394:
170:
457:
in the swamps of the
Manggabor Creek, the Maggot Dreaming at Yirolk, where a rock, girdled by water lilies, rises out of a waterhole and the Barramundi Dreaming around Marrkolidjban. The former two are likened to the Rainbow serpent, connoting, by battening on flesh, themes of decay and rebirth The
606:, and frightened the local birdlife, which flew off screaming, thereby alerting the next tribe to his presence. They examined the sleeping hulk of the creature, who did not reply to their queries, but they knew it must be Numereji. One elder finally said:
425:
Legend has it coming from the north, full of spirit-children, and settling at a point called
Coopers Creek on the East Alligator River, she transformed her children into men, creating waterholes to cater to their thirst, supplying men with spears and
1251:
Johnston, Iain G.; Goldhahn, Joakim; May, Sally K. (2017). "6. Dynamic
Figures of Mirarr Country: Chaloupka's four-phase theory and the question of variability within a rock art style". In David, Bruno; Taçon, Paul S.C.; et al. (eds.).
122:, and the impact of their presence is evidenced by the retention in some Bininj Kunwok dialects of a few dozen foreign loan words from the language of these traders. They were depicted by local artists in the
610:(It's Urawulla men whom you have eaten', at which the rainbow serpent vomited the bones of his victims, which can be seen to this day, in the form of stones. At this Numereji went underground at
1577:
602:, who hid up a tree and managed to avoid being swallowed until smacking at mosquitoes, she gave her position away. He moved off sated, crossed the East Alligator River, at
644:
1570:
299:
running just south of Tor Rock. Their northern extension approached Sandy Creek, while they were also present south-east at the head of Cooper's Creek and part of the
307:'s scheme, the Kunwinjku were allotted a tribal territory of around 2,800 square miles (7,300 km) in the area south of Jungle Creek and on the headwaters of the
438:, while endowing both with intelligence and their senses. She swallows those who infringe her laws, and drowns children who cry, since she is disturbed by noise.
2620:
2562:
1563:
358:, which serves as their centre for services. Many live in some 15 outstations, such as Kumurrulu at Manggabor Creek above the Liverpool River floodplain.
755:
35:. The sub-groups of Bininj are sometimes referred to by the various language dialects spoken in the region, that is, the group of dialects known as
2597:
1160:
2590:
130:
who reached the
Kuninjku territory on the Liverpool river. The Liverpool area was surveyed by David Lindsay on behalf of the government in 1884.
598:("there is a child crying, where is the child crying?") He slithered up, and sucked in the child, and then the natives, save for an old woman,
2555:
365:
NOTE: Three languages are spoken among the Mirrar or Mirarr clan group, apart from
English. The majority speak Kundjeyhmi, while others speak
1482:
1363:
Taçon, Paul S. C.; May, Sally K.; et al. (30 September 2020). "Maliwawa figures—a previously undescribed Arnhem L and rock art style".
421:
visited the area and was a guest at Cahill's homestead at
Oenpelli, he picked up one version which spoke of the same figure as being called
126:
still conserved in a variety of sites around the Mann River. The first recorded
European penetration of these territories was undertaken by
445:
surges from the earth to devour some ancestral species, it does so because a taboo has been violated, and the act sanctifies the site.
2569:
212:
A large part of Kakadu
National Park, including areas where Bininj Kunwok is spoken, was returned to Aboriginal ownership in 2022.
329:
between the East and South
Alligator rivers. They formed the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation, to represent the interests of the
2583:
393:
405:
Like the
Aboriginal peoples generally of the Western Arnhem, land, the Bininj believed in the primordial creative function of a
2576:
1498:
1468:
1441:
1414:
1338:
1313:
1241:
1216:
1168:
1253:
1267:
763:
413:
which has lineaments more suggestive of the feminine than masculine. It came to Australia from the sea northeast of the
153:
is human being, Aboriginal vs non-Aboriginal person, and also "man" in opposition to "woman". "Bininj" is a word in the
498:
186:
1229:
Culture, Interaction and Person Reference in an Australian Language: An ethnography of Bininj Gunwok communication
118:
for centuries before the arrival of white civilization. They sailed down to exchange a variety of their goods for
340:
The Mayali lived further south across the South Alligator River, with the Katherine River on their eastern flank.
