Battle of Pont-Charrault

1828:

hedges. Marcé realized it was too late to continue the march. He shared with the deponent his intention to preserve the two restored bridges, keeping the troops bivouacked at the second one, and taking additional precautions for the night, such as positioning battalions on the right and left wings of the column, a strong detachment near the second bridge, a rear guard at the first bridge, and near Saint-Vincent, another detachment capable of holding the position and preventing the enemy from attempting to cut it off. According to these orders, the deponent moved to the left wing of the column with Citizen Touron; they together recognized the place where a battalion should be positioned. They returned to the head of the column to find it, and Citizen Touron was to lead it there. At that moment, the enemy's gunfire began at the head of the column, towards the left and slightly short of the bridge, very close to the column, as the river, forming a reentrant angle, had allowed them to approach very closely and even extend all along this flank. Marcé suddenly changed his plans. Seeing himself attacked, he moved some battalions to the left flank of the column to line the hedges of a small plateau that overlooked the enemy's position. One of these battalions, composed almost entirely of country folk, and still distant from the enemy's fire, fired a volley almost into the air, without seeing anyone, and then fled without being able to rally, despite all efforts to do so. The deponent heard the cry of 'every man for himself!' within this same battalion. Moments later, General Marcé ordered two battalions to the right flank. Some other battalions in the column followed the example of the one that had fled. The deponent asserts that they had lost their heads so completely that they saw enemies wherever there were none. He confronted one of these battalions, which seemed about to fire; having looked at the object in front of them and seeing nothing, he said: 'Soldiers, don't shoot! There are no enemies!' And at that moment, without listening to him, they fired into the air, as the deponent, who was on horseback in front of the first rank, was not injured. This battalion also fled, and it was equally impossible to rally it. The deponent, returning to the head of the column, tried to reassure other battalions. He passed behind the one next to him, giving the same exhortation to the soldiers that he had given to the previous battalion; it was useless, they broke ranks, and the deponent was thrown into a ditch with his horse; he managed to get out through great effort. Finally, seeing that he could not restore the soldiers' morale, he returned to the head of the column to try to gather the fugitives after crossing the first bridge; this was attempted in vain. The deponent tried again to rally them beyond the village of Saint-Vincent; this was no more successful. He attempted to rally them on the ground where the affair of the 17th took place; again, in vain. He pushed on to the village of Chantonnay; this was no more successful. He pushed on to the Charrault Bridge, hoping that, being farther from the enemy, the soldiers would regain their calm, which did not happen. As all these different attempts had been made in concert with Marcé, the deponent proceeded to Saint-Hermand, where finally the troops, exhausted by the seven leagues they had just run, stopped. It was then three-thirty in the morning on Wednesday the 20th of this month.

1949:

appeared on the crest of the opposite mountain and the main road leading to Saint-Fulgent. General Marcé ordered the work to be stopped and fired two 8-caliber cannon shots at the enemy column, which appeared to be 1,000 to 1,200 toises away from the army's position. Commissioner Niou, having arrived, disapproved of this hostility, saying that if he had been there, he would not have allowed the shots to be fired, being very convinced, based on what he had just heard from various people in the column, that the troops facing the Republican army were not brigands, but rather the Nantes legion coming to join their brothers in arms. The deponent observed to him that, having been in the presence of the brigands for two days, he could recognize their vedettes; however, he asked him if he had any information that this reunion was supposed to take place. He replied that he did not. Nevertheless, the said commissioner insisted on his belief, based on his conviction of hearing the cherished cry of every good Republican pronounced by the troops who were the subject of the discussion. In this uncertainty, someone proposed sending an officer, accompanied by a trumpeter, to reconnoiter. It was ordered that aide-de-camp Dardillouze should go very slowly, to announce his mission from afar. When he was within a hundred paces of the enemy troops, he sounded a fanfare; at this signal, two horsemen and some foot soldiers came running towards them. Fearing they might be detained, they prudently withdrew to a greater distance; this they did very swiftly. They stopped again, and seeing they were not pursued, they returned, hoping to obtain a parley; but they received only a general cry of 'Long live the King! Long live the clergy!' They returned to report on their mission. Then, there was no longer any doubt that it was the army of the Brigands.

1802:, the designation 'Vendée' was born from the characterization of the conflict as a 'war' following the battle lost on 19 March 1793, situated in the Vendée department. Following this battle, the designation "rebels of the Vendée department and neighboring areas" gained traction in subsequent discussions, ascribing responsibility for the civil war to the Vendée alone, or more specifically, to its administrators, who were deemed incapable. The designation "War in the Vendée" is rooted in this interpretation, which was accepted by the administrators of the surrounding departments. These administrators could thereby emphasize their republican credentials. In July and August of 1793, the patriot inhabitants of the Vendée department petitioned the Convention to alter the designation of the war, thereby avoiding the stigmatization of their region. This plea was ultimately unsuccessful. In the competition between the departments of the West to designate themselves as the most exemplary Republicans, the 1763: 37: 1925:

men on the height were the rebel army, some cannon shots were fired at them, but they caused no harm, as they were out of range; however, it was noticed that the column was slipping into the woods and that the army could be enveloped. The general had already been urged, since he insisted on holding his bad position, to at least make defensive arrangements; he limited himself to sending some skirmishers into the woods. Niou warned the general again of the necessity of taking measures, but he remained inactive, and it was only when the rebels' cries announced their proximity that the general ordered strong detachments to be sent into two adjacent clearings to cover his flanks. This movement, made hastily, caused disorder and concern. Finally, the rebels attacked with gunfire, to which our detachments responded.

285: 1257: 148: 1249: 997: 895: 1526: 1345: 1335:. In response to orders from the representatives, a trumpet and one or two aides-de-camp were dispatched to investigate. Two additional hours elapsed without any discernible action. Marcé even initiated the process of establishing a camp for his troops. The emissaries subsequently returned to raise the alarm, but it was already too late. The Vendéens had gained the upper hand and initiated an attack. The lyrics being sung were those of the 1969:

that Colonel Boulard shared the same opinion, but that Commissioner Niou and the majority of the army were convinced that it could be the army from Nantes. A lot of time was lost deliberating and trying to identify the troops in front of us, and we were forced to engage in combat from the position we were in. When it was pointed out to him that since he was certain it was the enemy, it was unnecessary to send someone to identify them,

1615:

contradicted by that of Boulard. In his report, dated March 21 and addressed to the Minister of War, as well as in his deposition before the commissioners of the district and municipality of La Rochelle on March 22, Boulard stated that the representative on the mission had believed in the imminent arrival of patriot reinforcements and had forbidden firing. General Marcé provided a similar account during his interrogation.

