375:) in having a phonemic glottal stop, two stop series (short and long), five vowels without a length contrast, relatively complex consonant clusters in codas (though only single-consonant onsets) and no essential distinction between word and syllable phonotactics. The consonant and vowel tables include the standardized pan-dialectal orthography.
310:
As a recent umbrella term for a group of mutually intelligible dialects, Bininj Kunwok itself is not included in the
Australian census, however the individual dialects are. In the 2021 census, 1494 people reported being Kunwinjku language speakers, as well as 423 of Kuninjku, 257 of Kune, 71 of
960:, with grammatical relations largely encoded within the complex verb. The verb carries obligatory polypersonal agreement, a number of derivational affixes (including benefactive, comitative, reflexive/reciprocal and TAM-morphology) and has an impressive potential for
342:, under the title "N186: Bininj Gun-Wok / Bininj Kunwok", cites Evans' grouping, but adds that others have used Kunwinjku as the equivalent of Bininj Gun-wok (Dixon 2002). It also notes that Mayali has also sometimes been used in the same way.
967:
The
Kunwinjku dialect preserved four noun classes but lost the core case marking on the nouns, and a handful of semantic cases are optional. Kune and Manyallaluk Mayali dialects have an optional ergative marker
349:, and is the most widespread, with an ethnic population of around 900, almost all of whom speak Kunwinjku in spite of increasing exposure to English. Kundjeyhmi is spoken in the central part of Kakadu.
1041:
197:
311:
Mayali and 12 of
Gundjeihmi (Kundjeyhmi), totalling 2,257 speakers. Kundedjnjenghmi was not offered as an option according to the Australian Standard Classification of Languages (ASCL).
5590:
940:
system with length distinctions. Bininj Kunwok is unique in that it does not have length distinctions for vowels (despite having them for consonants), and has the mid vowels
3354:
1107:
1396:
323:
for all dialects, identifies six dialects: Kunwinjku, Kuninjku, Gundjeihmi (now
Kundjeyhmi), Manyallaluk Mayali, Kundedjnjenghmi, and two varieties of
1335:
1000:), there is no rigid order within the 'nominal group', and the distinction between predicative and argumental use of nominals is hard to make.
3347:
1344:
359:
As of June 2015, the
Gundjeihmi dialect group officially adopted standard Kunwinjku orthography, meaning it would in future be spelt
268:(Kune Dulerayek and Kune Narayek). Kunwinjku is the dominant dialect, and also sometimes used to refer to the group. The spellings
3340:
1389:
352:
As of 2020, only three of the 12 original languages spoken in the Kakadu area are regularly spoken: Kundjeyhmi, Kunwinjku and
5262:
356:. Kundjeyhmi and Kunwinjku are dialects of Bininj Kunwok, while Jawoyn is a separate language spoken in the southern areas.
334:
these distinctions are recognised, at least by the relevant group and its neighbours, by the use of distinct language names.
1382:
692:
5414:
5374:
2225:
3503:
3461:
2097:
5242:
3071:
300:
5458:
5302:
4282:
4238:
3564:
3363:
2485:
997:
925:
783:
372:
229:
5580:
5367:
5329:
3537:
5453:
5440:
5320:
304:
5218:
4690:
4043:
3621:
1602:
993:
814:
795:
673:
212:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
913:
905:
892:
884:
876:
868:
855:
847:
641:
633:
5448:
5354:
5277:
5193:
4912:
4367:
3083:
1797:
961:
754:
552:
488:
1351:
5419:
5256:
4245:
4189:
3376:
2977:
2776:
2632:
2620:
2435:
2133:
1800:
1769:
1405:
702:
542:
512:
478:
448:
5267:
2248:
2076:
1687:
532:
468:
5291:
5106:
3923:
3823:
3803:
3763:
3650:
3635:
3513:
3438:
3043:
2005:
1878:
1754:
1592:
1451:
1436:
766:
1195:
1170:
5539:
4899:
4714:
4489:
4102:
3508:
2834:
2806:
1954:
1630:
1587:
1520:
522:
458:
151:
3332:
371:
Bininj Kunwok is typical of the languages of central Arnhem Land (and contrasts with most other
331:
the phonology, grammar and lexicon of these dialects share significant clusterings of properties
4907:
4876:
4843:
4810:
4538:
4074:
3943:
3627:
3400:
3007:
2997:
2328:
2313:
2267:
2195:
2153:
1289:
957:
611:
420:
280:
5463:
5551:
4018:
4011:
3999:
3854:
3830:
3217:
2910:
2897:
2709:
2526:
2285:
1702:
1582:
1530:
663:
601:
571:
99:
4395:
3105:
276:
have also been used in the past, however Bininj Kunwok is the current standard orthography.
