31:
205:
185:
174:
154:
141:
1454:
firepower of the
Japanese combined arms offensive, relying primarily on small arms to face the onslaught of Japanese air, naval, artillery, and armoured striking power. As the Chinese commanders had surmised, the Japanese forces were overextended, and were not in a position to pursue their victory. However, the
1440:
The
Japanese used chemical weapons against Chinese forces who lacked chemical weapons in order to compensate for when they were numerically inferior, whenever Chinese were defeating the Japanese in hand to hand combat. The Japanese did not dare to use gas against the Americans because the Americans
1436:
marched to his aid with the
Chinese 33rd Army Group. The Japanese forces rallied and pushed back the Chinese, and General Zhang Zizhong was cut down in a burst of machine gun fire when he refused to retreat from the front lines. He was the most senior Chinese commander to be killed in combat during
1453:
According to
Japanese records, the Japanese casualties were 2,700 troops killed and 7,800 wounded. Chinese records show that 11,000 Japanese troops were killed. While the Chinese 5th War Area arguably made tactically sound decisions in its battle plans, it was ultimately overwhelmed by the sheer
1444:
The
Japanese launched gas attacks against Chinese when the Chinese were defeating and overwhelming the Japanese in hand to hand combat, like at the battle of Yichang in 1941, where Japanese ground forces in the city were routed by Chinese soldiers but the Japanese deployed mustard gas to win the
1699:
After a fierce four – day hand – to – hand combat the
Chinese recaptured Ichang . When the Japanese used gas to attack Ichang , according to Chungking , the Chinese forces withdrew on Oct. 13. The Chinese and Japanese military situation
1657:
The gas squads were to be attached to forward companies or place under their direct command , and the importance of ... and tear gas candles , designed to be placed on the ground and burned , or on occasion thrown by hand , the
Japanese
1728:
After a fierce four – day hand – to – hand combat the and naval fire occupied six different points stretched over a dis- Chinese recaptured Ichang . When the
Japanese used gas to tance of 250 mi . along the Kwangtung coast , and at the
1678:
The order set up within an infantry regiment a temporary gas unit , consisting of eight squads , whose duty was to carry ... or on occasion thrown by hand , the
Japanese also have toxic smoke ( vomiting gas ) candles which are self
1636:
The order set up within an infantry regiment a temporary gas unit , consisting of eight squads , whose duty was to carry ... or on occasion thrown by hand , the
Japanese also have toxic smoke ( vomiting gas ) candles which are self
1615:
that raid was the Japanese decision to extend her defense perimeter to include the Solomon Islands . ... In three days of hand - to - hand fighting from blockhouse to blockhouse , Tarawa was " USMC entirely " ( a paraphrase of the
1466:. After considerable argument, the Japanese Army agreed to occupy Yichang. This dealt a considerable blow to the morale and fighting capacity of the Chinese as no large-scale offensive was mounted after this operation.
89:
1218:
1420:. They pushed towards the 5th warzone's strongholds in the Tongbaishan and Dahongshan mountains, attempting to encircle and destroy the Chinese 31st Army Group under General
304:
1385:
The Japanese were seeking a quicker solution to achieve a Chinese surrender. The Japanese contemplated moving directly down the Yangtze to the relocated Chinese capital,
869:
1110:
1211:
1785:
2nd Ed., 1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China. Page 334-339, Map 20, 21
1568:
1303:
829:
297:
1843:
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862:
1428:. The Chinese strategy aimed to let the Japanese forces run low on supplies, and then counterattack, as had been successfully employed at the
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290:
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855:
1748:
1671:
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384:
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and connecting the 5th and 9th war zones. The Navy felt that it was critically needed as a forward base for air attacks against
1544:
1332:
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1003:
810:
504:
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703:
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30:
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1396:
The Japanese attack did not commit many troops or material, which enabled the main Chinese commander,
879:
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791:
731:
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586:
389:
379:
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1165:
1125:
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315:
1315:
1741:
1595:. Praeger Security International (illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 50.
1524:
1263:
1258:
1253:
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1135:
963:
936:
906:
822:
670:
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593:
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527:
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1370:
1090:
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911:
683:
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958:
723:
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497:
224:
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1150:
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8:
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1550:
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483:
469:
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193:
1500:
Tower of Skulls: A History of the Asia-Pacific War, Volume I: July 1937 – May 1942
1389:. To do so, they would need to capture a critical town in western Hubei province,
1291:
1536:
1425:
1413:
1273:
1229:
1060:
1023:
847:
534:
340:
209:
204:
159:
1569:"(PDF) No Retaliation in Kind: Japanese Chemical Warfare Policy in World War II"
1697:. ContributorWalter Yust. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Incorporated. p. 172.