136: 292: 1477:, which he attributes to the statements of an insurgent leader, Dominique Ussault, the figures provided by Deputy Martineau are considerably higher. Martineau's account suggests that the insurgents sustained losses amounting to more than half of their total strength. However, the historian Yves Gras offers a figure of 250 dead, which is considerably higher than the other estimates. 1668:, concluding that "the treason of the former General Marcé at Saint-Vincent on the 19th of last month occurred on the same day, the 19th, as the treason of the infamous Dumouriez at Neerwinden." Therefore, it can be concluded with certainty that there was a general plot and that Marcé and Dumouriez were in agreement. 1917:

whose bridges had to be guarded. Based on these considerations, and the day being too far advanced, Citizen Niou, by order of the Commission following the army, proposed to withdraw it above Saint-Vincent, where the country was flatter and more open; the general did not think it appropriate to follow this advice.

1827:

Then, there was no longer any doubt that it was the army of the Brigands. Based on this, Marcé ordered the completion of the bridge, which was done. But since this uncertainty had taken up almost two hours, the enemies took advantage of the moment to slip troops by their right and left, hidden behind

1745:

accused the general of "wickedly and deliberately betraying the interests of the Republic by favoring the progress of the brigands' arms on his territory." In its judgment, the tribunal accused Marcé of treason, negligence, and unworthiness. It reproached the officer for failing to order a necessary

1004:

On March 15, the insurgents succeeded in capturing Chantonnay after a prolonged engagement with the National Guards of Fontenay. On the 16th, Marcé arrived in Sainte-Hermine. On the 17th, he recaptured the village of Chantonnay with a vanguard of 500 men. The Vendéens then retreated to L'Oie, leaving

1968:

He replied that this doubt is precisely what frustrated him the most, as he, being the general, was very convinced that it was the rebel army occupying the heights opposite the bridge that was being repaired, and where the general and Commissioner Niou only arrived at three o'clock in the afternoon;

1924:

The rebels did not move, and someone believed that the gathering seen might be the national troops expected from Nantes. Based on this, the general decided to send a trumpeter and two aides-de-camp towards them, who soon returned, having been pursued by several horsemen. No longer doubting that the

1916:

At four o'clock, the entire army found itself between the two bridges, formed in a column, and several people who had examined the location on which it stood found it extremely dangerous; for it was a path dominated by heights, covered with thick woods, and bounded at its ends by two small rivers,

1851:

The second time, we were routed at L'Oie, nearly 4,000 men against nearly 8,000 brigands, entrenched behind woods and hedges, due to the ineptitude or treason of General Marcé. The battle took place at six o'clock in the evening. Now judge: it lasted nearly three hours. We lost around 300 brave men

1294:

On March 19, the Republican forces initiated their advance, only to encounter the Gravereau Bridge obstructed and impassable. At 7 a.m., the 200 men of the vanguard, stationed at Saint-Vincent-Sterlanges, commenced efforts to restore the passageway under the direction of Adjutant General Frésat. At

790:

to suppress the uprising, encountered significant impediments at this location due to the destruction of both bridges. They were further disadvantaged by an unexpected insurgent attack at nightfall. After three hours of sustained combat, the patriots were compelled to retreat in disorder towards La

1948:

Around two o'clock in the afternoon, the entire army having reunited, they marched towards the second bridge; upon arrival at this location, they began to rebuild it, which, according to the surveyor-engineer, could take about three-quarters of an hour; the bridge being nearly completed, the enemy

1920:

An hour later, that is, around five o'clock, the enemy was announced, and indeed, it appeared, forming a large column that filled the path, on a height of thick woods, located about two leagues from the second bridge. The retreat was made to the plain of Saint-Vincent, where the entire strength of

1797:

Following the Battle of Pont-Charrault, which took place in the Vendée department, all insurgents from the West were collectively designated as "Vendéens," and the conflict became known as the "War in the Vendée," even though the insurrection involved numerous other departments. In the view of the

1753:

posits that the failure of Marcé can be attributed to the mediocrity of the revolutionaries' military resources and their lack of resolve. The region spanning Nantes to La Rochelle had a limited number of regular troops at its disposal. The preoccupation with the potential of an English landing on

1733:

in Paris. The document accused Marcé of "sacrificing the troops of the Republic" and demanded that he be tried for treason. It further stated that, two months after his actions, Marcé was still at large and that the Revolutionary Tribunal must take action. The document concluded by expressing hope

1614:

drafted their report, attributing the defeat to General Marcé, whom they accused of inaction. In the aforementioned report, Niou asserted that he had advised Marcé to vacate the position held by the Republicans before the Vendéens' assault. However, the account presented by the representatives is

1352:

The engagement commenced at approximately 6 or 7 p.m., shortly before nightfall. The Vendéens assumed positions in the woods and on the heights, from which they opened fire. After the initial volleys, the fighting transitioned into close combat. On the left wing, the National Guardsmen exhibited

1964:

When asked why he had not taken the necessary precautions to ascertain the presence of the enemy, which often led the army to doubt, making it believe that instead of the enemy, it might have been the army from Nantes; this doubt caused delays that allowed the enemy time to ambush in the woods,

1413:

The precise number of human casualties is uncertain, as no official record was kept and the death registers of the municipalities within the combat zone have been lost. On the Republican side, Deputy Jean-Baptiste Martineau reported 300 deaths in a letter dated March 21 and addressed to his

1317:

accompanied him. The weather conditions were challenging, with low temperatures, precipitation, and strong winds. After passing Saint-Vincent-Sterlanges, Marcé reunited with his vanguard at approximately 2 p.m. However, upon crossing the Gravereau Bridge, the Republicans discovered that the

1746:

retreat for abandoning the troops in disarray and exposed artillery through a cowardly and criminal flight. This resulted in the Republic losing brave defenders and providing the rebels with huge progress. Marcé was condemned to death and subsequently guillotined on January 29, 1794.

1741:. He was brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal on July 26, 1793, and put on trial on January 28, 1794. The general attempted to justify his actions by claiming that the defeat was merely the unfortunate consequence of a battalion's panic. However, in his indictment, 1810:. All three departments allow the war to be called "of Vendée." Despite the displeasure of their administrators, the Vendée was transformed in a matter of days into a hotbed of subversion, further exacerbated by its association with counter-revolutionary plots. 1972:

He replied that this was his opinion as the general and Colonel Boulard's as well, but that this opinion was counterbalanced and even dismissed by that of the National Commissioner, whose advice he, as the general, had to respect and even follow without

1682:, the commander-in-chief of La Rochelle. They also contemplated dismissing him. However, the relationship between the Republican general and the insurgent leader proved to be quite distant, and Verteuil remained in his position for another three months. 794:

On this day, the peasant insurgents protesting against mass conscription inflicted the most significant defeat on the Republicans since the inception of the revolt. The news reached Paris and caused considerable astonishment among the deputies of the

1167:

department were the first to adopt a military organization, establishing a precedent that was subsequently emulated by other groups. As early as March, they constituted a gathering designated the "Catholic Army" or the "Catholic-Royal Army."

1852:

in this last affair. I am assured that our side killed more than half of them. The position was unfavorable, and the darkness was thick. We may well have killed nearly 800 brigands since we started fighting. Some leaders have perished.