5585:
5533:
5408:
5285:
5232:
5076:
5012:
4866:
4861:
4833:
4828:
4820:
4587:
4377:
3968:
3472:
3466:
3238:
3146:
3092:
2946:
2882:
2745:
2594:
2566:
2561:
2376:
2305:
2290:
2220:
2215:
2205:
2200:
2190:
2158:
2071:
1977:
1962:
1911:
1906:
1896:
1723:
1692:
1540:
1535:
1144:
1037:
591:
388:
292:
203:
8:
5491:
5250:
5226:
5182:
5111:
5045:
5035:
4851:
4797:
4774:
4660:
4532:
4517:
4495:
4438:
4421:
4132:
4109:
3860:
3774:
3600:
3498:
3421:
3410:
3405:
3367:
3212:
3202:
3192:
3136:
3022:
2887:
2740:
2717:
2694:
2551:
2243:
2145:
2058:
2018:
1985:
1921:
1901:
1812:
1640:
1566:
1446:
1441:
430:
5201:
5059:
5007:
4994:
4957:
4805:
4764:
4743:
4607:
4522:
4390:
4356:
4325:
4314:
4251:
4233:
4205:
4081:
3867:
3790:
3746:
3606:
3593:
3444:
3308:
3280:
3270:
3197:
3110:
2926:
2722:
2663:
2655:
2640:
2617:
2584:
2508:
2498:
2475:
2404:
2399:
2318:
2280:
2210:
2130:
2066:
2043:
2038:
2028:
1995:
1990:
1886:
1830:
1774:
1733:
1661:
1615:
1610:
1545:
1471:
1086:
1017:
581:
425:
410:
146:
52:
4065:
2989:
1060:
189:
5383:
5296:
5167:
5147:
5091:
5065:
5053:
5022:
4967:
4884:
4769:
4727:
4593:
4566:
4553:
4473:
4336:
4296:
4265:
4260:
4194:
4184:
3915:
3908:
3902:
3875:
3797:
3739:
3673:
3641:
3613:
3479:
3295:
3262:
3243:
3233:
3182:
3172:
2941:
2829:
2824:
2816:
2773:
2732:
2645:
2589:
2576:
2556:
2536:
2493:
2455:
2432:
2386:
2363:
2343:
2333:
2275:
2174:
2168:
2013:
1868:
1863:
1825:
1749:
1728:
1697:
1635:
1561:
1515:
1456:
624:
403:
393:
126:
5361:
5338:
5142:
4980:
4975:
4952:
4944:
4934:
4926:
4856:
4699:
4676:
4622:
4571:
4557:
4500:
4400:
4385:
4319:
4160:
4154:
4145:
4118:
3980:
3956:
3929:
3783:
3704:
3697:
3285:
3248:
3187:
3115:
3100:
3017:
2867:
2862:
2852:
2844:
2801:
2699:
2673:
2541:
2521:
2516:
2470:
2460:
2409:
2394:
2371:
2353:
2033:
1944:
1939:
1853:
1835:
1820:
1764:
1682:
1677:
1656:
1525:
1466:
1461:
1295:
1265:
653:
506:
442:
398:
131:
94:
66:
5473:
5207:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5030:
4704:
4527:
4468:
4462:
4350:
4344:
4304:
4125:
4095:
4088:
3992:
3936:
3837:
3754:
3713:
3661:
3588:
3583:
3570:
3556:
3452:
3415:
3313:
3303:
3275:
3207:
3177:
3167:
3048:
3027:
3012:
3002:
2931:
2877:
2857:
2796:
2750:
2681:
2546:
2531:
2465:
2447:
2348:
2323:
2235:
2182:
2107:
2092:
2048:
2023:
1967:
1934:
1845:
1759:
1620:
1497:
1481:
1476:
1418:
565:
415:
353:
86:
217:
5486:
5481:
5096:
4788:
4748:
4655:
4627:
4432:
4426:
4416:
4214:
4199:
4036:
3731:
3543:
3151:
3141:
3131:
2953:
2788:
2102:
1929:
1891:
1718:
437:
327:
most commonly known as Kune
Dulerayek and Kune Narayek; based on the fact that
141:
5574:
5528:
5500:
5172:
5002:
4889:
4637:
4632:
3724:
3685:
3576:
2338:
2295:
1858:
1507:
981:
736:
291:. There are over two thousand fluent speakers in an area roughly bounded by
5101:
498:
324:
136:
1312:
A tentative description of the
Gunwinggu language (of western Arnhem Land)
173:
5523:
1374:
731:
686:
296:
288:
1281:
Kunwinjku Kunwok: a short introduction to
Kunwinjku language and society
5545:
1270:
748:
741:
346:
1300:
345:
Kunwinjku is spoken in the largest population centre, the township of
5496:
5389:
1291:
Bininj Gun-wok: a pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune
1042:
Australian
Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
806:
777:
182:
166:
42:
5506:
5425:
996:: nominal modifiers can appear without the N head (typical of many
972:. Nominals have extensive derivational morphology and compounding.
339:
5347:
3362:
1339:
1040:
Bininj Gun-wok at the
Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
1363:
284:
62:
1278:
4308:
1325:
1294:. Pacific Linguistics 541. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
1237:
1213:
5591:
Indigenous Australian languages in the Northern Territory
992:
Bininj Kunwok shows syntactic patterns characteristic of
1336:
Bibliography of Gundjeihmi people and language resources
1264:(MA thesis). Australian National University: Canberra.
1330:
1225:
924:This is an abnormal vowel inventory for one of the
1345:Bibliography of Kune people and language resources
5572:
1125:
984:, with fusion zones at the edges of the word.
3348:
1390:
1262:Kunwinjku: a language of Western Arnhem Land
928:, as most of them simply have a three-vowel
319:Evans (2003), who introduced the cover term
3355:
3341:
1404:
1397:
1383:
1283:(2nd ed.). Kunwinjku Language Centre.
2616:
2129:
1370:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre.
1299:
1279:Etherington, S.; Etherington, N. (1996).
1269:
2772:
2431:
1796:
1352:"Reviving local languages in the region"
1314:. Sydney: Oceania Linguistic Monographs.
