154:
139:
127:
114:
896:
179:
52:
925:, with about 160 armed defenders of whom only 60 were soldiers, which was besieged beginning on 13 April. Because of poor planning and lost supplies, the British soon began to run low on ammunition for the cannons as well as rations for the men. After the tropical rains started on 20 April, men began to sicken and die, probably of
880:. Nelson was the highest-ranking officer present, but his authority was limited to naval operations. The overall commander was Captain (local rank of major) John Polson, who had at his disposal about 3,000 men, including 100 regulars of the
519:
512:
940:
The
British troops, unable to advance despite the arrival of 450 British reinforcements on 15 May, remained in occupation of the fort for six months, during which time they perished by the hundreds, while Viceroy
272:
505:
1358:
937:, Nelson was one of the first to become ill, and he was shipped downriver on 28 April, the day before the Spanish under Juan de Ayssa, devoid of ammunition, food and water, surrendered the fort.
969:, and contributed greatly to creating difficulties for the British operations. Taken prisoner to Jamaica, he was freed at the end of the war and rose to become governor of Nicaragua in 1783.
265:
1353:
258:
953:
and other adjoining provinces, while sickness continued to take a heavy toll among the
British troops, forcing the order for withdrawal to be given on 30 November.
1348:
961:
The
Spanish reoccupied the remains of the fort, which the British had blown up on departure. Despite having surrendered it, Don Juan de Ayssa was promoted to
833:. The main objective of the expedition was to capture the town of Granada, effectively cutting Spanish America in half and giving Great Britain access to the
1304:
965:, as was recorded in the Royal Order of 12 June 1781: he had alerted the other garrisons in the area, bravely defended the fort, suffered hardships as a
885:
914:. Three days later all Polson's troops were assembled aboard boats and advanced upriver divided in two contingents. On 9 April, Nelson, in the first
889:
678:
809:. The campaign ended in total failure and cost the lives of more than 2,500 men, making it the costliest British disaster of the entire war.
529:
17:
1273:
1254:
1235:
1216:
1197:
1169:
1142:
798:
386:
1363:
870:
775:
193:
1181:
Historia de
Nicaragua desde los tiempos prehistóricos hasta 1860: en sus relaciones con España, Mexico y Centro-America
1292:
587:
497:
421:
942:
900:
826:
705:
683:
351:
143:
1368:
888:
under
Captain Richard Bulkeley, 240 Royal Jamaica Volunteers under Major James Macdonald, 250 members of the
818:
752:
742:
486:
451:
945:
was able to fortify the mouth of Lake
Nicaragua. The Spanish gained in strength, thanks to assistance from
771:
646:
641:
881:
567:
371:
366:
361:
311:
1343:
779:
747:
710:
612:
597:
577:
572:
476:
471:
441:
381:
356:
282:
81:
43:
922:
737:
725:
602:
461:
456:
446:
406:
391:
331:
830:
651:
582:
562:
555:
466:
326:
159:
825:, proposed a military expedition against the Spanish province of Nicaragua, belonging then to the
1373:
874:
656:
617:
592:
411:
695:
341:
1209:
La hidra de la revolución: marineros, esclavos y campesinos en la historia oculta del Atlántico
700:
622:
346:
436:
426:
416:
172:
950:
946:
636:
607:
481:
396:
321:
1228:
Wars of the
Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present
8:
915:
673:
629:
316:
306:
118:
57:
918:
of his career, led an assault which captured a small
Spanish battery on Bartola Island.
720:
431:
250:
962:
911:
892:, and 125 of the Royal Batteaux Corps, plus an unspecified number of black volunteers.
783:
661:
401:
787:
527:
1288:
1269:
1250:
1231:
1212:
1193:
1165:
1148:
1138:
910:
bowmen under Major James Lawrie, which failed to appear, the expedition anchored off
336:
862:
301:
185:
178:
966:
839:
The colours of
England, were, in their imagination, already in the walls of Lima.
778:
landed on the coast of the present-day
Nicaragua, with the aim of sailing up the
1244:
907:
791:
550:
1337:
1319:
1306:
1152:
934:
834:
802:
895:
817:
After Spain entered the American Revolutionary War in 1779, Major-General
289:
1245:
de Saavedra de Sangronis, Francisco; Francisco Morales PadrĂłn (2004).
869:, sailed from Jamaica on 3 February 1780, escorted by the 21-year-old
930:
131:
85:
1190:
The Pursuit of Victory: The Life and Achievement of Horatio Nelson
1135:
Spain and the Independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift
926:
822:
806:
1359:
Sieges of the American Revolutionary War involving Great Britain
801:, Polson's force never reached Lake Nicaragua and, decimated by
906:
On 24 March, after many delays awaiting the arrival of several
51:
858:
138:
126:
113:
854:
774:
when a British force under the command of John Polson and
1354:
Battles of the American Revolutionary War involving Spain
531:
Battles involving Spain in the American Revolutionary War
280:
1206:
1162:
The Nelson Touch: The Life and Legend of Horatio Nelson
770:
took place between March and November 1780 during the
797:Despite an initial success in the capture of the
1335:
218:3,000 regulars, militia, sailors and irregulars
150:
782:to capture the strategically crucial towns of
60:in 1781, with Fort San Juan in the background.
