858:. The pope sent a letter with a similar content and tone to Bishop Ekbert of Bamberg, Berthold's brother too. Pope Gregory temporarily even suspended and excommunicated the brothers. In contrast, historian Gergely Kiss considered the ecclesiastical punishments to Berthold and Ekbert were connected to the strained foreign relations between Hungary and Austria. According to a papal letter from 1229, Berthold visited the Hungarian royal court to dissuade Andrew II from participating in the conspiracy against Frederick II. In October 1234, Pope Gregory IX requested Berthold to seek the consent of his former brother-in-law Andrew II for the Teutonic Order's return to Transylvania (the knights were expelled from Hungary a decade earlier, who had attempted to eliminate Andrew's suzerainty in Burzenland) or at least compensate them for their losses.
450:), which was established around 1189 in order to represent the Transylvanian Saxons and was not subject of the Diocese of Transylvania, into a bishopric within the ecclesiastical authority of Kalocsa. However, Pope Innocent III refused this plan; the pope argued that step would violate the rights of the Bishop of Transylvania, which obviously means that the new bishopric would have united all the German churches in Transylvania and the provostship of Szeben, which would have been the basis of the planned bishopric, was under the spiritual jurisdiction of either the Apostolic See or the Archbishop of Esztergom.
867:
702:, while others supported the election of Ulrich, a canon of the aforementioned chapter. Pope Honorius III investigated the case and declared and invalidated the postulation and the result of the election, citing a violation of canon law. He placed the task under his own authority and appointed Berthold as Patriarch of Aquileia on 27 March 1218. His transfer from Kalocsa to Aquileia took months. In July 1218, Pope Honorius instructed Archbishop and Patriarch-elect Berthold to consecrate "a bishop of Cumania". However, the establishment of the short-lived
739:
465:. The walls of the existing 11th-century cathedral were not used in the walls of the new church. Based on the consistency reflected in the stone carvings from the new building, art historian Imre Takács envisioned a rapid, almost campaign-like construction, which may prove that the renovation of the cathedral can be linked to the contemporary church policy rivalry between archbishops John of Esztergom and Berthold of Kalocsa. Berthold judged over various lawsuits involving the possessions –
683:
38:
392:
366:, considering his archiepiscopal see as coequal. Taking advantage of his royal family connections, he sought to extort concessions and privileges for himself within the church hierarchy in Hungary against John, who this time was a defender of the interests of Esztergom. In response to Berthold's attacks, Archbishop John requested Pope Innocent to confirm his dignity's right of the
348:. The pope was outraged at this decision. His letter to Andrew II in January 1209 says that Berthold caused public outrage, because – as a prelate – he studied among ordinary students exposing his incomplete knowledge and demonstrating his unworthiness for the archbishopric. According to the pope, the archiepiscopal see was in a more severe status than if it had been a
354:. Pope Innocent instructed Berthold to return to Kalocsa, where he can discreetly begin his theological studies, otherwise he threatened to deprive him of his office. In the same time, the pope rebuked King Andrew for misleading him with his "urgent requests" when, yielding to pressure, he appointed an uneducated man to be the "bishop of bishops" (i.e. archbishop).
337:), however, the pope confirmed Berthold as Archbishop of Kalocsa in December 1207. The pope entrusted his papal legate Cardinal Gregorius de Crescentio to deal with the issue. Nevertheless, Berthold was styled as archbishop-elect until 1212. It is plausible he turned 30 that year, which was a condition for the election of a bishop, and Pope Innocent III sent his
1028:") took over the story too, claiming that one of Gertrude's brothers raped Bánk's wife, but does not mention Berthold by name. The involvement of the story made a decisive contribution to making the story rooted in the Hungarian chronicle and historiographical tradition and, subsequently, the Hungarian-language literature and culture.
782:, his loyalty to Frederick earned him a papal excommunication in 1229, which nevertheless was revoked two years later upon the intercession by King Andrew II of Hungary (other historians have differing views on the cause of excommunication, see below). As representative of the emperor, Berthold acted as one of the testimonies of the
541:
914:
forced
Frederick II to lift the siege. When Pope Gregory excommunicated the emperor in early 1239, Berthold was hesitant to announce the ecclesiastical censure in his patriarchate. Therefore, Berthold was excommunicated too. Berthold allied with Ezzelino in their joint campaign against Treviso, which
497:
As an unusual phenomenon in
Hungary, Queen Gertrude applied for and received a share in the government system. Her favoritism towards her German entourage were aggrieved numerous Hungarian barons, who feared to permanently lose their court positions and influence. Berthold was the main beneficiary in
947:
to a bishopric and of
Austria (including Styria) to a kingdom were initiated by Duke Frederick in 1245, who succeeded in gaining the rule over the March of Carniola from the Patriarchate of Aquileia. The Austrian duke would have put Anselinus, Berthold's natural son, at the head of this new fiefdom.