1401:. The first fugitives reached the city on March 20 at 5 a.m. The four representatives on mission arrived at approximately 8 or 9 p.m. Marcé followed shortly after and was among the last to return. Other soldiers retreated to 1275:

Despite the common designation of the engagement as the "Battle of Pont-Charrault," a designation that reflects an initial tendency to present inaccurate information in Republican reports, the battle occurred to the north of

1397:. Marcé arrived in Sainte-Hermine at 6 a.m. and was promptly dismissed by the representatives on mission. The officers were unable to rally their men, and the flight resumed the following morning, only stopping at 872:, resulting in the deaths of between 25 and 30 individuals. The peasantry rapidly selected members of the nobility as their leaders, largely due to their extensive military experience. Prominent figures included 3435: 3237: 3222: 1106:, with four cannons. The majority of the combatants were inexperienced and some were lacking ammunition. Marcé stated that he had 2,000 men when he entered insurgent territory. In his report dated March 21, 1644:, they accused Marcé of "the most cowardly incompetence" or "the most cowardly treason." Furthermore, they had his eldest son, aged 18, arrested, citing compelling evidence that both were complicit in the 1364:, the battalions "were so panicked that they perceived enemies in every direction, even in the absence of any actual adversaries." After three hours of combat, the Republicans were completely routed. 1470:

cite a figure of 500 dead. Additionally, the Republicans left behind a cannon, a considerable quantity of rifles, 2,400 cartridges, and a thousand pounds of gunpowder in the hands of the insurgents.

448: 628: 823: 1955: 1834: 1575: 1354: 925: 523: 170: 1030: 473: 398: 468: 955: 758: 388: 165: 1513:. However, en route, they were slaughtered by a mob of 200 to 300 individuals, and their corpses were decapitated, emasculated, or dismembered. The following day, two religious men from 563: 433: 1560: 1499: 1586: 1068: 463: 1230: 543: 230: 1671:

In the context of mounting suspicion towards aristocrats, Auguis and Carra, upon learning that one of the insurgent leaders was named Verteuil, posited that he must be the son of

553: 443: 1280:, specifically within the confines of the Guérinière valley. The precise location of the battle was situated between two bridges: the Gravereau Bridge, to the south along the 3482: 533: 1619: 1372: 877: 196: 1415: 810:

The repercussions of this battle, which took place in the Vendée department, were so significant that the uprising in the West subsequently became known as the "War in the

498: 438: 1185: 623: 488: 418: 218: 548: 936: 668: 583: 413: 300: 175: 508: 423: 393: 453: 383: 1541: 713: 1672: 914: 403: 335: 408: 1200: 718: 693: 518: 223: 1494:, the announcement of the defeat caused a general sense of astonishment among the population, and a pervasive fear of "brigands" emerged. On March 21, four 46: 678: 284: 1935: 1604: 1307: 1126: 478: 368: 185: 856:, where they perpetrated the massacre of approximately 50 to 60 National Guardsmen and patriotic administrators. On the same day, the National Guard of 493: 1630: 1530: 1383: 613: 578: 568: 428: 1325:. The Republicans were indecisive. Some troops suspected an enemy attack, while others believed they heard the singing of the French national anthem, 1438: 1318:

Basse-Rivière Bridge had also been obstructed. While awaiting the necessary repairs, the soldiers proceeded in a line through the Guérinière valley.

1460: 3253:

Nouvelle histoire de la France contemporaine, t. 2 : La République jacobine : Terreur, guerre et gouvernement révolutionnaire, 1792-1794

1693:. They found the defeat of regular troops at the hands of peasants incomprehensible and could only offer an explanation that invoked treason. The 1082:, and a few gunners with four field pieces. However, the column was reinforced along the way by several hundred National Guardsmen, notably from 1645: 1770:

In the early days of April 1793, the Republican forces could successfully suppress the insurrection that had been occurring in the regions of

993:. On March 14, General Marcé departed from La Rochelle with a column of 1,100 to 1,200 men and four cannons, embarking on the road to Nantes. 1145: 1035: 3477: 1878: 1449: 1281: 1261: 328: 1762: 1591: 1321:

At approximately 3 or 4 p.m., as repairs on the second bridge were nearing completion, a group was observed in the northern vicinity of

1073: 779:, is known in historiography as the "Battle of Pont-Charrault." This designation is due to inaccuracies in initial Republican reports. 1012:

On March 18, the civil commission of Sainte-Hermine requisitioned horses and carts for the purpose of supplying the column with food.

1794:

department. This territory is historically designated as the "Military Vendée," a term used to differentiate it from the department.

1434: 213: 1005:

behind 40 dead and three cannons. That same day, Marcé received reinforcements and announced his intention to continue his march to

1580: 1359: 973:. Verteuil initially appeared to intend to assist Les Sables. However, during the night of March 13-14, he received a letter from 930: 92: 1498:

who had been imprisoned since October 1792 for refusing to comply with the orders of the French Revolution were removed from the

799:, who perceived themselves to be confronting a vast conspiracy. Accused of treason, General Marcé was sentenced to death by the 321: 749:, also called the Battle of Gravereau Bridge or the Battle of La Guérinière, occurred on March 19, 1793, at the outset of the 36: 3382: 3321: 960: 891:. However, many demonstrated minimal enthusiasm for an insurrection they perceived futile and were compelled to participate. 763: 1217:

camp. They were equipped with diverse weapons, including rifles, pikes, and scythes. During this period, the bands from the

771:

The battle, which occurred in the Guérinière valley, near the Gravereau and Basse-Rivière bridges, between the communes of

1565: 1552: 1504: 3497: 3492: 3458: 3424: 3405: 3363: 3344: 3302: 3283: 814:." Additionally, the rebels from the various insurgent departments began to be collectively referred to as "Vendéens." 1754:

the coastline necessitated the continuous deployment of troops in the ports and islands that dominated the coastline.

1235: 3260: 1979: 1742: 1706: 1729:. On May 11, the Society of Friends of Liberty and Equality of La Rochelle also submitted a formal complaint to the 3397: 1978:

Excerpt from the interrogation of General Marcé by Judge Antonin Roussillon, in the presence of Public Prosecutor

3502: 1213:

From March 16 to 19, a considerable number of insurgents, estimated at between 5,000 and 6,000, assembled at the

3417:« Détruisez la Vendée ! » Regards croisés sur les victimes et destructions de la guerre de Vendée 1921:

the army could be deployed, and the artillery directed, was proposed in vain by Citizen Niou to General Marcé.

985:

had been destroyed. The initial objective was subsequently modified at the request or with the agreement of the

1624: 1377: 882: 3487: 1420: 1029:

on March 14, Marcé's column comprised over one thousand combatants. The contingent comprised 400 men from the

1367:

The fugitives traversed the municipalities of Saint-Vincent-Sterlanges and Chantonnay, subsequently reaching

1256: 1177: 888: 201: 1649: 633: 152: 1190: 1064: 1053: 1045: 1041: 970: 783: 733: 638: 1559:

Following his dismissal, General Marcé was apprehended on the evening of March 20 and incarcerated in the

1110:

stated that he had 2,400 men at his disposal, along with nine cannons. Deschamps, the commissioner of the

528: 1653: 941: 618: 483: 363: 1337: 1196: 1103: 206: 3275: 1571: 1514: 1437:, posits a toll of 400 to 500 dead and 200 to 300 prisoners. In their respective historical accounts, 1300: 1169: 1119: 986: 873: 754: 1778:. Nevertheless, the insurgents retained control of a region encompassing the southern portion of the 1095: 345: 1766:

View in 2015 of the plaque beneath the commemorative cross erected at L'Oie by the Souvenir vendéen.