516:
394:
1441:
had their own chemical weapons stockpile and the Japanese feared retaliation.
1832:
1610:
1433:
345:
189:
104:
91:
1669:
1723:
1527:. In Friedrich, B.; Hoffmann, D.; Renn, J.; Schmaltz, F.; Wolf, M. (eds.).
1242:
1140:
282:
1525:"No Retaliation in Kind: Japanese Chemical Warfare Policy in World War II"
1747:(Report). Japanese Monograph. Vol. 179. Tokyo, Japan: Headquarters,
1529:
One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences
1337:
1105:
1397:
178:
1628:
United States. War Department. Military Intelligence Division (1944).
1458:
pushed strongly for the occupation of Yichang, located at the edge of
1463:
1421:
1386:
1432:. When the Japanese managed to outmaneuver Tang's forces, General
1417:
1400:, who had frustrated the Japanese before, to repel the Japanese.
1390:
79:
75:
1757:
Office of the chief of military history department of the army
1648:
1226:
83:
1812:
1670:
United States. War Department. General Staff (1944).
1365:), was one of the 22 major engagements between the
1715:Britannica Book of the Year Omnibus [1942]
1676:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 81-83.
877:
1830:
35:Japanese troops in the battle of Zaoyang-Yichang
1742:Central China area operation record 1937–1945
1212:
863:
298:
1783:History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)
312:
65:(1 month, 2 weeks and 3 days)
1711:
1476:Order of Battle: Battle of Zaoyang-Yichang
1219:
1205:
870:
856:
305:
291:
265:According to Japanese confidential files:
1825:, No. 4. in the official website of NHK.
1718:. Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 353.
1323:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936)
1264:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895)
1844:Battles of the Second Sino-Japanese War
1791:War and Nationalism in China: 1925–1945
1649:Military Intelligence Division (1944).
1588:
1522:
1493:
1491:
1831:
1734:
1690:
1408:On 1 May 1940, three divisions of the
16:Battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War
1497:
1200:
851:
286:
1811:, No. 3. in the official website of
1759:. 21 December 1955. pp. 215–218
1691:Hooper, Franklin Henry, ed. (1942).
1592:Poison Gas: The Myths Versus Reality
1488:
1781:Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai,
13:
1652:Index to Intelligence Publications
14:
1880:
1798:
1655:. War Department. p. 81-83.
1634:. War Department. p. 81-83.
1631:Enemy Tactics in Chemical Warfare
1304:German Pacific possesions (1914)
203:
183:
172:
152:
139:
29:
1279:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905)
1705:
1684:
1663:
1642:
1621:
1582:
1561:
1531:. Springer. pp. 259–271.
1516:
1502:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1362:
330:1931–1937 (pre-war skirmishes)
262:Chinese records: 11,000 killed
253:727 automatic weapons captured
1:
1481:
1380:
1076:Qantas Short Empire shootdown
232:1st China Expeditionary Fleet
1537:10.1007/978-3-319-51664-6_14
1448:
1101:KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown
250:81 artillery pieces captured
247:60,000+ killed & wounded
7:
1694:Britannica Book of the Year
1469:
1367:National Revolutionary Army
758:North Burma and West Yunnan
10:
1885:
1775:
1589:Hammond, James W. (1999).
1228:Military campaigns of the
1712:Walter Yust, ed. (1943).
1412:under command of General
1403:
1351:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
1269:Liaodong Peninsula (1895)
1239:
889:
380:Pacification of Manchukuo
326:
236:
215:
165:
132:
39:
28:
24:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
23:
1673:Special Series, Issue 24
1375:Second Sino-Japanese War
1338:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945)
317:Second Sino-Japanese War
1819:"Occupation of Yichang"
1498:Frank, Richard (2020).
1333:French Indochina (1940)
1141:Nauru and Ocean Islands
1805:"Occupation of Shashi"
1523:Grunden, W.E. (2017).
1456:Imperial Japanese Navy
1416:began a drive towards
1371:Imperial Japanese Army
811:West Henan–North Hubei
256:12,557 rifles captured
166:Commanders and leaders
880:Japanese offensives,
237:Casualties and losses
62:May 1 – June 18, 1940
1353:, also known as the
105:32.1252°N 112.7510°E
1309:Siberia (1918–1922)
1111:Andaman and Nicobar
738:Sichuan (cancelled)
101: /
1859:Conflicts in Hubei
1788:van de Ven, Hans.