894:
patriarchal councils of increasingly greater size, convoked first in 1231 to obtain the financial and military support of the
Friulian barons in the near continual wars of patriarchs with their neighbours. Berthold granted various tax exemptions to the nobility of Friuli since 1245. Berthold sought
387:
to
Esztergom, but John had to waive his all right (i.e. superintendence over the royal churches, abbeys and provostries, ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the royal officials) in the territory of the church province of Kalocsa, in accordance with the proposal. The theses of the document was promoted
583:
confirms
Berthold's presence during the assassination. Despite the doubtful authenticity of the chronicle's report, historian Tamás Körmendi accepted the information on Berthold's presence, since a letter of Pope Innocent III to Archbishop John of Esztergom in January 1214 refers to the assault on
919:
requested the pope to absolve their maternal uncle from the excommunication. Gregory IX could not refuse the petition of what he described as "among the
Christian rulers especially kind kings", though he had one condition, namely, that Berthold should appear before the papal court personally. The
706:
did not happen until a decade later under the guidance of
Archbishop Robert of Esztergom. Berthold's appointment as Patriarch of Aquileia marked a significant advance in his church career, through which he was able to represent the interests of his family even more, as the patriarchate located in
588:
the perpetrators. In addition, the pope also sent a letter to the "dukes of Poland" not to give any refuge to the perpetrators who might flee abroad. When Andrew II heard of
Gertrude's murder, he returned to Hungary and ordered the execution of Peter, son of Töre. Upon the request of Andrew II,
951:
During the First
Council of Lyon, Frederick II was excommunicated again. To get rid of his predicament and his fear of excommunication and political isolation, Berthold reconsidered his political allegiance and became increasingly distant from the emperor over the years, even after his nephew
559:, he appointed his wife Queen Gertrude and Berthold as regents in early September 1213 during his absence. Andrew's generosity towards his wife's German relatives and courtiers discontented the local lords. Berthold's undue preference at the instigation of his sister disgusted the Hungarian
601:, which aroused the wrath of Andrew II, who complained this to the pope and threatened to indemnify the royal treasury from the proceeds of the archdiocese. The case may have been settled soon, because Bertold was able to return to Hungary in the first half of 1214.
853:
Even after his appointment as patriarch, Berthold remained in contact with the Kingdom of Hungary. According to historian Gábor Barabás, Pope Gregory IX rebuked him in June 1229, as he hindered King Andrew II from fulfilling the promise of leading a crusade to the
956:
died in 1248, which resulted the expiration of the Duchy of Merania. In his later years, Berthold tried to arbitrate between the emperor and the pope, though ultimately to no avail. Berthold entered into a defense alliance with the neighboring city-states of
890:, which had been a favourite residence of Berthold and his successors since the mid-13th century and soon became a large city. Berthold granted the right to hold trade fairs to Udine. During Berthold's rule, the Friulian parliament began to evolve out of
433:
would have been a defense factor for his ecclesiastical province, which contributes to the political strengthening of Kalocsa in the conflict of jurisdiction against Esztergom. Berthold also sought to establish a separate Roman Catholic diocese for the
370:
in 1209. Nevertheless, Berthold achieved partial success; a proposal for the compromise settlement of the resurgence of the quarrel was made by a committee of bishops belonging to the two archdioceses, which was presented to the pope by bishops
935:. Berthold gathered his troops and participated in the defense along the Austrian border, with several other lords and prelates. Berthold fled to Apulia in the spring of 1242. Together with the emperor, Berthold urged the newly crowned
524:
counties in 1213. The influence of Berthold and his kinship shows, when provost Adolph was granted royal donation of lands upon the intercession of Gertrude and his brothers in 1209. It is plausible that Andrew II sent the provost to
388:
by Andrew II himself too. However Pope Innocent, upon the complaint of the cathedral chapter of Esztergom, refused to countersign the document on 12 February 1212, referring to its "harmful consequences" for the Kingdom of Hungary.
