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945:. On February 13, 1878, a separate treaty was ratified by the Senate that granted the Samoan government diplomatic recognition and reaffirmed permission to build a naval station in the country. There were no further political obstacles, but funding for the station was not allocated and only a small coaling station was built on the island. Construction of the naval station did not begin until 1898, led by civilian contractors. In early 1899, Tilley was assigned the task of overseeing the station construction and becoming its first commandant. He was also put in command of the
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law would remain in effect. He partitioned the territory into three districts, along the historical divisions implicitly acknowledged in the deed of cession: the two governments on
Tutuila and the third comprising the islands of Manu'a, which still did not regard themselves as part of the territory. Over the next year, Tilley regulated firearms, enforced mandatory registrations of births, deaths, and marriages, levied taxes, and made the sabbath a public holiday. He created a small
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district governors had equal authority but they were of differing Samoan social status. This disparity made decision-making more difficult and caused social tensions. Despite these problems, Tilley was well-considered by the locals. On
December 18, 1900, the local chiefs sent a letter of congratulations on the re-election of President McKinley in which they said of Tilley, "you gave us a leader, a Governor, a High Chief, whom we have learned to love and respect".
1051:, a sacred fish which could only be eaten with the permission of a local chief under Samoan law. Traditional punishment decreed that the offender's house should be burned down and his crops uprooted, and he should be exiled from the territory. The native challenged his punishment under the American legal system, however, resulting in the arrest of the chief responsible for ordering the destruction of his property. The chief was sentenced to a year of
1024:. Ultimately, the king agreed to cede some sovereignty to the United States, but refused to consider full cession. The deed of cession was signed on April 17, 1900, and listed Manu'a as part of the United States' new territory, but without the signature of its representative. In it, Tilley was named Acting Governor; the territory did not have an official governor until the title was given to Governor
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763:. In 1885, he was promoted to lieutenant commander and returned to teach at the academy. During his tenure there, he was appointed head of the Department of Astronomy, Navigation, and Surveying, and then transferred to become head of the Department of Mechanical Drawing. In September 1889, he moved to the
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leader of the territory. Although the deed of cession recognized his authority and gave him the title of Acting
Governor, as far as the United States government was concerned, he was officially responsible only for the naval station. As the first naval governor, Tilley laid the groundwork for much of
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After learning of the agreement, Tilley notified the local chiefs and asserted nominal United States control, but a formal decision had not yet been made on how the United States government would manage the territory. The construction of the naval base remained his primary responsibility, and he was
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on imports to the territory, ban the sale of alcohol to the local population (but not
Americans), and forbid the sale of Samoan lands to non-Samoans. On May 1, 1900, he proclaimed that the laws of the United States were in force in the territory, but that Samoan laws that did not conflict with U.S.
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on
February 16, 1900, partitioned the Samoan archipelago. The eastern part, with Tutuila as its largest island, was placed under the control of the United States. The larger and historically dominant western part was assigned to Germany. Under this treaty, the British government relinquished its
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in a criminal proceeding, on which Tilley sat as judge, and he was ordered to pay compensation for the destroyed property. There were similar issues with Samoan customs not blending well with the newly introduced
American political divisions in the territory. For example, the territory's three
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Tilley's first task in his new role was to negotiate a deed of cession with the local powers to ensure a formal and peaceful transfer of control to the United States. With the partitioning of Samoa, two regional governments remained on
Tutuila which had been subordinated to a government on the
381:; Tilley was placed in command of Company C. The precautions proved to be unnecessary, as the expected wave of rioters never materialized following the military's suppression of the strikers in Baltimore; the riots were also quashed in other cities within a short time.
