837:Southern Rhodesia
6832:South West Africa
6667:Torrey, Glenn E.
6660:Torrey, Glenn E.
6579:978-606-9006-60-3
6529:Rumania 1866–1947
6432:978-0-87586-184-5
6413:978-90-04-30524-3
6257:, text for map 40
6222:978-0-4650-9488-2
5862:Robert Gardiner,
5270:Algora Publishing
5066:, text for map 37
5036:Marcel Mitrasca,
5023:978-1-4725-1081-5
4922:978-5-93165-107-1
4680:Russian Civil War
4510:Treaty of Trianon
4343:Treaty of Trianon
4244:Focșani Armistice
4240:Russian Civil War
4176:Eremia Grigorescu
4109:Battle of Mărăști
4102:Battle of Mărăști
4001:Puteaux 75mm guns
3903:Romanian recovery
3789:Constantin Prezan
3650:(Bran-Câmpulung,
3613:Alexandru cel Bun
2918:Medal for Bravery
2831:Kingdom of Serbia
2511:Romanian campaign
2382:
2381:
2040:Christmas Battles
1745:2nd Vistula River
1606:Laski and Anielin
1600:1st Vistula River
1417:
1416:
1082:Sibiu (offensive)
1054:Romanian Campaign
1019:
1018:
492:Milenko Milićević
457:Vladimir Sakharov
424:Eremia Grigorescu
402:Constantin Prezan
322:Johannes von Eben
146:
145:
16:(Redirected from
11525:
11428:Panteley Kiselov
11418:Krastyu Zlatarev
11353:Vasil Radoslavov
11223:
11222:
11199:
11195:
11193:
11192:
11174:
11170:
11168:
11167:
11137:Panteley Kiselov
11128:
11124:
11122:
11121:
11060:Struma operation
11028:Morava Offensive
11008:
11007:
10996:
10995:
10984:
10983:
10972:
10971:
10964:
10963:
10943:
10941:
10940:
10922:
10920:
10919:
10897:
10895:
10894:
10877:Stepa Stepanović
10865:
10861:
10859:
10858:
10811:
10807:
10805:
10804:
10706:Treaty of London
10692:First Balkan War
10660:Macedonian front
10656:Serbian campaign
10647:
10646:
10631:
10624:
10617:
10608:
10607:
10531:Treaty of Sèvres
10423:Treaty of London
10314:
10313:
10092:Northeast France
10023:
10022:
9995:Parliamentarians
9928:
9927:
9890:Chemical weapons
9868:
9867:
9629:Senussi campaign
9599:Muscat rebellion
9593:Maritz rebellion
9510:Vardar offensive
9339:Battle of Romani
9307:Battle of Asiago
9297:Battle of Verdun
9261:Kosovo offensive
9036:First Balkan War
8984:
8983:
8883:Russian Republic
8792:
8791:
8586:
8585:
8528:Economic history
8495:
8488:
8481:
8472:
8471:
8389:
8388:
8367:
8366:
8333:Transnistria War
8301:
8300:
8242:Disestablishment
8151:Institutions and
8050:
8049:
8002:Marie of Romania
7979:
7905:
7904:
7894:
7885:
7884:
7873:
7866:
7859:
7850:
7849:
7826:
7819:
7698:Social structure
7619:
7618:
7555:
7520:Great Depression
7483:
7482:
7378:
7377:
7287:
7286:
7232:Early Modern Era
7155:
7148:
7141:
7132:
7131:
6774:
6767:
6760:
6751:
6750:
6632:Rumanian Studies
6627:
6604:
6583:
6562:
6488:
6479:
6470:
6460:
6450:
6436:
6417:
6398:
6378:
6369:
6352:
6335:
6328:
6322:
6316:
6310:
6303:
6297:
6290:
6284:
6277:
6271:
6264:
6258:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6233:
6227:
6226:
6208:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6197:
6191:
6184:
6175:
6169:
6162:
6156:
6149:
6143:
6136:
6130:
6123:
6117:
6110:
6104:
6098:
6089:
6083:
6077:
6071:
6062:
6056:
6050:
6040:
6036:
6030:
6023:
6017:
6010:
6004:
5997:
5991:
5984:
5978:
5972:
5968:
5962:
5956:
5945:
5939:
5933:
5927:
5918:
5911:
5905:
5899:
5893:
5886:
5880:
5873:
5867:
5860:
5854:
5853:
5840:Brill Publishers
5826:
5820:
5817:
5811:
5805:
5792:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5767:
5760:
5754:
5753:
5742:
5736:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5711:
5705:
5698:
5692:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5662:
5656:
5653:
5640:
5637:
5631:
5628:
5622:
5619:
5613:
5607:
5601:
5598:
5592:
5585:
5579:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5551:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5524:
5518:
5515:
5509:
5503:
5497:
5491:
5485:
5479:
5470:
5464:
5455:
5452:
5446:
5439:
5433:
5430:
5424:
5418:
5412:
5406:
5400:
5394:
5388:
5382:
5376:
5370:
5364:
5358:
5345:
5339:
5330:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5259:
5253:
5246:
5240:
5233:
5227:
5216:
5210:
5203:
5197:
5194:
5188:
5177:
5168:
5159:Bulletin of the
5145:
5136:
5133:Doubleday Canada
5125:
5116:
5105:
5099:
5086:
5080:
5073:
5067:
5060:
5054:
5047:
5041:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4931:
4925:
4910:
4904:
4897:
4891:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4869:
4866:
4860:
4857:
4851:
4844:
4838:
4830:
4824:
4810:Unde nu se trece
4807:
4801:
4794:
4788:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4763:. Archived from
4753:
4747:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4726:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4698:
4683:
4672:
4632:
4620:
4608:
4596:
4584:
4559:Erich Ludendorff
4501:
4490:King Ferdinand I
4481:
4465:
4453:
4437:
4421:
4357:Macedonian front
4353:Vardar Offensive
4150:valleys towards
3190:), launched the
3185:
3163:
3027:Locotenent-Major
3007:Gheorghe Flondor
2938:Prisoners of war
2916:was awarded the
2892:Ștefan Burileanu
2644:and advanced in
2642:Macedonian front
2638:German armistice
2567:Western Moldavia
2543:Southern Dobruja
2513:was part of the
2425:At the start of
2282:
2263:
2255:Battle for Izyum
2251:
2239:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2179:
2139:Battle of Galați
2082:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1919:
1887:Strypa offensive
1702:
1694:Kozevo offensive
1628:2nd East Prussia
1578:
1475:1st East Prussia
1454:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1398:Treaty of Buftea
1057:
1055:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1003:
1002:
988:
987:
969:
968:
952:
951:
936:1 submarine sunk
935:
934:
924:
923:
915:
914:
906:
905:
897:
896:
888:
887:
870:
860:
859:
851:
850:
838:
837:
829:
828:
820:
819:
811:
810:
796:
795:
787:
786:
778:
777:
769:
768:
762:
761:
743:
742:
732:
731:
721:
720:
710:
709:
708:
699:
698:
688:
687:
676:
675:
674:
664:
663:
652:
651:
640:
639:
638:
624:
623:
622:
612:
611:
610:
599:
598:
586:
585:
575:
574:
564:
563:
553:
552:
542:
541:
531:
530:
520:
519:
501:
500:
490:
489:
482:
478:
477:
476:
466:
465:
464:
455:
454:
453:
444:
443:
433:
432:
422:
421:
411:
410:
400:
399:
389:
388:
377:
376:
366:
365:
355:
354:
347:
343:
342:
331:
330:
320:
319:
312:
308:
307:
296:
295:
280:
279:
275:
273:
272:
261:
257:
255:
254:
245:Russian Republic
243:
241:
240:
230:
229:
228:
222:
218:
216:
215:
203:
201:
200:
194:
190:
188:
187:
177:
175:
174:
168:
164:
162:
161:
104:
78:
68:
67:
56:
32:
31:
21:
11533:
11532:
11528:
11527:
11526:
11524:
11523:
11522:
11458:
11457:
11456:
11451:
11270:
11233:
11217:
11214:
11190:
11188:
11185:
11165:
11163:
11119:
11117:
11113:
11018:
11002:
10990:
10978:
10966:
10958:
10955:
10938:
10936:
10934:
10917:
10915:
10913:
10902:Maurice Sarrail
10892:
10890:
10888:
10856:
10854:
10802:
10800:
10796:
10729:
10681:
10654:
10640:
10635:
10605:
10600:
10583:
10542:
10474:
10467:
10438:Treaty of Darin
10406:
10368:
10324:Austria-Hungary
10310:
10297:
10278:Rape of Belgium
10205:
10177:
10125:
10119:Western Armenia
10114:Eastern Galicia
10047:
10021:
9985:
9984:Civilian impact
9983:
9969:
9926:
9855:
9687:
9617:Ovambo Uprising
9569:
9451:
9353:
9280:
9198:Battle of Łomża
9181:
9177:Christmas truce
9152:Race to the Sea
9085:
9047:
8969:
8940:Austria-Hungary
8916:
8851:Empire of Japan
8788:
8786:
8775:
8759:U-boat campaign
8745:
8717:
8679:
8631:
8577:
8558:Popular culture
8504:
8499:
8469:
8452:
8443:Centenary March
8424:
8414:Great Union Day
8383:
8358:
8340:Gagauz Republic
8292:
8233:
8207:
8202:Treaty of Paris
8152:
8146:
8055:
8041:
7980:
7967:
7931:
7925:Greater Romania
7896:
7879:
7877:
7847:
7842:
7829:
7822:
7815:
7802:
7712:
7666:Public holidays
7604:
7565:Property bubble
7553:
7468:
7427:Law enforcement
7363:
7344:Protected areas
7276:
7252:Greater Romania
7181:
7168:
7159:
7129:
7124:
7103:
6960:Austria-Hungary
6943:
6872:
6841:
6785:
6778:
6748:
6742:Greater Romania
6728:
6698:
6624:
6601:
6580:
6525:Hitchins, Keith
6495:
6493:Further reading
6465:(in Romanian).