3070:
1259:
1137:
5573:
2975:
1145:"N186: BININJ GUN-WOK / BININJ KUNWOK"
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1031:
378:
314:
287:people, who live primarily in western
3336:
3069:
2974:
2771:
2615:
2430:
2128:
1795:
1416:
1378:
1309:
1287:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1131:
385:
1417:
1046:
13:
1253:
718:
14:
5602:
1319:
1061:"Orthography— how to write words"
813:
794:
782:
765:
753:
701:
691:
672:
662:
610:
600:
590:
580:
570:
551:
541:
531:
521:
511:
497:
487:
477:
467:
457:
447:
1087:"SBS Australian Census Explorer"
1018:"SBS Australian Census Explorer"
5459:South Australian Pidgin English
1326:Bininj Kunwok online dictionary
1112:Australian Bureau of Statistics
994:'non-configurational' languages
926:Australian Aboriginal languages
283:who speak the dialects are the
1188:
1163:
1108:"Language used at home (LANP)"
1100:
1079:
1010:
230:Australian Aboriginal language
16:Australian Aboriginal language
1:
5454:Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
1003:
975:
232:which includes six dialects:
4829:Malak-Malak (Nguluk Wanggar)
1356:West Arnhem Regional Council
1149:AIATSIS Collection: AUSTLANG
1067:. Kunwinjku Language Project
948:as well as the usual three.
366:
7:
5449:Port Jackson Pidgin English
4811:Pungu Pungu (Kandjerramalh)
1364:"Kured [home page]"
10:
5607:
4588:Kungarakany (Koongurrukuñ)
951:
5516:
5472:
5439:
5399:
5337:
5328:
5315:
5276:
5241:
5217:
5192:
5181:
5160:
5120:
5084:
5075:
5044:
5021:
4993:
4966:
4943:
4925:
4898:
4875:
4842:
4819:
4796:
4787:
4757:
4736:
4723:
4713:
4689:
4669:
4649:Eastern (Goulburn Island)
4648:
4615:
4606:
4580:
4552:
4510:
4482:
4455:
4448:
4409:
4376:
4366:
4335:
4295:
4278:
4223:
4177:
4144:
4064:
4057:
4031:
4012:Wilson River (Wangkumara)
3955:
3895:
3888:
3847:
3816:Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic
3815:
3773:
3660:
3555:
3533:
3526:
3491:
3431:
3393:
3386:
3375:
3294:
3261:
3226:
3160:
3124:
3091:
3082:
3078:
3065:
3036:
2988:
2984:
2970:
2919:
2843:
2815:
2787:
2783:
2767:
2731:
2708:
2672:
2654:
2631:
2627:
2611:
2575:
2507:
2484:
2446:
2442:
2426:
2385:
2362:
2304:
2266:
2234:
2181:
2167:
2144:
2140:
2124:
2085:
2057:
2004:
1976:
1953:
1920:
1877:
1844:
1811:
1807:
1791:
1742:
1711:
1670:
1649:
1601:
1575:
1554:
1506:
1490:
1429:
1425:
1412:
987:
964:of both nouns and verbs.
912:
904:
854:
846:
838:
835:
710:
690:
685:
657:
652:
628:
623:
564:
436:
402:
397:
387:
211:
196:
180:
164:
159:
120:
83:
73:
58:
48:
38:
33:
28:
23:
4885:Matngele (Werret/Dakayu)
4359:(Kurnindirri, southwest)
1288:Evans, Nicholas (2003).
79:2,257 (2021 census)
4728:Gulumoerrgin (Larrakia)
3462:Central New South Wales
264:, and two varieties of
5208:Southwestern Tasmanian
5202:Northwestern Tasmanian
4492:(Kunwinjku, Gunwinggu)
4322:(Ganggalida, Nyangga)
2936:old Wangkumara/Garlali
2905:new Wangkumara/Garlali
1406:Pama–Nyungan languages
1310:Oates, Lyn F. (1964).
1260:Carroll, P.J. (1976).
5581:Gunwinyguan languages
4806:Batjamalh (Wadjiginy)
4798:Wagaydyic (Anson Bay)
4789:Daly River Sprachbund
4019:Bulloo River (Galali)
3538:Western Torres Strait
3364:Australian Aboriginal
2226:Woiwurrung–Taungurung
1175:parksaustralia.gov.au
980:Morphology is mainly
307:region to the south.
303:to the east, and the
5409:Torres Strait Creole
5321:Aboriginal Englishes
5085:Western (Nyulnyulic)
3981:Arabana–Wangkangurru
3453:Anewan (Nganyaywana)
3286:Gangalidda (Yukulta)
998:Australian languages
537:⟨djdj⟩
373:Australian languages
293:Kakadu National Park
207: Bininj Gun-wok
5346:Roper River Kriol (
5297:Southeast Tasmanian
5186:family-level groups
3432:New South Wales P–N
3072:Macro-Pama–Nyungan?
830:
725:
557:⟨rdd⟩
379:Consonant inventory
315:Dialects and naming
5263:Lhotsky/Blackhouse
5227:Northern Tasmanian
4449:Gunwinyguan proper
4283:Proto-Pama–Nyungan
4146:Ngarna/Warluwarric
3896:Arandic–Thura–Yura
3720:Guwa–Yanda ?
2537:Ngarluma-Kariyarra
1358:. 17 January 2019.