1004:") is the earliest known work, which preserved the alleged story of that Berthold raped the wife of a powerful lord Bánk Bár-Kalán, which was the immediate cause of the assassination of his sister, Queen Gertrude, who acted as a
604:
Although Berthold returned to Hungary in 1214, King Andrew II certainly learning from previous experiences, no longer gave him as much political influence or territorial power as before. Berthold confirmed a donation letter of
383:, when the process must be performed by the archbishop of Kalocsa. The so-called "second coronations" (during festive events) must be celebrated jointly. In addition, the document attached the collection of tithe after the
170:
379:
in 1211. The proposal contained that the right of coronation should belong to the role of archbishop Esztergom, except in case of deliberate rejection, obstacle, deteriorated health condition or
584:
Berthold. According to the pope's letter, during the rebellion many clergy and monks in the Archdiocese of Kalocsa suffered physical insult and material damage. Innocent instructed John to
806:
in 1233, Berthold joined his army alongside his brothers and other imperial lords. Following the defeat of Henry, Frederick II entrusted Berthold to transport his captured son to
814:
in 1235. After Emperor Frederick ostracized Frederick II, Duke of Austria from his realm due to his involvement in Henry's rebellion, brothers Berthold and Ekbert invaded the
606:
2023:
589:
bishops Peter of Győr and Robert of Veszprém escorted the unpopular and endangered Berthold until the Austrian border in late 1213, protected by the episcopal armies of
318:
498:
this political situation. Despite his ecclesiastical career, he also held secular dignities, which was not a widespread practice in Hungary at that time. Replacing
939:
to launch a crusade against the Mongols. Innocent entrusted the patriarch to lead a crusade into Hungary in July 1243. He was mandated with the same task in the
2063:
478:
363:
948:
However, the Austrian–Bohemian and Austrian–Hungarian conflicts (the latter caused Frederick's death in 1246) prevented the implementation of this plan.
899:, who tried to expand his influence over Aquileia (or Friuli), despite the fact that both Berthold and Ezzelino were strong pillars of the pro-Emperor
1670:
Kiss, Gergely (2014). "Meránia és Aquileia között. Berthold kalocsai érsek pályafutásának egyházkormányzati tanulságai ". In Majorossy, Judit (ed.).
317:; according to his letter to King Andrew II in June 1206, the pope initiated an investigation on Berthold's age and education under the direction of
362:
Shortly after his return to Hungary in 1209, Berthold followed the path of his predecessor, John, and questioned the primacy jurisdiction of the
2053:
886:. Under his leadership, the Patriarchate had a flourishing economy and cultural life, supported by a good road network. Udine in central
932:
985:
130:
594:
2068:
2058:
426:
1035:
took over the story, but it denies the responsibility of Gertrude, as well as three Bavarian authors in the 15th-century, namely
575:
Gertrude and several of her courtiers, while Berthold – who was physically abused by the rebels – narrowly escaped his life with
838:. In 1238 Agnes is found together with her uncle Berthold on the occasion of the colonization of the Michelstetten monastery in
329:
to become a suffragan. Consequently, Pope Innocent refused his election in April 1207, citing the violation of the canon of the
325:. The process revealed that Berthold may have been 25 years of age or slightly older and did not have an adequate education of
322:
794:
and hosted another one in Cividale in 1231–1232. Berthold hosted the negotiations between Frederick II and his rebellious son
1839:
1803:
1748:
1727:
1704:
1683:
1643:
277:
976:
Following the abolition of the Duchy of Merania, Berthols established large-scale domains to the patriarchate, for instance
920:
case of Berthold, however, did not come to a rapid conclusion despite Gregory's promise. The pope entrusted his subdeacon,
634:
572:
1909:
943:
in 1245, but in the end no campaign took place in either case. When negotiations with the emperor about the elevation of
82:
633:, which have no pastoral duties. The Hungarian monarch commissioned him to oversee the delivery of salt to the canons of
367:
1020:") at the end of the 13th century, but Berthold is anachronistically styled as Patriarch of Aquileia. The 14th-century
298:
992:
Patriarchs of Aquileia. His successor Gregorio di Montelongo had led a Guelph coalition against Emperor Frederick II.
477:
in the period between 1211 and 1214. He also acted as an arbiter in the lawsuit between Bishop Robert of Veszprém and
2048:
1767:
787:
703:
585:
384:
309:. The cathedral chapter elected him under the pressure of the Hungarian royal couple. Andrew II sent a letter to the
590:
928:
875:
819:
751:
580:
326:
988:. With Berthold's death, his line of the counts of Andechs became extinct. He was also the last in a long line of
2038:
2033:
556:
372:
1636:
The Papacy and Hungary in the First Half of the 13th Century. Papal influence – cooperation – clash of interests
1783:
1654:
1892:
1778:
847:
799:
610:
313:
in order to request the papal confirmation of his election. However, the appointment was not acknowledged by
306:
771:
625:) in the churches of his archdiocese and his suffragans' sees with the pope's permission in the same year.