1546: 1474: 1430: 1181: 1677: 1277: 919: 776: 723: 82: 1222: 1056: 954:, Verteuil announced the deployment of reinforcements on March 12. On March 13, Division General 845: 648: 608: 503: 235: 3449:

Valin, Claudy (2010). "La bataille inaugurale dite du "Pont Charrault". Réalité et résonnance".

598: 313: 1734:

that Marcé would be punished severely, in the interest of the Revolution and national justice.

1730: 1726: 1722: 1713:, a member of the Montagnard faction, asserted that Marcé could only be "a fool or a traitor." 1517:

were disembarked in La Rochelle by a ship from Les Sables-d'Olonne and suffered the same fate.

1248: 1205: 947: 800: 643: 593: 373: 1873:

Christophe Violleau, Charles Cornuault, Jean Ogeard, and Louis Hullé, respectively curates of

1799: 1750: 1618:

Niou and Trullard merely alluded to a "strange and cruel" defeat, whereas the representatives

1371:

between 3 and 4 a.m. There, representatives Niou and Trullard were joined by their colleagues

1137: 1049: 1738: 1107: 140: 1353:

signs of panic, which rapidly disseminated throughout the entire army. According to Colonel

1087: 683: 1710: 1609: 1312: 1131: 573: 750: 351: 28: 8: 1939: 1690: 1635: 1535: 1426: 1388: 1115: 796: 688: 588: 1958:

before the commissioners of the district and the commune of La Rochelle, March 22, 1793.

1807: 1779: 1657: 1226: 996: 853: 657: 240: 1874: 1837:

before the commissioners of the district and the commune of La Rochelle, March 22, 1793

1443: 894: 698: 673: 603: 191: 1806:

department highlights its vigilance against royalist forces, as do Maine-et-Loire and

1714: 1465: 558: 3454: 3420: 3401: 3378: 3359: 3340: 3317: 3298: 3279: 3256: 1858: 1495: 1394: 910: 857: 728: 538: 458: 1059:, including 100 cavalrymen. Additionally, the contingent comprised 150 men from the 829: 1775: 1218: 1172:

was appointed as the general-in-chief. Other commanders included Louis Sapinaud de

513: 1525: 3441: 3243: 3228: 1327: 708: 663: 1702: 1344: 1136:

mentioned 2,300 men with eight cannons. This last number is cited by historians

1783: 1648:'s plot. Ultimately, on April 6, Auguis and Carra drew a parallel with General 1641: 1510: 1368: 1150: 974: 869: 1803: 1787: 1111: 828:

In the opening days of March 1793, the introduction of universal conscription

3471: 1322: 865: 703: 107: 94: 981:

was obstructed by approximately 10,000 rebels and that the bridges north of

1883: 1694: 1454: 1286: 1266: 1141: 849: 3419:(in French). La Roche-sur-Yon: Centre vendéen de recherches historiques. 3316:(in French). La Roche-sur-Yon: Centre vendéen de recherches historiques. 1931: 1725:

interceded, urging instead that the general be tried in Paris before the

1718: 1600: 1491: 1398: 1303: 1122: 1079: 1060: 1026: 990: 966: 906: 787: 180: 1083: 1296: 982: 909:, located to the south of the insurgent-controlled territory, the 12th 1857:

Letter from the substitute deputy Jean-Baptiste Martineau, written in

1893: 1698: 1173: 841: 78: 1905:

Jacques-Pierre Dauche, 47 years old, and André Verger, 34 years old.

1791: 1291:; and the Basse-Rivière Bridge, to the north along the Vendronneau. 1164: 837: 811: 1889: 1771: 1473:

In contrast to the relatively low number of casualties reported by

1214: 1114:

department, reported 3,500 men on March 18. In their report to the

951: 861: 832:

to a series of insurrections across a dozen departments in western

772: 86: 50: 1749:

The hypothesis in question lacks historical support. Accordingly,

1091: 1757: 1574:. He was subsequently replaced by his second-in-command, Colonel 343: 946:. In response to a request for assistance from the districts of 848:

on March 12. On the 13th, the insurgents proceeded to seize Les

3336: 1332: 1006: 978: 833: 757:, were pitted against a Republican column commanded by General 135: 3242:(in French). Vol. III. Paris: Paul Dupont. Archived from 1686: 1402: 1099: 860:

was decisively defeated at the Quatre-chemins crossroads, in

804: 1665: 1661: 1520: 840:

department, the insurrection commenced with the capture of

54: 42: 3255:. Points. Histoire (in French). Paris: Éditions du Seuil. 1640:

elaborated further. Having observed the troops' defeat in

791:

Rochelle, leaving several hundred men on the battlefield.

3440:(in French). Vol. I. Baudouin frères. Archived from 3333:

Par principe d'humanité... : La Terreur et la Vendée

1180:, Jean-Félix Clabat du Chillou, the brothers Auguste and 3437:

Guerres des Vendéens et des Chouans contre la République

3377:. Points Histoire (in French). Paris: Éditions Points. 1689:

on March 23, eliciting shock among the deputies of the

1717:petitioned for the convening of a court-martial in 3483:Royalist military leaders of the War in the Vendée 1709:advanced the hypothesis of an English conspiracy. 1348:View from Pont-Charron, on the Grand Lay, in 2017. 3469: 1331:, and thought reinforcements were arriving from 291: 3239:La préparation de la guerre de Vendée 1789-1793 1656:. They recalled that Dumouriez had served as a 3314:Vendée : les archives de l'extermination 1000:Map of the Vendée insurrection in March 1793. 329: 1782:department, the southwestern section of the 1685:The news of the Pont-Charrault rout reached 1163:The insurgents from the eastern part of the 16:Battle occurred during the War in the Vendée 1786:department, the northwestern region of the 1485: 1260:2017 view of the Gravereau bridge over the 803:and subsequently executed by guillotine in 3227:(in French). Émile Grimaud. Archived from 3220: 2832: 1433:, relying on the notes of his grandfather 913:was under the command of Division General 336: 322: 45:of the commemorative cross erected by the 35: 1930:Report of the representatives on mission 1790:department, and the northern zone of the 3451:Histoire militaire des guerres de Vendée 3414: 3205: 1761: 1697:exploited the opportunity to accuse the 1524: 1521:Dismissal and execution of General Marcé 1343: 1255: 1247: 995: 901:, engraving by Thomas Drake, circa 1850. 893: 3235: 3136: 3100: 3032: 3013: 2798: 2786: 2755: 2703: 2628: 2616: 2576: 2555: 2543: 2526: 2479: 2460: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2397: 2382: 2302: 782:The Republican troops, dispatched from 3470: 3433: 3391: 3372: 3330: 3311: 3292: 3269: 3181: 3177: 3175: 3162: 3160: 3151: 3147: 3145: 3124: 3112: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3083: 3079: 3077: 3068: 3064: 3062: 3053: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3001: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2978: 2966: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2945: 2933: 2929: 2927: 2918: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2897: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2861: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2828: 2826: 2817: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2743: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2718: 2714: 2712: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2448: 2436: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2393: 2391: 2370: 2366: 2364: 2331: 2319: 2290: 2189: 2074: 1240:, joined the ranks of Royrand's army. 3448: 3297:. Époques (in French). Champ Vallon. 3250: 3166: 2878: 2844: 2767: 2659: 2640: 2514: 2502: 2355: 2343: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2241: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2118: 2095: 2049: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2006: 1737:Marcé was incarcerated in May at the 1652:'s betrayal in Belgium following the 824:Battle of Chantonnay (March 17, 1793) 317: 3353: 3193: 2676: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2237: 2235: 2226: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2002: 2000: 1758:Beginning of the "War in the Vendée" 1252:Map of the battle of Pont-Charrault. 3434:Savary, Jean Julien Michel (1824). 3172: 3157: 3142: 3089: 3074: 3059: 3038: 3019: 2984: 2951: 2924: 2903: 2884: 2867: 2850: 2823: 2804: 2773: 2724: 2709: 2682: 2665: 2646: 2603: 2582: 2561: 2532: 2485: 2466: 2403: 2388: 2361: 1243: 13: 2308: 1705:and incompetence. Girondin deputy 1020: 14: 3514: 3453:(in French). Éditions Economica. 3358:(in French). Éditions Economica. 2247: 2232: 2195: 2124: 2101: 2080: 2055: 2012: 1997: 1673:Marc-Antoine Malleret de Verteuil 1015: 915:Marc-Antoine Malleret de Verteuil 753:. The Vendéen insurgents, led by 3478:Battles of the War in the Vendée 3398:Presses Universitaires de France 1553:Bibliothèque nationale de France 1295:12:30 p.m., Marcé departed from 1052:volunteers and 500 men from the 836:. In the eastern portion of the 290: 283: 146: 134: 3356:La Guerre de Vendée (1793-1796) 3236:Chassin, Charles-Louis (1892). 3214: 3199: 3187: 3130: 3118: 3106: 3007: 2972: 2939: 2838: 2792: 2761: 2749: 2634: 2622: 2549: 2520: 2508: 2454: 2442: 2376: 2349: 2337: 2325: 2296: 1908: 1899: 1867: 1843: 1819: 1480: 1435:Amédée-François-Paul de Béjarry 1158: 924:, who was assisted by Colonels 868:, and subsequently withdrew to 1509:prison and transferred to the 1: 3392:Martin, Jean-Clément (2022). 3375:La guerre de Vendée 1793-1800 3373:Martin, Jean-Clément (2014). 1991: 1178:Charles Sapinaud de La Rairie 1063:National Guard, 140 from the 889:Charles Sapinaud de La Rairie 202:Charles Sapinaud de La Rairie 1231:Charles-François de Chouppes 1065:4th Marine Infantry Regiment 977:that indicated the route to 231:Charles-François de Chouppes 7: 3221:de Béjarry, Amédée (1884). 1373:Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Auguis 878:Louis Sapinaud de La Verrie 844:and the disarmament of its 197:Louis Sapinaud de La Verrie 10: 3519: 3415:Hussenet, Jacques (2007). 3295:La Vendée : 1789-1793 1572:representatives on mission 1338:La Marseillaise des Blancs 1197:Jacques Alexis de Verteuil 1120:representatives on mission 821: 817: 449:1st Beaulieu-sous-la-Roche 207:Jacques Alexis de Verteuil 3498:Persecution of Christians 3493:Religion-based civil wars 1408: 1393:, who had proceeded from 1299:with most of his troops. 969:with 900 men gathered in 359: 347:French Revolutionary Wars 278: 261: 246: 158: 127: 61: 34: 26: 21: 1813: 1486:Massacres in La Rochelle 1416:Jean-François Goupilleau 1278:Saint-Vincent-Sterlanges 1025:Upon its departure from 987:representative on missio 777:Saint-Vincent-Sterlanges 747:Battle of Pont-Charrault 83:Saint-Vincent-Sterlanges 22:Battle of Pont-Charrault 1896:, all in their sixties. 1515:Saint-Laurent-sur-Sèvre 3503:18th century in France 3331:Gérard, Alain (1999). 3312:Gérard, Alain (2013). 3293:Gérard, Alain (1993). 3270:Gabory, Émile (2009). 1985: 1961: 1945: 1864: 1840: 1767: 1731:Revolutionary Tribunal 1727:Revolutionary Tribunal 1587:60th Infantry Regiment 1556: 1349: 1272: 1253: 1186:Gabriel Baudry d'Asson 1069:60th Infantry Regiment 1001: 902: 801:Revolutionary Tribunal 629:2nd Moulin-aux-Chèvres 524:1st Moulin-aux-Chèvres 304:Location within France 219:Gabriel Baudry d'Asson 159:Commanders and leaders 3444:on December 16, 2021. 3272:Les Guerres de Vendée 3251:Dupuy, Roger (2005). 3246:on December 14, 2021. 