520:
662:
573:, also in Kent. The invaders brought their wives and children with them, indicating a meaningful attempt at conquest and colonisation. Alfred took up a position from which he could observe both of the Viking armies. The Vikings were further reinforced with 240 ships, that were provided by the Danes of East Anglia and Northumbria who had settled there after the wars of the 860s and 870s. The
673:
says that "after many weeks had passed, some of the heathen died of hunger, but some, having by then eaten their horses, broke out of the fortress, and joined battle with those who were on the east bank of the river. But, when many thousands of pagans had been slain, and all the others had been put
580:
At some point Alfred's army captured
Hastein's family. The annals report that Alfred was in talks with Hastein, but do not say why. Horspool speculates that it may well be to do with Hastein's family, however while the talks were going on, the Danes at Appledore broke out and struck northwestwards.
510:
managed to assemble a great army consisting of both Saxons and Welsh. The combined army laid siege to the
Vikings who had built a fortification at Buttington. After several weeks the starving Vikings broke out of their fortification only to be beaten by the combined English and Welsh army with many
769:
is a historical revival; it was not used in Middle
English, but it was revived from Old Norse vikingr "freebooter, sea-rover, pirate, viking," which usually is explained as meaning properly "one who came from the fjords," from vik "creek, inlet, small bay" (cf. Old English wic, Middle High German
564:
By late 892, the leadership in
Francia had become more stable and the Vikings were finding it difficult to make progress there too, so they again attempted a conquest of England. In 893 two hundred and fifty ships landed an army in the Lympne Estuary in Kent where they built a fortification at
851:
MSS A talks about two Viking fleets, one attacking Exeter, the other attacking the north coast of Devon, other versions of this annal suggest that a fleet divided in two before making the attacks. John of
Worcester says that 140 were involved in these two attacks whereas MSS A suggests
717:
writing nearly a hundred years later, "Hastein made a rush with a large force from
Benfleet, and ravaged savagely through all the lands of the Mercians, until he and his men reached the borders of the Welsh; the army stationed then in the east of the country gave them support, and the
653:, although a Mercian, was married to Alfred's daughter and thus as his son in law was able to cross the borders of Wessex in pursuit of Vikings. The combined Anglo-Saxon and Welsh army forced the Vikings to the northwest, where they were finally overtaken and besieged at Buttington.
527:
Viking raids began in
England in the late 8th century and Wales in the mid 9th century. The raiding continued on and off until the 860s, when instead of raiding the Viking changed their tactics and sent a great army to invade England. This army was described by the
616:
shore. Alfred at once hurried westward and when he arrived at Exeter, the Danes took to their ships. The siege of Exeter was lifted but the fate of the unnamed North Devon burh is not recorded. Meanwhile, the force under
Hastein set out to march up the
808:
The Limen is the old name for the River Rother that existed till the 16th century. It rises near
Rotherfield, Sussex and in Saxon times flowed north of the Isle of Oxney, then past Appledore into the sea near
787:
Burh does not mean fortified town per se. Anglo Saxons used the word to denote any place within a boundary which could include private fortifications or simply a place with a hedge or fence round it.
621:, possibly with the idea of assisting their friends in the west. But they were met by the Western army that consisted of West Saxons, Mercians, and some Welsh, it was led by three eldermen namely
722:
one similarly. The famous
Ealdorman Æthelhelm made open preparation with a cavalry force, and gave pursuit together with the western English army under the generalship of Æthelnoth. And King (
710:, a burh according to the Burghal Hidage, manned by 1,500 men. The chronicle says that the citizens "put many to flight and killed hundreds of them and captured some of their ships".