27:Expedition in the American War of Independence
1178:
513:
266:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1029:
1027:
1025:
994:
992:
990:
849:The expedition, consisting of the transport
1349:Sieges of the Anglo-Spanish War (1779–1783)
1073:
1071:
1069:
1207:Linebaugh, Peter; Rediker, Marcus (2005).
1015:
1013:
520:
506:
273:
259:
1249:. Madrid, Spain: Universidad de Sevilla.
1080:
1033:Saavedra de Sangronis/Morales PadrĂłn p.73
1022:
1007:Saavedra de Sangronis/Morales PadrĂłn p.72
987:
1066:
1041:
1039:
894:
1263:
1164:. London, UK: Oxford University Press.
1159:
1048:
1010:
790:, located on the northwestern shore of
14:
1336:
1282:
1225:
1187:
1036:
799:Fortress of the Immaculate Conception
501:
254:
921:Five miles (8 km) upstream was
1285:Nelson: A Dream of Glory, 1758–1797
1247:Diario de don Francisco de Saavedra
56:Captain Horatio Nelson, painted by
24:
899:MatĂas de Gálvez, governor of the
25:
1385:
668:Louisiana and Northwest Territory
1268:. Teddington, UK: Echo Library.
1230:. Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO.
177:
152:
137:
125:
112:
50:
1266:The Life of Horatio Lord Nelson
1114:
1105:
1096:
243:2,500 killed or died of disease
1057:
1001:
978:
901:Captaincy General of Guatemala
827:Captaincy General of Guatemala
144:Captaincy General of Guatemala
13:
1:
1126:
844:
812:
1179:Dolores Gómez, José (1975).
956:
882:60th Royal American Regiment
772:American War of Independence
422:2nd Demerara & Essequibo
387:1st Demerara & Essequibo
7:
1132:
10:
1390:
1364:Invasions by Great Britain
884:under himself, 140 of the
805:, was forced to return to
72:17 March – 8 November 1780
44:American Revolutionary War
1133:Chávez, Thomas E (2004).
541:
297:
238:Unknown killed or wounded
232:
199:
166:
104:
64:
49:
41:
36:
1264:Southey, Robert (2007).
972:
831:Viceroyalty of New Spain
205:160 regulars and militia
1287:. New York, USA: Holt.
1160:Coleman, Terry (2004).
984:Linebaugh/Rediker p.307
18:Battle of Fort San Juan
1226:Marley, David (1998).
1192:. UK: Westview Press.
1188:Knight, Roger (2007).
903:
871:Captain Horatio Nelson
829:, a dependency of the
776:Captain Horatio Nelson
167:Commanders and leaders
1320:11.01917°N 84.39639°W
1283:Sudgen, John (2004).
1211:. Editorial Critica.
898:
233:Casualties and losses
214:(Granada's outskirts)
1369:History of Nicaragua
886:79th Liverpool Blues
1325:11.01917; -84.39639
1316: /
1183:. Banco de America.
1120:Dolores GĂłmez p.276
916:hand-to-hand combat
768:San Juan Expedition
618:Strait of Gibraltar
545:Europe and Atlantic
176:Juan de Ayssa
58:John Francis Rigaud
37:San Juan Expedition
963:lieutenant colonel
912:San Juan del Norte
904:
821:, the governor of
642:Lake Pontchartrain
1344:Conflicts in 1780
1275:978-1-4068-3003-3
1256:978-84-472-0782-4
1237:978-0-87436-837-6
1218:978-84-8432-601-4
1199:978-0-465-03765-0
1171:978-0-19-517322-2
1144:978-0-8263-2794-9
761:
760:
495:
494:
382:Dutch West Indies
285:Revolutionary War
249:
248:
215:
209:
184:John Polson
100:
99:
16:(Redirected from
1381:
1331:
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996:
985:
982:
943:MatĂas de Gálvez
536:
532:
522:
515:
508:
499:
498:
482:Turks and Caicos
477:17 February 1783
472:15 February 1783
357:12 December 1779
292:
275:
268:
261:
252:
251:
245:2 ships grounded
213:
207:
190:
181:
173:MatĂas de Gálvez
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34:
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1037:
1032:
1023:
1018:
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1006:
1002:
997:
988:
983:
979:
975:
967:prisoner of war
959:
933:, and maybe of
847:
815:
764:
763:
762:
757:
690:Central America
679:Fort St. Joseph
583:Cape Finisterre
551:English Channel
537:
535:1779–1783
534:
530:
528:
526:
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491:
462:6 December 1782
457:18 October 1782
407:15 January 1782
293:
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208:(Fort San Juan)
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124:
111:
96:Spanish victory
88:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1387:
1377:
1376:
1374:Horatio Nelson
1371:
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1021:
1009:
1000:
986:
976:
974:
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958:
955:
908:Miskito Indian
890:Jamaica Legion
873:in the 28-gun
846:
843:
814:
811:
792:Lake Nicaragua
780:San Juan River
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593:Cape St. Maria
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467:2 January 1783
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429:
424:
419:
414:
412:Brimstone Hill
409:
404:
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394:
392:Sint Eustatius
389:
384:
379:
374:
372:2nd Martinique
369:
364:
362:1st Martinique
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194:Horatio Nelson
182:
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148:
147:
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134:
107:
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98:
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84:, present-day
82:San Juan River
80:
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32:
31:
26:
9:
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1294:0-224-06097-X
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1137:. UNM Press.