333:
of the land, the Mirrar, as well as other Bininj peoples of Kakadu. One of the biggest issues in recent times is
300:
198:
115:
1460:
1433:
355:
316:
232:
228:
206:
123:
552:
by the Gaagudju and Iwaidja peoples, while among the Gundjeibmi the ancestral woman turned rainbow serpent is
1487:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
190:
80:
clan group, who are prominent in matters relating to looking after the traditional lands. The majority speak
1952:
244:
2197:
326:
1233:
1208:
1150:
649:
256:
127:
111:
1326:
My Country, Mine Country: Indigenous People, Mining and Development Contestation in Remote Australia
337:, and the transition of the area once the last mining lease ends and all operations cease in 2021.
1504:
470:
from its underground sanctuary into the sky, marked by the rainbow. Increase ceremonies like the
427:
462:) of the Kuninjku are themselves derived from the water spirits at such sites. The rejuvenating
398:
1586:
1555:
1348:
418:
96:
1452:
1324:
1200:
247:
districts. The classification, encompassing the mutually intelligible languages, respectively
137:, referring to a particular series of works in Mirrar country, was described by art historian
1425:
1398:
1297:
1227:
1154:
938:
24:
816:
2022:
1406:
1356:
1293:
264:
224:
178:
100:
8:
1651:
756:"Nearly half of Kakadu National Park to be handed back to Aboriginal traditional owners"
343:
The Kundedjnjenghmi moved around the Upper Liverpool and Mann rivers to the east of the
2092:
1590:
1138:
1134:
330:
81:
32:
2274:
2204:
1966:
1494:
1464:
1437:
1410:
1380:
1334:
1309:
1305:
1263:
1237:
1212:
1164:
1121:
414:
366:
85:
2141:
2106:
2008:
1980:
1889:
1390:
1372:
1130:
1116:
1092:
716:
700:
503:
382:
308:
292:
288:
202:
138:
41:
1376:
193:
region to the south. The traditional lands of the Bininj were located west of the
2422:
2408:
1994:
1945:
1896:
1868:
1665:
645:"Aboriginal archaeological discovery in Kakadu rewrites the history of Australia"
488:
406:
312:
240:
194:
134:
107:
2492:
2394:
2303:
2148:
1931:
1903:
1798:
1742:
1721:
1478:
1201:"Personal names, proper names and circumspection in Bininj Kunwok conversation"
334:
304:
236:
1399:"Identifying Ancient Sacred Landscapes in Australia: Frtom Physical to Social"
2614:
2380:
2183:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2134:
2120:
1861:
1805:
1520:
1384:
1112:
1088:
435:
378:
220:
36:
2520:
2506:
2443:
2246:
2113:
2078:
2071:
2050:
1938:
1840:
1749:
1644:
1616:
1609:
296:
2485:
377:
The Kunwinjku social system was analysed in detail in a 1970 monograph by
2527:
2429:
2387:
2338:
2260:
2085:
1882:
1735:
1108:
291:'s original heartland is said to have been in the hilly terrain south of
182:
28:
1142:
2457:
2331:
2324:
2310:
2176:
2057:
2043:
1917:
1826:
1791:
1707:
1658:
1637:
688:
119:
16:
An Aboriginal Australian people of West Arnhem Land, northern Australia
963:
2450:
2436:
2415:
2401:
2366:
2225:
2190:
2015:
2001:
1987:
1973:
1854:
1847:
1819:
1770:
1693:
1686:
1623:
1490:
1330:
1277:
1259:
1156:
Bininj Gun-wok: a pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune
1100:
826:
431:
141:
and is often referred to when writing about rock art in Arnhem Land.
847:
361:
The Kune lived east of the Kuninjku, living around the Cadell River.