1198:
180:
778:
are almost 300 years older, and probably derive from wic "village, camp" (temporary camps were a feature of the Viking raids), related to Latin vicus "village, habitation"
1552:
612:
Alfred had been on his way to relieve his son at Thorney when he heard that the Northumbrian and East Anglian Danes were besieging Exeter and an unnamed burh on the
2423:
173:
669:
The English and Welsh army came up the River Severn, and besieged all sides of the fortification (at Buttington) where the Vikings had taken refuge. The
549:
After Edington, Alfred reorganised the defences of Wessex, he built a navy and a standing army. He also built a series of fortified towns, known as
166:
674:
to flight, the Christians were masters of the place of death. In that battle, the most noble Ordheah and many of the king's thegns were killed".
1545:
1018:
2403:
1538:
601:
where they were blockaded and were ultimately forced to submit. The force fell back on Essex and, after suffering another defeat at
1501:
2464:
706:
The Vikings who had taken to their ships after Alfred's arrival, at Exeter, sailed along the south coast and attempted to raid
557:. Viking raids still continued but his defences made it difficult for the Vikings to make progress. As the political system in
2474:
1449:
1430:
1411:
1324:
1300:
561:(part of modern day France) was in turmoil the Vikings concentrated their efforts there as the raiding was more profitable.
1561:
191:
32:
1263:
Rother Country: a Short History and Guide to the River Rother in East Sussex, and the Towns and Villages near to the River
2459:
1489:
1470:
1392:
1365:
1346:
1134:
1658:
496:
113:
1683:
503:Æthelhelm, Æthelnoth, and others in charge of defending various towns and cities from the rest of the Viking army.
2484:
905:
558:
1028:
650:
622:
569:. A smaller force of eighty ships under Hastein landed in the Thames estuary before entrenching themselves at
2454:
2203:
1973:
1927:
1129:, ed. R. R. Darlington and P. McGurk, trans. Jennifer Bray (New York: Clarendon Press, 1995), pp. 341, 345,
694:
in the county of Powys, Wales. Another place that has been suggested is Buttington Tump at the mouth of the
2359:
553:
that ringed Wessex. To maintain the burhs, and the standing army, he set up a taxation system known as the
543:
1615:
733:
was said to have been planted by local people to commemorate the battle and survived until February 2018.
686:
the Severn from the Thames making the most likely candidate for the location of the battle as present-day
2383:
426:
2212:
2182:
594:
409:
372:
2242:
2227:
1803:
981:
495:, on hearing of Exeter's demise, led all his mounted men to relieve the city. He left his son-in-law
460:
437:
417:
2043:
1279:
714:
2116:
2086:
1677:
1609:
1014:
598:
471:
under the command of Danish king Hastein. These were reinforced by ships from the settled Danes of
341:
306:
336:
2469:
2005:
1921:
244:
212:
1868:
1600:
2325:
861:
For the relationship with Wales during Alfred's reign, see Assers Life of Alfred Chapters 80–81
726:) Æthelred of the Mercians was afterwards present with them, being at hand with a large army".
719:
1588:
2176:
1821:
1815:
649:, also north of the Thames and west of the Severn as well as some part of the Welsh people".
530:
367:
1711:
1261:
2128:
2098:
2017:
1981:
1967:
352:
321:
264:
239:
234:
479:, some of this contingent sailed round the coast to besiege a fortified place (known as a
8:
2134:
2122:
2104:
2092:
1915:
1230:
357:
346:
326:
316:
291:
2055:
1777:
1765:
2433:
2393:
2217:
2188:
2061:
2037:
1957:
1844:
1759:
539:
535:
404:
387:
382:
311:
269:
220:
1356:
John of Worcester (1995). Darlington, R. R.; McGurk, P.P.; Bray tr., Jennifer (eds.).
2353:
2276:
2236:
1993:
1987:
1874:
1838:
1809:
1771:
1594:
1485:
1466:
1445:
1426:
1407:
1388:
1371:
1361:
1342:
1320:
1296:
1168:
1138:
1130:
1087:
1071:
1024:
958:
939:
822:
646:
432:
296:
259:
249:
2428:
2282:
2170:
2164:
2023:
1999:
1627:
1621:
1530:
582:
492:
456:
was fought in 893 between a Viking army and an alliance of Anglo-Saxons and Welsh.
