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265:, who was also a radical pan-Mongolist. He was, however, in a weak position in the new government. The alien had to use his patron Tserenchimed to exert authority. Both Khaisan and Tserenchimed were soon disappointed with the Russian policy toward Mongolia. Khaisan came to be labeled anti-Russian by Russian representatives. In July 1912, pro-Russian
209:, who visited Mongolia on his second archaeological expedition, to whom he told his subversive idea. Also, according to the Russian Colonel M. Popov, he asked Russian representatives to supply Mongols with arms and to help them establish a national government. He added that otherwise Mongols would seek help from the
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At the same time, Khaisan had kept secret contact with his former lord Prince Günsennorov, who then took the side of the
Republic of China. In September 1913, his son was sent to Beijing claiming that Khaisan was anxious to return to his homeland. Khaisan was arrested by the Bogd Khaan government on
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The future of the Bogd Khan government remained uncertain. In his struggle for the international recognition of
Mongolian independence, Tserenchimed tried to make a diplomatic contact with Japan in February 1913. His attempt was failed not only because of strong Russian pressure but also because
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aspirations to include present-day
Chinese territory in Mongolia. His role in the movement is unclear due to lack of sufficient historical sources of this period. Chen Lu, then the Chinese representative in Urga, wrote that in 1915
229:, which, Mongols thought, would push them into the margin of survival. After secret meetings by nobles and lamas, they decided to send a mission to Imperial Russia to ask for support. As a member of the mission, Khaisan visited
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from Zost into productive agricultural fields. In this process, his family became wealthy landowners. He received a well-rounded education and had full command of
Mongolian, Manchu and Chinese (and later Russian) languages.
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gave
Khaisan the rank of duke ("ulsad tuslagchi gün" or simply "gün") and a land near the Mongolian-Russian border. Khaisan brought his family there, and began agricultural development with his Russian,
304:. Although the Bogd Khaan forces successfully captured a large portion of the south by mid-1913, the Russian objection and shortage of supplies forced them to withdraw to Outer Mongolia in December.
389:(mongɣulǰin qayilatud obuɣtan nu tobči teüke) (1997). Note that this privately printed book claims the date of birth to be 1857, which is inconsistent with another source used in this article.
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In
November 1913, Russia and China proclaimed a joint declaration that, despite Mongols' objection, recognized China's suzerainty and confined the area of autonomy to Outer Mongolia. The
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With his hope broken, Khaisan moved to
Beijing via Russia in 1915. He was given the position of Vice President of the Bureau of Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs and the high rank of
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charges of treason. His son in
Beijing asked the Chinese government to press the Bogd Khaan government to release Khaisan. As a result, Khaisan was released in early 1914.
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and other methods of protest against wealthy Mongol landlords. However, he had to hand over him to a
Chinese prefecture because, after the Jindandao incident, the
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435:ハイサンとオタイ: ボグド・ハーン政権下における南モンゴル人 (Khaisan and Udai: Two Southern Mongols under the Bogdo Khan Regime), Tōyō Gakuhō, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 125-170, 1974.
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In the winter of 1902, a false charge forced
Khaisan to flee his homeland. He personally arrested one surviving rebel leader named Zhang Liansheng (
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in Zost were put under the jurisdiction of a local prefecture. Zhang committed suicide during escort but his family charged Khaisan with murder.
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155:, the remnants of the Jindandao resumed their activity. As a banner official, he crushed some 500 rebels with banner troops.
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Japan took a non-interference policy toward Outer Mongolia, disappointing Inner Mongolian secessionists including Khaisan.
184:, where he got acquainted with Russian Colonel Khitrovo. He worked as an editor of the first Mongolian language newspaper (
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In January 1913 the liberation campaign of the south was initiated by Khaisan and other Mongols from the south including
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of 1915 formally recognized Outer Mongolia's autonomy within China, which delivered a fatal blow to the pan-Mongolists.
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By this time he came to think that the Mongols must establish an independent state of their own. In 1909 he met
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448:ハラチン・トメド移民と近現代モンゴル社会 (Mongolian immigrants from the Qaračin and Tumed areas within modern Mongolian society),
452:近現代内モンゴル東部の変容 (Social and Cultural Change in Eastern Inner Mongolia in the Modern Period), pp. 318–345, 2007.
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was appointed as the first prime minister, striking a severe blow to both Khaisan and Tserenchimed.
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He worked at the banner office of the Kharchin Right Banner. When the Chinese secret society named
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The date of birth is estimated using his own writing. For more information, see (Nakami 1980).
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This article is about the Mongolian revolutionary. For emperor of the Yuan dynasty, see
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and Han Chinese employees, which caused trouble with the local nomadic population.
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modernize Mongol education and military training. In 1900, influenced by the
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attacked the banner in 1891, he guided the government forces dispatched from
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in October, Mongol nobles and lamas declared independence, establishing the
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In spring 1910, the political tension was heightened as the new Manchu
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Haisan to Otai: Bogudo haan seiken ka ni okeru minami Mongoru jin
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province to suppress the rebels. He also helped his lord Prince
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376:(蒙古纪闻) by Masi (玛希) and Xu Shiming (徐世明), published in 2006.
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The Minority's Groping: Further Light on Khaisan and Udai
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would not have been able to gain its independence."
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346:(in Mongolian). Монголын түүхийн тайлбар толь.
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344:"ХАЙСАН Баянтөмөрийн"
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491:1917 deaths
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180:He fled to
170:Han Chinese
149:Günsennorov
109:Zost League
45:family name
475:Categories
302:Khölönbuir
274:Bogd Khaan
244:Tserendorj
227:New Policy
41:patronymic
37:Bayantömör
29:given name
18:Külüg Khan
292:from the
141:Jindandao
79:Khayishan
63:Mongolian
272:In 1912
129:Liaoning
75:伯顏帖木儿·海山
43:, not a
23:In this
223:Sandowa
121:Chifeng
107:of the
88:qayišan
83:ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ
71:Chinese
33:Khaisan
279:Buryat
182:Harbin
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27:, the
330:Notes
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219:amban
145:Zhili
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161:張連升
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