917:⟨aw⟩
909:⟨ay⟩
896:⟨ow⟩
888:⟨ew⟩
880:⟨oy⟩
872:⟨ey⟩
859:⟨iw⟩
851:⟨uy⟩
828:
723:
668:⟨rr⟩
645:⟨rl⟩
616:⟨rn⟩
596:⟨ny⟩
586:⟨ng⟩
547:⟨dd⟩
527:⟨kk⟩
517:⟨bb⟩
493:⟨rd⟩
473:⟨dj⟩
299:to the north, the
254:Manyallaluk Mayali
53:Northern Territory
5568:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5435:
5434:
5384:Mornington Island
5360:Kimberley Kriol (
5311:
5310:
5257:Tyerrernotepanner
5156:
5155:
4989:
4988:
4921:
4920:
4783:
4782:
4685:
4684:
4616:Central (Warrkbi)
4602:
4601:
4548:
4547:
4368:Macro-Gunwinyguan
4291:
4290:
4274:
4273:
4239:Kanyara–Mantharta
4053:
4052:
3964:Northern (Palku)
3884:
3883:
3698:Bidyara–Gungabula
3522:
3521:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3257:
3256:
3125:Mangarrayi-Marran
3084:Macro-Gunwinyguan
3061:
3060:
3057:
3056:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2486:Kanyara–Mantharta
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2262:
2261:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1770:Mbariman-Gudhinma
956:Bininj Kunwok is
922:
921:
826:
825:
819:⟨a⟩
800:⟨o⟩
788:⟨e⟩
771:⟨u⟩
759:⟨i⟩
716:
715:
707:⟨y⟩
697:⟨w⟩
678:⟨r⟩
637:⟨l⟩
606:⟨n⟩
576:⟨m⟩
483:⟨d⟩
463:⟨k⟩
453:⟨b⟩
295:to the west, the
281:Aboriginal people
223:
222:
5598:
5415:Cape York Creole
5373:Westside Kriol (
5339:Australian Kriol
5335:
5334:
5326:
5325:
5190:
5189:
5121:Eastern (Dyukun)
5082:
5081:
4941:
4940:
4794:
4793:
4737:Limilngan–Wulna?
4721:
4720:
4613:
4612:
4453:
4452:
4374:
4373:
4062:
4061:
3893:
3892:
3824:Guugu Yimidihirr
3531:
3530:
3391:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3089:
3088:
3080:
3079:
3067:
3066:
2986:
2985:
2972:
2971:
2785:
2784:
2769:
2768:
2629:
2628:
2613:
2612:
2444:
2443:
2428:
2427:
2253:Kuurn Kopan Noot
2249:Dhauwurd Wurrung
2179:
2178:
2142:
2141:
2126:
2125:
2077:Pallanganmiddang
1809:
1808:
1793:
1792:
1688:Aghu Tharrnggala
1427:
1426:
1414:
1413:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1359:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1057:
1044:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1014:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
918:
915:
910:
907:
897:
894:
889:
886:
881:
878:
873:
870:
860:
857:
852:
849:
831:
827:
820:
817:
801:
798:
789:
786:
772:
769:
760:
757:
726:
722:
708:
705:
698:
695:
679:
676:
669:
666:
646:
643:
638:
635:
617:
614:
607:
604:
597:
594:
587:
584:
577:
574:
558:
555:
548:
545:
538:
535:
528:
525:
518:
515:
501:
494:
491:
484:
481:
474:
471:
464:
461:
454:
451:
383:
382:
206:
192:
176:
169:
89:
21:
20:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5560:
5512:
5474:Mixed languages
5468:
5464:Pidgin Ngarluma
5431:
5401:
5395:
5353:Bamyili Kriol (
5319:
5317:
5316:New Indigenous
5307:
5292:Little Swanport
5272:
5259:(North Midland)
5237:
5213:
5210:(Toogee) ?
5185:
5177:
5152:
5116:
5107:Djabirr-Djabirr
5071:
5040:
5017:
4985:
4962:
4939:
4917:
4913:Ngan’gityemerri
4894:
4871:
4838:
4815:
4779:
4753:
4732:
4709:
4681:
4665:
4644:
4598:
4576:
4544:
4541:(Enindhilyagwa)
4506:
4478:
4444:
4405:
4362:
4347:(Garrwa, north)
4331:
4287:
4270:
4219:
4173:
4140:
4049:
4027:
3951:
3880:
3843:
3811:
3769:
3656:
3651:Flinders Island
3622:Southwest Paman
3551:
3518:
3487:
3427:
3379:
3371:
3361:
3331:
3318:
3290:
3253:
3222:
3156:
3120:
3074:
3053:
3032:
2980:
2958:
2915:
2892:Wangka-Yutjurru
2839:
2811:
2779:
2755:
2727:
2704:
2668:
2650:
2623:
2599:
2571:
2503:
2480:
2438:
2414:
2381:
2358:
2300:
2258:
2230:
2196:Dja Dja Wurrung
2177:
2163:
2136:
2112:
2081:
2053:
2000:
1972:
1949:
1916:
1873:
1840:
1803:
1779:
1755:Flinders Island
1738:
1707:
1666:
1645:
1597:
1593:Guugu Yimidhirr
1571:
1550:
1502:
1486:
1452:Arritinngithigh
1437:Adithinngithigh
1421:
1419:Paman languages
1408:
1403:
1362:
1350:
1322:
1256:
1254:Further reading
1251:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1200:Parks Australia
1194:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1047:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1006:
990:
978:
954:
916:
908:
895:
887:
879:
871:
858:
850:
818:
799:
787:
770:
758:
721:
719:Vowel inventory
706:
696:
677:
667:
644:
636:
615:
605:
595:
585:
575:
556:
546:
536:
526:
516:
492:
482:
472:
462:
452:
381:
369:
317:
262:Kundedjnjenghmi
202:
188:
172:
165:
152:Kundedjnjenghmi
116:
90:
87:Language family
85:
76:
75:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
5604:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5557:Murdi Language
5555:
5549:
5543:
5537:
5531:
5526:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5504:
5494:
5489:
5487:Gurindji Kriol
5484:
5482:Light Warlpiri
5478:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5445:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5423:
5420:Lockhart River
5417:
5412:
5405:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5387:
5381:
5378:
5375:Victoria River
5371:
5365:
5362:Fitzroy Valley
5358:
5351:
5343:
5341:
5332:
5323:
5318:languages and
5313:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5300:
5294:
5289:
5282:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5253:(Northeastern)
5247:
5245:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5223:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5205:
5198:
5196:
5187:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5050:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4999:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4938:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4904:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4867:Marramaninjsji
4864:
4859:
4854:
4848:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4691:Marrku–Wurrugu
4687:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4625:
4619:
4617:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4584:
4582:
4581:Other isolates
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4563:
4561:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4536:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4498:
4493:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4459:
4457:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4380:
4371:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4354:
4353:(Wanji, south)
4348:
4341:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4312:
4301:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4227:
4225:
4224:South-West P–N
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4202:
4197:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4178:Desert Nyungic
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4122:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4106:
4096:Dhuwal–Dhuwala
4092:
4085:
4078:
4070:
4068:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4040:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4015:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3961:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3912:
3899:
3897:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3864:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3804:Lower Burdekin
3794:
3787:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3764:Lower Burdekin
3761:
3760:
3759:
3751:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3718:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3701:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3666:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3636:Southern Paman
3633:
3632:
3631:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3614:Mbarrumbathama
3610:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3565:Northern Paman
3561:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
3534:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3449:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3044:Lower Burdekin
3040:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2835:Lower Arrernte
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2807:Western Desert
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2781:
2780:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2625:
2624:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2440:
2439:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2138:
2137:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2103:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1805:
1804:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1631:Kuuk Thaayorre
1628:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1342:
1333:
1328:
1321:
1320:External links
1318:
1317:
1316:
1307:
1285:
1276:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1187:
1162:
1151:. 26 July 2019
1136:
1124:
1099:
1078:
1045:
1030:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1002:
989:
986:
977:
974:
953:
950:
920:
919:
911:
903:
899:
898:
890:
882:
874:
866:
862:
861:
853:
845:
841:
840:
837:
834:
824:
823:
821:
811:
809:
803:
802:
792:
790:
780:
774:
773:
763:
761:
751:
745:
744:
739:
734:
729:
720:
717:
714:
713:
711:
709:
699:
689:
683:
682:
680:
670:
660:
658:
656:
650:
649:
647:
639:
631:
629:
627:
621:
620:
618:
608:
598:
588:
578:
568:
562:
561:
559:
549:
539:
529:
519:
509:
503:
502:
495:
485:
475:
465:
455:
445:
440:
434:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
407:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
380:
377:
368:
365:
336:
335:
332:
321:Bininj Gun-wok
316:
313:
274:Bininj Kun-Wok
270:Bininj Gun-wok
221:
220:
218:Bininj Gun-wok
215:
209:
208:
200:
194:
193:
186:
178:
177:
170:
162:
161:
160:Language codes
157:
156:
155:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
122:
118:
117:
115:
114:
113:
112:
111:
110:
93:
91:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
60:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
40:
39:Native to
36:
35:
31:
30:
29:Bininj Gun-Wok
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5603:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5529:Nunga English
5527:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5501:Tennant Creek
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5400:Northeastern
5398:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5314:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:(Paredarerme)
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4908:Murrinh-patha
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4900:Southern Daly
4897:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4821:Northern Daly
4818:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4715:Darwin Region
4712:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4490:Bininj Kunwok
4488:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4213:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4103:Djambarrpuyŋu
4100:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3946:
3945:
3944:Adnyamathanha
3941:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3765:
3762:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3705:Margany–Gunya
3702:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3628:Kuuk Thayorre
3625:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:Gumbaynggiric
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:Victorian P–N
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3346:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2969:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Adnyamathanha
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:Yabula-Yabula
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1955:Gumbaynggiric
1952:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Gureng Gureng
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:Gugu Yalandyi
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1369:
1368:Bininj Kunwok
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1245:
1240:
1234:, p. 76.