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before requesting to take a six-month leave so that he could marry. On June 6, 1878, he married Emily Edelin
Williamson, the daughter of a Navy surgeon, and left with her on an extended honeymoon in Europe. On his return to duty, Tilley served at the
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Sebree later remarked of his predecessor that he had "great ability, kindness, tact and sound common sense". Unlike Sebree, who was concerned that he did not have a legal mandate to govern, Tilley was not shy about enacting legislation and being the
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could travel to
Washington to seize or damage vulnerable government targets. The troops defending Washington included the army, navy, and marines organized into a battalion of seven companies (Naval Brigade) under the command of Captain
814:. Insurgents captured the city, and Tilley remained to defend the consulate with a force of 100 men. After the war, he returned to the naval academy as head of the astronomy and navigation department. In 1896, he took command of
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had recently ended, leaving the islands without a functioning central government. The United States, the United
Kingdom, and Germany had competing strategic and economic interests in the region. Ratification of the
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during the height of the Civil War, graduating after the conflict. He gradually rose through the ranks and participated as a lieutenant in the United States military crackdown against strikers in the wake of the
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the future governance of the territory, which did not yet even have a formal name. The American Samoa government includes Tilley and the other pre-1905 station commandants in its list of territorial governors.
251:(later called American Samoa) and set legal and administrative precedents for the new territory. After 41 years of service, he was promoted to rear admiral but died of pneumonia shortly afterwards.
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as "foremost in their various callings." He was survived by one son and two daughters. His son Benjamin Franklin Tilley Jr. also entered the Navy and retired with the rank of lieutenant commander.
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and in the heart of the conflict area. The United States responded with its own declaration of war against Spain on April 25, and Tilley captured the Spanish Navy's
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of native Samoans called the Fita Fita Guard for defense and police. The native volunteers in this force were trained at the naval station by a sergeant of the
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to transport steel and coal to the construction site and to serve as the first station ship. After a long voyage, he took his new post on August 13, 1899.
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1020:) 70 miles (110 km) to the east were politically separate from Tutuila. On March 12, 1900, Tilley traveled to Taʻu to meet with the local king
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Problems arose during Tilley's administration because of conflicting Samoan and American laws. In one case, a native had caught and eaten a
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western, German-controlled island of Upolu. Both of these governments were favorable toward the cession. The inhabitants of the island of
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1090:. The trial lasted four days and only one witness was called for the prosecution. Ultimately, he was acquitted. Despite this, Captain
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on September 22, 1863, at the age of 15 and in the midst of the American Civil War. The war forced the school to relocate from
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on the United States in response to American efforts to support Cuban independence. Tilley was in the Caribbean in command of
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was appointed as commandant on November 27, 1901. Tilley and his wife returned to the United States the following month.
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and remained there until 1882, either in a classroom or on a training ship. For the next three years, he served on board
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This article is about the career officer in the United States Navy. For the founding father of the United States, see
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in 1905. Manu'a did not agree to sign the deed until 1904, after negotiating concessions from the United States.
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308:, where he was promoted to master in 1870 and then to lieutenant in 1871. From 1872 to 1875, he served on board
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and sailed on an inspection tour of naval yards along the east coast of the United States. He was promoted to
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C., H. C. (January 1879). "The Naval Brigade and the Marine Battalions in the Labor Strikes of 1877".
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when fighting broke out. Toward the end of the war, he was responsible for shelling the Cuban port of
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successfully captured two Spanish Navy ships. After the war, he was made the first acting-Governor of
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placed the territory under the control of the United States Navy on February 19, 1900, and Assistant
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1086:. Tilley returned to Samoa on November 7, 1901, with his wife, and two days later was given a
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claims over Samoa in exchange for certain concessions from Germany in the Pacific and Africa.
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held by Special Collections & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy
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authorized the use of the military in response. Tilley was temporarily transferred to
232:. He and a small contingent of sailors and marines defended the American consulate in
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Even before Tilley arrived in Samoa, the political situation there was shifting. The
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Amerika Samoa: History of American Samoa and Its United States Naval Administration
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the following day. He died of pneumonia less than a month later on March 18, 1907.
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Map of American Samoa. Swains Island was not added to the territory until 1925.
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assisted in the capture of nine Spanish vessels, and he was transferred to the
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301:, eventually being promoted to ensign. His next assignment was on board
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240:. He was a commander during the Spanish–American War, and his gunship
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on January 11, 1905. On February 23, 1907, he was made commandant of
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in October. That month, an anonymous complaint was made to Assistant
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in command. Dorn subsequently had medical issues and was replaced by
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1119:. He remained in this post for three years before being assigned to
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Tilley was one of 322 men and women who had died in 1907 listed by
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with a charter to "cultivate friendly relations with the natives".