377:
362:
274:
254:
1404:
Alfred's Wars Sources and Interpretations of Anglo-Saxon Warfare in the Viking Age
882:
2408:
2307:
2110:
1939:
1909:
1795:
1728:
566:
331:
229:
756:
MSS A and Æthelweard have the year as 893. MSS B, C, D and John of Worcester 894
2418:
2388:
1933:
1734:
1671:
1582:
1310:
730:
602:
554:
395:
2049:
158:
2448:
2398:
2293:
1753:
1516:
1503:
1375:
835:
799:
893 MSS A, E and F said there were 250 ships and MSS B, C and D suggest 200.
642:
618:
1339:
Alfred the Great, Asser's Life of King Alfred and other contemporary sources
2479:
1334:
606:
570:
468:
96:
1633:
1142:
825:
claims that East Anglian and Northumbrian fleet contained about 140 ships.
118:
2313:
2011:
1742:
1190:
613:
476:
472:
207:
1716:
707:
687:
641:. The chronicle says that they "were drawn from every burh east of the
459:
The annals for 893 reported that a large Viking army had landed in the
55:
2413:
695:
691:
634:
630:
519:
500:
661:
546:
followed whereby Alfred ceded an enlarged East Anglia to the Danes.
1856:
638:
626:
1111:
Merkle. The White Horse King: The Life of Alfred the Great. p. 220
698:, where it flows into the Severn but this is seen as less likely.
2270:
2156:
2072:
1862:
1747:
586:
282:
125:
101:
2319:
2301:
1639:
810:
590:
507:
484:
92:
88:
770:
wich "bay," and second element in Reykjavik). But Old English
1191:"Buttington, Possible site of battle near Welshpool (403400)"
488:
63:
59:
1850:
1722:
480:
464:
1180:
Keynes/ Lapidge. Alfred the Great. p. 115 and p. 287 fn. 9
926:
Sawyer. The Oxford Illustrated History of Vikings. pp. 2–3
1956:
723:
1482:
Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe, A.D. 700–1100
1020:
Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe, A.D. 700–1100
986:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 96–101
2424:
Nordic and Scandinavian diaspora in the United Kingdom
1560:
1293:
Place-names, Language and the Anglo-Saxon Landscape
1423:The White Horse King: The Life of Alfred the Great
1355:
1211:Keynes/ Lapidge. Alfred the Great. p. 267 Note 16
1054:Horspool. Why Alfred Burnt the Cakes. pp. 104–110
538:". Alfred defeated the Great Heathen Army at the
2446:
1121:
1119:
1117:
585:, and were defeated in a general engagement at
188:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
973:
577:says that they did it "contrary to pledges".
1546:
1462:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
1333:
1220:Ethelwerd. Ethelwerd's Chronicle. Ch.III. 893
193:Viking invasions of England
174:
1114:
1107:
1105:
979:
581:They were overtaken by Alfred's eldest son,
1037:
903:
665:A map of places named in the Burghal Hidage
1553:
1539:
1387:. Botley, Oxfordshire: Osprey Publishing.
1291:Higham, N.J; Ryan, Martin J, eds. (2011).
1290:
181:
167:
2404:List of English words of Old Norse origin
1278:
1231:"1,000-year-old oak on Offa's Dyke falls"
1205:
1174:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1102:
1093:
677:
1309:
1259:
1214:
1189:
964:
950:
948:
660:
518:
1425:. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson.
1401:
1382:
1004:Lavelle. Fortifications in Wessex. p. 4
998:
713:According to the Anglo-Saxon historian
593:. They took refuge on an island of the
2447:
1479:
1458:
1439:
1420:
1147:
1077:
1057:
1013:
983:The laws of the earliest English kings
920:
906:"When the Vikings invaded North Wales"
467:and a smaller force had landed in the
1534:
1444:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1406:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydel Press.
