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likely involves more information asymmetry, so that private financial markets may imperfectly manage these frictions". Governments may also help to coordinate "since several innovators may be needed to push the knowledge frontier and make the market profitable, but no single company wants to make the early necessary investments". And investments in the relevant sectors seem to be a bottleneck hindering the transition toward a bioeconomy. Governments could also help innovators that lack the network "to naturally obtain the visibility and political influence necessary to obtain public funds" and could help determine relevant laws. By establishing supporting infrastructure for entrepreneurial ecosystems they can help creating a beneficial environment for innovative bioeconomy startups. Enabling such bioeconomy startups to act on the opportunities provided through the bioeconomy transformation further contributes to its success.
2035:
2147:". However, some are concerned that with a focus or reliance on technological progress a fundamentally unsustainable socioeconomic model might be maintained rather than be changed. Some are concerned it that may not lead to a ecologization of the economy but to an economization of the biological, "the living" and caution that potentials of non-bio-based techniques to achieve greater sustainability need to be considered. A study found that the, as of 2019, current EU interpretation of the bioeconomy is "diametrically opposite to the original narrative of Baranoff and Georgescu-Roegen that told us that expanding the share of activities based on renewable resources in the economy would slow down economic growth and set strict limits on the overall expansion of the economy". Furthermore, some caution that "Silicon Valley and food corporations" could use bioeconomy technologies for
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Standards
Institute approved AD17225-4 Wood Chip Heating Fuel Quality Standard. The full title of the standard is: ANSI/ASABE AD17225-4:2014 FEB2018 Solid Biofuels—Fuel Specifications and classes—Part 4: Graded wood chips. One common chip category is the GF60 which is commonly used in smaller plants, including small industries, villas, and apartment buildings. "GF60" is known as "Fine, dry, small chips". The requirements for GF60 are that the moisture is between 10 and 30% and the fractions of the woodchips are distributed as follows: 0–3.5mm: <8%, 3.5–30mm: <7%, 30–60 mm: 80–100%, 60–100 mm: <3%, 100–120 mm: <2%.
2185:'s mechanisms such as incentives and resource distribution mechanisms like markets) remains unaltered (e.g. in nature, purposes, scopes, limits and degrees), threaten their employment and livelihoods as well as the respective nation's economy and social stability. A study concluded that "given the expertise required and the high investment costs of the innovation, it seems unlikely that cultured meat immediately benefits the poor in developing countries" and emphasized that animal agriculture is often essential for the subsistence for farmers in poor countries. However, not only developing countries may be affected.
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1641:, because the harvesting is faster and more highly automated. Woodchips are of greater supply, partly because all parts of a tree can be chipped, whereas small limbs and branches can require substantial labor to convert to cord wood. Cord wood generally needs to be "seasoned" or "dry" before it can be burned cleanly and efficiently. On the other hand, woodchip systems are typically designed to cleanly and efficiently burn "green chips" with very high moisture content of 43–47% (wet basis). (see
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1556:. The main source of forest chips in Europe and in most of the countries have been logging residues. It is expected that the shares of stumps and roundwood will increase in the future. As of 2013 in the EU, the estimates for biomass potential for energy, available under current 2018 conditions including sustainable use of the forest as well as providing wood to the traditional forest sectors, are: 277 million m, for above ground biomass and 585 million m for total biomass.
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hand, some worry that without intellectual property protection as the type of R&D-incentive, particularly to current degrees and extents, companies would no longer have the resources or motives/incentives to perform competitive, viable biotech research – as otherwise they may not be able to generate sufficient returns from initial R&D investment or less returns than from other expenditures that are possible. "
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594:, professor of Public and Environmental Health at Columbia University. Despommier and his students came up with a design of a skyscraper farm that could feed 50,000 people. Although the design has not yet been built, it successfully popularized the idea of vertical farming. Current applications of vertical farmings coupled with other state-of-the-art technologies, such as specialized
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transparent. It is used in plastering and in occupational therapy and can be moulded to any anatomical shape. Excess pieces can be reused: used casts can be disposed of either as energy or biowaste. The composite differs from traditional lime cast in that it doesn’t need water and it is non-toxic. Therefore gas-masks, gauntlets or suction fans are not required when handling the cast.
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conflate the bioeconomy with the term 'bio-based economy'. For example, since 2005 the
Netherlands has sought to promote the creation of a biobased economy. Pilot plants have been started i.e. in Lelystad (Zeafuels), and a centralised organisation exists (Interdepartementaal programma biobased economy), with supporting research (Food & Biobased Research) being conducted. Other
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make plastic materials is not necessarily compostable or bio-degradable. Natural biopolymers can be often biodegraded in the natural environment while only a few bio-based monomer bio-based plastics can be. Bio-based plastics are a more sustainable option in comparison to their petroleum based counterparts, yet they only account for 1% of plastics produced annually as of 2020.
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sought-after advantage. Additionally, crops are resistant to weather disruptions because of their placement indoors, meaning less crops lost to extreme or unexpected weather occurrences. Lastly, because of its limited land usage, vertical farming is less disruptive to the native plants and animals, leading to further conservation of the local flora and fauna.
1380:
water expertise and technology, water-based tourism, making use of aquatic biomass, and the value chain of fisheries. Furthermore, the immaterial value of aquatic natural resources is also very high. Water areas have also other values beyond being platforms of economic activities. It provides human well-being, recreation and health.
2099:, or certain activities and elements of it, could be considered to be a strong global bioeconomy sector. Textiles are produced from natural fibres, regenerated fibres and synthetic fibres (Sinclair 2014). The natural fibre textile industry is based on cotton, linen, bamboo, hemp, wool, silk, angora, mohair and cashmere.
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Vertical farming technologies face economic challenges with large start-up costs compared to traditional farms. They cannot grow all types of crops but can be cost-effective for high value products such as salad vegetables. Vertical farms also face large energy demands due to the use of supplementary
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Cai, Tao; Sun, Hongbing; Qiao, Jing; Zhu, Leilei; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, Jie; Tang, Zijing; Wei, Xinlei; Yang, Jiangang; Yuan, Qianqian; Wang, Wangyin; Yang, Xue; Chu, Huanyu; Wang, Qian; You, Chun; Ma, Hongwu; Sun, Yuanxia; Li, Yin; Li, Can; Jiang, Huifeng; Wang, Qinhong; Ma, Yanhe (24 September 2021).
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Textile fibres can be formed in chemical processes from bio-based materials. These fibres are called bio-based regenerated fibres. The oldest regenerated fibres are viscose and rayon, produced in the 19th century. The first industrial processes used a large amount of wood as raw material, as well as
2080:
Another alternative to commonly used petroleum plastics are bio-based plastics. Examples of bio-based plastics include natural biopolymers and polymers synthesized from natural feedstock monomers, which can be extracted from plants, animals, or microorganisms. A polymer that is bio-based and used to
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Sustainable packaging policy cannot be individualized by a specific product. Effective legislation would need to include alternatives to many products, not just a select few; otherwise, the positive impacts of sustainable packing will not be as effective as they need in order to propel a significant
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There are packaging materials which combine the qualities of paper and plastic. For example, Paptic is produced from wood-based fibre that contains more than 70% wood. The material is formed with foam-forming technology that saves raw material and improves the qualities of the material. The material
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Santoro, Erika P.; Borges, Ricardo M.; Espinoza, Josh L.; Freire, Marcelo; Messias, Camila S. M. A.; Villela, Helena D. M.; Pereira, Leandro M.; Vilela, Caren L. S.; Rosado, JoĂŁo G.; Cardoso, Pedro M.; Rosado, Phillipe M.; Assis, Juliana M.; Duarte, Gustavo A. S.; Perna, Gabriela; Rosado, Alexandre
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Meyer, Vera; Basenko, Evelina Y.; Benz, J. Philipp; Braus, Gerhard H.; Caddick, Mark X.; Csukai, Michael; de Vries, Ronald P.; Endy, Drew; Frisvad, Jens C.; Gunde-Cimerman, Nina; Haarmann, Thomas; Hadar, Yitzhak; Hansen, Kim; Johnson, Robert I.; Keller, Nancy P.; Kraševec, Nada; Mortensen, Uffe H.;
2242:
It has been argued that public investment would be a tool governments should use to regulate and license cellular agriculture. Private firms and venture capital would likely seek to maximise investor value rather than social welfare. Moreover, radical innovation is considered to be more risky, "and
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is a renewable and biodegradable casting material. It is produced from woodchips and biodegradable plastic. It is hard and durable in room temperature but when heated is flexible and self-sticky. Woodcast can be applied to all plastering and supporting elements. The material is breathable and X-ray
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as a policy agenda and framework to promote the use of biotechnology to develop new products, markets, and uses of biomass. Since then, both the EU (2012) and OECD (2006) have created dedicated bioeconomy strategies, as have an increasing number of countries around the world. Often these strategies
76:
Bioeconomy has large variety of definitions. The bioeconomy comprises those parts of the economy that use renewable biological resources from land and sea – such as crops, forests, fish, animals and micro-organisms – to produce food, health, materials, products, textiles and energy. The definitions
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The role of bioenergy varies in different countries and continents. In Africa it is the most important energy sources with the share of 96%. Bioenergy has significant shares in energy production in the
Americas (59%), Asia (65%) and Europe (59%). The bioenergy is produced out of a large variety of
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Global production of farmed aquatic plants, overwhelmingly dominated by seaweeds, grew in output volume from 13.5 million tonnes in 1995 to just over 30 million tonnes in 2016. Cultured microalgae already contribute to a wide range of sectors in the emerging bioeconomy. Research suggests there are
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to create and design new methods of producing proteins, fats, and tissues that would otherwise come from traditional agriculture. Most of the industry is focused on animal products such as meat, milk, and eggs, produced in cell culture rather than raising and slaughtering farmed livestock which is
67:
The terms bioeconomy (BE) and bio-based economy (BBE) are sometimes used interchangeably. However, it is worth to distinguish them: the biobased economy takes into consideration the production of non-food goods, whilst bioeconomy covers both bio-based economy and the production and use of food and
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can inhibit the practice of medicine and progress of science. This can also apply to other areas where patents and private intellectual property licenses are being used, often entirely preventing the use and continued development of knowledge and techniques for many years or decades. On the other
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tins are made from wood chips and biodegradable natural binder and they have features similar to plastic. These packaging products tolerate water and fats, and they do not allow oxygen to pass. Sulapac products combine ecology, luxury and are not subject to design limitations. Sulapac can compete
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The blue bioeconomy covers businesses that are based on the sustainable use of renewable aquatic resources as well water related expertise areas. It covers the development and marketing of blue bioeconomy products and services. In that respect, the key sectors include business activities based on
5580:
Knott, Brandon C.; Erickson, Erika; Allen, Mark D.; Gado, Japheth E.; Graham, Rosie; Kearns, Fiona L.; Pardo, Isabel; Topuzlu, Ece; Anderson, Jared J.; Austin, Harry P.; Dominick, Graham; Johnson, Christopher W.; Rorrer, Nicholas A.; Szostkiewicz, Caralyn J.; Copié, Valérie; Payne, Christina M.;
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produces wood composite sinks and other bathroom furniture. The composite is produced by moulding a mixture of wood chips and crystal clear binder. Woodio has developed a solid wood composite that is entirely waterproof. The material has similar features to ceramic, but can be used for producing
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The energy content in one cubic metre is normally higher than in one cubic metre wood logs, but can vary greatly depending on moisture. The moisture is decided by the handling of the raw material. If the trees are taken down in the winter and left to dry for the summer (with teas in the bark and
137:
in Berlin in
November 2015 defines bioeconomy as "knowledge-based production and utilization of biological resources, biological processes and principles to sustainably provide goods and services across all economic sectors". According to the summit, bioeconomy involves three elements: renewable
51:
5752:
Cockell, Charles S.; Santomartino, Rosa; Finster, Kai; Waajen, Annemiek C.; Eades, Lorna J.; Moeller, Ralf; Rettberg, Petra; Fuchs, Felix M.; Van Houdt, Rob; Leys, Natalie; Coninx, Ilse; Hatton, Jason; Parmitano, Luca; Krause, Jutta; Koehler, Andrea; Caplin, Nicol; Zuijderduijn, Lobke; Mariani,
200:
Global population growth and over consumption of many resources are causing increasing environmental pressure and climate change. Bioeconomy tackles with these challenges. It aims to ensure food security and to promote more sustainable natural resource use as well as to reduce the dependence on
1031:, also have many commercial and industrial uses, but due to their size and the specific requirements of the environment in which they need to grow, they do not lend themselves as readily to cultivation (this may change, however, with the advent of newer seaweed cultivators, which are basically
1566:
The size of the woodchips, moisture content, and the raw material from which the chips are made are particularly important when burning wood chips in small plants. Unfortunately, there are not many standards to decide the fractions of woodchip. However, as of March 2018, The
American National
318:
According to
European Union Bioeconomy Strategy updated in 2018 the bioeconomy covers all sectors and systems that rely on biological resources (animals, plants, micro-organisms and derived biomass, including organic waste), their functions and principles. It covers all primary production and
38:
in the production of goods, services, or energy. The terms are widely used by regional development agencies, national and international organizations, and biotechnology companies. They are closely linked to the evolution of the biotechnology industry and the capacity to study, understand, and
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Recent studies have highlighted the potential of traditionally used plants, in providing value-added products in remote areas of the world. A study conducted on tobacco plants proposed a non-exhaustive list of compounds with potential economic interest that can be sourced from these plants.
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The main advantage of utilizing vertical farming technologies is the increased crop yield that comes with a smaller unit area of land requirement. The increased ability to cultivate a larger variety of crops at once because crops do not share the same plots of land while growing is another
346:
In some definitions, bioeconomy comprises also ecosystem services that are services offered by the environment, including binding carbon dioxide and opportunities for recreation. Another key aspect of the bioeconomy is not wasting natural resources but using and recycling them efficiently.
1627:, in that the movement and handling is more amenable to automation than cord wood, particularly for smaller systems. Woodchips are less expensive to produce than wood pellets, which must be processed in specialized facilities. While avoiding the costs associated with refinement, the lower
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Alessandro; Pellari, Stefano S.; Carubia, Fabrizio; Luciani, Giacomo; Balsamo, Michele; Zolesi, Valfredo; Nicholson, Natasha; Loudon, Claire-Marie; Doswald-Winkler, Jeannine; Herová, Magdalena; Rattenbacher, Bernd; Wadsworth, Jennifer; Craig
Everroad, R.; Demets, René (10 November 2020).