6458:
6448:
6433:
6414:
6349:Astra Salvensis
6343:
6338:
6329:
6325:
6317:
6313:
6304:
6300:
6291:
6287:
6278:
6274:
6265:
6261:
6252:
6248:
6235:
6234:
6230:
6223:
6209:
6205:
6195:
6193:
6189:
6182:
6176:
6172:
6163:
6159:
6150:
6146:
6137:
6133:
6125:Angus Konstam,
6124:
6120:
6111:
6107:
6099:
6092:
6084:
6080:
6072:
6065:
6057:
6053:
6038:
6037:
6033:
6024:
6020:
6011:
6007:
5998:
5994:
5985:
5981:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5957:
5948:
5940:
5936:
5928:
5921:
5912:
5908:
5900:
5896:
5887:
5883:
5874:
5870:
5861:
5857:
5850:
5842:. p. 156.
5827:
5823:
5818:
5814:
5806:
5795:
5786:
5782:
5774:
5770:
5761:
5757:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5730:
5726:
5713:
5712:
5708:
5699:
5695:
5688:
5684:
5676:
5672:
5663:
5659:
5654:
5643:
5638:
5634:
5629:
5625:
5620:
5616:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5595:
5586:
5582:
5573:
5569:
5549:
5543:
5539:
5526:
5525:
5521:
5516:
5512:
5504:
5500:
5492:
5488:
5484:, Baratto, 2011
5480:
5473:
5465:
5458:
5453:
5449:
5440:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5419:
5415:
5407:
5403:
5395:
5391:
5387:, pp. 1–5.
5383:
5379:
5371:
5367:
5359:
5348:
5340:
5333:
5325:
5321:
5314:
5306:. p. 265.
5291:
5287:
5280:
5260:
5256:
5247:
5243:
5234:
5230:
5217:
5213:
5204:
5200:
5195:
5191:
5178:
5171:
5156:Wayback Machine
5146:
5139:
5126:
5119:
5106:
5102:
5087:
5083:
5074:
5070:
5061:
5057:
5048:
5044:
5035:
5031:
5024:
5008:
5004:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4983:. p. 208.
4969:
4965:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4944:. p. 102.
4942:Scarecrow Press
4932:
4928:
4911:
4907:
4898:
4894:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4845:
4841:
4831:
4827:
4817:Wayback Machine
4808:
4804:
4795:
4791:
4787:, vol. I, p. 58
4783:
4779:
4770:
4768:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4718:
4714:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4686:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4643:
4636:
4633:
4624:
4621:
4612:
4609:
4600:
4597:
4588:
4585:
4520:
4513:
4506:Greater Romania
4502:
4493:
4482:
4473:
4466:
4457:
4454:
4445:
4438:
4429:
4422:
4349:
4331:Greater Romania
4329:Main articles:
4327:
4302:
4280:Arcul de Triumf
4257:
4252:
4154:and Adjud (the
4049:
4024:led by General
3905:
3776:
3522:Turnu Roșu Pass
3419:
3179:
3165:
3161:
3113:
3107:
3095:Vittorio Veneto
3051:
2906:
2900:
2874:
2868:
2762:Greater Romania
2689:Triple Alliance
2681:King of Romania
2658:
2602:Austria-Hungary
2535:Austria-Hungary
2385:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2276:
2257:
2245:
2233:
2209:
2197:
2185:
2173:
2106:Kornilov affair
2076:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1913:
1696:
1572:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1384:
1178:Băile Herculane
1058:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1007:
1005:
997:
996:
994:
992:
982:
963:
962:
961:80,000 captured
960:
959:120,000 wounded
958:
956:
946:
939:
937:
929:
928:
926:
918:
917:
909:
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865:
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845:
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831:
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805:
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790:
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763:
756:
737:
736:
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693:
692:
682:
672:
670:
658:
646:
636:
634:
620:
618:
608:
606:
593:
580:
579:
577:Danube Flotilla
569:
568:
558:
557:
547:
546:
536:
535:
525:
524:
514:
503:Henri Berthelot
495:
494:
484:
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474:
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462:
460:
459:
451:
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448:
438:
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427:
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405:
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394:
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383:
371:
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349:
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337:
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314:
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213:
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198:
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185:
183:
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179:Austria-Hungary
172:
170:
169:
159:
157:
99:
90:
76:
74:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11531:
11521:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11495:
11490:
11485:
11480:
11475:
11470:
11453:
11452:
11448:
11447:
11446:
11445:
11440:
11438:Stefan Nerezov
11435:
11430:
11425:
11420:
11415:
11410:
11405:
11403:Dimitar Geshov
11400:
11395:
11390:
11385:
11383:Vladimir Vazov
11380:
11375:
11370:
11365:
11360:
11355:
11350:
11336:
11335:
11334:
11329:
11316:
11315:
11310:
11308:Vladaya revolt
11305:
11266:
11259:Second Cobadin
11229:
11228:
11227:
11210:
11109:
11107:
11014:
11013:
11012:
11000:
10988:
10976:
10951:
10923:United Kingdom
10869:Radomir Putnik
10840:Vladimir Vazov
10836:Stefan Nerezov
10828:Georgi Todorov
10824:Dimitar Geshov
10792:
10790:
10782:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10743:
10742:
10725:
10724:
10723:
10718:
10713:
10708:
10695:
10694:
10675:
10672:
10671:
10668:
10665:Romanian front
10662:
10651:
10645:
10642:
10641:
10634:
10633:
10626:
10619:
10611:
10602:
10601:
10599:
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10589:
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10574:
10567:
10562:
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10548:
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10534:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10503:
10498:
10497:
10496:
10491:
10483:
10477:
10475:
10473:Peace treaties
10472:
10469:
10468:
10466:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10430:
10425:
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10414:
10412:
10408:
10407:
10405:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10378:
10376:
10370:
10369:
10367:
10366:
10361:
10359:United Kingdom
10356:
10351:
10349:Ottoman Empire
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10320:
10318:
10311:
10306:
10303:
10302:
10299:
10298:
10296:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10274:
10273:
10268:
10263:
10253:
10251:Sack of Dinant
10248:
10243:
10238:
10237:
10236:
10231:
10230:
10229:
10215:
10213:
10207:
10206:
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10201:
10199:United Kingdom
10196:
10187:
10185:
10179:
10178:
10176:
10175:
10174:
10173:
10168:
10159:
10153:POW locations
10151:
10146:
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10133:
10127:
10126:
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9968:
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9962:
9961:
9960:
9953:United Kingdom
9950:
9948:Ottoman Empire
9945:
9940:
9934:
9932:
9925:
9924:
9922:Trench warfare
9919:
9918:
9917:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9886:
9885:
9874:
9872:
9865:
9861:
9860:
9857:
9856:
9854:
9853:
9847:
9841:
9835:
9829:
9828:
9827:
9821:
9815:
9809:
9798:
9792:
9786:
9780:
9774:
9768:
9762:
9756:
9750:
9744:
9738:
9732:
9726:
9720:
9714:
9708:
9702:
9695:
9693:
9689:
9688:
9686:
9685:
9679:
9673:
9667:
9661:
9655:
9649:
9643:
9638:
9635:Volta-Bani War
9632:
9626:
9620:
9614:
9608:
9602:
9596:
9590:
9584:
9577:
9575:
9571:
9570:
9568:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9480:Zeebrugge Raid
9477:
9472:
9467:
9461:
9459:
9453:
9452:
9450:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9363:
9361:
9355:
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9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9325:
9324:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9288:
9286:
9282:
9281:
9279:
9278:
9273:
9271:Battle of Loos
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9189:
9187:
9183:
9182:
9180:
9179:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9162:Black Sea raid
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9093:
9091:
9087:
9086:
9084:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9067:
9066:
9064:Historiography
9055:
9053:
9049:
9048:
9046:
9045:
9039:
9033:
9027:
9021:
9018:Bosnian Crisis
9015:
9012:Tangier Crisis
9009:
9003:
8997:
8990:
8988:
8981:
8975:
8974:
8971:
8970:
8968:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8945:Ottoman Empire
8942:
8937:
8932:
8926:
8924:
8922:Central Powers
8918:
8917:
8915:
8914:
8909:
8908:
8907:
8905:British Empire
8900:United Kingdom
8897:
8892:
8887:
8886:
8885:
8880:
8878:Russian Empire
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8854:
8853:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8832:
8831:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8800:
8798:
8796:Entente Powers
8789:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8777:
8776:
8774:
8773:
8768:
8767:
8766:
8764:North Atlantic
8755:
8753:
8747:
8746:
8744:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8727:
8725:
8719:
8718:
8716:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8689:
8687:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8677:
8675:Central Arabia
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8641:
8639:
8637:Middle Eastern
8633:
8632:
8630:
8629:
8624:
8623:
8622:
8612:
8607:
8606:
8605:
8594:
8592:
8583:
8579:
8578:
8576:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8538:Historiography