1007:
945:
929:
748:
746:
162:
1385:Fortifications in Wessex c. 800-1016
980:Attenborough, F.L. Tr., ed. (1922).
511:of the Vikings being put to flight.
1341:. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.
1223:
656:
13:
1358:The Chronicle of John of Worcester
1183:
1167:893 – English translation at
1127:The Chronicle of John of Worcester
1086:892 – English translation at
970:Oliver. Vikings. A History. p. 169
957:865 – English translation at
938:793 – English translation at
743:
14:
2496:
1266:. Bob Chantler. GGKEY:RD76BJL3758
1017:(2003). "The raids in the west".
637:, and Æthelnoth the Ealdorman of
1684:Wulfhere, Ealdorman of Wiltshire
1674:, Lady of the Mercians (911–918)
1562:Viking activity in Great Britain
682:The annals say that the Vikings
1099:Chantler. Rother Country. Ch. 1
855:
841:
838:as named in the Burghal Hidage.
834:The fortification was possibly
828:
816:
802:
790:
781:
1659:Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians
897:
875:
759:
497:Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians
114:Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians
1:
2465:Battles involving the Vikings
2384:"Battle of Brunanburh" (poem)
2363:
2329:
1878:
1781:
1662:
1465:(3rd ed.). Oxford: OUP.
1360:. New York: Clarendon Press.
1295:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
1253:
1023:. Routledge. pp. 91–92.
885:. Online Etymology Dictionary
514:
2475:9th century in Great Britain
2360:Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum
1070:897. English translation at
868:
701:
7:
1337:; Lapidge, Michael (1983).
1316:Why Alfred Burned the Cakes
1282:(1848). Giles, J.A. (ed.).
605:, joined Hastein's army at
427:Northumbrian Revolt of 1065
33:Viking invasions of England
10:
2501:
908:. National Museum of Wales
2376:
2346:
2291:
2263:
2256:
2226:
2202:
2155:
2149:Second invasion: 980–1012
2148:
2071:
1949:
1902:
1895:
1831:
1804:Ecgberht I of Northumbria
1704:
1697:
1651:
1575:
1568:
1421:Merkle, Benjamin (2009).
1319:. London: Profile Books.
1171:. Retrieved 4 August 2014
1090:. Retrieved 4 August 2014
961:. Retrieved 4 August 2014
942:. Retrieved 4 August 2014
202:
144:
131:
107:
82:
38:
30:
25:
2460:Battles involving Mercia
1678:Odda, Ealdorman of Devon
1597:of East Anglia (855–869)
1286:. London: Henry G. Bohn.
736:
645:; both west and east of
2012:Sea Battle near Swanage
1922:Battle of Hingston Down
1074:Retrieved 4 August 2014
2485:9th century in England
1950:First invasion 865–896
1480:Sawyer, Peter (1989).
1459:Sawyer, Peter (2001).
1402:Lavelle, Ryan (2010).
1383:Lavelle, Ryan (2003).
1260:Chantler, Bob (2010).
678:Location of the battle
666:
524:
108:Commanders and leaders
1903:Viking raids: 793–850
1822:Eohric of East Anglia
1816:Ceolwulf II of Mercia
1603:(978–1013, 1014–1016)
1484:. London: Routledge.
1440:Oliver, Neil (2012).