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981:
977:
970:
968:
964:
954:
952:
948:
944:
938:
936:
935:typhoid fever
932:
928:
924:
923:Fort San Juan
919:
917:
913:
909:
902:
897:
893:
891:
887:
883:
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868:
864:
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856:
852:
842:
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836:
835:Pacific Ocean
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828:
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731:
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727:
724:
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719:
717:
716:Fort San Juan
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
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689:
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685:
684:Arkansas Post
682:
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395:
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390:
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385:
383:
380:
378:
377:Fort San Juan
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
327:Saint Vincent
325:
323:
322:2nd St. Lucia
320:
318:
317:1st St. Lucia
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
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217:
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174:
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165:
161:
160:Great Britain
149:
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115:
109:
108:
103:
95:
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68:
67:
63:
59:
53:
48:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
1301:
1284:
1265:
1246:
1227:
1208:
1189:
1180:
1161:
1134:
1116:
1111:Southey p.12
1107:
1102:Coleman p.32
1098:
1093:Marley p.326
1077:Southey p.10
1059:
1050:
1045:Sudgen p.173
1003:
998:Marley p.325
980:
960:
939:
920:
905:
877:Hinchinbrook
876:
867:Royal George
866:
850:
848:
838:
819:John Dalling
816:
803:yellow fever
796:
767:
765:
715:
706:San Fernando
623:Cape Spartel
442:Mona Passage
376:
352:San Fernando
187:
110:
105:Belligerents
42:Part of the
29:
1323: /
1063:Knight p.55
1054:Southey p.9
1019:Knight p.56
748:17 February
732:West Indies
726:Black River
711:12 December
701:Cayo Cocina
657:The Village
647:Baton Rouge
598:25 February
588:St. Vincent
578:20 November
447:Black River
437:The Saintes
417:Frigate Bay
347:Cayo Cocina
337:2nd Grenada
332:1st Grenada
290:West Indies
240:45 captured
228:1 transport
211:500 militia
1338:Categories
1311:84°23′47″W
1308:11°01′09″N
1127:References
947:San Miguel
845:Expedition
813:Background
753:2nd Nassau
743:1st Nassau
738:15 January
652:1st Mobile
630:Gulf Coast
487:3rd Nassau
452:2nd Nassau
427:Montserrat
397:Fort Royal
367:Guadeloupe
302:1st Nassau
1153:149117944
957:Aftermath
951:Choluteca
931:dysentery
875:HMS
696:RĂo Hondo
674:St. Louis
662:Pensacola
637:Fort Bute
563:Gibraltar
342:RĂo Hondo
220:1 frigate
132:New Spain
86:Nicaragua
861:, and a
857:, three
851:Penelope
556:Plymouth
312:Dominica
307:Barbados
283:American
226:1 tender
224:3 sloops
200:Strength
77:Location
927:malaria
823:Jamaica
807:Jamaica
784:Granada
613:Minorca
222:2 brigs
188:†
1291:
1272:
1253:
1234:
1215:
1196:
1168:
1151:
1141:
865:, the
863:tender
859:sloops
853:, two
721:Roatán
603:Málaga
573:Lisbon
568:Azores
432:Roatán
402:Tobago
157:
93:Result
973:Notes
855:brigs
608:1 May
119:Spain
1289:ISBN
1270:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1232:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1194:ISBN
1166:ISBN
1149:OCLC
1139:ISBN
929:and
788:LeĂłn
786:and
766:The
69:Date
837:. "
1340::
1147:.
1082:^
1068:^
1038:^
1024:^
1012:^
989:^
949:,
841:"
794:.
1297:.
1278:.
1259:.
1240:.
1221:.
1202:.
1174:.
1155:.
521:e
514:t
507:v
287::
274:e
267:t
260:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