7005:"Bioplastics from sugerbeet video created by project "Boosting European Citizen's Knowledge and Awareness of Bio-Economy Research and Innovation" that is European Union Horizon project under programme H2020-EU.3.2.4.3. - Supporting market development for bio-based products and processes"
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Berlin, Kustrim CerimiKustrim Cerimi studied biotechnology at the
Technical University in; biotechnology, is currently doing his PhD He is interested in the broad field of fungal; Artists, Has Collaborated in Various Interdisciplinary Projects with; Artists, Hybrid (28 January 2022).
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for instance may provide some additional advantages such as reduced associated costs (i.e. costs during the manufacturing process ) and less water use. One example are trees have been genetically modified to either have less lignin, or to express lignin with chemically labile bonds.
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Bio-based products are developed in order to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and non-renewable resources. To achieve this, the key is to develop new bio-refining technologies to sustainably transform renewable natural resources into bio-based products, materials and fuels, e.g.
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and compostability, and in some cases optimized barrier properties. Along with the growth in variety of bioplastic materials, properties such as flexibility, durability, printability, transparency, barrier, heat resistance, gloss and many more have been significantly enhanced.
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biomass, enabling and converging technologies, and integration across applications concerning primary production (i.e. all living natural resources), health (i.e. pharmaceuticals and medical devices), and industry (i.e. chemicals, plastics, enzymes, pulp and paper, bioenergy).
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17.8 % out of gross final energy consumption was covered with renewable energy. Among renewable energy sources, bioenergy (energy from bio-based sources) is the largest renewable energy source. In 2017, bioenergy accounted for 70% of renewable energy consumption.
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of mixed plastics along with other approaches. Such approaches may be more environmentally-friendly as well as cost-effective than mechanical and chemical PET-recycling, enabling circular plastic bio-economy solutions via systems based on engineered strains. Moreover,
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Materials have been developed or used for packaging without plastics, especially for use-cases in which packaging can't be phased-out – such as with policies for national grocery store requirements – for being needed for preserving food products or other purposes.
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can be produced as reels, which enables it to be delivered with existing mills. The material is spatter-proof but is decomposed when put under water. It is more durable than paper and maintains its shape better than plastic. The material is recycled with cardboards.
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There is a potential for biobased-production of building materials (insulation, surface materials, etc.) as well as new materials in general (polymers, plastics, composites, etc.). Photosynthetic microbial cells have been used as a step to synthetic production of
7656:
Hoehn, Daniel; Laso, Jara; Margallo, MarĂa; Ruiz-SalmĂłn, Israel; Amo-SetiĂ©n, Francisco JosĂ©; Abajas-Bustillo, Rebeca; Sarabia, Carmen; Quiñones, Ainoa; Vázquez-Rowe, Ian; Bala, Alba; Batlle-Bayer, Laura; Fullana-i-Palmer, Pere; Aldaco, RubĂ©n (January 2021).
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Smyth, S. J.; Aerni, P.; Castle, D.; Demont, M.; Falck-Zepeda, J. B.; Paarlberg, R.; Phillips, P. W. B.; Pray, C. E.; Savastano, S.; Wesseler; Zilberman, D. (2011). "Sustainability and the bioeconomy: Policy recommendations from the 15th ICABR conference".
8603:"Mohr, Dunja M.: Anthropocene Fiction: Narrating the 'Zero Hour' in Margaret Atwood's MaddAddam Trilogy. Writing Beyond the End Times? The Literatures of Canada and Quebec. Eds. Ursula Mathis-Moser and Marie Carrière. Innsbruck: Innsbruck UP, 2017, 25-46"
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Haapala, Antti; Härkönen, Janne; Leviäkangas, Pekka; Kess, Pekka; Häggman, Hely; Arvola, Jouko; Stoor, Tuomas; Ämmälä, Ari; Karppinen, Katja; Leppilampi, Mari; Niinimäki, Jouko (1 January 2015). "Bioeconomy potential - focus on
Northern Finland".
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Macreadie, Peter I.; Costa, Micheli D. P.; Atwood, Trisha B.; Friess, Daniel A.; Kelleway, Jeffrey J.; Kennedy, Hilary; Lovelock, Catherine E.; Serrano, Oscar; Duarte, Carlos M. (December 2021). "Blue carbon as a natural climate solution".
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manipulate genetic material that has been possible due to scientific research and technological development. This includes the application of scientific and technological developments to agriculture, health, chemical, and energy industries.
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Ilyas, Sadia; Srivastava, Rajiv R.; Kim, Hyunjung; Das, Subhankar; Singh, Vinay K. (15 February 2021). "Circular bioeconomy and environmental benignness through microbial recycling of e-waste: A case study on copper and gold restoration".
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is another emerging genre that focuses on the relationship between human societies and the environment and also addresses many of the bioeconomy's issues and technologies such as genetic engineering, synthetic meat and commodification.
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Smith, Rebecca A.; Cass, Cynthia L.; Mazaheri, Mona; Sekhon, Rajandeep S.; Heckwolf, Marlies; Kaeppler, Heidi; de Leon, Natalia; Mansfield, Shawn D.; Kaeppler, Shawn M.; Sedbrook, John C.; Karlen, Steven D.; Ralph, John (2 May 2017).
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Arterburn, Linda M.; Oken, Harry A.; Bailey Hall, Eileen; Hamersley, Jacqueline; Kuratko, Connye N.; Hoffman, James P. (1 July 2008). "Algal-Oil
Capsules and Cooked Salmon: Nutritionally Equivalent Sources of Docosahexaenoic Acid".
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For economic reasons, the processing of the biomass is done according to a specific pattern (a process called cascading). This pattern depends on the types of biomass used. The whole of finding the most suitable pattern is known as
84:
levels, and applying this understanding to creating or improving industrial processes, developing new products and services, and producing new energy. Bioeconomy aims to reduce our dependence on fossil natural resources, to prevent
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and offer better oxygen barriers than synthetic, chemical-based films. More research must be done to improve the water barrier quality of the dairy-based film, but advances in sustainable packaging are actively being pursued.
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In the 1990s the first more sustainable regenerated fibres, e.g. Lyocell, entered the market with the commercial name of Tencel. The production process uses wood cellulose and it processes the fibre without harmful chemicals.
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Many farmers depend on conventional methods of producing crops and many of them live in developing economies. Cellular agriculture for products such as synthetic coffee could, if the contemporary socioeconomic context (the
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to provide products relating to, energy, chemistry, or the food industry. Thus, forest bioeconomy covers a variety of different manufacturing processes that are based on wood material and the range of end products is wide.
2209:" refers to "the use of intellectual property systems to legitimize the exclusive ownership and control over biological resources and biological products that have been used over centuries in non-industrialized cultures".
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covered so rain can't reach to them), and is then chipped in the fall, the woodchips' moisture content will be approximately 20–25%. The energy content, then, is approximately 3.5–4.5kWh/kg (~150–250 kg/cubic metre).
124:
The bio-economy is the sustainable production and conversion of biomass, for a range of food, health, fibre and industrial products and energy, where renewable biomass encompasses any biological material to be used as raw
1635:, substantially increasing the feedstock needed to generate an equivalent amount of heat. Greater physical volume requirements also increase the expense and emissions impact of trucking, storing and/or shipping the wood.
1505:(which is solidified biogas), and torrefaction is used to create biomass-coal. Biomass-coal and biogas is then burnt for energy production, ethanol can be used as a (vehicle)-fuel, as well as for other purposes, such as
1910:, or is a material with both properties. Bioplastics have the same properties as conventional plastics and offer additional advantages, such as a reduced carbon footprint or additional waste management options, such as
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from forestry, agriculture and waste and side streams of industries to produce useful end products (pellets, wood chips, bioethanol, biogas and biodiesel) for electricity, heat and transportation fuel around the world.
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EnrĂquez and Martinez' 2002 Harvard Business School working paper, "Biotechonomy 1.0: A Rough Map of Biodata Flow", showed the global flow of genetic material into and out of the three largest public genetic databases:
354:, the bioeconomy brings together various sectors of the economy that produce, process and reuse renewable biological resources (agriculture, forestry, fisheries, food, bio-based chemicals and materials and bioenergy).
1901:
are not just one single material. They comprise a whole family of materials with different properties and applications. According to European Bioplastics, a plastic material is defined as a bioplastic if it is either
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lights, have resulted in over 10 times the crop yield than would receive through traditional farming methods. There have been several different means of implementing vertical farming systems into communities such as:
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production that are potentially more efficient than production by the original source organisms. Fungi-based industries are sometimes considered to be a major part of a growing bioeconomy, with applications under
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The bioeconomy has largely been associated with visions of "green growth". A study found that a "circular bioeconomy" may be "necessary to build a carbon neutral future in line with the climate objectives of the
2077:
reduction of plastic packaging. Finding alternatives can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from unsustainable packaging production and reduce dangerous chemical by-products of unsustainable packaging practices.
1170:, etc.) is linked to waste management and relevant standards and requirements of production and products. Some of the recycling of waste may be biomining and some biomining could be applied beyond recycling.
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non-renewable resources, e.g. fossil natural resources and minerals. In some extent bioeconomy also helps economy to reduces greenhouse gas emissions and assists in mitigating and adapting to climate change.
1705:. The term “bioproduct” refers to a wide array of industrial and commercial products that are characterized by a variety of properties, compositions and processes, as well as different benefits and risks.
159:. The authors then hypothesized about the economic impact that such data flows might have on patent creation, evolution of biotech startups and licensing fees. An adaptation of this paper was published in
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means the industries that are related to marine environment activities, e.g. shipbuilding, transport, coastal tourism, renewable energies (such as off-shore windmills), living and non-living resources.
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feed. More than 60 countries and regions have bioeconomy or bioscience-related strategies, of which 20 have published dedicated bioeconomy strategies in Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and the Americas.
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Gautom, Trishnamoni; Dheeman, Dharmendra; Levy, Colin; Butterfield, Thomas; Alvarez Gonzalez, Guadalupe; Le Roy, Philip; Caiger, Lewis; Fisher, Karl; Johannissen, Linus; Dixon, Neil (29 October 2021).
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Perez, Rolando; Ram, Arthur F. J.; Record, Eric; Ross, Phil; Shapaval, Volha; Steiniger, Charlotte; van den Brink, Hans; van Munster, Jolanda; Yarden, Oded; Wösten, Han A. B. (2 April 2020).
1404:
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Wesseler; Spielman, D. S.; Demont, M. (2011). "The Future of Governance in the Global Bioeconomy: Policy, Regulation, and Investment Challenges for the Biotechnology and Bioenergy Sectors".
2155:. The bioeconomy, its potentials, disruptive new modes of production and innovations may distract from the need for systemic structural socioeconomic changes and provide a false illusion of
1357:. Wood is also traditionally used in furniture and construction industries. But in addition to these, as a renewable natural resource, ingredients from wood can be valorised into innovative
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to break down PET even faster and also break down PEF. Once plastics (which are normally non-biodegradable) are broken down and recycled into other substances (i.e. biomatter in the case of
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According to a 2013 study, "the bioeconomy can be defined as an economy where the basic building blocks for materials, chemicals and energy are derived from renewable biological resources".
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Lane, Katie; Derbyshire, Emma; Li, Weili; Brennan, Charles (January 2014). "Bioavailability and Potential Uses of Vegetarian Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Review of the Literature".
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According to the European Union the blue bioeconomy has the focus on aquatic or marine environments, especially, on novel aquaculture applications, including non-food, food and feed.
1563:. The advantage of woodchips is cost, the advantage of wood pellets is the controlled fuel value. The use of woodchips in automated heating systems, is based on a robust technology.
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Bio-based or partially bio-based non-biodegradable plastics such as bio-based PE, PP, or PET (so-called drop-ins) and bio-based technical performance polymers such as PTT or TPC-ET
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alongside a range of conventional forest industry products. Thus, traditional mill sites of large forest industry companies, for example in Finland, are in the process of becoming
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Marchant GE. 2007. Genomics, Ethics, and Intellectual Property. Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation: A Handbook of Best Practices. Ch 1.5:29-38
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Plastic packages or plastic components are sometimes part of a valid environmental solution. Other times, alternatives to petroleum and natural gas based plastic are desirable.
7305:
Mohammadhosseini, Hossein; Alyousef, Rayed; Abdul Shukor Lim, Nor Hasanah; Tahir, Mahmood Md; Alabduljabbar, Hisham; Mohamed, Abdeliazim Mustafa; Samadi, Mostafa (June 2020).
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Biomass is a renewable natural resource but it is still a limited resource. Globally there are huge resources, but environmental, social and economic aspects limit their use.
1365:. In different processes, forest biomass is used to produce textiles, chemicals, cosmetics, fuels, medicine, intelligent packaging, coatings, glues, plastics, food and feed.
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335:. The product of bioeconomy are typically food, feed and other biobased products, bioenergy and services based on biological resources. The bioeconomy aims to drive towards
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Diaz, Crisandra J.; Douglas, Kai J.; Kang, Kalisa; Kolarik, Ashlynn L.; Malinovski, Rodeon; Torres-Tiji, Yasin; Molino, JoĂŁo V.; Badary, Amr; Mayfield, Stephen P. (2023).
4899:
O'Donnell K, Cigelnik E, Casper HH (February 1998). "Molecular phylogenetic, morphological, and mycotoxin data support reidentification of the Quorn mycoprotein fungus as
3826:
Ryan, Lisa; Symington, Amy M. (1 December 2015). "Algal-oil supplements are a viable alternative to fish-oil supplements in terms of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA)".
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5062:"The laboratory environmental algae pond simulator (LEAPS) photobioreactor: Validation using outdoor pond cultures of Chlorella sorokiniana and Nannochloropsis salina"
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and their natural resources, and covers a variety of different industry and production processes. Forest bioeconomy includes, for example, the processing of forest
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7462:
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The next generation of regenerated fibres are under development. The production processes use less or no chemicals, and the water consumption is also diminished.
1663:. A general list shows the products with high added value and lowest volume of biomass to the products with the lowest added value and highest volume of biomass:
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725:
of fungal species. For example, genetic modification of yeast species—which are easy to grow at fast rates in large fermentation vessels—has opened up ways of
587:. Some common choices of structures to house vertical farming systems include buildings, shipping containers, underground tunnels, and abandoned mine shafts.