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279:. In 1866, he graduated first in his class, going on to serve as a
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204:(March 29, 1848 – March 18, 1907) was an American
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The Records of Living Officers of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps
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Tilley's next assignment came in March 1902 as a captain of the
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Tilley took leave in June 1901 to return to Washington, leaving
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U.S. Navy rear admiral, Naval Acting-Governor of American Samoa
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to Washington, D.C. Military leaders feared that rioters from
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1267:(6th ed.). New York: L. R. Hamersly and co. p.
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The United States first expressed interest in building a
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at the conclusion of the war, then given the command of
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Benjamin Franklin Tilley was born on March 29, 1848, in
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American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
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1198:. Vol. III, no. 24. p. 2. Archived from
1928:. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute.
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dispatched to pick up additional supplies and coal at
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1230:. Government of American Samoa. 2007. Archived from
1722:(November 27, 1902). "Progress in American Samoa".
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1074:against Commandant Tilley, alleging immorality and
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349:, sparking riots in other American cities such as
1511:Historical Dictionary of the Spanish–American War
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263:, the sixth of nine children. He enrolled in the
220:as well as the territory's first naval governor.
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1514:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 238–239.
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741:After the strike, Tilley was transferred to the
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825:that October. In 1897, he was given command of
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254:
2014:
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994:
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1078:. Almost simultaneously, he was promoted to
1342:. September 29, 1885. p. Supplement 1.
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2007:
1850:"The Silent Reaper's Harvest of the Great"
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2447:People from Bristol County, Rhode Island
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921:Commandant of U.S. Naval Station Tutuila
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297:. He spent three years serving on board
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878:two days later. He participated in the
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1985:February 17, 1900 – November 27, 1901
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2452:Deaths from pneumonia in Pennsylvania
2002:
1890:"Mrs. Emily Tilley Dies at Annapolis"
1801:
1297:
1031:Tilley's first acts were to impose a
798:and to become her executive officer.
566:Lieutenant Commander – September 1887
1919:
1869:from the original on October 5, 2016
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1774:from the original on October 5, 2016
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1558:from the original on October 5, 2016
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326:and then spent two years serving on
1829:from the original on April 10, 2016
1489:from the original on April 10, 2016
989:United States Naval Station Tutuila
787:In 1890, Tilley was transferred to
13:
1857:. December 29, 1907. p. MS8.
1303:
802:transported troops to the port of
368:during the crisis, sailing up the
14:
2463:
1949:
1350:. September 22, 1889. p. 12.
1258:Hamersly, Lewis Randolph (1898).
218:acting governor of American Samoa
195:Acting-Governor of American Samoa
2073:
1981:Naval Governor of American Samoa
1358:. December 29, 1889. p. 16.
1187:Sorensen, Stan (June 13, 2008).
1161:
939:United States Minister to Hawaii
836:to evaluate the progress of the
735:Rear Admiral – February 24, 1907
1546:. October 25, 1898. p. 4.
208:who served from the end of the
1897:. April 22, 1931. p. 20.
1797:. January 15, 1905. p. 5.
1581:. October 21, 1898. p. 4.
1455:. October 21, 1896. p. 3.
1420:. August 27, 1893. p. 16.
1:
1913:
1817:. March 19, 1907. p. 3.
1762:. March 18, 1902. p. 9.
1705:. October 8, 1901. p. 6.
1477:. April 27, 1898. p. 3.
1433:"News from the Naval Academy"
1400:. August 30, 1891. p. 1.
1380:. August 28, 1890. p. 1.
791:to help test the newly built
319:, he served briefly on board
230:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
1958:Log of U.S. Steamer Standish
1012:and the volcanic doublet of
315:in the South Pacific. After
7:
2442:United States Navy admirals
2437:Governors of American Samoa
2030:Governors of American Samoa
1698:"To Be Captain in the Navy"
1440:. June 7, 1896. p. 21.