1962: 1946: 1914: 1849: 1825: 1765: 1646:Marquis de La Rouërie 1561:La Rochelle City Hall 1528: 1347: 1259: 1251: 1195:, Aimé de Vaugirard, 999: 937:Esprit Baudry d'Asson 897: 434:1st Port-Saint-Pierre 262:Casualties and losses 176:Esprit Baudry d'Asson 108:46.763972°N 1.10500°W 3396:(in French). Paris: 1654:Battle of Neerwinden 1155:, and Claudy Valin. 1098:, and possibly from 474:1st La Châtaigneraie 301:class=notpageimage| 269:200 to 300 prisoners 210:• Auguste de Béjarry 3354:Gras, Yves (1994). 1982:, on July 26, 1793. 1940:National Convention 1800:Jean-Clément Martin 1751:Jean-Clément Martin 1691:National Convention 1542:François Bonneville 1427:National Convention 1201:Mathieu de Verteuil 1138:Jean-Clément Martin 1116:National Convention 1050:Charente-Inférieure 797:National Convention 469:2nd Port-Saint-Père 399:2nd Sables-d'Olonne 389:1st Sables-d'Olonne 227:• Aimé de Vaugirard 224:Mathieu de Verteuil 113:46.763972; -1.10500 104: / 3488:People from Vendée 3224:Souvenirs vendéens 3103:, pp. 491–492 3035:, pp. 479–480 2981:, pp. 115–116 2789:, pp. 508–509 2721:, pp. 116–119 2706:, pp. 476–479 2631:, pp. 415–418 2619:, pp. 326–327 2546:, pp. 473–474 2400:, pp. 455–456 2305:, pp. 313–320 2293:, pp. 117–118 2192:, pp. 118–120 2098:, pp. 177–178 2052:, pp. 180–181 1875:La Chapelle-Gaudin 1768: 1721:to try Marcé, but 1707:Lecointe-Puyraveau 1557: 1425:, a deputy to the 1350: 1273: 1254: 1170:Charles de Royrand 1088:Chaillé-les-Marais 1002: 903: 874:Charles de Royrand 755:Charles de Royrand 464:1st Saint-Colombin 257:5,000 to 6,000 men 192:Charles de Royrand 3384:978-2-7578-3656-9 3323:978-2-911253-55-3 3231:on June 29, 2022. 1980:Fouquier-Tinville 1942:, March 21, 1793. 1938:addressed to the 1859:Fontenay-le-Comte 1743:Fouquier-Tinville 1475:Amédée de Béjarry 1431:Amédée de Béjarry 1395:Fontenay-le-Comte 1182:Amédée de Béjarry 1054:Rochefort-sur-Mer 911:military division 858:Fontenay-le-Comte 751:War in the Vendée 742: 741: 484:Fontenay-le-Comte 352:War in the Vendée 312: 311: 271:1 cannon captured 267:300 to 500 deaths 214:Amédée de Béjarry 186:Narcisse Trullard 123: 122: 29:War in the Vendée 3510: 3464: 3445: 3430: 3411: 3388: 3369: 3350: 3327: 3308: 3289: 3266: 3247: 3232: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3170: 3164: 3155: 3149: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3087: 3081: 3072: 3071:, pp. 43–44 3066: 3057: 3056:, pp. 44–45 3051: 3036: 3030: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2982: 2976: 2970: 2964: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2936:, pp. 26–29 2931: 2922: 2916: 2901: 2895: 2882: 2876: 2865: 2864:, pp. 21–26 2859: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2835:, pp. 61–63 2830: 2821: 2820:, pp. 20–21 2815: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2722: 2716: 2707: 2701: 2680: 2674: 2663: 2657: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2601: 2595: 2580: 2574: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2483: 2477: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2439:, pp. 33–34 2434: 2401: 2395: 2386: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2245: 2239: 2230: 2224: 2193: 2187: 2122: 2116: 2099: 2093: 2078: 2072: 2053: 2047: 2010: 2004: 1986: 1983: 1959: 1956:Henri de Boulard 1943: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1897: 1887: 1871: 1865: 1862: 1861:, March 21, 1793 1847: 1841: 1838: 1835:Henri de Boulard 1823: 1808:Loire-Inférieure 1780:Loire-Inférieure 1681: 1639: 1628: 1613: 1595: 1584: 1576:Henri de Boulard 1569: 1550: 1539: 1531:Jean-Louis Carra 1508: 1469: 1458: 1447: 1424: 1392: 1384:Jean-Louis Carra 1381: 1363: 1355:Henri de Boulard 1316: 1290: 1270: 1244:Course of events 1239: 1227:Céleste Bulkeley 1223:William Bulkeley 1219:La Roche-sur-Yon 1209: 1194: 1154: 1135: 1077: 1039: 964: 945: 934: 926:Henri de Boulard 923: 886: 767: 658:Virée de Galerne 564:La Roche-sur-Yon 499:Montreuil-Bellay 354: 348: 338: 331: 324: 315: 314: 294: 293: 287: 241:Céleste Bulkeley 236:William Bulkeley 171:Henri de Boulard 151: 150: 149: 139: 138: 119: 118: 116: 115: 114: 109: 105: 102: 101: 100: 97: 63: 62: 47:Souvenir Vendéen 39: 19: 18: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3508: 3507: 3468: 3467: 3461: 3427: 3408: 3385: 3366: 3347: 3324: 3305: 3286: 3263: 3217: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3180: 3173: 3165: 3158: 3150: 3143: 3135: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3111: 3107: 3099: 3090: 3082: 3075: 3067: 3060: 3052: 3039: 3031: 3020: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2965: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2925: 2917: 2904: 2896: 2885: 2877: 2868: 2860: 2851: 2843: 2839: 2833:de Béjarry 1884 2831: 2824: 2816: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2785: 2774: 2766: 2762: 2754: 2750: 2742: 2725: 2717: 2710: 2702: 2683: 2675: 2666: 2658: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2627: 2623: 2615: 2604: 2596: 2583: 2575: 2562: 2554: 2550: 2542: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2501: 2486: 2478: 2467: 2459: 2455: 2447: 2443: 2435: 2404: 2396: 2389: 2381: 2377: 2369: 2362: 2354: 2350: 2342: 2338: 2330: 2326: 2318: 2309: 2301: 2297: 2289: 2248: 2240: 2233: 2225: 2196: 2188: 2125: 2117: 2102: 2094: 2081: 2073: 2056: 2048: 2013: 2005: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1977: 1960: 1953: 1944: 1929: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1881: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1856: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1832: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1760: 1675: 1633: 1622: 1607: 1589: 1578: 1563: 1544: 1540:, engraving by 1533: 1523: 1502: 1488: 1483: 1463: 1452: 1441: 1439:Auguste Billaud 1418: 1411: 1386: 1375: 1357: 1328:La Marseillaise 1310: 1301:Representatives 1284: 1264: 1246: 1233: 1221:region, led by 1203: 1188: 1161: 1148: 1129: 1078:, a platoon of 1071: 1033: 1023: 1021:Republican army 1018: 958: 948:Sables-d'Olonne 939: 928: 917: 899:Le Pont-Charron 880: 826: 820: 761: 743: 738: 734:2nd Noirmoutier 653: 639:2nd Noirmoutier 624:Treize-Septiers 619:1st Noirmoutier 534:Martigné-Briand 355: 346: 344: 342: 308: 307: 306: 305: 303: 297: 296: 295: 270: 268: 253: 238: 233: 228: 226: 221: 216: 211: 209: 204: 199: 194: 183: 178: 173: 168: 147: 145: 141:French Republic 133: 112: 110: 106: 103: 98: 95: 93: 91: 90: 89: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3516: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3466: 3465: 3460:978-2717858280 3459: 3446: 3431: 3426:978-2911253348 3425: 3412: 3407:978-2130829676 3406: 3389: 3383: 3370: 3365:978-2717826005 3364: 3351: 3346:978-2213603995 3345: 3328: 3322: 3309: 3304:978-2876731608 3303: 3290: 3285:978-2221113097 3284: 3276:Robert