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8509:
8506:
8505:
8498:
8497:
8490:
8483:
8475:
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8461:
8458:
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8453:
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8411:
8406:
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8395:
8393:
8385:
8384:
8382:
8381:
8376:
8370:
8364:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8356:
8355:
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8349:
8348:
8347:
8337:
8336:
8335:
8330:
8320:
8310:
8304:
8298:
8294:
8293:
8291:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8279:
8278:
8268:
8267:
8266:
8256:
8251:
8245:
8243:
8239:
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8234:
8232:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8215:
8213:
8209:
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8205:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8183:
8182:
8177:
8167:
8162:
8156:
8154:
8148:
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8145:
8144:
8139:
8138:
8137:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8095:
8094:
8093:
8088:
8078:
8077:
8076:
8066:
8060:
8058:
8047:
8046:Accomplishment
8043:
8042:
8040:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8016:Prime Minister
8009:
7999:
7988:
7986:
7982:
7981:
7974:
7972:
7969:
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7955:
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7861:
7853:
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7755:
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7753:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7722:
7720:
7714:
7713:
7711:
7710:
7705:
7703:Urban planning
7700:
7695:
7694:
7693:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
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7648:
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7609:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7585:Stock Exchange
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7549:
7548:
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7542:
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7532:
7522:
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7502:
7497:
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7486:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7466:
7461:
7459:Prime Minister
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7440:
7439:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7418:
7417:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7381:
7375:
7369:
7368:
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7364:
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7306:
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7296:
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7269:
7264:
7259:
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7126:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7090:United Kingdom
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7040:Ottoman Empire
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
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6962:
6957:
6951:
6949:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6919:Ottoman Empire
6916:
6911:
6906:
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6896:
6891:
6886:
6880:
6878:
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6754:
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6729:
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6710:
6697:
6696:External links
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6399:
6379:
6370:
6364:(in Italian).
6353:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6323:
6311:
6298:
6296:, pp. 358–359
6285:
6283:, pp. 253–254
6272:
6259:
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6228:
6221:
6203:
6178:Newman, John.
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5752:(in Romanian).
5737:
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5721:(in Romanian).
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5510:
5508:, Grecu. p. 3.
5498:
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5434:
5425:
5413:
5401:
5389:
5377:
5365:
5363:, Damian, 2012
5346:
5331:
5319:
5312:
5294:Keith Hitchins
5285:
5278:
5272:. p. 57.
5254:
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4777:
4761:turkeyswar.com
4748:
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4709:(in Romanian).
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4676:White movement
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4484:Map after the
4483:
4476:
4474:
4468:Map after the
4467:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4448:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4347:Little Entente
4326:
4323:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4186:King Ferdinand
4113:Vrancea County
4070:Russian Fourth
4048:
4045:
3995:, 1.3 million
3973:trench warfare
3904:
3901:
3806:Prunaru Charge
3775:
3772:
3652:Prahova Valley
3467:Prahova Valley
3418:
3415:
3388:and created a
3231:Miercurea Ciuc
3129:
3106:
3103:
3076:Albano Laziale
3050:
3047:
2965:Liviu Rebreanu
2899:
2896:
2870:Main article:
2867:
2864:
2843:Bulgarian Army
2801:Atelierele CFR
2778:Lord Kitchener
2727:Ottoman Empire
2694:Triple Entente
2670:Atelierele CFR
2657:
2656:Before the war
2654:
2630:King Ferdinand
2620:following the
2618:Russian Empire
2610:Central Powers
2531:Central Powers
2504:"now or never"
2489:casus foederis
2477:casus foederis
2420:Central Powers
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2353:Peace treaties
2350:
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2344:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2332:
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2310:
2305:
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2240:
2231:Lozova station
2228:
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2037:
2032:
2020:
2008:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1836:Novogeorgievsk
1833:
1828:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1691:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1284:2nd Jiu Valley
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1240:1st Jiu Valley
1237:
1232:
1227:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1077:Northern front
1063:
1060:
1059:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1006:1 gunboat sunk
981:
980:
977:Romanian Corps
943:
879:
878:
874:
873:
872:
871:
867:Romanian Corps
798:
779:143,049 (1916)
753:
752:
748:
747:
734:French Mission
681:
680:
668:
656:
644:
632:
616:
601:Romanian Front
590:
511:
510:
509:Units involved
506:
505:
381:
287:
286:
282:
281:
232:Russian Empire
207:
205:Ottoman Empire
153:
152:
148:
147:
144:
143:
142:
141:
117:
116:
111:
101:Central Powers
96:
92:
91:
86:
84:
80:
79:
72:
64:
63:
49:
48:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11530:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11491:
11489:
11486:
11484:
11481:
11479:
11476:
11474:
11471:
11469:
11466:
11465:
11463:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11433:Stefan Toshev
11431:
11429:
11426:
11424:
11423:Nikola Zhekov
11421:
11419:
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11384:
11381:
11379:
11378:Boris Drangov
11376:
11374:
11371:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11345:
11341:
11337:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11325:
11324:
11323:
11322:
11321:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11300:
11299:
11298:
11297:
11292:
11291:
11287:
11283:
11279:
11276:
11275:
11269:
11265:
11264:
11260:
11256:
11252:
11251:First Cobadin
11248:
11244:
11240:
11239:
11238:
11232:
11226:
11221:
11216:
11215:
11213:
11209:
11208:
11204:
11200:
11198:
11183:
11179:
11175:
11173:
11159:
11157:
11156:
11151:
11150:
11146:
11142:
11141:Stefan Toshev
11138:
11134:
11133:Nikola Zhekov
11130:
11129:
11127:
11112:
11108:
11106:
11105:
11101:
11097:
11093:
11092:
11091:
11086:
11085:
11081:
11080:2nd Crna Bend
11077:
11073:
11072:
11071:
11066:
11065:
11061:
11057:
11053:
11049:
11048:
11047:
11042:
11041:
11037:
11033:
11029:
11025:
11024:
11023:
11017:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10999:
10994:
10989:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10975:
10974:Eleventh Army
10970:
10962:
10957:
10956:
10954:
10950:
10949:
10945:
10932:
10928:
10924:
10911:
10907:
10903:
10899:
10886:
10882:
10881:Petar Bojović
10878:
10874:
10873:Živojin Mišić
10870:
10866:
10864:
10850:
10848:
10847:
10842:
10841:
10837:
10833:
10829:
10825:
10821:
10817:
10816:Nikola Zhekov
10813:
10812:
10810:
10795:
10791:
10786:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10751:
10750:
10749:
10748:
10741:
10738:
10737:
10736:
10735:
10734:
10728:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10707:
10704:
10703:
10702:
10701:
10700:
10693:
10690:
10689:
10688:
10687:
10686:
10680:
10679:
10674:
10673:
10669:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10657:
10652:
10649:
10648:
10643:
10639:
10632:
10627:
10625:
10620:
10618:
10613:
10612:
10609:
10597:
10594:
10593:
10590:
10580:
10579:
10575:
10573:
10572:
10568:
10566:
10563:
10561:
10560:
10556:
10555:
10553:
10549:
10539:
10536:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10508:
10507:
10504:
10502:
10499:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10486:
10484:
10482:
10479:
10478:
10476:
10470:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10415:
10413:
10409:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10379:
10377:
10375:
10371:
10365:
10364:United States
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10321:
10319:
10315:
10312:
10309:
10304:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10262:
10259:
10258:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10235:
10232:
10228:
10225:
10224:
10223:
10220:
10219:
10217:
10216:
10214:
10212:
10208:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10191:
10189:
10188:
10186:
10184:
10180:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10154:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10143:
10140:
10139:
10137:
10136:
10134:
10132:
10128:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10111:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10100:
10099:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10079:
10077:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10064:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10056:
10054:
10050:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10030:
10028:
10024:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9996:
9993:
9992:
9990:
9989:
9987:
9981:
9976:
9966:
9965:United States
9963:
9959:
9956:
9955:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9935:
9933:
9929:
9923:
9920:
9916:
9915:Convoy system
9913:
9912:
9911:
9910:Naval warfare
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9884:
9881:
9880:
9879:
9876:
9875:
9873:
9869:
9866:
9862:
9851:
9848:
9845:
9842:
9839:
9836:
9833:
9830:
9825:
9822:
9819:
9816:
9813:
9810:
9807:
9804:
9803:
9802:
9799:
9796:
9793:
9790:
9787:
9784:
9781:
9778:
9775:
9772:
9769:
9766:
9763:
9760:
9757:
9754:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9742:
9739:
9736:
9733:
9730:
9727:
9724:
9721:
9718:
9715:
9712:
9709:
9706:
9703:
9700:
9697:
9696:
9694:
9690:
9683:
9680:
9677:
9674:
9671:
9670:Kaocen revolt
9668:
9665:
9664:Easter Rising
9662:
9659:
9656:
9653:
9650:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9636:
9633:
9630:
9627:
9624:
9621:
9618:
9615:
9612:
9609:
9606:
9603:
9600:
9597:
9594:
9591:
9588:
9585:
9582:
9579:
9578:
9576:
9572:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9462:
9460:
9458:
9454:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9364:
9362:
9360:
9356:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9323:
9320:
9319:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9289:
9287:
9283:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9236:Great Retreat
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9211:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9190:
9188:
9184:
9178:
9175:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9107:Battle of Cer
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9094:
9092:
9088:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9065:
9062:
9061:
9060:
9057:
9056:
9054:
9050:
9043:
9040:
9037:
9034:
9031:
9028:
9025:
9024:Agadir Crisis
9022:
9019:
9016:
9013:
9010:
9007:
9004:
9001:
8998:
8995:
8992:
8991:
8989:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8976:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8927:
8925:
8923:
8919:
8913:
8912:United States
8910:
8906:
8903:
8902:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8875:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8852:
8849:
8848:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8830:
8829:French Empire
8827:
8826:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8797:
8793:
8790:
8782:
8772:
8771:Mediterranean
8769:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8760:
8757:
8756:
8754:
8752:
8751:Naval warfare
8748:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8728:
8726:
8724:
8720:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8690:
8688:
8686:
8682:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8642:
8640:
8638:
8634:
8628:
8627:Italian Front
8625:
8621:
8618:
8617:
8616:
8615:Eastern Front
8613:
8611:
8610:Western Front
8608:
8604:
8601:
8600:
8599:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8591:
8587:
8584:
8580:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8568:Puppet states
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8510:
8507:
8503:
8496:
8491:
8489:
8484:
8482:
8477:
8476:
8473:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8435:
8433:
8431:
8427:
8421:
8418:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8396:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8371:
8368:
8365:
8363:Commemoration
8361:
8353:
8350:
8346:
8343:
8342:
8341:
8338:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8325:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8308:Moldavian SSR
8306:
8305:
8302:
8299:
8295:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8277:
8274:
8273:
8272:
8269:
8265:
8262:
8261:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8240:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8210:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8172:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8157:
8155:
8149:
8143:
8140:
8136:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8100:
8099:
8096:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8083:
8082:
8079:
8075:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8057:
8051:
8048:
8044:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8027:Iancu Flondor
8025:
8023:
8020:
8017:
8013:
8010:
8007:
8003:
8000:
7997:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7983:
7978:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7934:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7910:
7906:
7903:
7899:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7874:
7869:
7867:
7862:
7860:
7855:
7854:
7851:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7830:
7825:
7821:
7818:
7814:
7813:
7809:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7752:
7749:
7748:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7719:
7715:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7623:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7611:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7560:National Bank
7558:
7556:
7550:
7546:
7545:petrochemical
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7510:Foreign trade
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7487:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7438:
7435:
7434:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7416:
7413:
7412:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7382:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7370:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7188:
7184:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7156:
7151:
7149:
7144:
7142:
7137:
7136:
7133:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7106:
7099:
7095:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7020:Liechtenstein
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6946:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6875:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6863:United States
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6844:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6788:
6783:
6775:
6770:
6768:
6763:
6761:
6756:
6755:
6752:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6723:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6700:
6699:
6690:
6686:
6683:
6680:
6676:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6653:
6649:
6646:
6643:
6642:Slavic Review
6639:
6636:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6623:9780700620951
6619:
6615:
6611:
6606:
6602:
6600:0-391-04097-9
6596:
6592:
6591:
6585:
6581:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6564:
6560:
6559:
6553:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6540:
6537:
6533:
6530:
6526:
6523:
6520:
6519:The Great War
6516:
6513:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6486:
6481:
6477:
6472:
6469:(27–28): 1–5.
6468:
6464:
6457:
6452:
6449:(in Romanian)
6446:
6442:
6438:
6434:
6428:
6424:
6419:
6415:
6409:
6405:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6387:The Great War
6384:
6380:
6376:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6354:
6350:
6345:
6344:
6333:
6327:
6320:
6315:
6308:
6302:
6295:
6289:
6282:
6276:
6269:
6263:
6256:
6250:
6242:
6238:
6232:
6224:
6218:
6214:
6207:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6164:John Keegan,
6161:
6154:
6148:
6141:
6138:René Greger,
6135:
6128:
6122:
6115:
6109:
6102:
6097:
6095:
6087:
6082:
6075:
6070:
6068:
6060:
6055:
6048:
6044:
6039:(in Romanian)
6035:
6028:
6022:
6015:
6009:
6002:
5996:
5989:
5983:
5976:
5971:(in Romanian)
5967:
5960:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5943:
5938:
5931:
5926:
5924:
5916:
5910:
5903:
5898:
5891:
5885:
5878:
5872:
5865:
5859:
5851:
5849:9789004206946
5845:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5825:
5816:
5809:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5790:
5784:
5777:
5772:
5765:
5759:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5734:
5728:
5720:
5716:
5710:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5686:
5679:
5674:
5667:
5661:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5636:
5627:
5618:
5612:, pp. 282–283
5611:
5606:
5597:
5590:
5584:
5577:
5571:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5514:
5507:
5502:
5495:
5490:
5483:
5478:
5476:
5468:
5463:
5461:
5451:
5444:
5438:
5429:
5422:
5417:
5410:
5405:
5398:
5393:
5386:
5381:
5374:
5369:
5362:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5343:
5338:
5336:
5329:, p. 51.