1284:Ethelwerd's Chronicle
1165:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1084:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1068:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1064:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
955:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
936:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
849:Anglo Saxon Chronicle
797:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
754:Anglo Saxon Chronicle
671:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
664:
575:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
531:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
522:
145:Casualties and losses
16:893 battle in England
2455:9th century in Wales
2056:Battle of Fearnhamme
2018:Battle of Chippenham
1982:Battle of Englefield
1601:Æthelred the Unready
597:near the village of
454:Battle of Buttington
26:Battle of Buttington
1974:Siege of Nottingham
1928:Battle of Rochester
1589:Ælla of Northumbria
1513: /
1125:John of Worcester,
491:. The English king
122:Ealdorman Æthelnoth
74:Anglo-Welsh victory
2434:Vale of York Hoard
2394:England runestones
2264:Viking settlements
2062:Battle of Benfleet
2038:Battle of Edington
1958:Great Heathen Army
1845:Halfdan Ragnarsson
1756:(947–948, 952–954)
1442:Vikings. A History
1237:. 16 February 2018
667:
540:Battle of Edington
536:Great Heathen Army
525:
221:Great Heathen Army
2442:
2441:
2354:Treaty of Wedmore
2342:
2341:
2252:
2251:
2228:Harald's invasion
2198:
2197:
2144:
2143:
2033:
2032:
2006:Battle of Reading
1994:Battle of Meretun
1988:Battle of Ashdown
1891:
1890:
1875:Thorkell the Tall
1839:Ivar the Boneless
1810:Burgred of Mercia
1772:Olaf Guthfrithson
1693:
1692:
1595:Edmund the Martyr
1451:978-0-297-86787-6
1432:978-1-5955-5252-5
1413:978-1-84383-569-1
1326:978-1-86197-786-1
1302:978-1-84383-603-2
1169:project Gutenberg
1088:project Gutenberg
1072:Project Gutenberg
959:project Gutenberg
940:project Gutenberg
904:Museum of Wales.
823:John of Worcester
523:Kingdom of Wessex
447:
446:
418:Harald's invasion
270:Edington/Ethandun
157:
156:
78:
77:
2492:
2429:Silverdale Hoard
2368:
2365:
2334:
2331:
2283:North Sea Empire
2261:
2260:
2171:Battle of Pinhoe
2153:
2152:
2069:
2068:
2044:Battle of London
2024:Battle of Cynwit
2000:Battle of Basing
1954:
1953:
1900:
1899:
1883:
1880:
1786:
1783:
1778:Ragnall ua ĂŤmair
1766:Gofraid ua ĂŤmair
1702:
1701:
1667:
1664:
1628:Edward the Elder
1622:Alfred the Great
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913:
901:
895:
894:
892:
890:
879:
862:
859:
853:
845:
839:
832:
826:
820:
814:
806:
800:
794:
788:
785:
779:
774:and Old Frisian
763:
757:
750:
657:Siege and battle
629:, Æthelhelm the
625:the Lord of the
493:Alfred the Great
197:
196:
194:
183:
176:
169:
160:
159:
40:
39:
23:
22:
2500:
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2490:
2489:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2372:
2366:
2338:
2332:
2287:
2248:
2243:Stamford Bridge
2222:
2204:Cnut's invasion
2194:
2140:
2117:Second Stamford
2067:
2050:Siege of Exeter
2029:
1960:
1945:
1940:Battle of Aclea
1916:Isle of Sheppey
1887:
1881:
1827:
1796:Sweyn Forkbeard
1784:
1729:Harold Harefoot
1689:
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1507:
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1502:
1500:
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1492:
1473:
1452:
1433:
1414:
1395:
1368:
1349:
1327:
1311:Horspool, David
1303:
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1267:
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1115:
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1103:
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1038:
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1008:
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989:
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978:
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953:
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921:
911:
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833:
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782:
764:
760:
751:
744:
739:
704:
680:
659:
517:
450:
449:
448:
443:
442:
438:Stamford Bridge
431:
396:Cnut's invasion
351:
342:Second Stamford
198:
192:
190:
189:
187:
121:
116:
66:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2498:
2488:
2487:
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2472:
2470:890s conflicts
2467:
2462:
2457:
2440:
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2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Ragnar Lodbrok
2416:
2411:
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2389:Cuerdale Hoard
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2317:
2311:
2305:
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1576:Major monarchs
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1517:52.67°N 3.09°W
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731:Buttington Oak
703:
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555:Burghal Hidage
516:
513:
469:Thames estuary
461:Lympne Estuary
445:
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373:St Brice's Day
370:
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307:First Stamford
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2399:Furness Hoard
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2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
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1995:
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1989:
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1832:Major leaders
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1760:AmlaĂb Cuarán
1758:
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1754:Eric Bloodaxe
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1491:0-415-04590-8
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1472:0-19-285434-8
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1394:1-84176-639-9
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1369:
1367:0-19-822261-0
1363:
1359:
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1348:0-14-044409-2
1344:
1340:
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1335:Keynes, Simon
1332:
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1135:0-19-822261-0
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1021:
1016:
1015:Sawyer, P. H.