330:
1995:
970:
953:
530:
429:, a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Kalocsa. Berthold considered the settlement of the knights along the
376:
1714:
Körmendi, Tamás (2014). "A Gertrúd királyné elleni merénylet körülményei ". In Majorossy, Judit (ed.).
778:
in 1229. German historian Edmund von Oefele argued during the fierce conflict between the emperor and
344:
Following his confirmation, Berthold immediately left behind his archdiocese in order to study at the
2043:
2028:
699:
609:
in 1215. Along with Archbishop John and several Hungarian suffragans, Berthold participated in the
305:, who in the first half of 1206 had his brother-in-law nominated Archbishop of Kalocsa, succeeding
711:. During his patriarchy, he led several successful campaigns to consolidate his power against the
1985:
911:
900:
630:
511:
1632:
A pápaság és Magyarország a 13. század első felében. Pápai hatás – együttműködés – érdekellentét
1055:. All four works agree that Berthold forced a Hungarian noblewoman to commit adultery with him.
1936:
921:
896:
795:
486:
230:
29:
1951:
563:. On 28 September 1213, while the king marched into Galicia–Volhynia, a group of lords led by
499:
2013:
1926:
1899:
940:
783:
747:
576:
474:
345:
214:
210:
92:
1032:
646:
564:
521:
2018:
1067:
1009:
846:
nuns from Vienna (later Berthold mediated the wedding between Agnes and her second husband
835:
618:
597:. However, Berthold took with him the treasures of his late sister, worth a total of 7,000
549:
435:
430:
302:
238:
866:
8:
1036:
732:
649:
to Berthold in the first half of 1217. Berthold took his nephew, the 11-year-old BĂ©la to
614:
545:
458:
258:
1008:
in the adultery, in September 1213. The chronicle was compiled by a Hungarian cleric in
915:
rebelled against Frederick's rule. Berthold's nephews, King BĂ©la IV of Hungary and Duke
786:
in July 1230, where Frederick and Pope Gregory IX concluded peace. He also attended the
916:
831:
823:
803:
758:. He attended the papal coronation of Frederick II with the escort of 2,000 knights in
728:
418:
273:
269:
182:
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in order to repel a possible punitive campaign of Frederick II. The emperor entrusted
1835:
1799:
1763:
1744:
1723:
1700:
1679:
1639:
720:
712:
626:
454:
314:
281:
262:
250:
242:
1820:
698:
in January 1218, some members of the local cathedral chapter postulated Berthold as
1919:
1858:
1021:
936:
907:
807:
708:
695:
654:
534:
254:
226:
202:
190:
1978:
1968:
1958:
1883:
1743:(in Hungarian). MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézet.
883:
870:
Portrait of Patriarch Berthold, located in Museo Diocesano e Gallerie del Tiepolo
843:
815:
779:
687:
568:
503:
246:
234:
174:
1739:
Az 1196–1235 közötti magyar történelem nyugati elbeszélő forrásainak kritikája
1059:
977:
755:
406:
738:
2007:
1013:
925:
767:
642:
425:), granted to the Teutonic Order by Andrew II in that year, belonged to the
1716:
Egy történelmi gyilkosság margójára. Merániai Gertrúd emlékezete, 1213–2013
1672:
Egy történelmi gyilkosság margójára. Merániai Gertrúd emlékezete, 1213–2013
1048:
410:
397:
350:
1787:(in German), vol. 2, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 516–518
1760:
A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon
613:
in 1215. Returning Hungary, Berthold ordered a compulsory reading of the
598:
540:
924:, to absolve the Berthold as early as January 1241. Soon, the advancing
1719:
1675:
1058:
Berthold donated two codices to the cathedral chapter of Cividale, the
1016:
around 1270. Its text was utilized by the Dominican Annals of Vienna ("
462:
414:
1638:] (in Hungarian). Pécsi Történettudományért Kulturális Egyesület.
579:, according to the interpretation of historian Gyula Pauler. Only the
1005:
973:
to confiscate all of Berthold's possessions in Styria and Carinthia.
855:
775:
763:
526:
280:
in 1203, due to the intercession and influence of his elder brother
1798:(in Hungarian). Arpadiana XV., Research Centre for the Humanities.
1070:'s Psalm (she was the daughter of Gertrude and niece of Berthold).
981:
839:
682:
666:
470:
466:
310:
120:
984:). Berthold died in Aquileia on 23 May 1251. He was buried in the
516:
37:
989:
966:
958:
791:
716:
622:
560:
447:
442:. In this endeavor, he attempted to transform the provostship of
338:
284:, the local bishop. Berthold served in this capacity until 1205.
1699:(in Hungarian). Pécsi Történettudományért Kulturális Egyesület.