5328:
5327:Erlikman 2004
5323:
5315:
5313:9780198221265
5309:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5281:
5279:9780875861845
5275:
5271:
5267:
5266:
5258:
5251:
5245:
5238:
5232:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5208:
5202:
5193:
5186:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5167:
5165:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5144:
5142:
5134:
5130:
5124:
5122:
5115:, 2013), 109.
5114:
5110:
5104:
5098:
5097:0-7183-0068-8
5094:
5090:
5085:
5078:
5075:John Keegan,
5072:
5065:
5059:
5052:
5051:The Great War
5049:Cyril Falls,
5046:
5039:
5033:
5025:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5006:
4992:
4990:9781405123860
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4953:
4951:9780810858206
4947:
4943:
4939:
4938:
4930:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4909:
4902:
4896:
4889:
4883:
4874:
4865:
4856:
4849:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4806:
4799:
4793:
4786:
4781:
4767:on 2013-12-02
4766:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4745:
4740:
4731:
4725:
4721:
4716:
4708:
4704:
4697:
4693:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4667:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4631:
4626:
4619:
4614:
4607:
4602:
4595:
4590:
4583:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4567:
4562:
4560:
4555:
4553:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4533:
4524:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4480:
4475:
4471:
4464:
4459:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4420:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4402:
4400:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4361:the war ended
4358:
4354:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4281:
4276:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4110:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4034:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3921:
3917:
3909:
3900:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3871:
3870:Romanian Navy
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3848:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3783:(part of the
3782:
3768:
3767:von Mackensen
3765:Fieldmarshal
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3621:Stefan Toshev
3614:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3584:
3578:
3574:
3573:Stefan Toshev
3569:
3565:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3503:Ion Dragalina
3500:
3496:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3458:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3178:
3177:Northern Army
3174:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3091:Italian front
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3055:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3039:Samoilă Mârza
3036:
3033:, as well as
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3019:Emil Rebreanu
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2919:
2915:
2914:Emil Rebreanu
2910:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2882:gun carriages
2879:
2873:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2822:Romanian Army
2816:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2766:Ilustraţiunea
2763:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2515:Eastern Front
2512:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2401:Central Power
2398:
2397:Allied powers
2394:
2390:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2336:Naval warfare
2335:
2334:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:Hetman's coup
2301:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1972:Kostiuchnówka
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:Riga-Schaulen
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:2nd Przasnysz
1824:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1815:Great Retreat
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:1st Przasnysz
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:Humin-Bolimów
1711:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:Lupovsky Pass
1663:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1604:
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1601:
1597:
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1587:
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1576:
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1499:
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1492:
1489:
1487:
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1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1452:Eastern Front
1445:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:1917 Campaign
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:Râmnicu Sărat
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
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1288:
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1285:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:3rd Petroșani
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Mount Cindrel
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:2nd Petroșani
1110:
1108:
1107:1st Petroșani
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:1916 Campaign
1061:
1056:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1013:
1010:
1001:
995:6,000 wounded
991:
986:
978:
975:
974:
973:
972:
967:
955:
950:
944:
942:
933:
922:
913:
904:
895:
886:
881:
880:
875:
868:
864:
863:
862:
858:
849:
843:
836:
827:
818:
809:
803:
799:
797:39,000 (1917)
794:
788:20,000 (1916)
785:
776:
767:
760:
755:
754:
749:
746:
745:Romanian Navy
741:
735:
730:
724:
719:
713:
702:
697:
691:
686:
679:
669:
667:
662:
657:
655:
650:
645:
643:
633:
631:
627:
617:
615:
605:
604:
603:
602:
597:
591:
589:
584:
578:
573:
567:
562:
556:
551:
545:
540:
534:
529:
523:
518:
513:
512:
507:
504:
499:
493:
488:
481:
469:
458:
447:
442:
436:
431:
425:
420:
414:
409:
403:
398:
392:
387:
382:
380:
375:
369:
368:Stefan Toshev
364:
358:
353:
346:
341:
334:
333:Archduke Karl
329:
323:
318:
311:
306:
299:
294:
289:
288:
283:
278:
265:
264:Supported by:
260:
246:
233:
221:
208:
206:
193:
180:
167:
155:
154:
149:
140:
136:
132:
131:Saint-Germain
128:
125:
124:
123:
121:
115:
112:
110:
107:
106:
105:
102:
97:
94:
93:
89:
85:
82:
81:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
42:Eastern Front
38:
33:
19:
11319:
11318:
11317:
11295:
11294:
11293:
11273:
11272:
11271:
11267:
11241:
11236:
11235:
11234:
11230:
11212:Field Armies
11211:
11186:
11161:
11160:
11153:
11152:
11131:
11115:
11114:
11110:
11094:
11089:
11088:
11087:
11074:
11069:
11068:
11067:
11050:
11045:
11044:
11043:
11026:
11021:
11020:
11019:
11015:
10953:Field Armies
10952:
10935:
10931:George Milne
10914:
10889:
10852:
10851:
10844:
10843:
10814:
10798:
10797:
10793:
10779:Mobilization
10746:
10745:
10744:
10732:
10731:
10730:
10726:
10698:
10697:
10696:
10684:
10683:
10682:
10676:
10664:
10576:
10569:
10557:
10164: /
10096:
9931:Conscription
9895:Cryptography
9832:Iraqi Revolt
9266:Siege of Kut
9209:
8867:
8787:participants
8736:German Samoa
8670:South Arabia
8619:
8409:Bukovina Day
8323:Transnistria
8318:Independence
8212:Unifications
8204:(unenforced)
8160:Sfatul Țării
8053:
7731:Architecture
7661:Prostitution
7631:Demographics
7535:construction
7410:Human rights
7390:Constitution
7257:World War II
7246:
7054:
6827:South Africa
6732:
6730:
6688:
6681:
6678:
6668:
6661:
6654:
6651:
6644:
6641:
6634:
6631:
6612:. Lawrence:
6609:
6589:
6568:
6557:
6548:
6545:Keegan, John
6538:
6535:
6528:
6518:
6515:Falls, Cyril
6508:
6501:
6484:
6475:
6466:
6462:
6444:
6440:
6422:
6403:
6386:
6374:
6365:
6361:
6348:
6341:Bibliography
6331:
6326:
6318:
6314:
6306:
6301:
6293:
6288:
6280:
6275:
6267:
6262:
6254:
6249:
6240:
6231:
6212:
6206:
6194:. Retrieved
6173:
6165:
6160:
6152:
6147:
6139:
6134:
6126:
6121:
6113:
6108:
6100:
6085:
6081:
6073:
6058:
6054:
6046:
6042:
6034:
6026:
6021:
6013:
6008:
6000:
5995:
5987:
5982:
5974:
5966:
5958:
5941:
5937:
5929:
5914:
5909:
5901:
5897:
5889:
5884:
5876:
5871:
5863:
5858:
5834:
5824:
5815:
5807:
5788:
5783:
5775:
5771:
5763:
5758:
5749:
5740:
5732:
5727:
5718:
5709:
5701:
5696:
5685:
5677:
5673:
5665:
5660:
5635:
5626:
5617:
5609:
5605:
5596:
5588:
5583:
5575:
5570:
5557:
5553:
5540:
5531:
5522:
5513:
5505:
5501:
5493:
5489:
5481:
5466:
5450:
5442:
5437:
5428:
5416:
5404:
5392:
5380:
5368:
5360:
5322:
5298:
5288:
5264:
5257:
5249:
5244:
5236:
5231:
5223:
5214:
5206:
5201:
5192:
5187:, 1995), 51.