Laffont 3267: 3261: 3248: 3233: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3198: 3186: 3171: 3156: 3141: 3129: 3117: 3105: 3088: 3073: 3058: 3037: 3018: 3006: 2983: 2971: 2950: 2938: 2923: 2902: 2883: 2866: 2849: 2837: 2822: 2803: 2791: 2772: 2760: 2748: 2723: 2708: 2681: 2664: 2645: 2633: 2621: 2602: 2581: 2560: 2548: 2531: 2519: 2507: 2484: 2465: 2453: 2441: 2402: 2387: 2375: 2360: 2348: 2336: 2324: 2307: 2295: 2246: 2231: 2194: 2123: 2100: 2079: 2054: 2011: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1987: 1975: 1954:Deposition of 1951: 1927: 1907: 1898: 1866: 1854: 1842: 1833:Deposition of 1830: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1784:Maine-et-Loire 1759: 1756: 1642:Sainte-Hermine 1522: 1519: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1410: 1407: 1369:Sainte-Hermine 1245: 1242: 1160: 1157: 1067:, 50 from the 1057:National Guard 1046:4th battalions 1022: 1019: 1017: 1016:Forces present 1014: 975:Sainte-Hermine 956:Louis de Marcé 870:Sainte-Hermine 846:National Guard 819: 816: 759:Louis de Marcé 740: 739: 737: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 669:Croix-Bataille 666: 661: 652: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 379:Pont-Charrault 376: 371: 366: 360: 357: 356: 341: 340: 333: 326: 318: 310: 309: 299: 298: 289: 288: 282: 281: 280: 279: 276: 275: 272: 264: 263: 259: 258: 255: 249: 248: 244: 243: 188: 166:Louis de Marcé 161: 160: 156: 155: 143: 130: 129: 125: 124: 121: 120: 77: 75: 71: 70: 69:March 19, 1793 67: 59: 58: 32: 31: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3515: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3462: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3438: 3432: 3428: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3367: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3342: 3338: 3335:(in French). 3334: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3300: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3281: 3277: 3274:(in French). 3273: 3268: 3264: 3262:2-02-039818-4 3258: 3254: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3207: 3206:Hussenet 2007 3202: 3195: 3190: 3183: 3178: 3176: 3169:, p. 106 3168: 3163: 3161: 3153: 3148: 3146: 3139:, p. 502 3138: 3133: 3126: 3121: 3114: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3085: 3080: 3078: 3070: 3065: 3063: 3055: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3034: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3015: 3010: 3003: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2980: 2975: 2969:, p. 121 2968: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2948:, p. 101 2947: 2942: 2935: 2930: 2928: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2900:, p. 100 2899: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2881:, p. 188 2880: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2863: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2847:, p. 186 2846: 2841: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2819: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2801:, p. 473 2800: 2795: 2788: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2770:, p. 190 2769: 2764: 2758:, p. 476 2757: 2752: 2745: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2720: 2715: 2713: 2705: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2678: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2662:, p. 174 2661: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2643:, p. 173 2642: 2637: 2630: 2625: 2618: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2599: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2579:, p. 475 2578: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2558:, p. 468 2557: 2552: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2529:, p. 469 2528: 2523: 2517:, p. 182 2516: 2511: 2505:, p. 105 2504: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2482:, p. 465 2481: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2463:, p. 463 2462: 2457: 2451:, p. 114 2450: 2445: 2438: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2399: 2394: 2392: 2385:, p. 454 2384: 2379: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2358:, p. 176 2357: 2352: 2346:, p. 175 2345: 2340: 2334:, p. 103 2333: 2328: 2321: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2304: 2299: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2244:, p. 108 2243: 2238: 2236: 2228: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2191: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2121:, p. 189 2120: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2097: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2009:, p. 172 2008: 2003: 2001: 1996: 1981: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1957: 1950: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1911: 1902: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1870: 1860: 1853: 1846: 1836: 1829: 1822: 1818: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1764: 1755: 1752: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1739:Abbaye prison 1735: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1660:in Vendée in 1659: 1658:field marshal 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1637: 1632: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1602: 1599:On March 21, 1597: 1593: 1588: 1582: 1577: 1573: 1567: 1562: 1554: 1548: 1543: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1478: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1456: 1451: 1445: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1422: 1417: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1390: 1385: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1346: 1342: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1323:Saint-Fulgent 1319: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1302: 1298: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1250: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1192: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1037: 1032: 1028: 1013: 1010: 1008: 998: 994: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 962: 957: 953: 949: 943: 938: 932: 927: 921: 916: 912: 908: 900: 896: 892: 890: 884: 879: 875: 871: 867: 866:Saint-Fulgent 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 825: 815: 813: 808: 806: 802: 798: 792: 789: 785: 780: 778: 774: 769: 765: 760: 756: 752: 748: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 659: 655: 654: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 634:2nd Châtillon 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 609:Saint-Fulgent 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 