7353:
4033:
1610:), since in the ideal case only the carbon dioxide which was drawn in during the tree's growth and stored in the wood is released into the atmosphere again.
1457:
can play an important role for low-carbon solutions in the fields of customer supplies, energy, food and feed. In practice, there are many competing uses.
110:
7820:
Forster, Piers M.; Forster, Harriet I.; Evans, Mat J.; Gidden, Matthew J.; Jones, Chris D.; Keller, Christoph A.; Lamboll, Robin D.; Quéré, Corinne Le;
7659:"Introducing a Degrowth Approach to the Circular Economy Policies of Food Production, and Food Loss and Waste Management: Towards a Circular Bioeconomy"
6379:
Laszlo C, Kaminski K, Guan H, Fatarova M, Wei J, Bergounioux A, Schlage WK, Schorderet-Weber S, Guy PA, Ivanov NV, Lamottke K, Hoeng J (November 2022).
6287:
DĂaz-Yáñez O, Mola-Yudego, B; Anttila P, Röser D, Asikainen A. (2013). "Forest chips for energy in Europe: current procurement methods and potentials".
4342:
Baghban, Roghayyeh; Farajnia, Safar; Rajabibazl, Masoumeh; Ghasemi, Younes; Mafi, AmirAli; Hoseinpoor, Reyhaneh; Rahbarnia, Leila; Aria, Maryam (2019).
4109:
5032:
122:
In 2010 it was defined in the report "The Knowledge Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) in Europe: Achievements and Challenges" by Albrecht & al. as follows:
106:
824:
or selected according to their capacity to ferment food without producing harmful mycotoxins (see below), which are produced by very closely related
3400:
513:
Many of the foods produced with tools and methods of the bioeconomy may not be intended for human consumption but for non-human animals such as for
469:
However, not all synthetic nutrition products are animal food products such as meat and dairy – for instance, as of 2021 there are also products of
6314:
7307:"Waste metalized film food packaging as low cost and ecofriendly fibrous materials in the production of sustainable and green concrete composites"
4157:
8538:
5722:
2193:
Observers worry that the bioeconomy will become as opaque and free of accountability as the industry it attempts to replace, that is the current
2110:
harmful chemicals and water. Later the process of regenerating fibres developed to reduce the use of raw materials, chemicals, water and energy.
1502:
1464:(crops), second-generation biomass (crop refuge), and third-generation biomass (seaweed, algae). Several methods of processing are then used (in
3180:
A sustainable bioeconomy for Europe strengthening the connection between economy, society and the environment : updated bioeconomy strategy
6102:
3212:
2956:
2697:
2197:. The fear is that its core products will be mass-produced, nutritionally dubious meat sold at the homogeneous fast-food joints of the future.
2102:
Activities related to textile production and processing that more clearly fall under the domain of the bioeconomy are developments such as the
2786:
Juan EnrĂquez, Rodrigo Martinez. "Biotechonomy 1.0: A Rough Map of Biodata Flow", Harvard Business School working paper # 03-028, August 2002.
2034:
6874:
6624:
5520:
4557:
949:
7794:
6817:
S.; Macrae, Andrew; Dupont, Christopher L.; Nelson, Karen E.; Sweet, Michael J.; Voolstra, Christian R.; Peixoto, Raquel S. (August 2021).
4584:
6790:
3110:
2008:
7435:
2909:
2999:
2004:
1305:, monitoring as well as for the development of new products. The pharmaceutical sector, including the research and development of new
7598:
Knuuttila, Kirsi; Sciences|, fi=Jyväskylän ammattikorkeakoulu|sv=Jyväskylän ammattikorkeakoulu|en=JAMK University of Applied (2020).
7480:
Jones, Mitchell; Gandia, Antoni; John, Sabu; Bismarck, Alexander (January 2021). "Leather-like material biofabrication using fungi".
4512:
Jones, Mitchell; Gandia, Antoni; John, Sabu; Bismarck, Alexander (January 2021). "Leather-like material biofabrication using fungi".
4059:
1998:
8717:
4133:
473:
that are reported to be close to commercialization. Similar fields of research and production based on bioeconomy agriculture are:
6991:
8684:
7824:; Rosen, Deborah; Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich; Richardson, Thomas B.; Smith, Christopher J.; Turnock, Steven T. (7 August 2020).
2767:"An Overview on How Sustainability is Addressed in Official Bioeconomy Strategies at International, National and Regional Levels"
2606:
Roos, Annie; Blomquist, Mimmi; Bhatia, Riina; Ekegren, Katarina; Rönnberg, Jonas; Torfgård, Lovisa; Tunberg, Maria (2021-11-17).
2258:– is a genre of science fiction that often thematizes the bioeconomy as well as its potential issues and technologies. The novel
2212:
Rather than leading to sustainable, healthy, inexpensive, safe, accessible food being produced with little labor locally – after
735:
437:
7199:
Kamada, Ayaka; Rodriguez-Garcia, Marc; Ruggeri, Francesco Simone; Shen, Yi; Levin, Aviad; Knowles, Tuomas P. J. (10 June 2021).
6590:
4083:
3607:
Kamada, Ayaka; Rodriguez-Garcia, Marc; Ruggeri, Francesco Simone; Shen, Yi; Levin, Aviad; Knowles, Tuomas P. J. (10 June 2021).
3230:
1718:
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5060:
Huesemann, M.; Williams, P.; Edmundson, Scott J.; Chen, P.; Kruk, R.; Cullinan, V.; Crowe, B.; Lundquist, T. (September 2017).
4393:
Huang B, Guo J, Yi B, Yu X, Sun L, Chen W (July 2008). "Heterologous production of secondary metabolites as pharmaceuticals in
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3425:
Foong, Choon Pin; Higuchi-Takeuchi, Mieko; Malay, Ali D.; Oktaviani, Nur Alia; Thagun, Chonprakun; Numata, Keiji (2020-07-08).
3259:
235:
Organisms, ranging from bacteria over yeasts up to plants are used for production of enzymatic catalysis. Genetically modified
7004:
2228:
and exacerbated inequality. For instance, while production costs may be minimal, costs – including of medicine – may be high.
9270:
8300:
8174:
7714:
7413:
6444:
6139:
6078:
6028:
5177:
4811:
Hachmeister KA, Fung DY (1993). "Tempeh: a mold-modified indigenous fermented food made from soybeans and/or cereal grains".
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3135:
Chapotin, SM; Wolt, JD (2007). "Genetically modified crops for the bioeconomy: meeting public and regulatory expectations".
8568:
6703:
3111:"Plant genetic engineering for biofuel production: towards affordable cellulosic ethanol. | Learn Science at Scitable"
1977:
energy at the end of its lifespan, unlike ceramic waste. Solid wood composite is hard and can be moulded with wooden tools.
7060:
63:
explaining the development of cultured meat and a "post-animal bio-economy" driven by lab-grown protein (meat, eggs, milk)
7882:
7130:
6381:"Fractionation and Extraction Optimization of Potentially Valuable Compounds and Their Profiling in Six Varieties of Two
6070:
Blue Bioeconomy Forum : highlights : synthesis of the roadmap and a selection of viable and innovative projects
433:
307:
6819:"Coral microbiome manipulation elicits metabolic and genetic restructuring to mitigate heat stress and evade mortality"
6073:. Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises., Technopolis Group., Wageningen Research. Luxembourg. 2020.
4948:
Finnigan, Tim JA; Wall, Benjamin T; Wilde, Peter J; Stephens, Francis B; Taylor, Steve L; Freedman, Marjorie R (2019).
1387:
572:
5246:"Circular Bio-economy—Paradigm for the Future: Systematic Review of Scientific Journal Publications from 2015 to 2021"
2888:
693:
are large industries in many countries. The study of the historical uses and sociological impact of fungi is known as
484:
7289:
3509:"Photovoltaic-driven microbial protein production can use land and sunlight more efficiently than conventional crops"
3269:
1294:
1086:
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light like LEDs. The buildings also need excellent control of temperature, humidity and water supplies. Moreover, if
7928:
6354:
5550:
3337:
3035:"Suppression of CINNAMOYL-CoA REDUCTASE increases the level of monolignol ferulates incorporated into maize lignins"
2056:
are looking into using dairy-based films as an alternative to petroleum-based packaging. Instead of being made of
1342:
Besides different wood-based products, recreation, nature tourism and game are a crucial part of forest bioeconomy.
685:
The human use of fungi for food preparation or preservation and other purposes is extensive and has a long history.
9280:
4813:
210:
8602:
525:. There are various startups and research teams around the world who use synthetic biology to create animal feed.
9275:
9202:
8924:
8005:"Social and Economic Opportunities and Challenges of Plant-Based and Cultured Meat for Rural Producers in the US"
5819:
4037:
2528:
J. Albrecht; D. Carrez; P. Cunningham; L.Daroda; R. Mancia; L. Máthé; A. Raschka; M. Carus; S.Piotrowski (2010).
2090:
1577:
have been converted to run on woodchips, which is fairly straightforward to do, since they both use an identical
884:
5755:"Space station biomining experiment demonstrates rare earth element extraction in microgravity and Mars gravity"
3020:
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181:
countries have also developed and implemented bioeconomy or bio-based economy policy strategies and frameworks.
9243:
9207:
7174:
5000:
Greene, Charles; Scott-Buechler, Celina; Hausner, Arjun; Johnson, Zackary; Lei, Xin Gen; Huntley, Mark (2022).
4008:
3582:
2462:"Strategies and Policies for the Bioeconomy and Bio-Based Economy: An Analysis of Official National Approaches"
877:
285:
80:
An important aspect of the bioeconomy is understanding mechanisms and processes at the genetic, molecular, and
8155:
Braun, Veit (2021). "Tools of Extraction or Means of Speculation? Making Sense of Patents in the Bioeconomy".
7549:
Svensson, Sofie E.; Ferreira, Jorge A.; Hakkarainen, Minna; Adolfsson, Karin H.; Zamani, Akram (1 July 2021).
7523:
2106:
of leather-like material using fungi, fungal cotton substitutes, and renewable fibers from fungal cell walls.
9051:
8818:
8490:"When the levees break: global heating, watery rhetoric and complexity in Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl"
6648:"Pro-efferocytic nanoparticles are specifically taken up by lesional macrophages and prevent atherosclerosis"
6559:
2053:
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is used to meet these energy demands, vertical farms could produce more pollution than traditional farms or
277:, the bacterium may provide the infrastructure for the future renewable production of food and green fuels.
7030:
2974:
1751:
4667:
2577:. Luxembourg: European Union. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. 2012.
1408:
522:
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and genetically engineered microbial production (e.g. of spider silk or solar-energy-based protein powder)
192:
announced intentions to encourage biological manufacturing methods, with a National Bioeconomy Blueprint.
9041:
8677:
4905:
3392:
1437:
1149:
8657:
3918:
397:
8898:
7201:"Controlled self-assembly of plant proteins into high-performance multifunctional nanostructured films"
6735:"Photosynthetic hydrogen production by droplet-based microbial micro-reactors under aerobic conditions"
6468:
6106:
4862:
3609:"Controlled self-assembly of plant proteins into high-performance multifunctional nanostructured films"
3216:
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2701:
2175:
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or other biological activities, many species have long been used or are being developed for industrial
185:
6704:"Research creates hydrogen-producing living droplets, paving way for alternative future energy source"
6171:
2166:
may make it possible to sustain contemporary patterns and structures, pre-empting structural changes.
571:
is the practice of growing crops in vertically and horizontally stacked layers. It often incorporates
470:
9285:
8712:
3672:
3507:
Leger, Dorian; Matassa, Silvio; Noor, Elad; Shepon, Alon; Milo, Ron; Bar-Even, Arren (29 June 2021).
3312:
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economic and industrial sectors that base on use, production or processing biological resources from
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in ways that e.g. safely increase yields, reduce the need for pesticides or ease indoor production.
9068:
8747:
8707:
8565:"Building the Hyper-Capable Operator: Should the Military Enhance Its Special Operations Warriors?"
6023:. Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment Enterprise and Innovation Department. pp. 9–10.
5914:"Fecal microbiota transplants: emerging social representations in the English-language print media"
2159:
932:(lit. "protein from fungus"), also known as mycelium-based protein or fungal protein, is a form of
758:
731:
675:
539:
which is a dietary supplement that could substitute possibly less sustainable, larger-market-share
498:
379:
6616:
3987:
8964:
8742:
6482:
Scarlat, Nicolae; Dallemand, Jean-François; Monforti-Ferrario, Fabio; Nita, Viorel (2015-07-01).
4949:
4348:
4297:
4266:
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1487:
1388:
Report on the Blue Growth Strategy - Towards more sustainable growth and jobs in the blue economy
1244:
1125:
1097:
477:
401:
375:
90:
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Building Industries athttp://bibliotecadigital.f Sea: 'Blue Growth' and the New Maritime Economy
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9121:
8949:
8843:
8823:
8670:
5581:
Woodcock, H. Lee; Donohoe, Bryon S.; Beckham, Gregg T.; McGeehan, John E. (24 September 2020).
2665:
Growth by integrating bioeconomy and low-carbon economy : scenarios for Finland until 2050
2365:
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1816:
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as well as for other purposes. Complementing research and development seeks to and has created
1616:
1083:
7704:
7279:
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5382:
Verdelho Vieira, VĂtor; Cadoret, Jean-Paul; Acien, F. Gabriel; Benemann, John (January 2022).
1743:
8620:
6308:
4514:
4399:
2545:
2022:
1907:
722:
518:
483:
Controlled self-assembly of plant proteins (e.g. of spider silk similar plant-proteins-based
8658:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Sustainable and circular bioeconomy
7600:"Uudet bio- ja kierrätyspohjaiset tekstiilimateriaalit ja niiden ominaisuuksien testaaminen"
2126:
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536:
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462:
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6646:
Flores AM, Hosseini-Nassab N, Jarr KU, Ye J, Zhu X, Wirka R, et al. (February 2020).
5164:. Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. pp. 389–404.
2927:. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. Luxembourg. 2017.
2795:
Rodrigo Martinez, Juan EnrĂquez, Jonathan West. "DNA Space. The Geography of the Genome",
8:
9046:
9029:
9009:
8989:
8220:"Rethinking Value in the Bio-economy: Finance, Assetization, and the Management of Value"
3947:"Future food-production systems: vertical farming and controlled-environment agriculture"
3427:"A marine photosynthetic microbial cell factory as a platform for spider silk production"
2345:
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2217:
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1472:
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1043:
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919:
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For example, there is ongoing research and development for indoor high-yield mechanisms.