1293:. July 21, 1866. p. 6.
1154:
987:named Tilley commandant of
754:United States Naval Academy
728:Philadelphia Naval Shipyard
597:United States Naval Academy
561:United States Naval Academy
540:United States Naval Academy
518:United States Naval Academy
265:United States Naval Academy
255:Early life and naval career
225:United States Naval Academy
10:
2468:
1354:"The Army and Navy News".
1327:. June 6, 1878. p. 4.
1113:Mare Island Naval Shipyard
1042:United States Marine Corps
1026:Edmund Beardsley Underwood
995:Acting governor of Tutuila
888:Battle of Santiago de Cuba
886:but missed the subsequent
702:Mare Island Naval Shipyard
686:U.S. Naval Station Tutuila
617:Commander – September 1896
347:Martinsburg, West Virginia
177:U.S. Naval Station Tutuila
18:
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1987:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1810:"Death of Admiral Tilley"
1371:"Nineteen Knots and Over"
1338:"Naval Academy Affairs".
1138:, and he was promoted to
976:, New Zealand. President
933:in 1872 at the behest of
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1755:"Assignment for Funston"
1508:Dyal, Donald H. (1996).
1468:"The Panama's Valuation"
1173:
1128:League Island Naval Yard
838:isthmus canal commission
341:In July 1877, a violent
202:Benjamin Franklin Tilley
183:League Island Naval Yard
44:Benjamin Franklin Tilley
32:Benjamin Franklin Tilley
1920:Gray, J. A. C. (1960).
960:Second Samoan Civil War
337:Railroad strike of 1877
1793:"The United Service".
1577:"The United Service".
1451:"The United Service".
1413:"Notes from Annapolis"
1392:"Santiago Capitulates"
1107:Later career and death
1004:
853:
808:1891 Chilean Civil War
784:
693:Captain – October 1901
238:1891 Chilean Civil War
1397:Chicago Daily Tribune
1346:"The Army and Navy".
1069:Secretary of the Navy
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982:Secretary of the Navy
965:Tripartite Convention
851:
778:
651:Naval Station Newport
277:Newport, Rhode Island
261:Bristol, Rhode Island
111:Years of service
63:Bristol, Rhode Island
1323:"Society Weddings".
1168:Biography portal
943:United States Senate
844:Spanish–American War
765:Washington Navy Yard
575:Washington Navy Yard
271:, threatened by the
214:Spanish–American War
1895:The Washington Post
1855:The Washington Post
1815:The Washington Post
1760:The Washington Post
1743:, pp. 150–151.
1686:, pp. 137–139.
1659:, pp. 132–134.
1647:, pp. 125–128.
1635:, pp. 157–158.
1623:, pp. 105–108.
1543:The Washington Post
1348:The Washington Post
1325:The Washington Post
1148:The Washington Post
1117:Vallejo, California
1016:(together known as
856:On April 23, 1898,
852:Tilley in the 1890s
767:to teach ordnance.
386:
359:Rutherford B. Hayes
269:Annapolis, Maryland
223:Tilley entered the
216:. He was the first
1795:The New York Times
1730:(2817): 2811–2822.
1703:The New York Times
1579:The New York Times
1453:The New York Times
1438:The New York Times
1418:The New York Times
1377:The New York Times
1356:The New York Times
1291:The New York Times
1189:"Historical Notes"
1084:Theodore Roosevelt
1022:Tui Manuʻa Elisala
1005:
908:Newport Naval Yard
858:Spain declared war
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210:American Civil War
105:United States Navy
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2276:(1951–1978)
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2087:(1905–1951)
2041:
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1997:
1996:
1988:Succeeded by
1969:Military offices
1606:, pp. 64–66.
1474:Los Angeles Times
1289:"Miscellaneous".