554:Château d'Aux 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 529:1st Châtillon 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 489:3rd Machecoul 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 444:1st Beaupréau 442: 440: 439:2nd Machecoul 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 424:Saint-Gervais 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 364:1st Machecoul 362: 361: 358: 353: 349: 339: 334: 332: 327: 325: 320: 319: 316: 302: 286: 277: 273: 266: 265: 260: 256: 251: 250: 245: 242: 237: 232: 225: 220: 215: 208: 203: 198: 193: 189: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 163: 162: 157: 154: 144: 142: 137: 132: 131: 126: 117: 88: 84: 80: 76: 73: 72: 68: 65: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 38: 33: 30: 25: 20: 3450: 3442:the original 3436: 3416: 3394:Les Vendéens 3393: 3374: 3355: 3332: 3313: 3294: 3271: 3252: 3244:the original 3238: 3229:the original 3223: 3215:Bibliography 3208:, p. 32 3201: 3196:, p. 28 3189: 3184:, p. 40 3154:, p. 46 3137:Chassin 1892 3132: 3127:, p. 43 3120: 3115:, p. 16 3108: 3101:Chassin 1892 3086:, p. 35 3033:Chassin 1892 3016:, p. 99 3014:Chassin 1892 3009: 3004:, p. 99 2974: 2941: 2921:, p. 42 2840: 2799:Chassin 1892 2794: 2787:Chassin 1892 2763: 2756:Chassin 1892 2751: 2746:, p. 98 2704:Chassin 1892 2679:, p. 26 2636: 2629:Chassin 1892 2624: 2617:Chassin 1892 2600:, p. 97 2577:Chassin 1892 2556:Chassin 1892 2551: 2544:Chassin 1892 2527:Chassin 1892 2522: 2510: 2480:Chassin 1892 2461:Chassin 1892 2456: 2444: 2398:Chassin 1892 2383:Chassin 1892 2378: 2373:, p. 32 2351: 2339: 2327: 2322:, p. 96 2303:Chassin 1892 2298: 2229:, p. 27 2077:, p. 41 1971: 1967: 1963: 1947: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1901: 1869: 1850: 1845: 1826: 1821: 1796: 1769: 1748: 1736: 1684: 1670: 1617: 1598: 1558: 1529:Portrait of 1489: 1481:Consequences 1472: 1461:Émile Gabory 1412: 1366: 1351: 1336: 1326: 1320: 1293: 1274: 1212: 1162: 1159:Vendéen army 1142:Alain Gérard 1024: 1011: 1003: 904: 898: 827: 809: 793: 781: 770: 746: 744: 656: 644:La Tremblaye 604:2nd Montaigu 584:1st Montaigu 378: 128:Belligerents 96:46°45′50.3″N 3182:Martin 2014 3152:Martin 2014 3125:Martin 2022 3113:Martin 2022 3084:Gérard 2013 3069:Martin 2014 3054:Martin 2014 3002:Gérard 1999 2979:Savary 1824 2967:Gabory 2009 2946:Gérard 1999 2934:Gérard 2013 2919:Martin 2014 2898:Gérard 1999 2862:Gérard 2013 2818:Gérard 2013 2744:Gérard 1999 2719:Savary 1824 2598:Gérard 1999 2449:Savary 1824 2437:Gérard 2013 2371:Gérard 2013 2332:Martin 2014 2320:Gérard 1999 2291:Gérard 1993 2190:Gabory 2009 2075:Martin 2014 1882: [ 1804:Deux-Sèvres 1788:Deux-Sèvres 1723:Robespierre 1719:La Rochelle 1695:Montagnards 1676: [ 1634: [ 1623: [ 1608: [ 1590: [ 1579: [ 1564: [ 1545: [ 1534: [ 1503: [ 1492:La Rochelle 1464: [ 1453: [ 1442: [ 1419: [ 1414:colleague, 1399:La Rochelle 1387: [ 1376: [ 1358: [ 1311: [ 1285: [ 1265: [ 1234: [ 1204: [ 1189: [ 1149: [ 1146:Roger Dupuy 1130: [ 1112:Deux-Sèvres 1072: [ 1061:La Rochelle 1034: [ 1027:La Rochelle 991:Joseph Niou 967:La Rochelle 965:arrived in 959: [ 940: [ 929: [ 918: [ 907:La Rochelle 881: [ 864:, south of 788:La Rochelle 762: [ 544:Ponts-de-Cé 181:Joseph Niou 111: / 3472:Categories 3167:Dupuy 2005 2879:Valin 2010 2845:Valin 2010 2768:Valin 2010 2660:Valin 2010 2641:Valin 2010 2515:Valin 2010 2503:Dupuy 2005 2356:Valin 2010 2344:Valin 2010 2242:Dupuy 2005 2119:Valin 2010 2096:Valin 2010 2050:Valin 2010 2007:Valin 2010 1992:References 1973:objection. 1798:historian 1703:moderation 1297:Chantonnay 983:Chantonnay 822:See also: 649:2nd Cholet 599:Pont-Barré 574:Chantonnay 394:2nd Pornic 384:1st Pornic 374:1st Cholet 274:250 deaths 3194:Gras 1994 2677:Gras 1994 2227:Gras 1994 1894:Largeasse 1879:Noirterre 1699:Girondins 1650:Dumouriez 1585:, of the 1511:Île de Ré 1500:city hall 1450:Yves Gras 1282:Petit Lay 1262:Petit Lay 1174:La Verrie 1080:gendarmes 971:Rochefort 842:Tiffauges 830:gave rise 784:Rochefort 719:Pontlieue 714:La Flèche 699:Avranches 694:Pontorson 689:Granville 589:Tiffauges 559:3rd Luçon 549:2nd Luçon 519:Parthenay 509:1st Luçon 404:1st Coron 254:8 cannons 252:2,300 men 99:1°06′18″W 79:Mouchamps 1976:— 1952:— 1936:Trullard 1928:— 1890:Noirlieu 1855:— 1831:— 1772:Brittany 1605:Trullard 1551:, 1797, 1308:Trullard 1127:Trullard 1108:Verteuil 1084:Surgères 952:Challans 854:Montaigu 850:Herbiers 684:Fougères 674:Entrames 454:1st Legé 419:Challans 409:Chemillé 247:Strength 153:Vendeans 74:Location 41:View in 27:Part of 1711:Tallien 1570:by the 1496:priests 1104:Saintes 818:Prelude 729:Savenay 724:Le Mans 539:Vihiers 479:Palluau 459:Thouars 414:Aubiers 369:Jallais 3457: 3423: 3404: 3381: 3362: 3343: 3337:Fayard 3320: 3301: 3282: 3259: 1892:, and 1792:Vendée 1715:Barère 1620:Auguis 1459:, and 1409:Losses 1333:Nantes 1229:, and 1199:, and 1165:Vendée 1096:Marans 1044:, and 1007:Nantes 979:Nantes 887:, and 838:Vendée 834:France 812:Vendée 709:Angers 614:Pallet 579:Vrines 569:Vertou 514:Nantes 504:Saumur 429:Vezins 1886:] 1814:Notes 1776:Maine 1687:Paris 1680:] 1638:] 1631:Carra 1627:] 1612:] 1594:] 1583:] 1568:] 1549:] 1538:] 1507:] 1468:] 1457:] 1446:] 1423:] 1403:Niort 1391:] 1380:] 1362:] 1315:] 1289:] 1269:] 1238:] 1215:L'Oie 1208:] 1193:] 1153:] 1134:] 1100:Niort 1092:Luçon 1076:] 1038:] 963:] 944:] 933:] 922:] 885:] 862:L'Oie 805:Paris 773:L'Oie 766:] 679:Ernée 664:Laval 594:Coron 87:L'Oie 51:L'Oie 3455:ISBN 3421:ISBN 3402:ISBN 3379:ISBN 3360:ISBN 3341:ISBN 3318:ISBN 3299:ISBN 3280:ISBN 3257:ISBN 1934:and 1932:Niou 1774:and 1666:1792 1664:and 1662:1791 1629:and 1603:and 1601:Niou 1382:and 1306:and 1304:Niou 1125:and 1123:Niou 1102:and 950:and 935:and 852:and 786:and 775:and 745:The 494:Doué 85:and 66:Date 55:1949 43:2015 1701:of 1490:In 1048:of 1042:3rd 1031:2nd 905:In 704:Dol 53:in 49:in 3474:: 3400:. 3339:. 3278:. 3174:^ 3159:^ 3144:^ 3091:^ 3076:^ 3061:^ 3040:^ 3021:^ 2986:^ 2953:^ 2926:^ 2905:^ 2886:^ 2869:^ 2852:^ 2825:^ 2806:^ 2775:^ 2726:^ 2711:^ 2684:^ 2667:^ 2648:^ 2605:^ 2584:^ 2563:^ 2534:^ 2487:^ 2468:^ 2405:^ 2390:^ 2363:^ 2310:^ 2249:^ 2234:^ 2197:^ 2126:^ 2103:^ 2082:^ 2057:^ 2014:^ 1999:^ 1888:, 1884:fr 1877:, 1678:fr 1636:fr 1625:fr 1610:fr 1596:. 1592:fr 1581:fr 1566:fr 1547:fr 1536:fr 1505:fr 1466:fr 1455:fr 1448:, 1444:fr 1429:. 1421:fr 1405:. 1389:fr 1378:fr 1360:fr 1341:. 1313:fr 1287:fr 1267:fr 1236:fr 1225:, 1210:. 1206:fr 1191:fr 1184:, 1176:, 1151:fr 1144:, 1140:, 1132:fr 1118:, 1094:, 1090:, 1086:, 1074:fr 1040:, 1036:fr 1009:. 989:n 961:fr 942:fr 931:fr 920:fr 883:fr 876:, 807:. 768:. 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Knowledge

Battle of Pont-Charrault

Index