1233:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1133:
1128:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1088:
1082:
1066:
1065:Bininj Gunwok
1062:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1001:
999:
995:
985:
983:
982:agglutinating
973:
971:
965:
963:
962:incorporation
959:
958:polysynthetic
949:
927:
901:
900:
891:
883:
875:
867:
864:
863:
843:
842:
833:
832:
822:
816:
812:
810:
808:
805:
804:
797:
793:
791:
785:
781:
779:
776:
775:
768:
764:
762:
756:
752:
750:
747:
746:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
727:
724:Monophthongs
712:
704:
700:
694:
688:
684:
681:
675:
671:
665:
661:
659:
655:
651:
648:
640:
632:
630:
626:
622:
619:
613:
609:
603:
599:
593:
589:
583:
579:
573:
569:
567:
563:
560:
554:
550:
544:
540:
534:
530:
524:
520:
514:
510:
508:
505:
504:
500:
496:
490:
486:
480:
476:
470:
466:
460:
456:
450:
446:
444:
441:
439:
435:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
405:
400:
395:
392:
390:
384:
376:
374:
364:
362:
357:
355:
350:
348:
343:
341:
333:
330:
329:
328:
326:
322:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:Bininj Kunwok
219:
216:
214:
210:
205:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
185:
184:
179:
175:
171:
168:
163:
158:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
123:
119:
109:
108:Bininj Kunwok
106:
105:
103:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:
92:
88:
82:
78:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
32:
27:
24:Bininj Kunwok
22:
19:
5380:Barkly Kriol
5303:Bruny Island
5243:Northeastern
5229:(Tommeginne)
5013:Gajirrawoong
4877:Eastern Daly
4844:Western Daly
4539:Anindilyakwa
4250:
4246:Kartu–Nhanda
4204:
4190:Ngumpin–Yapa
4153:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4042:
4035:
4017:
4010:
4000:Yandruwandha
3998:
3991:
3979:
3967:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3914:
3907:
3866:
3859:
3836:
3831:Kuku Yalanji
3829:
3822:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3753:
3745:
3730:
3723:
3712:
3703:
3696:
3684:
3672:
3649:
3640:
3626:
3612:
3605:
3594:Umbindhamuic
3584:Middle Paman
3569:
3542:
3504:Bandjalangic
3478:
3471:
3451:
3443:
3420:
3401:Lower Murray
3387:Southeastern
3377:Pama–Nyungan
3218:Anindilyakwa
2978:Pama–Nyungan
2932:Bulloo River
2911:Yandruwandha
2898:Wilson River
2777:Pama–Nyungan
2689:Yindjilandji
2633:Ngumpin–Yapa
2621:Pama–Nyungan
2562:Yindjibarndi
2527:Martuthunira
2436:Pama–Nyungan
2268:Lower Murray
2134:Pama–Nyungan
1801:Pama–Nyungan
1583:Barrow Point
1367:
1355:
1347:, at AIATSIS
1311:
1290:
1280:
1261:
1246:, chapter 6.
1239:
1227:
1222:, chapter 2.
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1199:
1190:
1178:. Retrieved
1174:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1127:
1117:10 September
1115:. Retrieved
1111:
1102:
1092:10 September
1090:. Retrieved
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1064:
1033:
1023:10 September
1021:. Retrieved
1012:
991:
979:
969:
966:
955:
923:
421:Postalveolar
370:
360:
358:
351:
344:
338:As of 2020,
337:
320:
318:
309:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
225:
224:
181:
107:
18:
5586:Arnhem Land
5524:Neo-Nyungar
5497:Wumpurrarni
5492:Modern Tiwi
5411:(Yumplatok)
5233:Port Sorell
5204:(Peerapper)
4862:Marrithiyel
4857:Merranunggu
4852:Marri Ngarr
4628:Garig–Ilgar
4307:(register:
4133:Ganhalpuyŋu
4075:Dhaŋu–Djaŋu
3969:Pitta-Pitta
3855:Kalkatungic
3492:North Coast
3473:Barranbinja
3239:Kungarakany
3161:Gunwinyguan
3147:Warndarrang
2947:Barranbinja
2883:Pitta Pitta
2746:Mayi-Kutuna
2710:Kalkatungic
2595:Nyangumarta
2567:Yinhawangka
2377:Ngadjunmaya
2291:Yitha-Yitha
2221:Wemba Wemba
2206:Madhi-Madhi
2201:Ledji-Ledji
2072:Gunaikurnai
1963:Kumbainggar
1724:Mbara-Yanga
1693:Ikarranggal
1541:Wik-Ngathan
1536:Wik-Mungkan
1521:Kugu-Muminh
1306:, 2 volumes
1271:1885/132709
1205:19 February
1155:19 February
829:Diphthongs
687:Approximant
301:Blyth River
297:Arafura Sea
289:Arnhem Land
100:Gunwinyguan
5575:Categories
5368:Daly River
5299:(Nuenonne)
5286:Oyster Bay
5251:Pyemmairre
5112:Nimanburru
5077:Nyulnyulan