325:
The Kundjeyhmi, specifically the Mirrar or Mirarr clan, live around
249:
Kunwinjku, Kuninjku, Kundjeyhmi, Manyallaluk Mayali, Kundedjnjenghmi
2499:
2464:
2317:
2288:
2253:
2127:
2064:
1833:
1700:
516:
471:
1777:
354:
The Kuninjku lived north of the Kundedjnjenghmi and south-west of
223:
refers to six closely related languages and dialects, spoken from
2534:
2478:
2471:
2373:
2296:
2267:
2232:
2218:
2099:
2036:
2029:
1875:
1784:
1763:
1728:
1679:
1602:
1453:"Categories of 'Old' and 'New' in West Arnhem Land Bark Painting"
726:
710:
463:
1585:
871:
169:
2513:
2359:
2352:
2239:
2211:
1959:
1924:
1812:
1756:
1672:
1630:
1544:
590:
Numereji emerged at Kumbulmorma, and devoured a large tribe at
278:, which is specific to each particular clan, must be employed.
1097:
Man, Land and Myth in Northern Australia: The Gunwinggu people
676:
2345:
2281:
1910:
1255:
The Archaeology of Rock Art in Western Arnhem Land, Australia
581:, p. 78 n.31 identifies Numereji as identical to Ngalyod
474:
and yabbadurruwa rites are performed in order to incite the
895:
1179:
1017:
1426:"Connections of Spirit: Kuninjku Attachments to Country"
1362:
981:
919:
694:
536:
According to Taçon, the Rainbow Snake/Woman is known as
281:
1401:. In Preucel, Robert W.; Mrozowski, Stephen A. (eds.).
1029:
1005:
883:
837:
835:
804:
1403:
Contemporary Archaeology in Theory: The New Pragmatism
859:
1457:
Long History, Deep Time: Deepening Histories of Place
1065:
782:
780:
737:
735:
1353:
Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia
1053:
1041:
907:
832:
157:
language, often referred to by its dominant dialect
1250:
1119:(June 1951). "Social Organization of Arnhem Land".
993:
682:
777:
732:
664:
1107:
877:
853:
792:
173:The lands of the Bininj in the Northern Territory
2612:
1161:ANU Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies
569:Ngalyod is often said to be the son of Yingarna.
1519:
1300:. In Buchler, Ira R.; Maddock, Kenneth (eds.).
901:
274:spirits (see below) a special language called
1571:
1280:. The Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation. 2020
1205:Discourse and Grammar in Australian Languages
2621:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory
1087:
987:
1455:. In McGrath, Ann; Jebb, Mary Anne (eds.).
1276:
889:
747:
594:, after hearing a baby crying. Calling out
478:to stir the onset of the fertilizing rains.
449:For the Kuninjku important dreaming sites (
1578:
1564:
397:Rainbow serpent by John Mawurndjul, 1991.
1551:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre.
1298:"The Rainbow- Serpent Myths of Australia"
1292:
1203:. In Mushin, Ilana; Baker, Brett (eds.).
1023:
1011:
578:
315:near Junction Bay and the creeks east of
1322:
1186:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre
810:
392:
263:, a loan-word from Macassan traders, in
168:
1523:. The Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation
1477:
1347:
865:
615:
2613:
1450:
1423:
1302:The Rainbow Serpent: A Chromatic Piece
1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
925:
913:
841:
753:
642:
519:, a hollow log coffin or memorial pole
243:and its tributary the Mann River, and
1559:
1396:
1225:
1198:
1149:
999:
968:The Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation
798:
786:
741:
670:
557:
282:Social groupings according to dialect
201:and Cooper Rivers, south towards the
72:Three languages are spoken among the
1491:Australian National University Press
1331:Australian National University Press
764:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
13:
1537:
1135:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1951.tb00176.x
596:Waji bialilla, yana. waji bialilla
14:
2632:
1430:Country, Native Title and Ecology
1180:"Bininj Kunwok Online Dictionary"
683:Johnston, Goldhahn & May 2017
482:
39:; so the people may be named the
1177:
822:
722:
706:
372:
964:"Mirarr Aboriginal Corporation"
956:
931:
878:Elkin, Berndt & Berndt 1951
854:Elkin, Berndt & Berndt 1951
584:
572:
563:
530:
322:also formed part of their land.