894:was refueling at
771:Chilean Civil War
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626:Naval War College
444:Lieutenant – 1871
390:Midshipman – 1867
249:Tutuila and Manua
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21:Benjamin Franklin
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1205:on June 18, 2008
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1072:Frank W. Hackett
985:Charles H. Allen
978:William McKinley
931:Pago Pago, Samoa
884:Santiago de Cuba
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357:, and President
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1234:on May 17, 2008
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935:Henry A. Peirce
923:
846:
773:
683:
343:railroad strike
339:
283:first on board
257:
234:Santiago, Chile
192:Other work
187:
86:, United States
78:
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65:, United States
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1960:, 1881, MS 137
1951:
1950:External links
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1537:"Naval Orders"
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880:naval blockade
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73:March 18, 1907
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1594:, p. 58.
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1088:court martial
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800:San Francisco
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795:San Francisco
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789:San Francisco
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781:San Francisco
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468:New Hampshire
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439:Master – 1870
437:
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428:
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421:Ensign – 1868
419:
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370:Potomac River
367:
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323:New Hampshire
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94:United States
93:
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81:
72:
68:
64:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
2357:(since 1978)
2186:Landenberger
2048:
1991:Uriel Sebree
1979:
1974:
1957:
1923:
1894:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1854:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1814:
1803:
1794:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1759:
1748:
1736:
1727:
1723:
1702:
1691:
1664:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1599:
1587:
1578:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1541:
1530:
1510:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1472:
1461:
1452:
1446:
1437:
1426:
1417:
1406:
1395:
1386:
1375:
1364:
1355:
1347:
1339:
1333:
1324:
1318:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1260:
1236:. Retrieved
1232:the original
1207:. Retrieved
1200:the original
1195:
1182:
1146:
1144:
1140:rear admiral
1136:Pennsylvania
1132:Philadelphia
1122:
1110:
1099:
1096:
1092:Uriel Sebree
1058:
1053:house arrest
1046:
1030:
1006:
970:
957:
951:
947:collier ship
924:
917:in October.
913:
903:
891:
875:
868:
861:
855:
828:
817:
799:
794:
786:
783:in the 1890s
780:
759:
747:
740:
726:
714:
711:
684:
678:
675:
663:
660:
638:
635:
608:
605:
586:
550:
529:
506:
493:
480:
467:
454:
431:
413:
400:
364:
355:Philadelphia
340:
329:
322:
316:
311:
304:
298:
293:
286:
258:
243:
222:
212:through the
201:
200:
169:
161:
153:
145:
137:
123:Rear Admiral
84:Pennsylvania
80:Philadelphia
75:(1907-03-18)
25:
2427:1907 deaths
2422:1848 births
2201:Fitzpatrick