5183:(Annapolis:
5180:
5166:(2012): 168.
5163:
5162:
5158:
5128:
5108:
5103:
5088:
5084:
5076:
5071:
5063:
5058:
5050:
5045:
5037:
5032:
5012:
5005:
4994:. Retrieved
4976:
4966:
4955:. Retrieved
4936:
4929:
4913:
4908:
4900:
4895:
4887:
4882:
4873:
4864:
4855:
4847:
4842:
4828:
4820:
4805:
4797:
4792:
4784:
4780:
4769:. Retrieved
4765:the original
4760:
4751:
4743:
4739:
4730:
4719:
4715:
4706:
4696:
4670:
4569:
4564:
4557:
4548:
4538:
4536:
4529:
4403:
4396:
4369:
4350:
4319:
4303:
4266:signing the
4233:
4227:
4223:
4216:
4214:
4209:
4199:
4191:
4136:
4106:
4075:
4050:
4038:
4032:
4030:
3977:
3969:
3954:
3942:
3937:Danube Delta
3925:
3893:
3875:
3862:Danube Delta
3851:
3846:
3844:
3815:was captured
3794:
3777:
3753:
3745:
3736:
3728:
3725:Albatros W.4
3703:
3687:
3674:Erwin Rommel
3659:
3645:
3637:Danube Delta
3618:
3612:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3537:Viktor Kühne
3526:
3492:
3484:Dragoslavele
3463:
3420:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3380:
3372:
3341:
3339:
3264:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3194:through the
3188:Hypothesis Z
3166:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3111:Raid on Ruse
3088:
3083:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3026:
3023:Oberleutnant
3014:
3002:
2990:
2978:
2969:
2962:
2936:
2923:
2885:
2875:
2859:
2851:
2847:Ottoman Army
2837:border (the
2819:
2800:
2787:
2771:
2765:
2734:
2732:
2702:
2698:
2674:
2669:
2646:Transylvania
2571:
2554:Hypothesis Z
2551:
2539:Transylvania
2533:of Germany,
2510:
2508:
2503:
2497:"unprovoked"
2496:
2470:
2460:made loans,
2442:Transylvania
2424:
2413:
2386:
2164:
2111:
1954:
1911:Death Island
1903:
1896:
1813:
1769:
1755:1st Courland
1681:
1657:
1610:
1598:
1527:
1496:Gross-Bresau
1473:
1408:
1361:
1360:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1245:Dragoslavele
1215:Cinghinarele
1131:
1072:Transylvania
1064:
1052:
1008:
989:
970:
957:335,706 dead
953:
945:
940:
841:
801:
800:
712:Dobruja Army
592:
446:Mihail Aslan
263:
234:(until 1917)
151:Belligerents
118:
98:
40:Part of the
11010:Fourth Army
10998:Second Army
10927:Bryan Mahon
10678:Balkan Wars
10194:Netherlands
10171:Switzerland
10052:Occupations
10043:Spanish flu
9820:(1919–1922)
9814:(1918–1921)
9808:(1918–1923)
9797:(1919–1921)
9791:(1919–1921)
9785:(1919–1920)
9761:(1918–1920)
9755:(1918–1920)
9749:(1918–1920)
9731:(1918–1920)
9713:(1918–1920)
9707:(1917–1921)
9701:(1917–1921)
9648:(1916-1918)
9646:Arab Revolt
9637:(1915–1917)
9631:(1915–1917)
9619:(1914-1917)
9613:(1914–1917)
9607:(1914–1921)
9601:(1913–1920)
9589:(1910–1920)
9583:(1900–1920)
9081:July Crisis
9002:(1880–1914)
8665:Mesopotamia
8543:Home fronts
8502:World War I
8399:Dobruja Day
8056:World War I
8037:Iuliu Maniu
8032:Pan Halippa
7892:Marea Unire
7887:Great Union
7646:Immigration
7490:Agriculture
7309:Earthquakes
7247:World War I
7227:Middle Ages
7217:Roman Dacia
7120:New Zealand
7080:Switzerland
7030:Netherlands
6802:East Africa
6782:World War I
6780:History of
6196:24 February
6166:World War I
6088:pp. 834–835
6061:pp. 833–834
5944:pp. 832–833
5750:historia.ro
5421:Marble 2018
5409:Cazacu 2013
5397:Șerban 2000
5385:Părean 2002
5373:Șerban 1997
5342:Damian 2012
4543:John Buchan
4440:Map of the
4426:World War I
4168:Siret River
4118:Gerok Group
4100:during the
3997:F1 grenades
3933:Siret River
3889:Siret River
3692:during the
3678:Württemberg
3666:Vulcan Pass
3258:within the
3256:Cerna River
3196:Carpathians
3180: [
3150:Romanians!
3132:Romanians!
2995:Dănilă Papp
2983:Ioan Boeriu
2797:Armored car
2751:John Keegan
2742:Cyril Falls
2519:World War I
2438:Ferdinand I
2427:World War I
2393:World War I
2328:Motovilivka
2277: [
2258: [
2246: [
2234: [
2210: [
2198: [
2186: [
2174: [
2165:Faustschlag
2077: [
2026: [
2014: [
2002: [
1940:Lake Naroch
1914: [
1843:Vistula-Bug
1809:Kraupishken
1804:3rd Osowiec
1760:2nd Bolimów
1750:2nd Osowiec
1697: [
1683:Carpathians
1659:Bzura-Rawka
1643:Krzywopłoty
1594:1st Osowiec
1573: [
1570:Jarosławice
1545:Zolota Lypa
1535:1st Kraśnik
1511:Abschwangen
1481:Stallupönen
1203:2nd Cobadin
1198:1st Cobadin
533:Danube Army
435:Ioan Culcer
391:Ferdinand I
46:World War I
11462:Categories
11408:Ivan Lukov
11393:Ivan Kolev
11225:Third Army
11149:Ivan Kolev
11111:Commanders
10986:First Army
10832:Ivan Lukov
10794:Commanders
10727:Neutrality
10411:Agreements
10211:War crimes
10087:Luxembourg
9980:Casualties
8858:Montenegro
8693:South West
8573:Technology
8563:Propaganda
8553:Opposition
8054:Romania in
7901:Background
7788:Philosophy
7773:Literature
7656:Minorities
7641:Healthcare
7554:(currency)
7530:automotive
7444:Parliament
7405:Government
7359:Topography
7272:Since 1989
7267:Revolution
7025:Luxembourg
6395:1088102671
4996:2014-03-02
4957:2014-03-02
4916:. Moscow.
4835:equates to
4771:2015-05-19
4689:References
4380:Alba Iulia
4152:Târgu Ocna
4125:which the
4011:and seven
3993:Lewis guns
3920:Fahrpanzer
3721:Rumpler 6B
3683:Ninth Army
3661:Alpenkorps
3656:Jiu Valley
3529:Jiu Valley
3442:Turnu Roșu
3390:bridgehead
3323:Baltic Sea
3271:Third Army
3157:FERDINAND
3109:See also:
3015:Locotenent
2902:See also:
2887:Fahrpanzer
2880:, and 332
2749:historian
2614:Bessarabia
2475:invoked a
2450:The Allies
2342:Baltic Sea
2296:Sevastopol
2149:Bessarabia
1984:2nd Kekava
1950:Stolovichy
1945:1st Kekava
1550:Gnila Lipa
1506:Tannenberg
1469:Wierzbołów
1393:Bessarabia
1269:Olt Valley
1210:1st Orșova
993:3,000 dead
861:1,000,000
11348:Ferdinand
10685:1912–1913
10308:Diplomacy
10015:Olympians
9938:Australia
9905:Logistics
9838:Vlora War
9767:(1918–19)
9743:(1918–19)
9737:(1918–19)
9725:(1918–19)
9672:(1916–17)
9654:(1916–17)
9605:Zaian War
9595:(1914–15)
9322:first day
9210:Lusitania
9038:(1912–13)
9032:(1911–12)
9020:(1908–09)
9014:(1905–06)
8996:(1870–71)
8785:Principal
8645:Gallipoli
8548:Memorials
8533:Geography
8523:Aftermath
8430:Centenary
8297:Aftermath
8153:documents
7686:Romanians
7651:Languages
7636:Education
7600:Transport
7580:Squatting
7454:President
7422:Judiciary
7395:Elections
7339:Mountains
7282:Geography
7115:Australia
6924:Palestine
6894:Hong Kong
6868:Venezuela
6593:. Brill.