1461:Australian National University
1434:Australian National University
754:Gibson, Jano (24 March 2022).
636:
259:. Their word for Europeans is
124:Indigenous Australian rock art
1:
1428:. In Weir, Jessica K. (ed.).
1377:10.1080/03122417.2020.1818361
939:"Mirarr - Indigenous Peoples"
643:Wright, Tony (19 July 2017).
625:
441:In Dreaming narratives, when
369:and others another language.
177:Their territory extends from
116:in contact for trade purposes
103:area for about 65,000 years.
88:and others another language.
630:
523:
499:Bardayal 'Lofty' Nadjamerrek
495:artist of international fame
466:are caused by the flight of
453:) are the Leech Dreaming at
409:, which is generally called
388:
295:and their frontier with the
7:
1545:"Kured [home page]"
1323:Scambary, Benedict (2013).
510:
215:
10:
2637:
1080:
164:
91:
2544:
1597:
1397:Taçon, Paul S.C. (2011).
1234:John Benjamins Publishing
1209:John Benjamins Publishing
650:The Sydney Morning Herald
988:Berndt & Berndt 1970
1479:Tindale, Norman Barnett
1258:. Terra Australis, 47.
1093:Berndt, Catherine Helen
267:it meant "Hollanders".
251:, and two varieties of
239:, and eastwards to the
149:The literal meaning of
144:
1365:Australian Archaeology
1226:Garde, Murray (2013).
1199:Garde, Murray (2008).
402:
174:
133:Rock art known as the
2550:By state or territory
1451:Taylor, Luke (2015).
1424:Taylor, Luke (2012).
1407:John Wiley & Sons
1089:Berndt, Ronald Murray
396:
207:Gunbalanya (Oenpelli)
189:to the east, and the
172:
84:, while others speak
25:Aboriginal Australian
2023:Mantjintjarra Ngalia
1463:. pp. 101–118.
1211:. pp. 203–233.
943:Intercontinental Cry
618:, pp. 290–291).
608:Urawulla jereini jau
399:Musée du quai Branly
309:East Alligator River
225:Kakadu National Park
203:East Alligator River
179:Kakadu National Park
1507:on 29 December 2019
902:GAC: Uranium mining
856:, pp. 253–254.
464:monsoonal downpours
205:, and extending to
197:, north around the
29:Western Arnhem land
2563:Northern Territory
1591:Northern Territory
1436:. pp. 21–47.
1409:. pp. 77–91.
1308:. pp. 23–97.
1294:Mountford, Charles
928:, pp. 23, 25.
550:Warraamurrungundji
506:, Kunwinjku artist
403:
331:traditional owners
185:to the north, the
175:
99:have occupied the
97:Aboriginal peoples
59:Manyallaluk Mayali
33:Northern Territory
2608:
2607:
2598:Western Australia
1500:978-0-708-10741-6
1470:978-1-925-02253-7
1443:978-1-921-86256-4
1416:978-1-444-35851-3
1357:Macmillan and Co.
1340:978-1-922-14473-7
1315:978-3-110-80716-5
1306:Walter de Gruyter
1243:978-9-027-27124-2
1218:978-9-027-29034-2
1170:978-0-858-83530-6
1038:, pp. 26–27.
1026:, pp. 78–79.
695:Taçon et al. 2020
544:, a woman called
430:, and women with
415:Cobourg Peninsula
181:to the west, the
2628:
2600:
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2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2332:Ritharngu/Diakui
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
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2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
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2144:
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2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2009:Makarrwanhalmirr
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
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1612:
1605:
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1557:
1556:
1552:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1521:"Uranium Mining"
1516:
1514:
1512:
1503:. Archived from
1483:"Gunwinggu (NT)"
1474:
1447:
1420:
1391:Maliwawa Figures
1388:
1359:
1349:Spencer, Baldwin
1344:
1319:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1273:
1247:
1222:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1174:
1146:
1104:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
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1027:
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1015:
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997:
991:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
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954:
953:
951:
949:
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
890:GAC: Mirarr 2020
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
830:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
775:
774:
772:
770:
751:
745:
739:
730:
720:
714:
704:
698:
697:, pp. 1–18.