718:
259:
8423:
7841:
7747:
7625:"A Transition to Which Bioeconomy? An Exploration of Diverging Techno-Political Choices"
7566:
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1800:
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was valued at $ 140.3 billion by a "Grand View Research" analysis. Certain parts of the
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5795:
5754:
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5649:
5625:
5583:"Characterization and engineering of a two-enzyme system for plastics depolymerization"
5582:
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1405:
Timeline of sustainable energy research 2020–present § Bioenergy and biotechnology
1302:
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1038:
Commercial and industrial algae cultivation has numerous uses, including production of
840:
826:
786:
781:
690:
591:
535:
One example of a product highly specific to the bioeconomy that is widely available is
420:
222:
8449:"The bioeconomy transformation as an external enabler of sustainable entrepreneurship"
4319:
4292:
3183:. Europäische Kommission Generaldirektion Forschung und Innovation. Luxembourg. 2018.
1935:
or starch-based materials offer solutions with completely new functionalities such as
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9176:
9131:
8954:
8828:
8523:
8511:
8388:
8370:
8296:
8283:
Löfgren, Hans (2009). "The Competition State and the Private Control of Healthcare".
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5459:
5415:
5384:"Clarification of Most Relevant Concepts Related to the Microalgae Production Sector"
5345:
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5195:"Alternative Sources of Omega-3 Fats: Can We Find a Sustainable Substitute for Fish?"
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Pulp, paper, packaging materials and sawn timber are the traditional products of the
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115:
86:
8141:
8073:
7795:"Man v food: is lab-grown meat really going to solve our nasty agriculture problem?"
6967:
6576:
6439:. Pollution Probe., BIOCAP Canada Foundation. Toronto, Ont.: Pollution Probe. 2004.
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7570:
7551:"Fungal textiles: Wet spinning of fungal microfibers to produce monofilament yarns"
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1970:
with traditional plastic tins by cost and is suitable for the same packing devices.
1936:
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and to create new economic growth and jobs that are in line with the principles of
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8489:
7393:
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1007:
The majority of algae that are intentionally cultivated fall into the category of
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102:
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4721:
Piskur J, Rozpedowska E, Polakova S, Merico A, Compagno C (April 2006). "How did
4009:"Green Zionist Alliance (GZA) - Bold Resolutions for 36th World Zionist Congress"
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that mimics functions of biological cells. Applications include medicine such as
1773:
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1354:
1286:
1071:
978:
888:
883:
It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly
835:
506:
384:
168:
The term 'bioeconomy' became popular from the mid-2000s with its adoption by the
8564:
8165:
7732:"On the Circular Bioeconomy and Decoupling: Implications for Sustainable Growth"
7623:
Hausknost, Daniel; Schriefl, Ernst; Lauk, Christian; Kalt, Gerald (April 2017).
5994:
5962:"Super poo: the emerging science of stool transplants and designer gut bacteria"
5169:
5086:
5061:
4558:"Plant-based meat substitutes - products with future potential | Bioökonomie.de"
3420:
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2834:
2608:"The digitalisation of the Nordic bioeconomy and its effect on gender equality"
2530:"The Knowledge Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) in Europe: Achievements and Challenges"
2529:
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2103:
1927:
Plastics that are based on fossil resources and are biodegradable, such as PBAT
1854:
artificial assistance to make coral reefs more resilient against climate change
1603:
1599:
1549:
1282:
1032:
983:
726:
680:
575:, which aims to optimize plant growth, and soilless farming techniques such as
441:
336:
169:
8021:
8004:
7850:
7825:
6671:
6549:
6532:
6484:"The role of biomass and bioenergy in a future bioeconomy: Policies and facts"
6401:
6131:
6088:
5650:"Structural basis of terephthalate recognition by solute binding protein TphC"
5322:
4826:
4781:
4740:
4611:"The importance of fungi and mycology for addressing major global challenges*"
4412:
4242:
4217:
3839:
3442:
3198:
3148:
3051:
2942:
2683:
1924:
Plastics that are both bio-based and biodegradable, such as PLA and PHA or PBS
747:
9259:
9014:
8969:
8878:
8693:
8584:"Negotiating the Boundaries of Solarpunk Literature in Environmental Justice"
8515:
8374:
8292:
8243:
8235:
8123:
8114:
8098:"Intellectual property rights, the bioeconomy and the challenge of biopiracy"
8030:
7898:
7859:
7765:
7584:
7501:
7436:"Leather jackets made in labs? This fashion designer wants to make it happen"
7330:
7304:
7232:
7175:"'Vegan spider silk' provides sustainable alternative to single-use plastics"
6940:
6517:
6454:
5939:
5898:
5890:
5786:
5681:
5616:
5463:
5419:
5363:
5331:
5279:
5095:
5033:"Nutrient-rich algae could help meet global food demand: Cornell researchers"
5023:
5014:
5001:
4850:"Identification and toxigenic potential of the industrially important fungi,
4634:
4535:
4472:
4251:
4201:
4182:
3847:
3804:
3640:
3583:"'Vegan spider silk' provides sustainable alternative to single-use plastics"
3542:
3450:
3415:
2641:
2592:
2487:
2069:
2042:
1595:
1578:
1545:
1092:
large potentials and benefits of algaculture for the development of a future
1039:
1012:
966:
924:
776:
702:
694:
502:
457:
445:
416:
389:
189:
31:
7599:
7463:"This Mushroom-Based Leather Could Be the Next Sustainable Fashion Material"
7156:
6533:"Exploring the potential of metallic nanoparticles within synthetic biology"
5607:
5002:"Transforming the Future of Marine Aquaculture: A Circular Economy Approach"
3725:
3700:
3533:
1289:, sports performance related products and bio-based tests (such as of one's
339:, circularity as well as the protection of the environment and will enhance
247:(based on polyhydroxylbutyrate or polyhydroxylalkanoates) are produced from
9166:
9151:
9063:
9004:
8903:
8873:
8782:
8392:
8261:
8065:
7989:
7821:
7250:
7040:. Fact sheet of EASME - Executive Agency for SMEs under European Commission
6860:
6842:
6776:
6689:
6568:
6420:
6200:
6068:
5804:
5699:
5634:
5471:
5349:
5230:
5193:
Lenihan-Geels, Georgia; Bishop, Karen; Ferguson, Lynnette (18 April 2013).
5138:
4983:
4950:"Mycoprotein: The Future of Nutritious Nonmeat Protein, a Symposium Review"
4918:
4885:
4789:
4748:
4652:
4490:
4420:
4371:
3812:
3734:
3658:
3560:
3483:"Growing food with air and solar power: More efficient than planting crops"
3468:
3178:
3156:
3070:
2922:
2663:
2335:
2300:
2276:
services and e.g. custom narcotics are 3D-printed locally or smuggled with
2148:
1796:
1781:
1777:
1755:
1642:
1624:
1560:
1482:
1391:
1390:(2017) the blue bioeconomy is defined differently to the blue economy. The
1298:
1093:
817:
656:
628:
449:
340:
299:
239:
have been used to produce insulin, artemisinic acid was made in engineered
7359:. If this is an intentional citation to a retracted paper, please replace
6434:
4926:
4834:
4328:
4158:"Indoor farming and outdoor farming average yield per acre worldwide 2015"
3891:"Dickson Despommier | Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health"
2572:
1526:
1468:) to gather the most out of the biomass. This includes techniques such as
310:(hurdles to regulatory approvals, market adoption and public acceptance).
9156:
9146:
9141:
7929:"Eco-friendly, lab-grown coffee is on the way, but it comes with a catch"
6351:
4965:
3338:"Eco-friendly, lab-grown coffee is on the way, but it comes with a catch"
2527:
2502:"Document card | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"
2194:
2049:
which is known for its high strength and similar on the molecular level.
2046:
1887:
1698:
1660:
1581:
1537:
Woody chips left for drying before transport to industrial off-takers in
1465:
1422:
1362:
1358:
1306:
1217:
1063:
1016:
997:
993:
959:
929:
855:
663:
576:
514:
412:
332:
320:
230:
56:
8727:
8583:
8473:
7104:
6931:
6733:
Xu Z, Wang S, Zhao C, Li S, Liu X, Wang L, et al. (November 2020).
3673:"World-first artificial synthesis of starch from CO2 outperforms nature"
2231:
1374:
1232:
1113:
710:
697:. Because of the capacity of this group to produce an enormous range of
9083:
9036:
8959:
8868:
8334:
8317:
7685:
7675:
7658:
6345:
5410:
5400:
5383:
2330:
2277:
2221:
2045:
packaging alternative to plastic was developed based on research about
2016:
1903:
1898:
1867:
1430:
1278:
1223:
1075:
1059:
1024:
1008:
714:
643:
584:
580:
269:
fixation using a synthetic metabolic pathway. By genetically modifying
244:
218:
7907:
7641:
7624:
5211:
5160:
Winwood, R.J. (2013). "Algal oil as a source of omega-3 fatty acids".
5103:
4034:"First commercial vertical farm opens in Singapore - Channel NewsAsia"
3231:"Sustainable growth from bioeconomy – The Finnish Bioeconomy Strategy"
2751:
2734:
2478:
2461:
8464:
8044:
Andrews, LB (2000). "Genes and Patent Policy: Rethinking IP Rights".
6481:
5551:"Plastic-eating enzyme 'cocktail' heralds new hope for plastic waste"
4697:
4445:"Growing a circular economy with fungal biotechnology: a white paper"
2281:
2255:
2206:
1932:
1863:
1825:
could be considered as part of the bioeconomy. Examples may include:
1638:
1477:
1418:
1213:
1208:
1159:
1047:
795:
608:
7548:
6875:"The problem with blue carbon: can seagrass be replanted … by hand?"
6328:
2811:
Neoliberal Bio-economies? The Co-construction of Markets and Natures
2766:
9186:
9088:
8448:
8057:
7826:"Current and future global climate impacts resulting from COVID-19"
5381:
3424:
2460:
Staffas, Louise; Gustavsson, Mathias; McCormick, Kes (2013-06-20).
2380:
2315:
2305:
2225:
2137:
1859:
1793:
1719:
Synthetic biology § Other transplants and induced regeneration
1506:
808:
771:
600:
540:
324:
289:
284:) that is able to break down PET (a plastic) into other substances
254:
Genetically modified organisms are also used for the production of
236:
81:
77:
and usage does however vary between different areas of the world.
5723:"Asteroid-munching microbes could mine materials from space rocks"
4999:
4762:
Abe K, Gomi K, Hasegawa F, Machida M (September 2006). "Impact of
2859:
2394:
2152:
9126:
9019:
8797:
8792:
8406:
Kuckertz, Andreas; Berger, Elisabeth S.C.; Brändle, Leif (2020).
7198:
7087:"Woodio's waterproof wood composite elevates wood to a new level"
4581:
3781:
3606:
2272:
prevalent black market clinics offer wealthy people unauthorized
2251:
1911:
1712:
1646:
1628:
1591:
1538:
1498:
1461:
1446:
1426:
1182:
1163:
1028:
612:
367:
328:
255:
148:
35:
8662:
8408:"Entrepreneurship and the sustainable bioeconomy transformation"
5820:"Dietary Supplements Market Size & Trends Report, 2021-2028"
5751:
4341:
2188:
2060:, these dairy-based films would be composed of proteins such as
9171:
8763:
7061:"The biodegradable Sulapac® material aims to challenge plastic"
5912:
McLeod, Carmen; Nerlich, Brigitte; Jaspal, Rusi (3 July 2019).
4720:
4258:
3988:"Vertical Plant Production as a Public Exhibit at Paignton Zoo"
3701:"Cell-free chemoenzymatic starch synthesis from carbon dioxide"
2061:
1784:
that make blood cells eat away—from the inside out—portions of
1494:
1331:
1178:
1177:
refinement and mechanical description of synergistic enzymes –
987:
937:
813:
620:
616:
604:
590:
The modern concept of vertical farming was proposed in 1999 by
491:
298:
Genetically modified crops are also used. Genetically modified
178:
60:
8539:"Change Agent is a terrible book that will make a great movie"
8316:
Hinderer, Sebastian; Brändle, Leif; Kuckertz, Andreas (2021).
5875:
5495:"Biomining: Turning Waste into Gold Sustainably with Microbes"
5059:
4267:"Gloucestershire vertical farm is one of UK's 'most advanced'"
2860:"BioBased Economy – De Nederlandse BioBased Economy community"
2835:"Schematic showing the biomass and processes used in Zeafuels"
2131:
351:
306:
With genetically modified crops however, there are still some
9213:
List of largest biomedical companies by market capitalization
9073:
3000:"The Greenest Diet: Bacteria Switch to Eating Carbon Dioxide"
1789:
1318:
1297:
including oral "super stool" capsules) and databases (mainly
1001:
791:
767:
763:
624:
248:
240:
7655:
7278:
Verghese, Karli; Lewis, Hellen; Leanna, Fitzpatrick (2012).
5647:
5365:
In brief, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2018
5299:
5297:
1999:
Sustainable packaging# Alternatives to conventional plastics
1104:
560:
8787:
7192:
6815:
6645:
6591:"Nanoparticle chomps away plaques that cause heart attacks"
6280:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5192:
4995:
4993:
4898:
2065:
1810:
1602:, since the fuel is affordable, widely available, close to
1585:
1559:
The newer fuel systems for heating use either woodchips or
1285:-related products and activities, hygiene/beauty products,
1055:
1051:
971:
803:
799:
432:
associated with substantial global problems of detrimental
231:§ Medicine, nutritional science and the health economy
173:
156:
152:
6899:
6378:
5237:
4335:
4060:"Vertical Farms in Cities are the Future of Urban Farming"
3757:"China to make protein for livestock from carbon monoxide"
2714:
EnrĂquez-Cabot, Juan. "Genomics and the World's Economy."
2605:
2574:
Innovating for sustainable growth: a bioeconomy for Europe
2459:
8777:
8773:
7819:
7622:
6992:
Video Series on Bioeconomy – Bioplastics from Sugar Beets
6530:
6225:
5294:
4947:
4216:
Navarro, Laetitia M.; Pereira, Henrique M. (2012-09-01).