962:
944:
887:
827:
811:
658:
638:
533:
of the brothers' innocence in the case of the assassination of
439:
879:
746:
Berthold secured his position being a loyal supporter of the
731:
in this process. He expanded the walled area of his capital,
724:
650:
482:
443:
391:
1328:
1292:
759:
1834:(in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete.
1466:
1464:
510:" in this capacity in 1211. Thereafter, Berthold was made
333:. Upon the request of the king and the cathedral chapter (
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1571:
1376:
1374:
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1445:
1420:
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1182:
1133:
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1103:
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770:(1228–1229). He took part in the re-consecration of the
629:, in 1216, confirmed Berthold's right to freely appoint
514:, serving from 1212 to 1213. He was also referred to as
1461:
1357:
1355:
1304:
1118:
1116:
762:
in November 1220. Berthold escorted the emperor to the
707:
northeastern Italy, near their imperial fiefdom of the
1535:
1523:
1430:
1367:
1340:
1316:
1253:
830:
in early 1237, when the emperor obtained the title of
268:
Berthold, chosen for an ecclesiastical career, became
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1547:
1511:
1476:
1442:
1413:
1391:
1389:
1280:
1268:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1194:
1155:
1128:
1098:
405:
Berthold had important role in the settlement of the
1499:
1401:
1352:
1172:
1170:
1143:
1113:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
2024:13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Hungary
1386:
1230:
1206:
1167:
1079:
225:He was born around 1182, as a younger son of the
2005:
1657:(in Italian). Dizionario Biografico dei Friulani
567:dared a raid into a queen's hunting camp in the
544:Berthold's patrons until 1213: his sister Queen
395:Berthold together with his parents and sisters (
1830:Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301
657:. Other historians identified this castle with
555:When Andrew II prepared a military campaign to
438:and to launch missions in order to convert the
895:to prevent the expansion of the cruel warlord
645:, Andrew II entrusted his eldest son and heir
297:Berthold followed his sister Gertrude to the
2064:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
1652:
1031:The chronicle of the family monastery, the
665:") in the Holy Roman Empire (today Kamnik,
874:In 1238 Berthold moved the capital of the
36:
1815:A kalocsai érsekek életrajza (1000–1526)
292:
131:Basilica di Santa Maria Assunta, Aquileia
1736:
1713:
1695:A kalocsai érseki tartomány kialakulása
1655:"Andechs-Merania (di) Bertoldo (?–1251)"
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1334:
1322:
865:
737:
681:
672:
539:
390:
287:
1827:
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1346:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1200:
1161:
1149:
1137:
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822:, Frederick's wife during the siege of
818:in 1236. They captured their own niece
461:on the model of French cathedrals with
2006:
1791:
1776:
1692:
1565:
1553:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1470:
1455:
1424:
1407:
1310:
1224:
1188:
1757:
1361:
686:Berthold ordered the construction of
677:
506:from 1209 to 1212. He was styled as "
357:
1794:Közép-Európa a hosszú 13. században
1669:
1653:Dissaderi, Massimo; Casadio, Paolo.
1395:
1247:
1212:
1176:
1092:
1018:Annales Praedicatorum Vindobonensium
368:coronation of the Hungarian monarch
13:
2054:Hungarian people of German descent
882:, where he gave orders to erect a
754:against the Italian cities of the
481:regarding the collection right of
14:
2080:
1854:Berthold (patriarch of Aquileia)
1718:(in Hungarian). Ferenczy Museum,
1674:(in Hungarian). Ferenczy Museum,
704:Roman Catholic Diocese of Cumania
1000:The Austrian Rhymed Chronicle ("
492:
2069:Christians of the Sixth Crusade
2059:13th-century Hungarian nobility
1762:(in Hungarian). Helikon KiadĂł.
1002:Chronicon rhythmicum Austriacum
986:Basilica di Santa Maria Assunta
249:. Among his siblings were Duke
1784:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
861:
641:in 1217. Before launching the
453:Berthold possibly rebuilt the
213:from 1206 until 1218, and the
201:. 1182 – 23 May 1251) was the
1:
1073:
980:(present-day Slovenj Gradec,
800:Frederick II, Duke of Austria
723:. He formed an alliance with
611:Fourth Council of the Lateran
220:
1777:Oefele, Edmund von (1875), "
933:raided the Holy Roman Empire
906:Berthold was present in the
798:in the spring of 1232. When
772:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
581:Galician–Volhynian Chronicle
331:Third Council of the Lateran
7:
971:Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia
910:in October 1238, where the
742:Coins of Patriarch Berthold
607:Stephen I, Bishop of Zagreb
531:Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
217:from 1218 until his death.