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
661:
659:
657:
640:
619:
588:
582:
576:
570:
567:
561:
534:
504:Bobby Nganjmirra
383:Catherine Berndt
227:, southwards to
139:George Chaloupka
2636:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2577:South Australia
2575:
2568:
2561:
2556:New South Wales
2554:
2549:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2486:Yan-nhaŋu/Nango
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
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2014:
2007:
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1972:
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1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1589:peoples in the
1584:
1543:
1540:
1538:Further reading
1535:
1526:
1524:
1510:
1508:
1501:
1471:
1444:
1417:
1341:
1316:
1283:
1281:
1270:
1269:978-176046162-1
1244:
1219:
1189:
1187:
1178:Garde, Murray.
1171:
1151:Evans, Nicholas
1083:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1034:
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785:
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766:
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748:
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733:
721:
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677:
669:
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641:
637:
633:
628:
623:
622:
589:
585:
577:
573:
568:
564:
535:
531:
526:
513:
489:John Mawurndjul
485:
419:Baldwin Spencer
407:Rainbow serpent
391:
375:
293:Goulburn Island
284:
241:Liverpool River
218:
195:Goomadeer River
167:
147:
135:Dynamic Figures
94:
63:Kundedjnjenghmi
17:
12:
11:
5:
2634:
2624:
2623:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:
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2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
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2475:
2468:
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2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
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2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2304:Pitjantjatjara
2300:
2293:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2149:Murngin=Yolgnu
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1598:
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1583:
1582:
1575:
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1553:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1517:
1499:
1475:
1469:
1448:
1442:
1421:
1415:
1394:
1371:(3): 208–225.
1360:
1345:
1339:
1320:
1314:
1290:
1274:
1268:
1248:
1242:
1223:
1217:
1196:
1175:
1169:
1147:
1129:(4): 253–301.
1105:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1074:, p. 108.
1064:
1052:
1040:
1028:
1024:Mountford 1978
1016:
1012:Mountford 1978
1004:
992:
980:
955:
930:
918:
906:
894:
882:
880:, p. 254.
870:
868:, p. 226.
858:
846:
831:
815:
813:, p. 110.
803:
791:
776:
746:
731:
715:
699:
687:
675:
663:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
621:
620:
583:
579:Mountford 1978
571:
562:
560:, p. 84).
528:
527:
525:
522:
521:
520:
512:
509:
508:
507:
501:
496:
484:
483:Notable people
481:
480:
479:
455:Yibalaydjyigod
436:digging sticks
390:
387:
374:
371:
363:
362:
359:
352:
341:
338:
335:uranium mining
323:
313:Gumader swamps
305:Norman Tindale
283:
280:
270:In addressing
265:whose language
257:Nicholas Evans
255:, was made by
237:Arnhem Plateau
217:
214:
166:
163:
146:
143:
128:Francis Cadell
93:
90:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2633:
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2227:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2184:Ngaanyatjarra
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2170:Nanggikorongo
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2156:Murrinh-Patha
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2135:Mulluk-Mulluk
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2121:Menhdheyangal
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:Garrwa/Karawa
1859:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
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1726:
1723:
1719:
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1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1550:
1549:Bininj Kunwok
1546:
1542:
1541:
1522:
1518:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1117:Berndt, C. H.
1114:
1113:Berndt, R. M.
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1068:
1062:, p. 29.
1061:
1056:
1050:, p. 27.
1049:
1044:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1020:
1014:, p. 78.
1013:
1008:
1002:, p. 84.
1001:
996:
989:
984:
969:
965:
959:
944:
940:
934:
927:
922:
916:, p. 22.