6406:. Brill.
5113:Routledge
4532:Mackensen
4250:Aftermath
4218:The Times
4096:Romanian
4083:Mărășești
4058:Nămoloasa
4037:NMS
3989:Chauchats
3963:, inside
3876:Elisabeta
3874:NMS
3735:NMS
3704:Elisabeta
3702:NMS
3690:Constanța
3633:Cernavodă
3629:Constanța
3593:cruiser,
3590:Elisabeta
3588:NMS
3557:Olt River
3533:Petroșani
3499:Jiu River
3480:Câmpulung
3379:NMS
3356:Kurtbunar
3319:Topraisar
3291:Turtucaia
3287:Constanța
3252:capturing
3207:Bujorescu
3202:Rândunica
3200:NMS
3125:Bucharest
2999:Hauptmann
2950:Mărășești
2912:Leutnant
2856:writing:
2799:built at
2783:Whitehall
2668:built at
2650:Compiègne
2578:Mărășești
2495:were not
2347:Black Sea
2291:Salt Lake
2123:Zhmerynka
2086:Krechowce
2069:July Days
2011:Schmarden
1967:Mamornița
1882:Grubeshov
1821:Bug-Narew
1738:Kalvarija
1689:Rafajlowa
1677:Cârlibaba
1653:Łowczówek
1612:San River
1501:Gumbinnen
1380:3rd Oituz
1375:Mărășești
1312:Bucharest
1305:Robănești
1290:2nd Oituz
1257:Úz Valley
1235:Sălătrucu
1230:1st Oituz
1188:Turtucaia
60:Mărășești
11126:Bulgaria
10809:Bulgaria
10650:Prelude
10596:Category
10183:Refugees
10149:Italians
10138:Germans
10098:Ober Ost
9878:Aviation
8979:Timeline
8950:Bulgaria
8731:Tsingtao
8708:Togoland
8655:Caucasus
8590:European
8582:Theatres
8392:Holidays
7908:Ideology
7833:Category
7763:Folklore
7681:Religion
7676:Refugees
7575:Services
7525:Industry
7515:Forestry
7432:Military
7373:Politics
7304:Counties
7195:Timeline
7166:articles
7050:Portugal
6970:Bulgaria
6884:Caucasus
6846:Americas
6812:Ethiopia
6385:(1961).
6330:Torrey,
6305:Torrey,
6187:Archived
6168:, p. 308
6155:, p. 327
6142:, p. 142
5904:, p. 166
5892:, p. 999
5879:, p. 485
5866:, p. 422
5832:(2011).
5296:(1994).
5252:, p. 272
5222:, 2013,
5152:Archived
5079:, p. 306
4924:. p. 51.
4890:, p. 147
4821:Romanian
4813:Archived
4800:, p. 295
4746:, p. 283
4707:Historia
4641:See also
4406:Budapest
4314:Ploiești
3987:, 2,628
3961:Dniester
3935:and the
3836:Muntenia
3828:Moldavia
3750:Flotilla
3641:Svishtov
3608:Brătianu
3577:Medgidia
3571:General
3431:attacked
3348:Flămânda
3327:Bukovina
3307:Silistra
3279:Dobrudja
3242:and the
3154:of God!
3080:Avezzano
3011:Leutnant
2931:Italians
2878:caissons
2845:and the
2710:Bulgaria
2598:Bulgaria
2547:Bulgaria
2313:Dibrivka
2226:Bakhmach
2159:Rarańcza
2101:2nd Riga
1858:1st Riga
1765:Pakosław
1648:Limanowa
1623:Mołotków
1618:Przemyśl
1589:Augustów
1295:Zimnicea
1193:Bazargic
1166:Flămânda
1156:Bulgaria
1092:Șelimbăr
869:: 1,000+
751:Strength
701:3rd Army
690:4th Army
678:8th Army
666:1st Army
654:2nd Army
642:9th Army
630:6th Army
614:4th Army
566:VI Corps
555:3rd Army
544:1st Army
522:9th Army
192:Bulgaria
83:Location
11296:Outcome
11268:Outcome
11231:Battles
11172:Romania
11155:Entente
11016:Battles
10846:Entente
10334:Germany
10234:Germany
10162:Germany
10082:Belgium
10067:Albania
10026:Disease
10006:Sports
9958:Ireland
9871:Warfare
9864:Aspects
9059:Origins
9052:Prelude
8955:Senussi
8935:Germany
8930:Leaders
8868:Romania
8809:Belgium
8804:Leaders
8703:Kamerun
8685:African
8620:Romania
8598:Balkans
8513:Outline
7985:Figures
7817:Outline
7746:Cuisine
7726:Academy
7718:Culture
7708:Welfare
7691:Gypsies
7614:Society
7595:Tourism
7500:Exports
7478:Economy
7329:Islands
7299:Climate
7242:Kingdom
7200:ancient
7187:History
7162:Romania
7108:Oceania
7098:Ireland
7085:Ukraine
7055:Romania
7010:Ireland
7005:Hungary
6995:Germany
6985:Estonia
6980:Denmark
6975:Croatia
6965:Belgium
6955:Albania
6934:Vietnam
6822:Morocco
6817:Liberia
6718:Romania
6703:Romania
6671:(2012)
6309:, p. 27
6129:, p. 29
5239:, p. 20
5226:, p. 19
5040:, p. 56
4504:Map of
4355:on the
4270:in 1918
4120:of the
4079:Mărăști
4066:Focșani
4054:Focșani
4033:Smârdan
3965:Ukraine
3885:Focșani
3840:Dobruja
3832:Oltenia
3810:Roșiori
3801:Neajlov
3599:Siretul
3553:Craiova
3497:on the
3471:Predeal
3352:Cobadin
3315:Amzacea
3311:Dobrich
3301:at the
3227:Făgăraș
3211:Catinca
3121:Entente
3003:Căpitan
2991:Colonel
2946:Mărăști
2920:in gold
2815:Entente
2811:British
2723:Britain
2706:Dobruja
2666:mantlet
2626:Romania
2606:Germany
2594:Dobruja
2574:Mărăști
2558:Giurgiu
2523:Romania
2521:, with
2501:Entente
2493:Austria
2481:Romania
2464:sent a
2458:Britain
2446:Hungary
2416:Entente
2409:Germany
2144:Finland
2023:Lysonia
1923:Smorgon
1848:Jastków
1794:Rokitna
1782:Syniava
1706:Makivka
1560:Gorodek
1540:Komarow
1529:Galicia
1491:Kaushen
1370:Mărăști
1354:Focșani
1334:Retreat
1317:Prunaru
1300:Slatina
1225:Predeal
1183:Dobruja
1097:Livadia
954:535,700
907:30,250+
889:191,000
852:400,000
812:658,088
770:750,000
220:Romania
166:Germany
139:Trianon
135:Neuilly
88:Romania
11320:Others
11197:Russia
11194:
11169:
11123:
10942:
10921:
10898:France
10896:
10863:Serbia
10860:
10806:
10354:Russia
10329:France
10157:Canada
10072:Serbia
9943:Canada
9900:Horses
9852:(1921)
9846:(1920)
9840:(1920)
9834:(1920)
9826:(1920)
9779:(1919)
9773:(1919)
9719:(1918)
9684:(1918)
9678:(1917)
9666:(1916)
9660:(1916)
9625:(1915)
9044:(1913)
9026:(1911)
9008:(1905)
8965:Darfur
8890:Serbia
8873:Russia
8836:Greece
8824:France
8814:Brazil
8660:Persia
8603:Serbia
7936:Events
7838:Portal
7768:Humour
7741:Cinema
7671:Racism
7540:mining
7495:Energy
7349:Rivers
7294:Cities
7177:Topics
7164:
7075:Sweden
7065:Serbia
7060:Russia
7045:Poland
7035:Norway
7000:Greece
6990:France
6948:Europe
6858:Canada
6853:Brazil
6797:Angola
6790:Africa
6720:, in:
6705:, in:
6664:(1998)
6620:
6597:
6576:
6485:Apulum
6429:
6410:
6393:
6321:p. 366
6219:
6103:p. 835
6076:p. 834
5961:p. 833
5932:p. 832
5917:p. 295
5846:
5810:p. 831
5591:, p. 6
5564:: 7–8.