3258:
Union, Publications Office of the European (2017-06-09).
2668:. Arasto, Antti, Koljonen, Tiina, Similä, Lassi. . 2018.
1594:
is an attractive fuel for addressing the concerns of the
1544:
Woodchips have been traditionally used as solid fuel for
1066:, chemical feedstock (raw material), protein-rich animal/
5862:
5521:"New super-enzyme eats plastic bottles six times faster"
4990:
4344:"Yeast expression systems: Overview and recent advances"
4134:"The Future of Farming: Robots, Bees and Vertical Farms"
1943:
Bioplastics have been made from sugarbeet, by bacteria.
1723:
8315:
7883:"World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency 2021"
7597:
7479:
7267:. USDA Agricultural Research Service. January 22, 2010.
6791:"Probiotics help lab corals survive deadly heat stress"
6018:
5116:
4511:
4181:
Van Gerrewey, Thijs; Boon, Nico; Geelen, Danny (2022).
3940:
3938:
3919:"Going Up? Vertical Farming in High-Rises Raises Hopes"
3313:"Lab-grown coffee cuts out the beans and deforestation"
3031:
2975:"Building a circular bioeconomy with synthetic biology"
2264:
portrays a society driven by a ruthless bioeconomy and
1788:
that cause heart attacks. Synthetic micro-droplets for
1631:
and higher moisture content of woodchips reduces their
1606:
and thus climate-neutral in terms of carbon dioxide (CO
1350:
are also included in the concept of forest bioeconomy.
134:
6531:
Edmundson MC, Capeness M, Horsfall L (December 2014).
6019:
Lilja, Kari; Loukola-Ruskeeniem, Kirsti, eds. (2017).
5579:
5303:
4804:
4761:
4180:
3995:
Proceedings Pf the 4th Global Botanic Gardens Congress
3912:
3910:
3859:
3857:
3506:
3240:. The Finnish Ministry of Employment and the Economy.
2440:
2420:
1701:
or bio-based products are products that are made from
1653:
876:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
456:. The most well known cellular agriculture concept is
174:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
8652:
European Commission's Knowledge Centre for Bioeconomy
8405:
8159:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 65–84.
8002:
7400:, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, pp. 156–189, 2008,
7298:
5432:
4441:
2232:
Innovation management, public spending and governance
2169:
6617:"Nanoparticle helps eat away deadly arterial plaque"
6120:
Johnson, Kate; Dalton, Gordon; Masters, Ian (2018),
6119:
4841:
4585:"Mushroom meat substitutes: A brief patent overview"
4209:
4126:
4101:
4076:
4051:
4026:
4001:
3979:
3935:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2376:
1309:, can also be considered to be a bioeconomy sector.
1224:
Medicine, nutritional science and the health economy
1173:
For example, in 2020, biotechnologists reported the
7277:
7131:"Splinting material made from wood and bioplastics"
5911:
4892:
4766:genomics on industrial production of metabolites".
4668:"Cultivating Coveted Morels Year-Round and Indoors"
4150:
3907:
3883:
3854:
3600:
3437:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 357.
1154:Biobased applications, research and development of
415:products from cell cultures using a combination of
113:meeting. An excerpt of this paper was published in
4284:
4084:"AGRITECTURE - Vertical Farming Technology Trends"
3364:"Sustainable coffee grown in Finland – | VTT News"
1035:using upflowing air bubbles in small containers).
8412:Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions
7881:Ripple, William J.; et al. (July 28, 2021),
6560:20.500.11820/5cd4fa26-dee8-4862-86af-cf6a79546a13
4714:
4110:"Abandoned Coal Mines Could Be Future of Farming"
2721:
1584:, and the cost of woodchip fuel is comparable to
1514:manage intermittency of variable renewable energy
1493:Anaerobic digestion is generally used to produce
1150:Plastisphere § Degradation by microorganisms
1146:Polymer degradation § Biological degradation
9257:
8446:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6246:
4386:
1917:Bioplastics are divided into three main groups:
1687:
295:) it can be used as an input for other animals.
8447:Hinderer, Sebastian; Kuckertz, Andreas (2022).
8003:Newton, Peter; Blaustein-Rejto, Daniel (2021).
6021:Wood-Based Bioeconomy Solving Global Challenges
5999:Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland
5587:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5306:"Developing algae as a sustainable food source"
4810:
4685:
4013:Green Prophet | Impact News for the Middle East
3513:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2924:Review of the 2012 European Bioeconomy Strategy
2732:
2068:, which are found in milk. The films would be
1319:§ Climate change adaptation and mitigation
564:Lettuce grown in indoor vertical farming system
6696:
6593:. Michigan State University. 27 January 2020.
5356:
5119:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
5053:
4941:
4755:
4215:
3387:
3385:
3086:"Redesigned crops could produce far more fuel"
2813:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 64–67.
1931:Additionally, new materials such as PLA, PHA,
1713:Transplantable organs and induced regeneration
738:substitution and general fungal biotechnology.
8678:
7813:
6243:
5745:
3825:
3697:
3393:"Spider silk made by photosynthetic bacteria"
2189:Patents, intellectual property and monopolies
1960:
1792:or synergistic algal-bacterial multicellular
1158:may form a part of the bioeconomy. Bio-based
211:Genetically modified crops § By-products
6732:
6313:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5879:International Journal of Sustainable Economy
4392:
3951:Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy
3944:
3785:Journal of the American Dietetic Association
3134:
2434:
1988:
1769:
1409:Cellulosic ethanol § Production methods
3382:
3356:
3304:
2132:Degrowth, green growth and circular economy
1460:The biobased economy uses first-generation
1277:may overlap with the bioeconomy, including
8685:
8671:
7729:
7373:|...|intentional=yes}}
6101:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5812:
5518:
4665:
4218:"Rewilding Abandoned Landscapes in Europe"
3945:Benke, Kurt; Tomkins, Bruce (2017-01-01).
3211:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2955:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2696:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1946:
1821:Activities and technologies for bio-based
1322:
273:bacteria so as to allow them to consume CO
30:is economic activity involving the use of
16:Economic activity focused on biotechnology
8536:
8505:
8472:
8431:
8382:
8333:
8251:
8164:
8131:
8113:
8020:
7979:
7906:
7849:
7755:
7684:
7674:
7640:
7574:
7265:"Potential of Dairy-based Wraps Outlined"
7240:
6930:
6850:
6766:
6679:
6558:
6548:
6507:
6410:
6400:
5929:
5794:
5689:
5624:
5606:
5409:
5399:
5339:
5321:
5269:
5243:
5220:
5210:
5085:
5013:
4973:
4875:
4847:
4694:Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology
4642:
4480:
4462:
4361:
4318:
4241:
4200:
3970:
3724:
3648:
3550:
3532:
3458:
3060:
3050:
2750:
2631:
2477:
2414:
1768:creating nanoparticles which can be used
1199:and also of PEF, which may be useful for
1105:Waste management, recycling and biomining
907:Learn how and when to remove this message
452:. Cellular agriculture is a field of the
8718:Competitions and prizes in biotechnology
8351:"Cultured Meat: Promises and Challenges"
8318:"Transition to a Sustainable Bioeconomy"
8095:
7956:"Cultured Meat: Promises and Challenges"
7702:
6289:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
5519:Carrington, Damian (28 September 2020).
5162:Food Enrichment with Omega-3 Fatty Acids
4107:
3330:
2224:– the bioeconomy may lead to aggressive
2033:
1811:Climate change adaptation and mitigation
1799:, for example, could be used to produce
1532:
1519:
1301:), all of which can in turn be used for
1214:microorganisms could be employed to mine
977:
965:
948:
918:
790:) is an essential ingredient in brewing
766:and other wheat-based products, such as
762:, a unicellular fungus, is used to make
669:
559:
490:Cell-free artificial synthesis (e.g. of
398:Cellular agriculture § Applications
383:
41:
8282:
8224:Science, Technology, & Human Values
8043:
7789:
7787:
7785:
7783:
7698:
7696:
7084:
5159:
4290:
4183:"Vertical Farming: The Only Way Is Up?"
3985:
2735:"The Bioeconomy in Europe: An Overview"
2612:Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research
784:through fermentation. Shoyu koji mold (
717:drugs. Methods have been developed for
204:
9258:
8581:
8571:from the original on October 29, 2021.
8348:
7960:Environmental & Resource Economics
7953:
7880:
7555:Sustainable Materials and Technologies
7524:"Sustainable textiles made from fungi"
7388:
7386:
7384:
7284:. London: Springer. pp. 156–163.
6962:
6960:
6958:
6903:Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
6201:"4. Bioenergy conversion technologies"
6166:
6164:
4264:
4057:
3916:
3863:
3310:
2733:McCormick, Kes; Kautto, Niina (2013).
2200:The medical community has warned that
1836:
1216:useful elements from basalt rocks via
265:Research is also being done towards CO
96:
8666:
8487:
8453:Business Strategy and the Environment
8217:
8154:
8009:Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
7058:
6714:from the original on 16 December 2020
5989:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5492:
4608:
3870:ATTRA Sustainable Agriculture Program
3257:
2808:
1724:Microtechnology (medicine and energy)
1617:Woodchips § Comparison to other fuels
1078:, and can also be used as a means of
923:Mycoprotein prepared and served as a
530:crops could be genetically engineered
251:using genetically modified microbes.
9238:
8567:. Naval War College – Newport, R.I.
8562:
8355:Environmental and Resource Economics
8096:Hamilton, Chris (15 December 2008).
7780:
7693:
6597:from the original on 29 January 2020
5733:from the original on 7 December 2020
5561:from the original on 11 October 2020
5531:from the original on 12 October 2020
4691:
2523:
2521:
1872:
1312:
1227:
1108:
1000:involving the farming of species of
861:
101:The term 'biotechonomy' was used by
7730:Giampietro, Mario (1 August 2019).
7460:
7381:
6955:
6161:
6126:, River Publisher, pp. 1–516,
5250:Circular Economy and Sustainability
2254:– so called due to similarity with
2246:
1654:Getting the most out of the biomass
546:
13:
8588:WWU Honors College Senior Projects
8287:. Palgrave Macmillan UK: 245–264.
8157:Bioeconomy and Global Inequalities
7703:Pietzsch, Joachim (6 March 2020).
6172:"Global bioenergy statistics 2019"
5980:
5493:Mitha, Farhan (18 November 2020).
4725:evolve to become a good brewer?".
4666:Katsnelson, Alla (26 April 2022).
3403:from the original on 7 August 2020
3311:Lavars, Nick (20 September 2021).
3083:
2170:Unemployment and work reallocation
1637:Woodchips are less expensive than
1497:, fermentation of sugars produces
1368:
573:controlled-environment agriculture
388:Presentation of the world's first
14:
9297:
8692:
8644:
7394:"Textiles Used in Fashion Design"
6627:from the original on 1 March 2020
5720:
4954:Current Developments in Nutrition
4265:Harvey, Dave (20 February 2024).
2910:White House Promotes a Bioeconomy
2518:
1843:algaculture carbon sequestration
1269:In 2020, the global industry for
953:A microalgae cultivation facility
9237:
9226:
9225:
8726:
8600:
8594:
8582:Farver, Kenneth (1 April 2019).
8575:
8563:Aune, Clayton J. (7 June 2019).
8556:
8537:Robertson, Adi (18 April 2017).
8530:
8481:
8440:
8399:
8342:
8309:
8276:
8211:
8148:
8089:
8080:
8037:
7996:
7947:
7921:
7874:
7723:
7649:
7616:
7591:
7542:
7516:
7473:
7454:
7428:
7271:
7257:
7167:
7157:"Revolutionary casting material"
7149:
7123:
7097:
7078:
7052:
7023:
6997:
6985:
6893:
6867:
6809:
6783:
6726:
6639:
6609:
6583:
6524:
6475:
6427:
6372:
6363:
6321:
6218:
6193:
6113:
6061:
4814:Critical Reviews in Microbiology
4450:Fungal Biology and Biotechnology
3247:from the original on 2015-05-05.
2393:
2379:
1846:
1615:This section is an excerpt from
1548:or in energy plants to generate
1525:This section is an excerpt from
1231:
1181:, first discovered in 2016, and
1112:
958:This section is an excerpt from
887:. Please discuss further on the
866:
854:This section is an excerpt from
746:This section is an excerpt from
662:This section is an excerpt from
552:This section is an excerpt from
226:
9203:Index of biotechnology articles
7085:Pasanen, Teemu (17 June 2017).
6037:
6012:
5954:
5905:
5837:
5714:
5641:
5573:
5543:
5512:
5486:
5426:
5375:
5186:
5153:
5110:
4659:
4627:10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.02.10
4602:
4575:
4550:
4505:
4435:
4174:
3819:
3775:
3749:
3691:
3665:
3575:
3500:
3475:
3251:
3223:
3171:
3128:
3103:
3077:
3025:
3014:
2992:
2967:
2915:
2903:
2873:
2852:
2827:
2802:
2789:
2780:
2759:
2127:Synthetic biology § Ethics
2091:Environmental impact of fashion
1512:Biobased energy can be used to
1501:, pyrolysis is used to produce
1046:(as algal oil) or natural food
650:
9208:List of biotechnology articles
8349:Treich, Nicolas (1 May 2021).
7757:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.05.001
5244:Venkatesh, G. (1 March 2022).
5030:News article about the study:
4848:Jørgensen TR (December 2007).
4311:10.1128/MMBR.53.1.148-170.1989
4108:Grossman, David (2018-12-03).
3917:Cooper, Arnie (14 June 2017).
2718:281 (14 August 1998): 925-926.
2708:
2656:
2599:
2565:
2494:
2453:
1893:
944:
848:
357:
135:First Global Bioeconomy Summit
71:
1:
9052:Genetically modified organism
8819:Biotechnology industrial park
8507:10.1080/14688417.2020.1752509
8488:Idema, Tom (2 January 2020).
7350:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137726
7323:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120726
7311:Journal of Cleaner Production
7059:Haimi, Suvi (25 April 2017).
6369:Kijk magazine, number 8, 2011
6181:. World Bioenergy Association
6049:Maa- ja metsätalousministeriö
5931:10.1080/14636778.2019.1637721
4609:Lange, Lene (December 2014).
3972:10.1080/15487733.2017.1394054
3864:Birkby, Jeff (January 2016).