915:
910:
903:
898:
891:
886:
879:
874:
867:
862:
855:
850:
844:, p. 28.
843:
838:
836:
828:
824:
819:
812:
811:Scambary 2013
807:
800:
795:
789:, p. 14.
788:
783:
781:
765:
761:
757:
750:
744:, p. 15.
743:
738:
736:
728:
724:
719:
712:
708:
703:
696:
691:
684:
679:
673:, p. 18.
672:
667:
652:
651:
646:
639:
635:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
587:
580:
575:
566:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
533:
529:
518:
515:
514:
505:
502:
500:
497:
494:
490:
487:
486:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
452:
448:
447:
446:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
400:
395:
386:
384:
380:
379:Ronald Berndt
373:Social system
370:
368:
360:
357:
353:
350:
346:
342:
339:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:
320:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:
279:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
235:, across the
234:
230:
226:
222:
221:Bininj Kunwok
213:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
171:
162:
160:
156:
152:
142:
140:
136:
131:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
43:
38:
37:Bininj Kunwok
34:
30:
26:
22:
2507:Yindjilandji
2247:Ngolokwangga
2051:Marimanindji
1939:Karrangpurru
1714:
1652:Anindilyakwa
1645:Andakerebina
1548:
1525:. Retrieved
1509:. Retrieved
1505:the original
1486:
1456:
1429:
1402:
1368:
1364:
1352:
1325:
1301:
1282:. Retrieved
1254:
1228:
1204:
1188:. Retrieved
1183:
1155:
1126:
1120:
1109:Elkin, A. P.
1096:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1019:
1007:
995:
983:
971:. Retrieved
967:
958:
946:. Retrieved
942:
933:
921:
909:
897:
885:
873:
866:Tindale 1974
861:
849:
818:
806:
794:
767:. Retrieved
759:
749:
718:
702:
690:
678:
666:
654:. Retrieved
648:
638:
616:Spencer 1914
612:Mungeruauera
611:
607:
603:
600:Kominiyamana
599:
595:
591:
586:
574:
565:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
532:
492:
475:
467:
459:
454:
450:
442:
440:
422:
410:
404:
376:
364:
348:
344:
318:
275:
271:
269:
260:
252:
248:
245:Cadell river
219:
211:
176:
158:
154:
150:
148:
132:
105:
95:
77:
73:
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
40:
20:
18:
2261:Norweilemil
2093:Marrithiyal
2086:Marranunggu
1883:Gungorogone
1527:18 February
1389:(About the
1284:18 February
1072:Taylor 2015
1060:Taylor 2012
1048:Taylor 2012
1036:Taylor 2012
926:Taylor 2012
914:Taylor 2012
842:Taylor 2012
546:Imberombera
542:Kunwinnnjku
319:Awunbelenja
233:Manyallaluk
187:Blyth River
183:Arafura Sea
2570:Queensland
2458:Wongkamala
2430:Warndarang
2325:Rembarrnga
2311:Pongaponga
2275:Nunggubuyu
2205:Ngaliwurru
2177:Nangiomeri
2058:Marinunggo
2044:Maridjabin
1967:Kungarakan
1918:Jamindjung
1827:Emmiyangal
1792:Djerimanga
1708:Bingongina
1659:Anmatyerre
1587:Aboriginal
1511:23 January
1184:njamed.com
1000:Taçon 2011
973:24 October
948:24 October
827:kundangwok
799:Evans 2003
787:Garde 2013
742:Garde 2013
671:Garde 2013
626:References
558:Taçon 2011
432:dilly bags
356:Maningrida
349:Kundjeyhmi
301:King River
276:kundangwok
229:Pine Creek
82:Kundjeyhmi
55:Gundjeihmi
51:Kundjeyhmi
27:people of
2451:Wilingura
2437:Warumungu
2416:Warlmanpa
2367:Wadjiginy
2226:Ngarinman
2191:Ngalakgan
2142:Muringura
2107:Matuntara
2016:Mangarayi
2002:Madngella
1988:Kwarandji
1981:Kunwinjku
1974:Kunibidji
1890:Gunindiri
1855:Gambalang
1848:Gadjerong
1820:Doolboong
1771:Djalakuru
1694:Bilingara
1687:Beriguruk
1638:Amijangal
1624:Alyawarre
1385:0312-2417
1260:ANU Press
1101:Ure Smith
631:Citations
592:Yiringira
524:Footnotes
389:Mythology
345:Kunwinjku
317:Oenpelli/
289:Kunwinjku
191:Katherine
159:Kunwinjku
114:had been
108:Macassans
42:Kunwinjku
2615:Category
2591:Victoria
2584:Tasmania
2500:Yaroinga
2465:Wulwulam
2423:Warlpiri
2409:Wardaman
2402:Wandjira
2318:Puneitja
2289:Perrakee
2254:Ngormbur
2128:Mudburra
2065:Marijedi
1995:Larrakia
1946:Kaytetye
1897:Gurindji
1869:Giimbiyu
1834:Gaagudju
1701:Binbinga
1666:Arrernte
1481:(1974).