5056:(Northern)
5036:Gooniyandi
4775:Bugurnidja
4758:Umbugarlic
4661:Manangkari
4533:Nunggubuyu
4518:Rembarrnga
4503:(Ngalkbun)
4496:Kunbarlang
4439:Mangarrayi
4422:Warndarang
4378:Maningrida
3924:Thura–Yura
3861:Kalkatungu
3514:Waka–Kabic
3467:Wiradhuric
3439:Yuin–Kuric
3422:Bungandidj
3213:Nunggubuyu
3203:Rembarrnga
3193:Kunbarlang
3137:Mangarrayi
3093:Maningrida
2902:Bundhamara
2888:Wanggamala
2872:Yarluyandi
2741:Mayi-Kulan
2718:Kalkatungu
2695:Warluwarra
2674:Warluwaric
2552:Nyiyaparli
2306:Thura-Yura
2244:Bungandidj
2216:Wathaurong
2098:Bandjalang
2019:Darkinjung
2006:Yuin–Kuric
1986:Gamilaraay
1978:Wiradhuric
1879:Waka–Kabic
1775:Umbindhamu
1641:Yir-Yoront
1625:Ogh-Undjan
1567:Morrobolam
1447:Anguthimri
1442:Andjingith
1301:1885/53188
1244:Evans 2003
1232:Evans 2003
1220:Evans 2003
1196:"Language"
1180:21 January
1171:"Language"
1132:Evans 2003
1004:References
976:Morphology
389:Peripheral
361:Kundjeyhmi
347:Gunbalanya
250:Gundjeihmi
248:(formerly
246:Kundjeyhmi
236:(formerly
147:Kundjeyhmi
104:Gunwinggic
5552:Cherbourg
5499:English (
5390:Kowanyama
5183:Tasmanian
5068:(Western)
5062:(Eastern)
5060:Ngarinyin
5046:Worrorran
5008:Miriwoong
4958:Jaminjung
4765:Umbugarla
4744:Limilngan
4554:Yangmanic
4523:Ngalakgan
4396:Ndjébbana
4391:Gurr-goni
4357:Gunindiri
4326:Mingginda
4315:Kayardild
4252:Yinggarda
4206:Warumungu
4110:Gupapuyŋu
4082:Ritharrŋu
4044:Paakantyi
3868:Yalarnnga
3791:Warrgamay
3775:Dyirbalic
3747:Dharumbal
3693:Southern
3669:Northern
3607:Umbuygamu
3601:Lamalamic
3499:Durubalic
3445:Dhanggati
3411:Gippsland
3406:Yotayotic
3380:subgroups
3370:languages
3368:Tasmanian
3309:Gunindiri
3271:Kayardild
3198:Ngalakgan
3183:Kunwinjku
3111:Gurr-goni
3106:Ndjébbana
3023:Ritharrŋu
2927:Baagandji
2723:Yalarnnga
2664:Warumungu
2656:Warumungu
2585:Karajarri
2499:Mantharta
2476:Yinggarda
2405:Natingero
2400:Kalaamaya
2319:Barngarla
2281:Ngayawung
2211:Wadi-Wadi
2175:Kolakngat
2146:Yotayotic
2067:Dhudhuroa
2059:Gippsland
2039:Ngunnawal
2029:Dhanggati
1996:Wiradjuri
1991:Ngiyambaa
1922:Durubalic
1897:Gabi-Gabi
1887:Barunggam
1831:Warrgamay
1813:Dyirbalic
1734:Walangama
1616:Kok Thawa
1611:Koko-Bera
1603:Southwest
1555:Lamalamic
1546:Wik-Ompom
1531:Wik-Me'nh
1491:Northeast
1472:Ndrangith
1071:1 October
431:Retroflex
367:Phonology
305:Katherine
238:Gunwinggu
234:Kunwinjku
183:Glottolog
167:ISO 639-3
127:Kunwinjku
67:Kunwinjku
59:Ethnicity
43:Australia
34:Gunwinggu
5507:Alyawarr
5426:Napranum
5219:Northern
5168:Giimbiyu
5161:isolates
5148:Ngumbarl
5092:Nyulnyul
5066:Worrorra
5054:Wunambal
4995:Jarrakan
4834:Tyerraty
4770:Ngurmbur
4670:Southern
4608:Iwaidjan
4594:Gaagudju
4567:Wardaman
4474:Uwinymil
4465:(Djauan)
4328:(Minkin)
4234:Ngayarda
4230:Pilbara
4161:Southern
4007:Eastern
3988:Central
3976:Western
3916:Kaytetye
3909:Arrernte
3798:Nyawaygi
3742: ?
3681:Eastern
3674:Warrongo
3642:Mbabaram
3589:Umpilaic
3527:Northern
3480:Muruwari
3244:Wardaman
3234:Gaagudju
3173:Uwinymil
2942:Muruwari
2830:Kaytetye
2825:Arrernte
2618:Northern
2557:Panyjima
2509:Ngayarta
2456:Badimaya
2344:Ngadjuri
2334:Narungga
2191:Bunurong
2159:Yotayota
2131:Southern
2044:Tharawal
2014:Awabakal
1912:Wuliwuli
1907:Wakawaka
1869:Warrongo
1826:Nyawaygi
1765:Kok Narr
1750:Djabugay
1729:Mbabaram
1712:Southern
1636:Kuuk Yak
1576:Yalanjic
1562:Lamalama
1516:Ayabadhu
1457:Awngthim
426:Alveolar
411:Bilabial
340:AUSTLANG
242:Kuninjku
190:gunw1252
132:Kuninjku
121:Dialects
5509:English
5441:Pidgins
5402:creoles
5355:Barunga
5348:Ngukurr
5330:Creoles
5278:Eastern
5194:Western
5143:Nyigina
5023:Bunuban
4981:Wambaya
4976:Ngarnka
4968:Ngurlun
4953:Nungali
4935:Jingulu
4717: ?
4700:Wurrugu
4693: ?
4677:Amurdag
4623:Iwaidja
4590: ?
4572:Wagiman
4558:Wagiman
4535:(Wubuy)
4511:Eastern
4501:Dalabon
4483:Central
4456:Western
4441: ?
4435: ?
4429: ?
4401:Nakkara
4386:Burarra
4370: ?
4337:Garrwan
4320:Yukulta
4297:Tangkic
4261:Mirning
4255: ?
4209: ?
4195:Ngumpin
4185:Marrngu
4155:Yanyuwa
4058:Western
4022: ?
3930:Wirangu
3903:Arandic
3889:Central
3806: ?
3784:Dyirbal
3766: ?
3758: ?
3750: ?
3740:Kingkel
3717: ?
3456: ?
3448: ?