195:Bertoldo di Andechs-Merania
16:German/Hungarian archbishop
10:
2085:
1622:
826:. Berthold was present in
179:Berthold von Andechs-Meran
1992:
1983:
1975:
1965:
1956:
1948:
1943:
1933:
1924:
1916:
1906:
1897:
1889:
1882:
1852:
1792:Rudolf, Veronika (2023).
995:
631:rectors of those churches
152:
144:
136:
126:
114:
103:
98:
88:
78:
68:
60:
52:
44:
35:
28:
21:
2049:Voivodes of Transylvania
1828:Zsoldos, Attila (2011).
1813:Udvardy, JĂłzsef (1991).
1737:Körmendi, Tamás (2019).
548:and brother-in-law King
364:Archdiocese of Esztergom
245:, a member of the Saxon
241:in 1183. His mother was
233:, who was elevated to a
1986:Voivode of Transylvania
1693:Koszta, László (2013).
1630:Barabás, Gábor (2015).
834:for his 9-year-old son
694:Following the death of
512:Voivode of Transylvania
508:Dalmacie Croacieque dux
469:(present-day Diakovce,
427:Diocese of Transylvania
319:Eberhard von Regensberg
2039:Archbishops of Kalocsa
2034:Patriarchs of Aquileia
1937:Gregorio di Montelongo
1884:Catholic Church titles
1758:Markó, László (2006).
922:Gregorio di Montelongo
897:Ezzelino III da Romano
871:
743:
691:
552:
473:) and Dinnye – of the
422:
402:
323:Archbishop of Salzburg
293:Controversial election
278:Archdiocese of Bamberg
231:Berthold IV of Andechs
194:
186:
178:
1927:Patriarch of Aquileia
1900:Archbishop of Kalocsa
1053:Chronicon Baioariorum
1022:Illuminated Chronicle
941:First Council of Lyon
869:
784:Treaty of San Germano
741:
700:Patriarch of Aquileia
685:
673:Patriarch of Aquileia
577:Leopold VI of Austria
543:
502:, Berthold served as
394:
346:University of Vicenza
288:Archbishop of Kalocsa
215:patriarch of Aquileia
211:archbishop of Kalocsa
93:Patriarch of Aquileia
30:Archbishop of Kalocsa
1779:Berthold von Andechs
1301:, pp. 126, 142.
1010:Klosterneuburg Abbey
876:ecclesiastical state
619:Stephen I of Hungary
550:Andrew II of Hungary
446:(present-day Sibiu,
436:Transylvanian Saxons
431:Southern Carpathians
341:shortly thereafter.
239:Frederick Barbarossa
1821:Görres Gesellschaft
1722:. pp. 95–124.
1337:, pp. 103–104.
1227:, pp. 114–115.
1191:, pp. 110–111.
1041:Chronkon universale
1037:Andreas of Ratisbon
719:and the rebellious
479:Uros of Pannonhalma
1944:Political offices
1678:. pp. 87–94.
1064:Psalterium Egberti
1045:Chronicon Bavariae
1043:, Ulrich Onsorg's
917:Coloman of Galicia
872:
848:Ulrich of Sponheim
832:King of the Romans
824:Riegersburg Castle
804:Kingdom of Bohemia
744:
729:Republic of Venice
692:
678:Ghibelline prelate
565:Peter, son of Töre
553:
413:in 1211. The area
403:
373:Robert of Veszprém
358:Episcopal activity
257:, Hungarian queen
2002:
2001:
1993:Succeeded by
1966:Succeeded by
1934:Succeeded by
1907:Succeeded by
1841:978-963-9627-38-3
1805:978-963-416-406-7
1750:978-963-416-163-9
1729:978-963-9590-77-9
1706:978-963-89482-2-9
1685:978-963-9590-77-9
1645:978-963-89482-5-0
1616:, pp. 53–55.
1604:, pp. 51–52.
1592:, pp. 48–49.
1580:, pp. 45–46.
1473:, pp. 74–75.
1313:, pp. 45–46.
878:from Cividale to
713:County of Gorizia
627:Pope Honorius III
475:Pannonhalma Abbey
455:Kalocsa Cathedral
315:Pope Innocent III
301:court under King
272:at the cathedral
263:Hedwig of Silesia
251:Otto I of Merania
243:Agnes of Rochlitz
209:) from 1204, the
163:
162:
159:
140:German, Hungarian
2076:
2044:Bans of Slavonia
2029:House of Andechs
1976:Preceded by
1949:Preceded by
1920:Wolfger von Erla
1917:Preceded by
1890:Preceded by
1878:
1871:
1859:House of Andechs
1850:
1849:
1845:
1824:
1819:(in Hungarian).