2633:10.1080/02827581.2021.1996629
2407:
2054:Agricultural Research Service
1688:Other fields and applications
1417:The bioeconomy also includes
816:. Several of these fungi are
774:. Yeast species of the genus
523:sustainable aquacultural feed
411:focuses on the production of
372:Pesticide § Alternatives
286:has been genetically modified
215:Genetically modified organism
9271:Alternative energy economics
8102:Genomics, Society and Policy
7576:10.1016/j.susmat.2021.e00256
7406:10.5040/9781474218214.ch-006
7281:Packaging for Sustainability
6972:www.european-bioplastics.org
6509:10.1016/j.envdev.2015.03.006
6352:VTHR Green wood Chip Furnace
5456:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.12.013
5131:10.1080/10408398.2011.596292
4877:10.4315/0362-028X-70.12.2916
4086:. 2015-06-11. Archived from
4036:. 2012-10-27. Archived from
3986:Fredani, Kevin (June 2010).
1880:
1323:§ Woodchips and pellets
1303:individualized interventions
812:species are used for making
734:including use for textiles,
105:and Rodrigo Martinez at the
7:
9042:Environmental biotechnology
8166:10.1007/978-3-030-68944-5_4
5170:10.1533/9780857098863.4.389
5087:10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.017
4906:Fungal Genetics and Biology
3828:Journal of Functional Foods
2885:www.duurzameenergiethuis.nl
2881:"TransIP - Reserved domain"
2538:10.13140/RG.2.2.36049.94560
2288:
2268:. In the more recent novel
2266:ailing under climate change
2084:
1870:
1844:
1834:
1438:World Bioenergy Association
10:
9302:
8433:10.1016/j.eist.2020.10.003
8367:10.1007/s10640-021-00551-3
8218:Birch, Kean (1 May 2017).
7972:10.1007/s10640-021-00551-3
7494:10.1038/s41893-020-00606-1
7225:10.1038/s41467-021-23813-6
6923:10.1038/s43017-021-00224-1
6759:10.1038/s41467-020-19823-5
6301:10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.016
5779:10.1038/s41467-020-19276-w
5674:10.1038/s41467-021-26508-0
5271:10.1007/s43615-021-00084-3
4863:Journal of Food Protection
4528:10.1038/s41893-020-00606-1
4464:10.1186/s40694-020-00095-z
4363:10.1007/s12033-019-00164-8
3797:10.1016/j.jada.2008.04.020
3633:10.1038/s41467-021-23813-6
3039:Biotechnology for Biofuels
2235:
2176:Technological unemployment
2173:
2135:
2124:
2088:
2020:
2014:
1992:
1961:Examples of bio-composites
1814:
1749:
1727:
1716:
1691:
1614:
1524:
1402:
1372:
1316:
1262:
1143:
957:
853:
745:
661:
654:
551:
395:
361:
208:
141:
9221:
9195:
9102:
8982:
8912:
8861:
8852:
8811:
8756:
8735:
8724:
8713:Timeline of biotechnology
8700:
8022:10.3389/fsufs.2021.624270
7851:10.1038/s41558-020-0883-0
6672:10.1038/s41565-019-0619-3
6550:10.1016/j.nbt.2014.03.004
6488:Environmental Development
6402:10.3390/molecules27228105
6132:10.13052/rp-9788793609259
5323:10.3389/fnut.2022.1029841
4827:10.3109/10408419309113527
4782:10.1007/s11046-006-0049-2
4741:10.1016/j.tig.2006.02.002
4413:10.1007/s10529-008-9663-z
4293:"Transformation in fungi"
4291:Fincham JR (March 1989).
4243:10.1007/s10021-012-9558-7
3840:10.1016/j.jff.2014.06.023
3443:10.1038/s42003-020-1099-6
3149:10.1007/s11248-007-9122-y
3052:10.1186/s13068-017-0793-1
2361:Timeline of biotechnology
2274:human genetic enhancement
2120:
1989:For sustainable packaging
1829:reforestation (alongside
1823:climate change adaptation
1764:Synthetic biology can be
1694:Timeline of biotechnology
1623:Woodchips are similar to
1398:
802:, and the preparation of
780:are also used to produce
707:production of antibiotics
313:
258:. Biofuels are a type of
9069:Microbial biodegradation
8748:Industrial biotechnology
8708:History of biotechnology
8293:10.1057/9780230249486_12
8285:Global Health Governance
8236:10.1177/0162243916661633
8115:10.1186/1746-5354-4-3-26
7954:Treich, Nicolas (2021).
7706:Bioeconomy for Beginners
5918:New Genetics and Society
5891:10.1504/IJSE.2015.066408
5015:10.5670/oceanog.2022.213
4395:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4202:10.3390/agronomy12010002
3895:www.mailman.columbia.edu
1752:Brain–computer interface
1667:fine chemicals/medicines
759:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
732:research and development
676:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
380:Regenerative agriculture
9281:Sustainable development
8743:Colors of biotechnology
8046:Nature Reviews Genetics
7031:"Fact sheet of PAPTIC®"
6968:"What are bioplastics?"
5845:"The global bioeconomy"
5608:10.1073/pnas.2006753117
4349:Molecular Biotechnology
4298:Microbiological Reviews
3726:10.1126/science.abh4049
3534:10.1073/pnas.2015025118
2356:Straw-bale construction
2153:monopoly-concentrations
2041:A plant proteins-based
1947:Examples of bioplastics
1375:Ocean § Protection
1098:sustainable food system
748:Fungus § Cultured foods
478:Microbial food cultures
402:Sustainable food system
376:Agricultural technology
195:
91:sustainable development
9276:Industries (economics)
9137:Biomedical engineering
8844:Pharmaceutical company
8824:Biotechnology products
8628:Cite journal requires
7899:10.1093/biosci/biab079
6843:10.1126/sciadv.abg3088
6467:: CS1 maint: others (
5310:Frontiers in Nutrition
4919:10.1006/fgbi.1997.1018
3431:Communications Biology
3261:Bioeconomy report 2016
2553:Cite journal requires
2311:Cross-laminated timber
2220:and timely, efficient
2038:
1817:Nature-based solutions
1786:atherosclerotic plaque
1541:
1175:genetically engineered
990:
975:
954:
940:for human consumption.
927:
683:
565:
393:
352:Bioeconomy Report 2016
280:One of the organisms (
186:president Barack Obama
64:
7830:Nature Climate Change
7482:Nature Sustainability
7365:|...}}
7344:(Retracted, see
7205:Nature Communications
6739:Nature Communications
6652:Nature Nanotechnology
6436:Primer on bioproducts
6105:) CS1 maint: others (
5759:Nature Communications
5654:Nature Communications
4515:Nature Sustainability
4400:Biotechnology Letters
4058:Meghna (2017-06-20).
3613:Nature Communications
3215:) CS1 maint: others (
2959:) CS1 maint: others (
2700:) CS1 maint: others (
2174:Further information:
2136:Further information:
2037:
2023:Biodegradable plastic
1908:biodegradable plastic
1673:chemicals/bioplastics
1536:
1520:Woodchips and pellets
1516:like solar and wind.
1373:Further information:
1328:The forest bioeconomy
1317:Further information:
1293:) and banks (such as
1011:(also referred to as
981:
969:
952:
922:
885:neutral point of view
723:metabolic engineering
673:
563:
519:insect-based pet food
485:plastics alternatives
434:environmental impacts
396:Further information:
387:
54:
9162:Chemical engineering
9025:Reproductive cloning
8889:Hybridoma technology
8839:Human Genome Project
7736:Ecological Economics
7467:Smithsonian Magazine
7461:Gamillo, Elizabeth.
7398:Textiles and Fashion
6329:"wood-chip-standard"
2809:Birch, Kean (2019).
2799:, June 2003. p. 160.
1679:electricity and heat
1413:Ethanol fermentation
1344:Carbon sequestration
1188:Ideonella sakaiensis
1087:carbon sequestration
1027:, commonly known as
715:cholesterol-lowering
640:non-renewable energy
408:Cellular agriculture
282:Ideonella sakaiensis
205:Genetic modification
9047:Genetic engineering
9030:Therapeutic cloning
9010:Bionic architecture
8990:Animal cell culture
8757:Biological concepts
8424:2020EIST...37..332K
7842:2020NatCC..10..913F
7748:2019EcoEc.162..143G
7709:. Springer Nature.
7567:2021SusMT..2800256S
7217:2021NatCo..12.3529K
7161:woodcastmedical.com
7009:Bloom-bioeconomy.eu
6915:2021NRvEE...2..826M
6835:2021SciA....7.3088S
6751:2020NatCo..11.5985X
6664:2020NatNa..15..154F
6623:. 28 January 2020.
6500:2015EnvDe..15....3S
6266:A&S Enterprises
5826:. San Francisco, CA
5824:Grand View Research
5771:2020NatCo..11.5523C
5666:2021NatCo..12.6244G
5599:2020PNAS..11725476K
5593:(41): 25476–25485.
5448:2021WaMan.121..175I
5262:2022CirES...2..231V
5078:2017AlgRe..26...39H
4234:2012Ecosy..15..900N
3963:2017SSPP...13...13B
3717:2021Sci...373.1523C
3711:(6562): 1523–1527.
3679:. 28 September 2021
3625:2021NatCo..12.3529K
3525:2021PNAS..11815025L
3519:(26): e2015025118.
3370:. 15 September 2021
3368:www.vttresearch.com
3021:Diet for the planet
2624:2021SJFR...36..639R
2366:Wood frame building
2346:Single-cell protein
2326:European Green Deal
2218:technology transfer
2164:technological fixes
2160:utopianism/optimism
2052:Researchers at the
1473:Anaerobic digestion
1271:dietary supplements
1044:omega-3 fatty acids
934:single-cell protein
782:alcoholic beverages
721:of fungi, enabling
719:genetic engineering
308:challenges involved
260:carbon-neutral fuel
97:Earlier definitions
9103:Interdisciplinary
9057:Molecular genetics
8803:Selective breeding
8335:10.3390/SU13158232
7676:10.3390/su13063379
7528:cosmosmagazine.com
7442:. 12 November 2015
7137:. 14 December 2016
7038:ec.europa.eu/easme
6357:2008-01-19 at the
6333:wood-chip-standard
6179:worldbioenergy.org
5995:"Green bioeconomy"
5401:10.3390/pr10010175
4966:10.1093/cdn/nzz021
4901:Fusarium venenatum
4852:Aspergillus oryzae
4764:Aspergillus oryzae
4728:Trends in Genetics
4672:The New York Times
4040:on 27 October 2012
3866:"Vertical Farming"
3002:. 27 November 2019
2839:biooekonomierat.de
2238:Strategic planning
2226:monopoly-formation
2058:synthetic polymers
2039:
1797:microbial reactors
1760:Precision medicine
1542:
1348:ecosystem services
1243:. You can help by
1168:plastics recycling
1124:. You can help by
991:
976:
970:A seaweed farm in
955:
928:
841:Fusarium venenatum
820:species that were
787:Aspergillus oryzae
691:mushroom gathering
684:
664:Fungus § Human use
592:Dickson Despommier
566:
438:of meat production
421:tissue engineering
394:
227:§ Agriculture
223:Cellulosic ethanol
165:magazine in 2003.
65:
9253:
9252:
9182:Nanobiotechnology
9177:Molecular biology
8978:
8977:
8829:Biotechnology law
8302:978-1-349-30228-4
8176:978-3-030-68943-8
7935:. 16 October 2021
7716:978-3-662-60390-1
7642:10.3390/su9040669
7415:978-1-4742-1821-4
6881:. 5 November 2021
6537:New Biotechnology
6446:978-0-919764-57-6
6141:978-87-93609-25-9
6080:978-92-9202-730-8
6045:"Blue bioeconomy"
6030:978-952-327-215-6
5212:10.3390/nu5041301
5179:978-0-85709-428-5
5039:. 20 October 2022
4856:Aspergillus sojae
4707:978-0-8247-8294-8
4114:Popular Mechanics
3763:. 1 November 2021
3344:. 16 October 2021
3190:978-92-79-94144-3
2934:978-92-79-74382-5
2820:978-3-319-91424-4
2752:10.3390/su5062589
2675:978-951-38-8699-8
2584:978-92-79-25376-8
2479:10.3390/su5062751
2401:Technology portal
1904:bio-based plastic
1831:forest protection
1770:for drug-delivery
1734:Synthetic biology
1575:Coal power plants
1313:Forest bioeconomy
1265:Personal genomics
1261:
1260:
1142:
1141:
1080:pollution control
917:
916:
909:
880:with its subject.
679:cells shown with
429:synthetic biology
425:molecular biology
364:Food microbiology
87:biodiversity loss
52:
9293:
9286:Economy by field
9241:
9240:
9229:
9228:
9079:Pharmacogenomics
8859:
8858:
8853:Basic techniques
8834:Green Revolution
8812:General concepts
8730:
8687:
8680:
8673:
8664:
8663:
8654:
8638:
8637:
8631:
8626:
8624:
8616:
8614:
8612:
8607:
8598:
8592:
8591:
8579:
8573:
8572:
8560:
8554:
8553:
8551:
8549:
8534:
8528:
8527:
8509:
8485:
8479:
8478:
8476:
8465:10.1002/BSE.3056
8459:(7): 2947–2963.
8444:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8403:
8397:
8396:
8386:
8346:
8340:
8339:
8337:
8313:
8307:
8306:
8280:
8274:
8273:
8255:
8215:
8209:
8208:
8202:
8198:
8196:
8188:
8168:
8152:
8146:
8145:
8135:
8117:
8093:
8087:
8084:
8078:
8077:
8041:
8035:
8034:
8024:
8000:
7994:
7993:
7983:
7951:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7940:
7925:
7919:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7910:
7878:
7872:
7871:
7853:
7817:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7806:
7791:
7778:
7777:
7759:
7727:
7721:
7720:
7700:
7691:
7690:
7688:
7678:
7653:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7620:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7610:
7595:
7589:
7588:
7578:
7546:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7520:
7514:
7513:
7477:
7471:
7470:
7458:
7452:
7451:
7449:
7447:
7432:
7426:
7424:
7423:
7422:
7390:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7374:
7366:
7355:Retraction Watch
7342:
7302:
7296:
7295:
7275:
7269:
7268:
7261:
7255:
7254:
7244:
7196:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7171:
7165:
7164:
7153:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7142:
7127:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7116:
7101:
7095:
7094:
7082:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7056:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7045:
7035:
7027:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7016:
7001:
6995:
6989:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6978:
6964:
6953:
6952:
6934:
6897:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6886:
6871:
6865:
6864:
6854:
6823:Science Advances
6813:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6797:. 13 August 2021
6787:
6781:
6780:
6770:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6700:
6694:
6693:
6683:
6643:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6632:
6613:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6602:
6587:
6581:
6580:
6562:
6552:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6511:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6466:
6458:
6431:
6425:
6424:
6414:
6404:
6376:
6370:
6367:
6361:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6325:
6319:
6318:
6312:
6304:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6258:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6236:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6197:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6176:
6168:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6156:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6100:
6092:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6041:
6035:
6034:
6016:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6005:
5991:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5973:
5968:. 2 January 2022
5958:
5952:
5951:
5933:
5909:
5903:
5902:
5873:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5798:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5693:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5628:
5610:
5577:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5490:
5484:
5483:
5436:Waste Management
5430:
5424:
5423:
5413:
5403:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5360:
5354:
5353:
5343:
5325:
5301:
5292:
5291:
5273:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5224:
5214:
5205:(4): 1301–1315.