3296:Garrwan
3263:Tangkic
3249:Wagiman
3188:Dalabon
3116:Nakkara
3101:Burarra
2868:Ngamini
2863:Mithaka
2853:Arabana
2817:Arandic
2774:Central
2700:Yanyuwa
2686:Bularnu
2646:Ngumbin
2641:Ngarrga
2590:Mangala
2577:Marrngu
2542:Nhuwala
2522:Kurrama
2517:Jurruru
2494:Kanyara
2471:Wajarri
2461:Malgana
2433:Western
2410:Nyungar
2395:Galaagu
2387:Nyungic
2372:Mirning
2364:Mirniny
2354:Wirangu
2286:Yaralde
2276:Keramin
2169:Kulinic
2034:Ngarigo
1945:Turrbal
1940:Nunukul
1864:Kingkel
1854:Bidjara
1836:Wulguru
1821:Dyirbal
1798:Eastern
1719:Agwamin
1703:Thaypan
1698:Takalak
1683:Angkula
1678:Alungul
1671:Thaypan
1662:Kuthant
1657:Kurtjar
1526:Pakanha
1467:Mbiywom
1462:Luthigh
1340:AIATSIS
952:Grammar
737:Central
625:Lateral
404:Glottal
394:Laminal
198:AIATSIS
5546:Woorie
5534:Yarrie
5517:Others
5428:Creole
5422:Creole
5392:Creole
5386:Creole
5268:Norman
5138:Warrwa
5133:Dyugun
5128:Yawuru
5031:Bunuba
4945:Yirram
4927:Mirndi
4705:Marrgu
4528:Ngandi
4463:Jawoyn
4410:Marran
4351:Waanyi
4345:Garawa
4305:Lardil
4266:Nyunga
4165:Ngarru
4126:Djinba
4119:Djinaŋ
3993:Diyari
3957:Karnic
3937:Kaurna
3838:Yidiny
3755:Bayali
3714:Bindal
3571:Uradhi
3314:Waanyi
3304:Garrwa
3281:Minkin
3276:Lardil
3208:Ngandi
3168:Jawoyn
3049:Bindal
3018:Djinaŋ
3013:Djinba
3003:Dhuwal
2976:Other
2954:Yardli
2858:Diyari
2845:Karnic
2802:Wanman
2797:Ngardi
2751:Ngawun
2682:Wagaya
2547:Nyamal
2532:Ngarla
2466:Nhanda
2349:Nukunu
2329:Kuyani
2324:Kaurna
2108:Yidiny
2093:Anewan
2024:Dharug
1968:Yaygir
1935:Janday
1892:Dappil
1760:Gugadj
1650:Norman
1621:Kunjen
1498:Umpila
1482:Uradhi
1477:Ngkoth
1331:Kunwok
988:Syntax
654:Rhotic
507:Fortis
399:Apical
354:Jawoyn
285:Bininj
258:Mayali
228:is an
142:Mayali
95:Arnhem
63:Bininj
49:Region
5536:Lingo
5370:Kriol
5097:Bardi
4749:Wulna
4656:Maung
4638:Ilgar
4633:Garig
4469:Waray
4433:Alawa
4427:Yugul
4417:Marra
4309:Damin
4168:Thawa
4089:Nhaŋu
4066:Yolŋu
4037:Yarli
3732:Yanda
3662:Maric
3557:Paman
3416:Kulin
3227:Other
3178:Waray
3152:Yugul
3142:Marra
3132:Alawa
3037:Other
3028:Nhaŋu
3008:Djaŋu
2998:Dhaŋu
2990:Yolŋu
2920:Other
2878:Ngura
2448:Kartu
2236:Drual
2183:Kulin
2086:Other
2049:Wormi
1930:Guwar
1846:Maric
1743:Other
1430:North
1338:, at
844:High
839:Back
836:Front
732:Front
566:Nasal
443:Lenis
416:Velar
69:etc.)
5554:Talk
5548:Talk
5542:Talk
5540:Palm
5173:Tiwi
5102:Jawi
5003:Kija
4890:Kamu
4215:Wati
4200:Yapa
3876:Mayi
3848:Gulf
3725:Guwa
3686:Biri
3366:and
2789:Wati
2733:Mayi
2339:Nauo
2296:Yuyu
1859:Biri
1207:2020
1182:2022
1157:2020
1119:2022
1094:2022
1073:2015
1038:N186
1025:2022
944:and
902:Low
865:Mid
749:High
742:Back
438:Stop
325:Kune
279:The
272:and
266:Kune
204:N186
137:Kune
3577:Wik
1508:Wik
1296:hdl
1266:hdl
970:yih
946:/o/
942:/e/
938:/a/
934:/u/
930:/i/
914:a͡u
906:a͡i
893:ou̯
885:eu̯
877:o͡i
869:ei̯
856:i̯u
848:ui̯
807:Low
778:Mid
260:),
252:),
240:),
213:ELP
174:gup
5577::
1366:.
1354:.
1198:.
1173:.
1147:.
1110:.
1063:.
1048:^
936:,
932:,
553:ʈː
543:tː
533:cː
523:kː
513:pː
363:.
244:,
5503:)
5377:)
5364:)
5357:)
5350:)
4560:?
4556:–
4311:)
3356:e
3349:t
3342:v
1398:e
1391:t
1384:v
1304:.
1298::
1274:.
1268::
1209:.
1184:.
1159:.
1134:.
1121:.
1096:.
1075:.
1027:.
968:-
815:ä
796:o
784:e
767:u
755:i
703:j
693:w
674:ɻ
664:r
642:ɭ
634:l
612:ɳ
602:n
592:ɲ
582:ŋ
572:m
499:ʔ
489:ʈ
479:t
469:c
459:k
449:p
256:(
65:(
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