1809:
1788:
1773:
1754:
1733:
1710:
1689:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1649:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1474:
1468:
1459:
1453:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1384:
1378:
1365:
1359:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1251:
1245:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1120:
1111:
1105:
1096:
1090:
1026:Chronicon Pictum
937:Pope Innocent IV
908:Siege of Brescia
808:Rocca San Felice
709:Duchy of Merania
696:Wolfger von Erla
655:Duchy of Austria
557:Galicia–Volhynia
535:Philip of Swabia
203:count of Andechs
187:Merániai Bertold
173:
157:
99:Personal details
40:
19:
18:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1989:
1981:
1979:Michael Kacsics
1971:
1969:Michael Kacsics
1962:
1959:Ban of Slavonia
1954:
1939:
1930:
1922:
1912:
1903:
1895:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1806:
1770:
1751:
1730:
1707:
1686:
1660:
1658:
1646:
1625:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1477:
1469:
1462:
1454:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1387:
1379:
1368:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1254:
1246:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1129:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1099:
1091:
1080:
1076:
998:
929:invaded Hungary
864:
816:Duchy of Styria
780:Pope Gregory IX
688:Udine Cathedral
680:
675:
569:Pilis Mountains
522:Bács and Bodrog
504:Ban of Slavonia
495:
360:
295:
290:
253:, French queen
235:duke of Merania
223:
169:
119:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2082:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1955:
1952:Bánk Bár-Kalán
1950:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1825:
1810:
1804:
1789:
1774:
1768:
1755:
1749:
1734:
1728:
1711:
1705:
1690:
1684:
1667:
1650:
1644:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1568:, p. 125.
1558:
1556:, p. 118.
1546:
1544:, p. 161.
1534:
1532:, p. 140.
1522:
1520:, p. 106.
1510:
1498:
1496:, p. 517.
1475:
1460:
1458:, p. 518.
1441:
1439:, p. 189.
1429:
1427:, p. 516.
1412:
1400:
1385:
1383:, p. 111.
1366:
1364:, p. 407.
1351:
1349:, p. 110.
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1265:, p. 109.
1252:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1203:, p. 156.
1193:
1181:
1166:
1164:, p. 106.
1154:
1142:
1140:, p. 105.
1127:
1112:
1110:, p. 104.
1097:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1060:Egbert Psalter
997:
994:
863:
860:
756:Lombard League
679:
676:
674:
671:
500:Bánk Bár-Kalán
494:
491:
407:Teutonic Order
359:
356:
294:
291:
289:
286:
247:Wettin dynasty
222:
219:
161:
160:
158:(illegitimate)
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
116:
112:
111:
105:
101:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2081:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1851:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1769:963-547-085-1
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1615:
1614:Körmendi 2019
1610:
1603:
1602:Körmendi 2019
1598:
1591:
1590:Körmendi 2019
1586:
1579:
1578:Körmendi 2019
1574:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1519:
1514:
1508:, p. 85.
1507:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1410:, p. 56.
1409:
1404:
1398:, p. 91.
1397:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1335:Körmendi 2014
1331:
1325:, p. 95.
1324:
1323:Körmendi 2014
1319:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1295:
1289:, p. 37.
1288:
1283:
1277:, p. 43.
1276:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1250:, p. 88.
1249:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1215:, p. 90.
1214:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1179:, p. 89.
1178:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1158:
1152:, p. 29.
1151:
1146:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1125:, p. 84.
1124:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1095:, p. 87.