1010:
1001:
985:
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932:
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628:
624:
620:
619:Thames Valley
615:
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588:
584:
578:
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213:Hingston Down
211:
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195:
184:
179:
177:
172:
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165:
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81:
73:
70:
69:
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57:
53:
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49:
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42:
41:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
2080:
1522:52.67; -3.09
1498:
1481:
1463:
1460:
1441:
1422:
1403:
1384:
1357:
1338:
1317:
1314:
1292:
1283:
1268:. Retrieved
1262:
1239:. Retrieved
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1164:
1126:
1095:
1083:
1079:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1019:
1009:
1000:
988:. Retrieved
982:
975:
966:
954:
935:
931:
922:
910:. Retrieved
899:
887:. Retrieved
877:
857:
848:
843:
830:
818:
804:
796:
792:
783:
775:
771:
766:
761:
753:
728:
720:Northumbrian
712:
705:
683:
681:
670:
668:
611:
579:
574:
563:
550:
548:
529:
526:
505:
458:
453:
451:
416:
394:
301:
281:
219:
83:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
2409:Norse–Gaels
2326:East Anglia
2314:Northumbria
2206:(1015–1016)
2177:First Alton
2157:The Danelaw
2073:The Danelaw
2052:(893, 1001)
1910:Lindisfarne
1798:(1013–1014)
1743:Northumbria
1737:(1030–1035)
1731:(1035–1040)
1725:(1016–1035)
1719:(1035–1042)
1569:Anglo-Saxon
1520: /
1241:19 February
614:North Devon
595:River Colne
506:The king's
477:Northumbria
473:East Anglia
368:First Alton
283:The Danelaw
208:Lindisfarne
2449:Categories
2367: 890
2333: 550
2129:Brunanburh
2099:Tettenhall
2081:Buttington
1934:Carhampton
1882: 970
1785: 914
1717:Harthacnut
1686:(855–?877)
1666: 881
1254:References
1030:0203407822
813:and Hythe.
715:Æthelweard
708:Chichester
688:Buttington
542:in 878. A
515:Background
487:, both in
353:Brunanburh
322:Tettenhall
302:Buttington
265:Chippenham
240:Englefield
117:Ealdorman
56:Buttington
2414:Old Norse
2322:(527–918)
2316:(653–954)
2310:(410–825)
2304:(519–927)
2279:(866–954)
2273:(865–896)
2213:Brentford
2135:Stainmore
2123:Corbridge
2105:Tempsford
2093:The Holme
1871:(892–896)
1865:(874–890)
1859:(865–870)
1853:(865–878)
1847:(865–877)
1841:(865–870)
1824:(917–927)
1818:(874–880)
1812:(852–874)
1806:(867–872)
1774:(939–941)
1768:(921–934)
1762:(941–944)
1750:(883–895)
1712:Knýtlinga
1672:Æthelflæd
1636:(924–939)
1634:Æthelstan
1630:(899–924)
1624:(871–899)
1618:(839–858)
1616:Æthelwulf
1612:(802–839)
1591:(unk–867)
1585:(757–796)
1376:891123459
1280:Ethelwerd
1270:15 August
1143:891123459
912:15 August
889:15 August
869:Citations
765:The word
702:Aftermath
696:River Wye
692:Welshpool
635:Wiltshire
631:Ealdorman
567:Appledore
501:ealdormen
410:Brentford
398:(1015–16)
358:Stainmore
347:Corbridge
337:Æthelwold
327:Tempsford
317:The Holme
292:Rochester
285:(886–954)
119:Æthelhelm
2347:Treaties
2292:English
2218:Assandun
2189:Ringmere
1961:(865–78)
1857:Hvitserk
1792:England
1705:Monarchs
1642:(946–954
1610:Ecgberht
1606:Wessex:
1313:(2006).