5310:
5276:
5095:
5053:p. 228
5020:
4987:
4948:
4920:
4552:Presan
4388:Mediaș
4345:, and
4298:, and
4160:Odessa
4148:Trotuș
3991:, 108
3983:, 197
3931:, the
3881:Danube
3866:Tulcea
3858:Brăila
3698:Sulina
3668:. The
3603:Mircea
3595:Năluca
3495:fights
3447:Brașov
3438:Vulcan
3407:Barsch
3403:Szamos
3395:Bodrog
3369:Sulina
3317:, and
3283:Danube
3229:, and
3223:Brașov
3173:Second
3123:side,
2987:Oberst
2719:France
2715:Allied
2580:, and
2527:Russia
2462:France
2454:Turkey
2308:Kaniów
2286:Sivash
2269:Crimea
2243:Donbas
2112:Albion
2062:Zboriv
1928:Zurnvo
1799:Tarłów
1789:Konary
1638:Kraków
1388:Galați
1349:Brăila
1262:Ghimeș
1149:Brașov
1144:Bărcuț
971:50,000
916:20,000
898:96,600
830:20,000
821:30,000
626:Danube
277:France
274:
259:Serbia
256:
247:(1917)
242:
217:
202:
189:
176:
163:
137:, and
120:Allied
95:Result
10551:Other
10344:Japan
10339:Italy
10166:camps
10010:Rugby
8846:Japan
8841:Italy
8819:China
8713:North
8006:Queen
7824:Index
7793:Sport
7783:Music
7778:Media
7626:Crime
7334:Lakes
7319:Flora
7314:Fauna
7212:Dacia
7094:Wales
7070:Spain
7015:Italy
6939:Yemen
6914:Japan
6899:India
6889:China
6807:Egypt
6745:>
6731:<
6459:(PDF)
6334:p. 65
6270:p.192
6190:(PDF)
6183:(PDF)
5560:(4).
5550:(PDF)
4663:Notes
4144:Oituz
4140:Adjud
4087:Oituz
4039:Smeul
4007:, 14
3999:, 84
3854:Măcin
3823:Siret
3797:Argeș
3755:UC-23
3746:UC-15
3742:Varna
3737:Smeul
3730:UC-15
3488:Racoș
3434:Sibiu
3427:Hațeg
3411:Körös
3399:Körös
3381:Smeul
3374:UB-42
3260:Banat
3235:Sibiu
3184:]
3169:First
2954:Oituz
2835:Greek
2708:with
2582:Oituz
2565:only
2485:Italy
2444:from
2281:]
2262:]
2250:]
2238:]
2219:Narva
2214:]
2202:]
2190:]
2178:]
2171:Keila
2091:Krevo
2081:]
2030:]
2018:]
2006:]
1977:Kowel
1962:Lutsk
1918:]
1905:Vilno
1898:Rovno
1877:Rasna
1863:Kovno
1831:Narew
1733:Memel
1728:Łomża
1701:]
1577:]
1486:Orlau
1339:Buzău
1327:Argeș
1133:Sibiu
1127:Colun
1117:Roșia
990:9,000
979:: 500
842:1917:
839:1,600
802:1916:
11274:1918
11237:1916
11090:1918
11070:1917
11046:1916
11022:1915
10747:1915
10733:1914
10699:1913
10131:POWs
9457:1918
9359:1917
9285:1916
9186:1915
9090:1914
8895:Siam
8698:East
7996:King
7758:Flag
7751:Wine
7552:Leu
7415:LGBT
6929:Siam
6909:Iraq
6904:Iran
6877:Asia
6618:ISBN
6595:ISBN
6574:ISBN
6427:ISBN
6408:ISBN
6391:OCLC
6217:ISBN
6198:2019
5844:ISBN
5308:ISBN
5274:ISBN
5093:ISBN
5018:ISBN
4985:ISBN
4946:ISBN
4918:ISBN
4512:.
4392:Cluj
4278:The
4226:SMS
4208:SMS
4146:and
4107:The
4085:and
3897:Iași
3799:and
3723:and
3541:Riga
3486:and
3476:Bran
3440:and
3401:and
3354:and
3215:Ruse
3209:and
3175:and
3043:Riga
3009:and
2952:and
2820:The
2735:see
2721:and
2664:Gun
2525:and
2509:The
2483:and
2431:King
2387:The
2133:1918
2046:1917
1999:Misa
1934:1916
1892:Prut
1671:1915
1633:Łódź
1555:Rawa
1463:1914
1161:Ruse
1102:Baru
71:Date
11098:•
7736:Art
6467:3–4
4228:Inn
4210:Inn
4178:).
3325:to
2967:'s
2740:);
2596:to
2517:of
2479:on
44:of
11464::
11288:•
11284:•
11280:•
11261:•
11257:•
11253:•
11249:•
11245:•
11205:•
11201::
11184:;
11180:•
11176::
11158::
11147:•
11143:•
11139:•
11135:•
11102:•
11082:•
11078:•
11062:•
11058:•
11054:•
11038:•
11034:•
11030:•
10946::
10933:;
10929:•
10925::
10912:;
10908:•
10904:•
10900::
10887:;
10883:•
10879:•
10875:•
10871:•
10867::
10849::
10838:•
10834:•
10830:•
10826:•
10822:•
10818:•
10658:,
7096:,
6740:|
6736:|
6682:14
6655:14
6645:39
6616:.
6547:.
6539:14
6527:.
6517:.
6461:.
6360:.
6239:.
6185:.
6093:^
6066:^
5949:^
5922:^
5838:.
5796:^
5644:^
5558:26
5556:.
5552:.
5530:.
5474:^
5459:^
5349:^
5334:^
5302:.
5268:.
5172:^
5140:^
5120:^
4979:.
4940:.
4759:.
4705:.
4541:,
4367:.
4341:,
4337:,
4333:,
4294:,
4290:,
4081:,
3838:,
3834:,
3719:,
3715:,
3654:,
3605:,
3490:.
3397:,
3313:,
3309:,
3225:,
3205:,
3182:ro
3171:,
3101:.
3017:)
3005:)
2997:,
2993:)
2985:,
2981:)
2948:,
2696:.
2683:,
2652:.
2576:,
2549:.
2429:,
2279:ru
2260:uk
2248:uk
2236:uk
2212:uk
2200:uk
2188:uk
2176:et
2079:de
2028:uk
2016:fi
2004:fi
1916:lv
1699:ru
1575:ru
133:,
129:,
10965:+
10630:e
10623:t
10616:v
9982:/
8494:e
8487:t
8480:v
8018:)
8014:(
8008:)
8004:(
7998:)
7994:(
7895:)
7889:(
7872:e
7865:t
7858:v
7154:e
7147:t
7140:v
7100:)
7092:(
6773:e
6766:t
6759:v
6724:.
6709:.
6635:4
6626:.
6603:.
6582:.
6561:.
6443:(
6435:.
6416:.
6397:.
6368:.
6366:1
6243:.
6225:.
6200:.
6045:(
5852:.
5534:.
5445:.
5344:.
5316:.
5282:.
5164:1
5131:(
5026:.
4999:.
4960:.
4823:)
4819:(
4774:.
4682:,
4492:.
4472:.
4428:.
4056:-
3478:-
3025:(
3013:(
3001:(
2989:(
2977:(
2764:(
1443:e
1436:t
1429:v
1044:e
1037:t
1030:v
628:/
20:)
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