1094:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1068:St. Elizabeth
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:Lower Austria
1011:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:Windischgrätz
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
955:
949:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
927:
923:
918:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
868:
859:
857:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:imperial diet
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:Sixth Crusade
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
740:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
701:
697:
689:
684:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
643:Fifth Crusade
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
602:
600:
596:
592:
587:
586:excommunicate
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
551:
547:
542:
538:
536:
532:
528:
523:
519:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
493:Rise and fall
490:
488:
487:Somogy County
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
400:
399:
393:
389:
386:
382:
378:
377:Peter of Győr
374:
369:
365:
355:
353:
352:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
218:
216:
212:
208:
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200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
122:
117:
113:
109:
106:
102:
97:
94:
91:
89:Other post(s)
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
31:
27:
20:
2014:1180s births
1984:
1957:
1925:
1898:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1857:
1832:
1829:
1817:
1814:
1796:
1793:
1782:
1759:
1741:
1738:
1715:
1697:
1694:
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1635:
1631:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1542:Barabás 2015
1537:
1530:Barabás 2015
1525:
1513:
1501:
1437:Barabás 2015
1432:
1403:
1381:Udvardy 1991
1347:Udvardy 1991
1342:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1299:Zsoldos 2011
1294:
1287:Zsoldos 2011
1282:
1275:Zsoldos 2011
1270:
1263:Udvardy 1991
1220:
1208:
1201:Barabás 2015
1196:
1184:
1162:Udvardy 1991
1157:
1150:Barabás 2015
1145:
1138:Udvardy 1991
1123:Zsoldos 2011
1108:Udvardy 1991
1063:
1057:
1052:
1049:Veit Arnpeck
1044:
1040:
1033:DieĂźen Abbey
1030:
1025:
1017:
1001:
999:
975:
950:
905:
891:
873:
852:
802:invaded the
752:Frederick II
748:Hohenstaufen
745:
693:
662:
621:(written by
603:
554:
529:to convince
515:
507:
496:
459:Gothic style
452:
411:Transylvania
404:
398:Hedwig Codex
396:
381:sede vacante
380:
361:
351:sede vacante
349:
343:
334:
296:
267:
261:, and Saint
224:
206:
198:
165:
164:
145:Denomination
107:
73:sede vacante
72:
2019:1251 deaths
1996:Nicholas II
1877:23 May 1251
1566:Rudolf 2023
1554:Rudolf 2023
1518:Rudolf 2023
1506:Rudolf 2023
1494:Oefele 1875
1471:Rudolf 2023
1456:Oefele 1875
1425:Oefele 1875
1408:Rudolf 2023
1311:Rudolf 2023
1225:Koszta 2013
1189:Koszta 2013
862:Guelph turn
796:Henry (VII)
615:hagiography
237:by Emperor
137:Nationality
118:23 May 1251
69:Predecessor
45:Archdiocese
2008:Categories
1990:1212–1213
1963:1209–1212
1931:1218–1251
1910:Ugrin Csák
1904:1206–1218
1720:Szentendre
1676:Szentendre
1362:MarkĂł 2006
1074:References
1066:) and the
901:Ghibelline
690:after 1238
463:ambulatory
415:Burzenland
335:postulatio
221:Early life
207:Berthold V
156:Anselinus
83:Ugrin Csák
61:Term ended
1396:Kiss 2014
1248:Kiss 2014
1213:Kiss 2014
1177:Kiss 2014
1093:Kiss 2014
1006:procuress
884:cathedral
856:Holy Land
844:Dominican
776:Jerusalem
764:Holy Land
617:of Saint
527:Altenburg
419:Hungarian
327:canon law
303:Andrew II
299:Hungarian
183:Hungarian
171:‹See Tfd›
79:Successor
53:Installed
982:Slovenia
840:Carniola
750:emperor
733:Cividale
727:and the
667:Slovenia
595:Veszprém
573:murdered
561:magnates
546:Gertrude
471:Slovakia
423:Barcaság
311:Holy See
259:Gertrude
227:Bavarian
166:Berthold
153:Children
148:Catholic
121:Aquileia
23:Berthold
1623:Sources
967:Ferrara
959:Brescia
954:Otto II
926:Mongols
912:Guelphs
903:party.
792:Ravenna
766:in the
717:Treviso
653:in the
623:Hartvik
448:Romania
385:coinage
339:pallium
276:of the
274:chapter
270:provost
191:Italian
48:Kalocsa
1873:
1870:. 1182
1838:
1802:
1766:
1747:
1726:
1703:
1682:
1661:10 May
1642:
996:Legacy
990:German
963:Mantua
945:Vienna
892:ad hoc
888:Friuli
836:Conrad
828:Vienna
812:Apulia
721:Istria
663:Stahin
639:Szeged
635:Zagreb
483:tithes
444:Szeben
440:Cumans
282:Ekbert
229:count
175:German
127:Buried
1875:Died:
1865:Born:
1634:[
931:then
880:Udine
820:Agnes
725:Padua
659:Stein
651:Steyr
599:marks
517:ispán
457:into
255:Agnes
1893:John
1836:ISBN
1800:ISBN
1764:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1724:ISBN
1701:ISBN
1680:ISBN
1663:2022
1640:ISBN
1047:and
965:and
760:Rome
647:BĂ©la
593:and
591:Győr
571:and
467:Sala
375:and
307:John
205:(as
115:Died
110:1182
104:Born
64:1218
56:1206
1781:",
1051:'s
1039:'s
850:).
842:by
810:in
790:at
774:in
669:).
637:in
520:of
485:in
409:to
2010::
1478:^
1463:^
1444:^
1415:^
1388:^
1369:^
1354:^
1255:^
1232:^
1169:^
1130:^
1115:^
1100:^
1081:^
1024:("
1012:,
961:,
735:.
715:,
661:("
537:.
489:.
421::
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