1235:BBC News
990:4 August
883:"Viking"
651:Æthelred
639:Somerset
627:Mercians
623:Æthelred
607:Shoebury
603:Benfleet
405:Assandun
388:Ringmere
383:Thetford
312:Benfleet
223:(865–78)
132:Strength
51:Location
2377:Culture
2271:Danelaw
2237:Fulford
1896:Battles
1869:Hastein
1863:Guthrum
1748:Guthred
1505:52°40′N
1195:Coflein
684:came up
647:Selwood
599:Thorney
587:Farnham
559:Francia
433:Fulford
297:Farnham
260:Meretun
250:Ashdown
245:Reading
153:unknown
150:unknown
140:unknown
137:unknown
126:Hastein
102:Vikings
2320:Mercia
2302:Wessex
2277:Jorvik
2257:Places
2245:(1066)
2239:(1066)
2230:(1066)
2191:(1010)
2185:(1002)
2179:(1001)
2173:(1001)
2165:Maldon
1884:–1024)
1698:Viking
1640:Eadred
1508:3°05′W
1488:
1469:
1448:
1429:
1410:
1391:
1374:
1364:
1345:
1323:
1299:
1199:RCAHMW
1141:
1133:
1027:
836:Pilton
811:Lympne
776:wizing
772:wicing
767:viking
643:Parret
591:Surrey
583:Edward
571:Milton
544:treaty
534:as a "
508:thegns
485:Exeter
483:) and
420:(1066)
378:Pinhoe
363:Maldon
275:Cynwit
255:Basing
93:Wessex
89:Mercia
71:Result
2356:(886)
2335:–918)
2167:(991)
2137:(954)
2131:(937)
2125:(918)
2119:(918)
2113:(917)
2111:Derby
2107:(917)
2101:(910)
2095:(902)
2089:(894)
2083:(893)
2064:(894)
2058:(893)
2046:(886)
2040:(878)
2026:(878)
2020:(878)
2014:(877)
2008:(871)
2002:(871)
1996:(871)
1990:(871)
1984:(870)
1976:(867)
1970:(867)
1942:(851)
1936:(843)
1930:(842)
1924:(838)
1918:(835)
1912:(793)
1787:–921)
1680:(878)
1668:–911)
1066:896,
737:Notes
551:burhs
489:Devon
332:Derby
230:Alcea
97:Welsh
64:Wales
60:Powys
2308:Kent
1851:Ubba
1723:Cnut
1486:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1446:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1372:OCLC
1362:ISBN
1343:ISBN
1321:ISBN
1297:ISBN
1272:2014
1243:2018
1139:OCLC
1131:ISBN
1025:ISBN
992:2014
914:2014
891:2014
852:100.
847:The
752:The
729:The
499:and
481:burh
475:and
465:Kent
452:The
235:York
43:Date
2480:893
724:sic
633:of
589:in
46:893
2451::
2364:c.
2330:c.
1879:c.
1782:c.
1663:c.
1370:.
1233:.
1197:.
1193:.
1149:^
1137:,
1116:^
1104:^
1039:^
947:^
745:^
690:,
609:.
463:,
95:,
91:,
62:,
58:,
2369:)
2362:(
2328:(
1877:(
1780:(
1661:(
1554:e
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1540:v
1494:.
1475:.
1454:.
1435:.
1416:.
1397:.
1378:.
1351:.
1329:.
1305:.
1274:.
1245:.
1201:.
1033:.
994:.
916:.
893:.
182:e
175:t
168:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.