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1071:. Although often led by army officers and with numbers of former regular troops among their ranks, most volunteers had no previous military experience. These irregular armies were to later become the main anti-Japanese force in northeast China during 1932 and posed a serious obstacle to Japanese attempts to pacify the country.
1054:
Later, General Ma
Zhanshan returned to counterattack with a much larger force. Although he managed to dislodge the Japanese from their advanced positions, he was unable to recapture the bridge, which the Japanese continued to repair. Eventually, Ma was forced to withdraw his troops in the face of
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late in the day during a fog when
Japanese troops started across the span. The Japanese retaliated and the skirmish continued for over three hours. Only 15 Japanese were reported killed and 120 Chinese, as the Japanese advanced and drove General Ma's remaining troops off toward
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A repair crew, guarded by 800 Japanese soldiers, went to work on 4 November 1931. Nearby were 2,500 Chinese troops under
General Ma Zhanshan. Each side charged the other with opening fire without provocation. The Japanese claimed the Chinese opened fire using rifles and
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Despite his failure to hold the bridge, General Ma
Zhanshan became a national hero in China for his resistance at Nenjiang Bridge, which was widely reported in the Chinese and international press. The publicity inspired more volunteers to enlist in the
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government's ban on further resistance to the
Japanese invasion and attempted to prevent Japanese forces from crossing into Heilongjiang province by defending a strategic railway bridge across the
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1021:. This bridge had been dynamited earlier by Ma's forces during the fighting against the pro-Japanese collaborationist forces of General
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The repaired bridge made possible the further advance of
Japanese forces and their armored trains.
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Northeast China and the
Origins of the Anti-Japanese United Front
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Ruins of the
Nenjiang Harge Bridge, where the battle was fought.
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was a small battle fought between forces of the
Chinese
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43:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
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1147:Two War Lords, TIME Magazine, Nov. 16, 1931
1123:The Making of Japanese Manchuria, 1904-1932
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1001:In November 1931, the acting governor of
74:Learn how and when to remove this message
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937:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936)
878:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895)
1179:Battles of the Second Sino-Japanese War
1157:The volunteer armies of northeast China
977:and collaborationist forces, after the
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985:in 1931, prior to the start of the
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1125:. Harvard University Asia Center.
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1121:Matsusaka, Yoshihisa Tak (2003).
918:German Pacific possesions (1914)
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893:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905)
1086:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
1069:Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies
1055:Japanese tanks and artillery.
293:1931–1937 (pre-war skirmishes)
98:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
1:
1194:Military history of Manchuria
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989:. It marked the start of the
967:Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge
91:Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge
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971:National Revolutionary Army
721:North Burma and West Yunnan
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842:Military campaigns of the
110:Monument of the Resistance
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343:Pacification of Manchukuo
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1112:: CS1 maint: location (
1098:Coogan, Anthony (1994).
987:Second Sino-Japanese War
952:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945)
280:Second Sino-Japanese War
29:This article includes a
1199:History of Heilongjiang
947:French Indochina (1940)
58:more precise citations.
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975:Imperial Japanese Army
774:West Henan–North Hubei
191:Commanders and leaders
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1009:chose to disobey the
983:Invasion of Manchuria
232:Casualties and losses
1204:November 1931 events
923:Siberia (1918–1922)
701:Sichuan (cancelled)
1152:NONNI RIVER BRIDGE
1081:Jiangqiao Campaign
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991:Jiangqiao Campaign
491:Yellow River flood
405:Railway Operation
31:list of references
1174:Conflicts in 1931
1005:province General
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338:1st Shanghai
320:
204:Shogo Hasebe
160:Belligerents
131:Vicinity of
96:Part of the
70:
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50:Please help
42:
1007:Ma Zhanshan
981:during the
687:Yenangyaung
628:South Henan
622:South Anhui
563:Kunlun Pass
461:Taierzhuang
213:Ma Zhanshan
56:introducing
1168:Categories
1092:References
1011:Kuomintang
997:Background
780:West Hunan
732:Mount Song
714:West Hubei
634:West Hubei
509:Wenxi fire
504:Wanjialing
353:Great Wall
1108:cite book
1019:Jiangqiao
1015:Nen River
727:Myitkyina
707:1943–1945
590:1940–1942
485:Chongqing
371:1937–1939
316:Jiangqiao
299:Manchuria
133:Nen River
1075:See also
760:Hengyang
640:Shanggao
529:Nanchang
447:Massacre
219:Strength
127:Location
1049:Qiqihar
800:Taihoku
793:Air War
786:Guangxi
748:Ichi-Go
740:Changde
682:Toungoo
672:Tachiao
473:Lanfeng
441:Nanking
422:Taiyuan
363:Suiyuan
326:Jinzhou
137:Qiqihar
52:improve
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1029:Battle
677:Oktwin
582:Wuyuan
542:Swatow
521:Hainan
516:Canton
455:Xuzhou
433:Xinkou
387:Chahar
331:Harbin
304:Mukden
148:Result
1017:near
498:Wuhan
227:2,500
185:China
173:Japan
37:, or
1127:ISBN
1114:link
965:The
480:Amoy
358:Rehe
202:M.G.
119:Date
240:120
224:800
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