1430:Battle of Changsha
528:Yellow River flood
442:Railway Operation
243:Japanese records:
1839:Conflicts in 1940
1546:978-3-319-51664-6
1346:
1345:
1274:China (1899–1901)
1194:
1193:
1044:Dutch East Indies
845:
844:
704:Yunnan-Burma Road
642:Hundred Regiments
414:Marco Polo Bridge
281:
280:
275:tens of thousands
147:Republic of China
128:
127:
110:32.1252; 112.7510
1876:
1869:June 1940 events
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1426:pincer movement
1414:Waichiro Sonobe
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1355:Battle of Zaoyi
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1299:Tsingtao (1914)
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1231:Empire of Japan
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1029:Gilbert Islands
922:Zaoyang–Yichang
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573:Suixian–Zaoyang
419:Beiping–Tianjin
358:Nenjiang Bridge
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230:100+ aircraft
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190:Zhang Zizhong
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1316:Shōwa period
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1284:Korea (1910)
1243:Meiji period
1241:
1176:Fort Stevens
1054:
1053:
1049:3rd Changsha
1034:Indian Ocean
989:Pearl Harbor
979:2nd Changsha
974:South Shanxi
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912:West Suiyuan
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792:4th Changsha
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465:Pingxingguan
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430:2nd Shanghai
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375:1st Shanghai
269:2,700 killed
261:
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195:
133:Belligerents
18:
1823:Nippon News
1809:Nippon News
1373:during the
1186:Mount Emily
1106:Operation K
1019:Sand Island
1004:Philippines
959:South Henan
942:North China
724:Yenangyaung
665:South Henan
659:South Anhui
600:Kunlun Pass
498:Taierzhuang
108: /
96:112°45′04″E
1833:Categories
1763:8 February
1602:0313310386
1574:21 January
1482:References
1398:Li Zongren
1381:Background
1151:Madagascar
1071:New Guinea
932:Kaimingjie
817:West Hunan
769:Mount Song
751:West Hubei
671:West Hubei
546:Wenxi fire
541:Wanjialing
390:Great Wall
228:200+ tanks
179:Li Zongren
93:32°07′31″N
57:1940-06-18
50:1940-05-01
1611:0883-6884
1555:158528688
1464:Chongqing
1449:Aftermath
1437:the war.
1422:Tang Enbo
1387:Chongqing
1181:Dureenbee
1171:Newcastle
1136:Coral Sea
1081:Singapore
999:Hong Kong
902:Chongqing
897:Manchukuo
882:1940–1942
764:Myitkyina
744:1943–1945
627:1940–1942
522:Chongqing
408:1937–1939
353:Jiangqiao
336:Manchuria
1470:See also
1445:battle.
1126:Solomons
994:Thailand
969:Shanggao
954:Panjiayu
797:Hengyang
677:Shanggao
566:Nanchang
484:Massacre
216:Strength
70:Location
1776:Sources
1724:9824466
1418:Zaoyang
1391:Yichang
1359:Chinese
1091:Ellwood
837:Taihoku
830:Air War
823:Guangxi
785:Ichi-Go
777:Changde
719:Toungoo
709:Tachiao
510:Lanfeng
478:Nanking
459:Taiyuan
400:Suiyuan
363:Jinzhou
221:350,000
196:†
80:Yichang
76:Zaoyang
1749:USAFFE
1722:
1609:
1599:
1553:
1543:
1506:
1404:Battle
1361::
1166:Sydney
1161:Midway
1131:Tulagi
1121:Ceylon
1096:Broome
1086:Darwin
1039:Borneo
1024:Niihau
984:Malaya
917:Wuyuan
714:Oktwin
619:Wuyuan
579:Swatow
558:Hainan
553:Canton
492:Xuzhou
470:Xinkou
424:Chahar
368:Harbin
341:Mukden
192:
157:
144:
121:Result
1745:(PDF)
1551:S2CID
1424:in a
1066:Burma
1061:Timor
535:Wuhan
84:Hubei
1765:2018
1751:and
1720:OCLC
1607:ISSN
1597:ISBN
1576:2024
1541:ISBN
1504:ISBN
1369:and
1363:棗宜會戰
1349:The
1055:1942
1014:Wake
1009:Guam
948:1941
892:1940
517:Amoy
395:Rehe
78:and
44:Date
1813:NHK
1729:...
1700:...
1679:...
1658:...
1637:...
1616:...
1533:doi
1835::
1821:,
1807:,
1755:,
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1490:^
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82:,
1815:.
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1767:.
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1535::
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1357:(
1220:e
1213:t
1206:v
871:e
864:t
857:v
306:e
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55:(
52:)
48:(
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