5190:
5184:
5183:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5089:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5027:
5017:
4997:
4988:
4987:
4977:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4879:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4646:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4484:
4466:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4365:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4322:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4245:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4064:Evolving Science
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3992:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3942:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3923:Pacific Standard
3914:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3861:
3852:
3851:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3791:(7): 1204–1209.
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3728:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3652:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3554:
3536:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3462:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3389:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3235:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3210:
3202:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3054:
3029:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2946:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2887:. Archived from
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2806:
2800:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2745:(6): 2589–2608.
2730:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2695:
2687:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2635:
2618:(7–8): 639–654.
2603:
2597:
2596:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2472:(6): 2751–2769.
2457:
2451:
2450:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2418:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2389:
2384:
2383:
2247:In popular media
2157:technocapitalist
2097:textile industry
2012:
1993:This section is
1937:biodegradability
1876:
1850:
1840:
1805:hydrogen economy
1747:
1728:This section is
1554:renewable energy
1527:Woodchips § Fuel
1386:In the European
1256:
1253:
1235:
1228:
1193:depolymerization
1156:waste management
1137:
1134:
1116:
1109:
1021:planktonic algae
912:
905:
901:
898:
892:
878:close connection
870:
869:
862:
709:, vitamins, and
699:natural products
687:Mushroom farming
569:Vertical farming
554:Vertical farming
547:Vertical farming
507:milk substitutes
471:synthetic coffee
454:biobased economy
350:According to EU
291:Tenebrio molitor
107:Genomics Seminar
53:
20:Biobased economy
9301:
9300:
9296:
9295:
9294:
9292:
9291:
9290:
9256:
9255:
9254:
9249:
9217:
9191:
9132:Biopharmacology
9104:
9098:
8974:
8945:Electrophoresis
8940:Kidney dialysis
8930:Crystallization
8908:
8854:
8848:
8807:
8752:
8731:
8722:
8696:
8691:
8650:
8647:
8642:
8641:
8629:
8627:
8618:
8617:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8601:Mohr, Dunja M.
8599:
8595:
8580:
8576:
8561:
8557:
8547:
8545:
8535:
8531:
8486:
8482:
8445:
8441:
8404:
8400:
8347:
8343:
8314:
8310:
8303:
8281:
8277:
8216:
8212:
8200:
8199:
8190:
8189:
8177:
8153:
8149:
8094:
8090:
8085:
8081:
8042:
8038:
8001:
7997:
7952:
7948:
7938:
7936:
7927:
7926:
7922:
7913:
7911:
7879:
7875:
7836:(10): 913–919.
7818:
7814:
7804:
7802:
7793:
7792:
7781:
7728:
7724:
7717:
7701:
7694:
7654:
7650:
7621:
7617:
7608:
7606:
7596:
7592:
7547:
7543:
7533:
7531:
7530:. 23 March 2022
7522:
7521:
7517:
7478:
7474:
7459:
7455:
7445:
7443:
7434:
7433:
7429:
7420:
7418:
7416:
7392:
7391:
7382:
7368:
7360:
7358:
7343:
7303:
7299:
7292:
7276:
7272:
7263:
7262:
7258:
7197:
7193:
7183:
7181:
7173:
7172:
7168:
7155:
7154:
7150:
7140:
7138:
7129:
7128:
7124:
7114:
7112:
7103:
7102:
7098:
7083:
7079:
7069:
7067:
7057:
7053:
7043:
7041:
7033:
7029:
7028:
7024:
7014:
7012:
7003:
7002:
6998:
6990:
6986:
6976:
6974:
6966:
6965:
6956:
6909:(12): 826–839.
6898:
6894:
6884:
6882:
6873:
6872:
6868:
6814:
6810:
6800:
6798:
6789:
6788:
6784:
6731:
6727:
6717:
6715:
6702:
6701:
6697:
6644:
6640:
6630:
6628:
6615:
6614:
6610:
6600:
6598:
6589:
6588:
6584:
6529:
6525:
6480:
6476:
6460:
6459:
6447:
6433:
6432:
6428:
6377:
6373:
6368:
6364:
6359:Wayback Machine
6350:
6346:
6337:
6335:
6327:
6326:
6322:
6306:
6305:
6285:
6281:
6271:
6269:
6260:
6259:
6244:
6234:
6232:
6224:
6223:
6219:
6209:
6207:
6199:
6198:
6194:
6184:
6182:
6174:
6170:
6169:
6162:
6154:
6152:
6142:
6118:
6114:
6094:
6093:
6081:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6053:
6051:
6043:
6042:
6038:
6031:
6017:
6013:
6003:
6001:
5993:
5992:
5981:
5971:
5969:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5910:
5906:
5874:
5863:
5853:
5851:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5829:
5827:
5818:
5817:
5813:
5750:
5746:
5736:
5734:
5719:
5715:
5646:
5642:
5578:
5574:
5564:
5562:
5549:
5548:
5544:
5534:
5532:
5517:
5513:
5503:
5501:
5491:
5487:
5431:
5427:
5380:
5376:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5302:
5295:
5242:
5238:
5191:
5187:
5180:
5158:
5154:
5115:
5111:
5058:
5054:
5042:
5040:
5031:
4998:
4991:
4946:
4942:
4897:
4893:
4870:(12): 2916–34.
4846:
4842:
4809:
4805:
4760:
4756:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4692:Kulp K (2000).
4690:
4686:
4676:
4674:
4664:
4660:
4607:
4603:
4593:
4591:
4580:
4576:
4566:
4564:
4562:biooekonomie.de
4556:
4555:
4551:
4510:
4506:
4440:
4436:
4391:
4387:
4340:
4336:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4273:
4263:
4259:
4214:
4210:
4179:
4175:
4166:
4164:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4142:
4140:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4118:
4116:
4106:
4102:
4093:
4091:
4090:on 11 June 2015
4082:
4081:
4077:
4068:
4066:
4056:
4052:
4043:
4041:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4018:
4016:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3990:
3984:
3980:
3943:
3936:
3927:
3925:
3915:
3908:
3899:
3897:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3862:
3855:
3824:
3820:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3696:
3692:
3682:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3605:
3601:
3591:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3489:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3423:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3309:
3305:
3293:
3292:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3204:
3203:
3191:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3082:
3078:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2948:
2947:
2935:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2891:on Apr 26, 2012
2879:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2807:
2803:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2731:
2722:
2713:
2709:
2689:
2688:
2676:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2604:
2600:
2585:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2526:
2519:
2510:
2508:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2458:
2454:
2439:
2435:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2351:Synthetic ivory
2341:Open innovation
2321:Digital economy
2291:
2261:The Windup Girl
2249:
2240:
2234:
2191:
2183:economic system
2178:
2172:
2145:Paris Agreement
2140:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2093:
2087:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2002:
1991:
1963:
1949:
1896:
1883:
1858:restoration of
1819:
1813:
1807:biotechnology.
1774:synthetic cells
1762:
1748:
1737:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1696:
1690:
1676:transport fuels
1656:
1651:
1650:
1633:calorific value
1620:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1530:
1522:
1415:
1401:
1377:
1371:
1369:Blue bioeconomy
1355:forest industry
1325:
1315:
1287:functional food
1267:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1241:needs expansion
1226:
1152:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1122:needs expansion
1107:
1102:
1101:
1072:pharmaceuticals
1033:algae scrubbers
982:Algaculture in
963:
947:
942:
941:
913:
902:
896:
893:
882:
871:
867:
859:
851:
846:
845:
838:, is made from
836:meat substitute
751:
740:
739:
667:
659:
653:
648:
647:
557:
549:
499:imitation foods
463:Full article...
404:
382:
360:
316:
276:
268:
233:
207:
198:
144:
99:
74:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9299:
9289:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9251:
9250:
9248:
9247:
9235:
9222:
9219:
9218:
9216:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9199:
9197:
9193:
9192:
9190:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9122:Bioengineering
9119:
9117:Bioelectronics
9114:
9108:
9106:
9100:
9099:
9097:
9096:
9094:Tissue culture
9091:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9060:
9059:
9054:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9033:
9032:
9027:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
9000:Bioinformatics
8997:
8995:Biofabrication
8992:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8979:
8976:
8975:
8973:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8935:Chromatography
8932:
8927:
8922:
8920:Centrifugation
8916:
8914:
8913:Chemical field
8910:
8909:
8907:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8884:Flow cytometry
8881:
8876:
8871:
8865:
8863:
8856:
8850:
8849:
8847:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8815:
8813:
8809:
8808:
8806:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8771:
8766:
8760:
8758:
8754:
8753:
8751:
8750:
8745:
8739:
8737:
8733:
8732:
8725:
8723:
8721:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8704:
8702:
8698:
8697:
8690:
8689:
8682:
8675:
8667:
8661:
8660:
8655:
8646:
8645:External links
8643:
8640:
8639:
8630:|journal=
8593:
8574:
8555:
8529:
8480:
8439:
8398:
8341:
8322:Sustainability
8308:
8301:
8275:
8230:(3): 460–490.
8210:
8201:|journal=
8175:
8147:
8088:
8079:
8058:10.1038/nrg909
8036:
7995:
7946:
7920:
7893:(9): 894–898,
7873:
7812:
7801:. 29 July 2021
7779:
7722:
7715:
7692:
7663:Sustainability
7648:
7629:Sustainability
7615:
7604:www.theseus.fi
7590:
7541:
7515:
7472:
7453:
7427:
7414:
7380:
7297:
7290:
7270:
7256:
7191:
7166:
7148:
7122:
7096:
7077:
7051:
7022:
7011:. 16 July 2020
6996:
6984:
6954:
6892:
6866:
6808:
6782:
6725:
6695:
6658:(2): 154–161.
6638:
6608:
6582:
6543:(6): 572–578.
6523:
6474:
6445:
6426:
6371:
6362:
6344:
6320:
6279:
6262:"Wooden Chips"
6242:
6217:
6192:
6160:
6140:
6112:
6079:
6060:
6036:
6029:
6011:
5979:
5953:
5924:(3): 331–351.
5904:
5861:
5836:
5811:
5744:
5713:
5640:
5572:
5542:
5511:
5485:
5425:
5374:
5355:
5293:
5256:(1): 231–279.
5236:
5185:
5178:
5152:
5125:(5): 572–579.
5109:
5066:Algal Research
5052:
5050:
5049:
4989:
4940:
4891:
4840:
4803:
4769:Mycopathologia
4754:
4713:
4706:
4684:
4658:
4621:(2): 463–471.
4601:
4574:
4549:
4504:
4434:
4407:(7): 1121–37.
4385:
4356:(5): 365–384.
4334:
4283:
4257:
4228:(6): 900–912.
4208:
4173:
4149:
4125:
4100:
4075:
4050:
4025:
4000:
3978:
3934:
3906:
3882:
3853:
3818:
3774:
3748:
3690:
3664:
3599:
3574:
3499:
3474:
3414:
3381:
3355:
3329:
3303:
3294:|website=
3270:
3250:
3222:
3189:
3170:
3137:Transgenic Res
3127:
3115:www.nature.com
3102:
3076:
3024:
3013:
2991:
2966:
2933:
2914:
2912:April 26, 2012
2902:
2872:
2851:
2826:
2819:
2801:
2788:
2779:
2758:
2739:Sustainability
2720:
2707:
2674:
2655:
2598:
2583:
2564:
2555:|journal=
2517:
2493:
2466:Sustainability
2452:
2433:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2390:
2387:Biology portal
2374:
2373:
2371:Working animal
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2296:Bioremediation
2292:
2290:
2287:
2248:
2245:
2233:
2230:
2190:
2187:
2171:
2168:
2162:that suggests
2133:
2130:
2122:
2119:
2104:biofabrication
2086:
2083:
2021:Main article:
2015:Main article:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1948:
1945:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1895:
1892:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1856:
1851:
1841:
1812:
1809:
1725:
1722:
1717:Main article:
1714:
1711:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1655:
1652:
1621:
1613:
1607:
1604:carbon neutral
1600:climate change
1550:electric power
1531:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1400:
1397:
1370:
1367:
1314:
1311:
1283:life extension
1275:health economy
1259:
1258:
1238:
1236:
1225:
1222:
1140:
1139:
1119:
1117:
1106:
1103:
1040:nutraceuticals
984:Kibbutz Ketura
964:
956:
946:
943:
915:
914:
874:
872:
865:
860:
852:
850:
847:
752:
744:
727:pharmaceutical
681:DIC microscopy
668:
660:
652:
649:
558:
550:
548:
545:
515:livestock feed
511:
510:
503:meat analogues
495:
488:
481:
442:animal welfare
359:
356:
337:sustainability
315:
312:
274:
266:
206:
203:
197:
194:
170:European Union
143:
140:
98:
95:
73:
70:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9298:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9266:Biotechnology
9264:
9263:
9261:
9246:
9245:
9236:
9234:
9233:
9224:
9223:
9220:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9200:
9198:
9194:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9175:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9109:
9107:
9101:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9049:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9022:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9015:Cell immunity
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8981:
8971:
8970:Sedimentation
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8917:
8915:
8911:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8879:Cultured meat
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8866:
8864:
8862:Biology field
8860:
8857:
8851:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8816:
8814:
8810:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8759:
8755:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8734:
8729:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8705:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8694:Biotechnology
8688:
8683:
8681:
8676:
8674:
8669:
8668:
8665:
8659:
8656:
8653:
8649:
8648:
8635:
8622:
8604:
8597:
8589:
8585:
8578:
8570:
8566:
8559:
8544:
8540:
8533:
8525:
8521:
8517:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8499:
8495:
8494:Green Letters
8491:
8484:
8475:
8470:
8466:
8462:
8458:
8454:
8450:
8443:
8434:
8429:
8425:
8421:
8417:
8413:
8409:
8402:
8394:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8376:
8372:
8368:
8364:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8345:
8336:
8331:
8327:
8323:
8319:
8312:
8304:
8298:
8294:
8290:
8286:
8279:
8271:
8267:
8263:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8245:
8241:
8237:
8233:
8229:
8225:
8221:
8214:
8206:
8194:
8186:
8182:
8178:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8158:
8151:
8143:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8107:
8103:
8099:
8092:
8083:
8075:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8055:
8052:(10): 803–8.
