62:
276:, who was also a radical pan-Mongolist. He was, however, in a weak position in the new government. The alien had to use his patron Tserenchimed to exert authority. Both Khaisan and Tserenchimed were soon disappointed with the Russian policy toward Mongolia. Khaisan came to be labeled anti-Russian by Russian representatives. In July 1912, pro-Russian
220:, who visited Mongolia on his second archaeological expedition, to whom he told his subversive idea. Also, according to the Russian Colonel M. Popov, he asked Russian representatives to supply Mongols with arms and to help them establish a national government. He added that otherwise Mongols would seek help from the
318:
At the same time, Khaisan had kept secret contact with his former lord Prince Günsennorov, who then took the side of the
Republic of China. In September 1913, his son was sent to Beijing claiming that Khaisan was anxious to return to his homeland. Khaisan was arrested by the Bogd Khaan government on
295:
The future of the Bogd Khan government remained uncertain. In his struggle for the international recognition of
Mongolian independence, Tserenchimed tried to make a diplomatic contact with Japan in February 1913. His attempt was failed not only because of strong Russian pressure but also because
252:
aspirations to include present-day
Chinese territory in Mongolia. His role in the movement is unclear due to lack of sufficient historical sources of this period. Chen Lu, then the Chinese representative in Urga, wrote that in 1915
240:, which, Mongols thought, would push them into the margin of survival. After secret meetings by nobles and lamas, they decided to send a mission to Imperial Russia to ask for support. As a member of the mission, Khaisan visited
146:
from Zost into productive agricultural fields. In this process, his family became wealthy landowners. He received a well-rounded education and had full command of
Mongolian, Manchu and Chinese (and later Russian) languages.
287:
gave
Khaisan the rank of duke ("ulsad tuslagchi gün" or simply "gün") and a land near the Mongolian-Russian border. Khaisan brought his family there, and began agricultural development with his Russian,
315:. Although the Bogd Khaan forces successfully captured a large portion of the south by mid-1913, the Russian objection and shortage of supplies forced them to withdraw to Outer Mongolia in December.
400:(mongɣulǰin qayilatud obuɣtan nu tobči teüke) (1997). Note that this privately printed book claims the date of birth to be 1857, which is inconsistent with another source used in this article.
322:
In
November 1913, Russia and China proclaimed a joint declaration that, despite Mongols' objection, recognized China's suzerainty and confined the area of autonomy to Outer Mongolia. The
329:
With his hope broken, Khaisan moved to
Beijing via Russia in 1915. He was given the position of Vice President of the Bureau of Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs and the high rank of
319:
charges of treason. His son in
Beijing asked the Chinese government to press the Bogd Khaan government to release Khaisan. As a result, Khaisan was released in early 1914.
179:
and other methods of protest against wealthy Mongol landlords. However, he had to hand over him to a
Chinese prefecture because, after the Jindandao incident, the
115:
61:
269:
446:ハイサンとオタイ: ボグド・ハーン政権下における南モンゴル人 (Khaisan and Udai: Two Southern Mongols under the Bogdo Khan Regime), Tōyō Gakuhō, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 125-170, 1974.
169:
In the winter of 1902, a false charge forced
Khaisan to flee his homeland. He personally arrested one surviving rebel leader named Zhang Liansheng (
183:
in Zost were put under the jurisdiction of a local prefecture. Zhang committed suicide during escort but his family charged Khaisan with murder.
304:
233:
300:
166:, the remnants of the Jindandao resumed their activity. As a banner official, he crushed some 500 rebels with banner troops.
296:
Japan took a non-interference policy toward Outer Mongolia, disappointing Inner Mongolian secessionists including Khaisan.
195:, where he got acquainted with Russian Colonel Khitrovo. He worked as an editor of the first Mongolian language newspaper (
299:
In January 1913 the liberation campaign of the south was initiated by Khaisan and other Mongols from the south including
326:
of 1915 formally recognized Outer Mongolia's autonomy within China, which delivered a fatal blow to the pan-Mongolists.
496:
476:
216:
By this time he came to think that the Mongols must establish an independent state of their own. In 1909 he met
491:
81:
459:ハラチン・トメド移民と近現代モンゴル社会 (Mongolian immigrants from the Qaračin and Tumed areas within modern Mongolian society),
463:近現代内モンゴル東部の変容 (Social and Cultural Change in Eastern Inner Mongolia in the Modern Period), pp. 318–345, 2007.
277:
103:
308:
323:
280:
was appointed as the first prime minister, striking a severe blow to both Khaisan and Tserenchimed.
272:. He took a high-ranking post in the most influential Home Ministry and worked under Home Minister
150:
He worked at the banner office of the Kharchin Right Banner. When the Chinese secret society named
206:
17:
367:
The date of birth is estimated using his own writing. For more information, see (Nakami 1980).
506:
501:
254:
217:
8:
273:
27:
This article is about the Mongolian revolutionary. For emperor of the Yuan dynasty, see
151:
73:
265:
292:
and Han Chinese employees, which caused trouble with the local nomadic population.