2037:Commandant
1076:drunkenness
1065:J. L. Jayne
1014:Ofu-Olosega
832:to sail to
806:during the
385:Navy career
273:Confederacy
236:during the
2416:Categories
2244:Hungerford
1914:References
1209:August 16,
1061:E. J. Dorn
900:Manzanillo
804:ValparaĂso
351:Pittsburgh
281:midshipman
91:Allegiance
56:1848-03-29
2064:Underwood
1955:Tilley's
1903:150196686
1863:144772984
1823:144781802
1768:144372581
1741:Gray 1960
1684:Gray 1960
1669:Gray 1960
1657:Gray 1960
1645:Gray 1960
1633:Gray 1960
1621:Gray 1960
1604:Gray 1960
1592:Gray 1960
1552:143921018
1483:163831688
1274:April 13,
1121:USS
950:USS
914:Vicksburg
912:USS
902:. He and
834:Nicaragua
827:USS
823:commander
816:USS
793:USS
760:Tennessee
758:USS
746:USS
713:USS
708:1905–1907
698:1902–1905
677:USS
672:1899–1901
664:Vicksburg
662:USS
657:1898–1899
637:USS
632:1897–1898
607:USS
594:1893–1897
585:USS
581:1890–1893
571:1889–1890
558:1885–1889
551:Tennessee
549:USS
545:1882–1885
528:USS
514:1879–1881
505:USS
501:1877–1878
492:USS
479:USS
475:1875–1877
466:USS
455:Pensacola
453:USS
449:1873–1875
432:Lancaster
430:USS
426:1869–1872
412:USS
408:1868–1869
399:USS
395:1867–1868
374:Baltimore
363:USS
345:began in
328:USS
321:USS
317:Pensacola
312:Pensacola
310:USS
305:Lancaster
303:USS
292:USS
290:and then
285:USS
242:USS
168:USS
160:USS
154:Vicksburg
152:USS
144:USS
136:USS
114:1863–1907
2391:Tulafono
2354:Elected
2320:Aspinall
2191:Latimore
2126:Woodruff
1934:60-12080
1899:ProQuest
1867:Archived
1859:ProQuest
1827:Archived
1819:ProQuest
1772:Archived
1764:ProQuest
1556:Archived
1548:ProQuest
1487:Archived
1479:ProQuest
1228:"Tilley"
1196:Tapuitea
1155:See also
1100:de facto
1049:skipjack
974:Auckland
952:Abarenda
873:schooner
818:Bancroft
812:Santiago
748:Powhatan
743:flagship
679:Abarenda
609:Bancroft
530:Standish
507:Powhatan
494:Plymouth
481:Hartford
401:Franklin
365:Plymouth
330:Hartford
287:Franklin
162:Abarenda
138:Bancroft
129:Commands
99:Service/
2376:Coleman
2366:Coleman
2340:Barnett
2330:Mockler
2310:Coleman
2290:Elliott
2216:Wallace
2196:Dowling
2181:Lincoln
2176:Emerson
2166:Lincoln
2151:Kellogg
2146:Pollock
2136:Terhune
2116:Stearns
1873:July 5,
1833:July 5,
1778:July 5,
1562:July 5,
1493:July 5,
1340:The Sun
1238:May 18,
1080:captain
1038:militia
904:Newport
892:Newport
869:Paquete
862:Newport
829:Newport
639:Newport
244:Newport
146:Newport
2396:Moliga
2381:Lutali
2371:Lutali
2325:Haydon
2285:Phelps
2273:Civil
2264:Darden
2254:Houser
2226:Larsen
2211:Hanson
2161:Graham
2101:Parker
2084:Naval
2059:Minett
2054:Sebree
2049:Tilley
1942:498821
1940:
1932:
1901:
1861:
1821:
1766:
1550:
1518:
1481:
1018:Manu'a
937:, the
876:Pireno
414:Frolic
299:Frolic
294:Frolic
101:branch
2401:Mauga
2386:Sunia
2295:Ewing
2259:Huber
2249:Canan
2239:Hobbs
2234:Moyer
2206:Milne
2171:Spore
2156:Bryan
2141:Evans
2131:Poyer
2106:Crose
2096:Moore
1975:First
1265:(PDF)
1203:(PDF)
1192:(PDF)
1174:Notes
890:, as
866:sloop
275:, to
2335:Ruth
2305:Lowe
2300:Judd
2221:Wild
2121:Post
2111:Post
1938:OCLC
1930:LCCN
1875:2017
1835:2017
1780:2017
1564:2017
1516:ISBN
1495:2017
1276:2007
1240:2008
1211:2011
1123:Iowa
1033:duty
1010:Taʻu
871:and
779:USS
723:1907
715:Iowa
647:1898
622:1897
602:1896
537:1882
524:1881
488:1877
462:1875
353:and
170:Iowa
119:Rank
70:Died
50:Born
2345:Lee
2315:Lee
1269:106
1130:in
1115:in
929:at
882:of
2418::
1936:.
1893:.
1865:.
1853:.
1825:.
1813:.
1770:.
1758:.
1728:54
1726:.
1711:^
1701:.
1676:^
1611:^
1554:.
1540:.
1485:.
1471:.
1436:.
1416:.
1394:.
1374:.
1352:;
1344:;
1308:.
1248:^
1219:^
1194:.
1134:,
1044:.
840:.
333:.
82:,
2022:e
2015:t
2008:v
1944:.
1905:.
1877:.
1837:.
1782:.
1566:.
1524:.
1497:.
1310:1
1278:.
1242:.
1213:.
58:)
54:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