1351:(1914).
1296:(1978).
1278:"Mirarr"
1153:(2003).
1143:40328302
1095:(1970).
769:30 March
760:ABC News
538:Yingarna
517:Lorrkkon
511:See also
493:Kuninjku
472:Kunabibi
460:kunmalng
423:Numereji
367:Gaagudju
216:Language
112:Sulawesi
86:Gaagudju
69:groups.
47:Kuninjku
2535:Yunggor
2493:Yanyuwa
2479:Yangman
2472:Wurango
2395:Wambaya
2374:Wagoman
2297:Pintupi
2268:Nungali
2233:Ngarnka
2219:Ngardok
2100:Mati Ke
2037:Maridan
2030:Mariamo
1953:Kukatja
1932:Jingili
1904:Iwaidja
1876:Gudanji
1799:Djinang
1785:Djerait
1764:Dhuwala
1743:Dalabon
1729:Dagoman
1722:Burarra
1680:Awinmul
1603:Airiman
1122:Oceania
1081:Sources
656:28 July
604:Maipolk
554:Almudji
540:by the
468:Ngalyod
458:souls (
443:Ngalyod
428:woomera
411:Ngalyod
401:, Paris
261:balanda
165:Country
120:trepang
92:History
31:in the
23:are an
2514:Yolngu
2381:Wakaya
2360:Wadere
2353:Waanyi
2240:Ngarti
2212:Ngandi
2198:Ngalia
2163:Nagara
1960:Kunapa
1925:Jawoyn
1813:Djowei
1806:Djinba
1757:Dhuwal
1715:Bininj
1673:Awarai
1631:Amarak
1497:
1467:
1440:
1413:
1383:
1337:
1312:
1266:
1240:
1215:
1190:28 May
1167:
1141:
727:kunwok
711:bininj
327:Jabiru
311:. The
155:Kunwok
151:Bininj
101:Kadadu
78:Mirarr
74:Mirrar
21:Bininj
2521:Yukul
2444:Watta
2346:Tjial
2282:Oitbi
2114:Maung
2079:Marra
2072:Mariu
1911:Jaako
1841:Gaari
1778:Djaŋu
1750:Dangu
1617:Alura
1610:Alawa
1139:JSTOR
476:djang
451:djang
417:When
303:. In
297:Maung
272:djang
110:from
2528:Yumu
2388:Walu
2339:Tiwi
1736:Daii
1529:2020
1513:2020
1495:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1381:ISSN
1335:ISBN
1310:ISBN
1286:2020
1264:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1192:2019
1165:ISBN
975:2021
950:2021
823:BKOD
771:2022
723:BKOD
707:BKOD
658:2022
434:and
381:and
347:and
287:The
253:Kune
231:and
199:King
145:Name
106:The
67:Kune
65:and
19:The
1373:doi
1131:doi
548:or
209:.
76:or
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1163:.
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1137:.
1127:21
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