241:
143:
127:
427:
221:
202:
163:
28:
258:
245:
155:
135:
35:
485:
249:
162:
modernize Mongol education and military training. In 1900, influenced by the
159:
154:
attacked the banner in 1891, he guided the government forces dispatched from
119:
268:
in October, Mongol nobles and lamas declared independence, establishing the
257:, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, said, "If Khaisan has not come to Urga,
123:
334:
180:
176:
284:
227:
In spring 1910, the political tension was heightened as the new Manchu
210:
51:
39:
354:
312:
139:
426:, Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 20, pp. 106-120, 1980
444:
Haisan to Otai: Bogudo haan seiken ka ni okeru minami Mongoru jin
289:
131:
55:
158:
province to suppress the rebels. He also helped his lord Prince
192:
229:
387:(蒙古纪闻) by Masi (玛希) and Xu Shiming (徐世明), published in 2006.
424:
The Minority's Groping: Further Light on Khaisan and Udai
261:
would not have been able to gain its independence."
102:) (c. 1862-1917), was one of leading figures of the
483:
457:Harachin Tomedo imin to kingendai Mongoru shakai
398:Brief history of the Mongghuljin Khayilatud Clan
196:
186:
97:
357:(in Mongolian). Монголын түүхийн тайлбар толь.
170:
114:Khaisan was born to the Khailtad clan in the
449:
438:
436:
418:
416:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
109:
433:
403:
396:See (Burensain 2007). His source is the
244:in August. He seems to have represented
60:
106:for Mongolian independence from China.
14:
484:
477:Khaisan-related excerpts from archives
383:The commentary on Wang Guojun (汪国钧)'s
379:
377:
375:
373:
213:(modern-day Ulaanbaatar) around 1907.
461:Kingendai Uchi Mongoru Tōbu no henyō
370:
138:, China). The Zost League bordered
24:
142:to the south, from which peasants
25:
518:
470:
455:Borjigin Burensain ボルジギン・ブレンサイン,
324:tripartite agreement of Kyakhta
236:arrived at Urga to enforce the
390:
361:
347:
337:. He died in Beijing in 1917.
85:
13:
1:
187:Mongol independence movement
104:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
7:
278:Sain Noyon Khan Namnansüren
209:. He then secretly went to
10:
523:
201:), which was published by
33:
26:
497:Mongolian revolutionaries
171:
77:
340:
309:Manlaibaatar Damdinsüren
110:Kharchin banner official
264:Soon after the Chinese
207:Chinese Eastern Railway
198:mongɣul-un sonin bičig
197:
98:
66:
492:Mongolian politicians
355:"ХАЙСАН Баянтөмөрийн"
270:Bogd Khaan government
116:Kharchin Right Banner
70:Bayantömöriin Khaisan
65:Bayantömöriin Khaisan
64:
248:, and thus they had
442:Nakami Tasuo 中見立夫.
144:reclaimed grassland
78:Баянтөмөрийн Хайсан
218:Gustaf J. Ramstedt
67:
266:Xinhai Revolution
16:(Redirected from
514:
464:
453:
447:
440:
431:
420:
401:
394:
388:
381:
368:
365:
359:
358:
351:
242:Saint Petersburg
200:
174:
173:
128:Ningcheng County
101:
95:
88:), also spelled
87:
79:
21:
522:
521:
517:
516:
515:
513:
512:
511:
482:
481:
473:
468:
467:
454:
450:
441:
434:
422:Tatsuo Nakami,
421:
404:
395:
391:
382:
371:
366:
362:
353:
352:
348:
343:
222:Empire of Japan
203:Imperial Russia
189:
164:Boxer Rebellion
112:
93:
59:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
520:
510:
509:
504:
499:
494:
480:
479:
472:
471:External links
469:
466:
465:
448:
432:
428:online edition
402:
389:
369:
360:
345:
344:
342:
339:
259:Outer Mongolia
246:Inner Mongolia
188:
185:
136:Inner Mongolia
111:
108:
36:Mongolian name
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
519:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
487:
478:
475:
474:
462:
458:
452:
445:
439:
437:
429:
425:
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
407:
399:
393:
386:
380:
378:
376:
374:
364:
356:
350:
346:
338:
336:
332:
327:
325:
320:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
293:
291:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
251:
250:Pan-Mongolist
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:
231:
225:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
199:
194:
184:
182:
178:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
107:
105:
100:
91:
83:
75:
71:
63:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
19:
507:1860s births
460:
456:
451:
443:
423:
397:
392:
385:Menggu Jiwen
384:
363:
349:
330:
328:
321:
317:
305:Jirim League
298:
294:
282:
274:Tserenchimed
263:
237:
228:
226:
215:
190:
177:rent strikes
175:), who used
168:
149:
126:(modern-day
124:Qing Dynasty
113:
89:
69:
68:
47:
43:
502:1917 deaths
335:Yuan Shikai
191:He fled to
181:Han Chinese
160:Günsennorov
120:Zost League
56:family name
486:Categories
313:Khölönbuir
285:Bogd Khaan
255:Tserendorj
238:New Policy
52:patronymic
48:Bayantömör
40:given name
29:Külüg Khan
303:from the
152:Jindandao
90:Khayishan
74:Mongolian
283:In 1912
140:Liaoning
86:伯顏帖木儿·海山
54:, not a
34:In this
234:Sandowa
132:Chifeng
118:of the
99:qayišan
94:ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ
82:Chinese
44:Khaisan
18:Khaisan
290:Buryat
193:Harbin
84::
38:, the
341:Notes
331:beise
311:from
230:amban
156:Zhili
50:is a
307:and
301:Udai
211:Urga
333:by
205:'s
172:張連升
42:is
488::
435:^
405:^
372:^
224:.
134:,
130:,
122:,
96:,
80:;
76::
46:.
430:.
92:(
72:(
58:.
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