8051:
8047:
8040:
8032:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8014:
8010:
8006:
7999:
7991:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7973:
7969:
7965:
7961:
7957:
7950:
7934:
7930:
7924:
7909:
7904:
7900:
7896:
7892:
7888:
7884:
7877:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7822:Rogelj, Joeri
7816:
7800:
7796:
7790:
7788:
7786:
7784:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7726:
7718:
7712:
7708:
7707:
7699:
7697:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7652:
7643:
7638:
7634:
7630:
7626:
7619:
7605:
7601:
7594:
7586:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7545:
7529:
7525:
7519:
7511:
7507:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7487:
7483:
7476:
7468:
7464:
7457:
7441:
7437:
7431:
7417:
7411:
7407:
7403:
7399:
7395:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7372:
7364:
7357:
7356:
7351:
7347:
7340:
7336:
7332:
7328:
7324:
7320:
7316:
7312:
7308:
7301:
7293:
7291:9780857299871
7287:
7283:
7282:
7274:
7266:
7260:
7252:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7214:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7195:
7180:
7176:
7170:
7162:
7158:
7152:
7136:
7132:
7126:
7111:. 4 June 2014
7110:
7109:Bioeconomy.fi
7106:
7100:
7092:
7091:Bioeconomy.fi
7088:
7081:
7066:
7065:Bioeconomy.fi
7062:
7055:
7039:
7032:
7026:
7010:
7006:
7000:
6993:
6988:
6973:
6969:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6950:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6908:
6904:
6896:
6880:
6876:
6870:
6862:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6832:
6828:
6824:
6820:
6812:
6796:
6792:
6786:
6778:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6729:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6699:
6691:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6657:
6653:
6649:
6642:
6626:
6622:
6618:
6612:
6596:
6592:
6586:
6578:
6574:
6570:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6527:
6519:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6478:
6470:
6464:
6456:
6452:
6448:
6442:
6438:
6437:
6430:
6422:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6384:
6375:
6366:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6348:
6334:
6330:
6324:
6316:
6310:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6283:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6231:
6227:
6221:
6206:
6202:
6196:
6180:
6173:
6167:
6165:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6124:
6116:
6108:
6104:
6098:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6076:
6072:
6071:
6064:
6050:
6046:
6040:
6032:
6026:
6022:
6015:
6000:
5996:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5984:
5967:
5963:
5957:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5908:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5850:
5846:
5840:
5825:
5821:
5815:
5806:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5748:
5732:
5728:
5727:New Scientist
5724:
5721:Crane, Leah.
5717:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5644:
5636:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5576:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5546:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5515:
5500:
5496:
5489:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5429:
5421:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5378:
5367:
5366:
5359:
5351:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5300:
5298:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5240:
5232:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5189:
5181:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5156:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5113:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5056:
5038:
5034:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4996:
4994:
4985:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4960:(6): nzz021.
4959:
4955:
4951:
4944:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4895:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4857:
4853:
4844:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4821:(3): 137–88.
4820:
4816:
4815:
4807:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4776:(3): 143–53.
4775:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4758:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4723:Saccharomyces
4717:
4709:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4673:
4669:
4662:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4605:
4590:
4586:
4578:
4563:
4559:
4553:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4508:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4438:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4389:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4338:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4305:(1): 148–70.
4304:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4287:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4212:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4177:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4115:
4111:
4104:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4065:
4061:
4054:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4014:
4010:
4004:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3941:
3939:
3924:
3920:
3913:
3911:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3871:
3867:
3860:
3858:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3778:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3694:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3470:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3419:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3299:
3287:
3273:
3271:9789279657115
3267:
3263:
3262:
3254:
3243:
3239:
3238:Bioeconomy.fi
3232:
3226:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3143:(6): 675–88.
3142:
3138:
3131:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3091:
3090:New Scientist
3087:
3084:Hodson, Hal.
3080:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3022:
3017:
3001:
2995:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2906:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2861:
2855:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2822:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2792:
2783:
2775:
2768:
2762:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2717:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2560:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2522:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2449:(4): 288–290.
2448:
2444:
2437:
2430:(3): 180–186.
2429:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2402:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2128:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:biodegradable
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2043:biodegradable
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1891:
1889:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:nanoparticles
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1720:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1596:energy crisis
1593:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1579:steam turbine
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:space heating
1540:
1535:
1528:
1517:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1503:pyrolysis-oil
1500:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:biorefineries
1463:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1436:According to
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1363:biorefineries
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:DNA databases
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1255:
1246:
1242:
1239:This section
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:– for faster
1190:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1136:
1127:
1123:
1120:This section
1118:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:phytoplankton
1010:
1005:
1003:
999:
996:is a form of
995:
989:
985:
980:
973:
968:
961:
951:
939:
936:derived from
935:
931:
926:
925:meat analogue
921:
911:
908:
900:
890:
886:
881:
879:
873:
864:
863:
857:
843:
842:
837:
833:
829:
828:
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:
783:
779:
778:
777:Saccharomyces
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:
755:
754:Baker's yeast
749:
743:
737:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:antimicrobial
700:
696:
695:ethnomycology
692:
688:
682:
678:
677:
672:
665:
658:
645:
641:
636:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
562:
555:
544:
543:supplements.
542:
538:
533:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:
489:
486:
482:
479:
476:
475:
474:
472:
467:
465:
464:
459:
458:cultured meat
455:
451:
447:
446:food security
443:
439:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:biotechnology
414:
410:
409:
403:
399:
391:
390:cultured meat
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
355:
353:
348:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
311:
309:
304:
301:
296:
294:
292:
287:
283:
278:
272:
263:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
202:
193:
191:
187:
182:
180:
175:
171:
166:
164:
163:
158:
154:
150:
139:
136:
131:
128:
126:
120:
118:
117:
112:
108:
104:
103:Juan EnrĂquez
94:
92:
88:
83:
78:
69:
62:
58:
40:
37:
33:
32:biotechnology
29:
25:
21:
9242:
9230:
9167:Microbiology
9152:Biochemicals
9064:Gene therapy
9005:Biosynthesis
8983:Applications
8904:Spectroscopy
8874:Cell culture
8783:Fermentation
8621:cite journal
8609:. Retrieved
8596:
8587:
8577:
8558:
8546:. Retrieved
8542:
8532:
8500:(1): 51–63.
8497:
8493:
8483:
8474:10419/266672
8456:
8452:
8442:
8415:
8411:
8401:
8361:(1): 33–61.
8358:
8354:
8344:
8328:(15): 8232.
8325:
8321:
8311:
8284:
8278:
8227:
8223:
8213:
8156:
8150:
8105:
8101:
8091:
8082:
8049:
8045:
8039:
8012:
8008:
7998:
7966:(1): 33–61.
7963:
7959:
7949:
7937:. Retrieved
7933:The Guardian
7932:
7923:
7912:, retrieved
7890:
7886:
7876:
7833:
7829:
7815:
7803:. Retrieved
7799:The Guardian
7798:
7739:
7735:
7725:
7705:
7666:
7662:
7651:
7632:
7628:
7618:
7607:. Retrieved
7603:
7593:
7558:
7554:
7544:
7532:. Retrieved
7527:
7518:
7485:
7481:
7475:
7466:
7456:
7444:. Retrieved
7439:
7430:
7419:, retrieved
7397:
7369:{{
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7352:,
7314:
7310:
7300:
7280:
7273:
7259:
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7182:. Retrieved
7178:
7169:
7160:
7151:
7139:. Retrieved
7134:
7125:
7113:. Retrieved
7108:
7099:
7090:
7080:
7068:. Retrieved
7064:
7054:
7042:. Retrieved
7037:
7025:
7013:. Retrieved
7008:
6999:
6987:
6975:. Retrieved
6971:
6932:10754/673304
6906:
6902:
6895:
6883:. Retrieved
6879:The Guardian
6878:
6869:
6826:
6822:
6811:
6801:22 September
6799:. Retrieved
6795:Science News
6794:
6785:
6742:
6738:
6728:
6716:. Retrieved
6707:
6698:
6655:
6651:
6641:
6629:. Retrieved
6620:
6611:
6599:. Retrieved
6585:
6540:
6536:
6526:
6491:
6487:
6477:
6435:
6429:
6395:(22): 8105.
6392:
6388:
6382:
6374:
6365:
6347:
6336:. Retrieved
6332:
6323:
6309:cite journal
6292:
6288:
6282:
6272:February 28,
6270:. Retrieved
6265:
6233:. Retrieved
6229:
6220:
6208:. Retrieved
6204:
6195:
6183:. Retrieved
6178:
6153:, retrieved
6122:
6115:
6069:
6063:
6052:. Retrieved
6048:
6039:
6020:
6014:
6004:December 11,
6002:. Retrieved
5998:
5970:. Retrieved
5966:The Guardian
5965:
5956:
5921:
5917:
5907:
5885:(1): 66–90.
5882:
5878:
5852:. Retrieved
5848:
5839:
5828:. Retrieved
5823:
5814:
5762:
5758:
5747:
5735:. Retrieved
5726:
5716:
5657:
5653:
5643:
5590:
5586:
5575:
5563:. Retrieved
5554:
5545:
5533:. Retrieved
5525:The Guardian
5524:
5514:
5502:. Retrieved
5499:Labiotech.eu
5498:
5488:
5439:
5435:
5428:
5391:
5387:
5377:
5371:. FAO. 2018.
5364:
5358:
5313:
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5249:
5239:
5202:
5198:
5188:
5161:
5155:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5069:
5065:
5055:
5041:. Retrieved
5036:
5006:Oceanography
5005:
4957:
4953:
4943:
4913:(1): 57–67.
4910:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4867:
4861:
4855:
4851:
4843:
4818:
4812:
4806:
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4767:
4763:
4757:
4735:(4): 183–6.
4732:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4693:
4687:
4675:. Retrieved
4671:
4661:
4618:
4614:
4604:
4592:. Retrieved
4588:
4577:
4565:. Retrieved
4561:
4552:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4454:
4448:
4437:
4404:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4353:
4347:
4337:
4302:
4296:
4286:
4274:. Retrieved
4270:
4260:
4225:
4221:
4211:
4192:
4186:
4176:
4165:. Retrieved
4161:
4152:
4141:. Retrieved
4137:
4128:
4117:. Retrieved
4113:
4103:
4092:. Retrieved
4088:the original
4078:
4067:. Retrieved
4063:
4053:
4042:. Retrieved
4038:the original
4028:
4017:. Retrieved
4015:. 2010-06-01
4012:
4003:
3994:
3981:
3957:(1): 13–26.
3954:
3950:
3926:. Retrieved
3922:
3898:. Retrieved
3894:
3885:
3873:. Retrieved
3869:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3788:
3784:
3777:
3765:. Retrieved
3760:
3751:
3708:
3704:
3693:
3681:. Retrieved
3676:
3667:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3590:. Retrieved
3586:
3577:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3490:. Retrieved
3486:
3477:
3434:
3430:
3405:. Retrieved
3396:
3372:. Retrieved
3367:
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3342:The Guardian
3341:
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3316:
3306:
3275:. Retrieved
3260:
3253:
3237:
3225:
3179:
3173:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3118:. Retrieved
3114:
3105:
3093:. Retrieved
3089:
3079:
3042:
3038:
3027:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
2994:
2982:. Retrieved
2978:
2969:
2923:
2917:
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2889:the original
2884:
2875:
2863:. Retrieved
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2838:
2829:
2810:
2804:
2796:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2761:
2742:
2738:
2715:
2710:
2664:
2658:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2573:
2567:
2546:cite journal
2509:. Retrieved
2505:
2496:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2336:Oleochemical
2301:Biosynthesis
2270:Change Agent
2269:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2211:
2202:gene patents
2199:
2192:
2179:
2149:greenwashing
2141:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2079:
2075:
2051:
2040:
2029:
2026:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1952:
1942:
1930:
1916:
1897:
1884:
1868:salt marshes
1820:
1763:
1756:Nanomedicine
1707:
1697:
1682:
1657:
1643:gasification
1625:wood pellets
1622:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:wood pellets
1558:
1543:
1511:
1492:
1488:Fermentation
1483:Torrefaction
1459:
1452:
1443:
1435:
1416:
1392:blue economy
1385:
1382:
1378:
1352:
1341:
1330:is based on
1327:
1326:
1268:
1252:October 2021
1249:
1245:adding to it
1240:
1186:
1172:
1153:
1133:October 2021
1130:
1126:adding to it
1121:
1037:
1006:
992:
903:
894:
875:
839:
825:
818:domesticated
807:
785:
775:
757:
741:
674:
657:Fungiculture
651:Fungiculture
633:
629:Lincolnshire
589:
567:
534:
527:
512:
497:Bioproduced
468:
461:
450:human health
413:agricultural
406:
405:
349:
345:
341:biodiversity
317:
305:
300:energy crops
297:
290:
281:
279:
270:
264:
253:
234:
199:
183:
167:
160:
145:
132:
129:
123:
121:
114:
109:in the 1997
100:
79:
75:
66:
28:biotechonomy
27:
23:
19:
18:
9157:Biorobotics
9147:Biomimetics
9142:Biomedicine
8418:: 332–344.
7742:: 143–156.
7686:10902/21665
7669:(6): 3379.
7488:(1): 9–16.
7211:(1): 3529.
7141:17 December
7115:17 December
7070:17 December
7044:17 December
7015:25 November
6977:17 December
6745:(1): 5985.
6295:: 562–571.
6205:www.fao.org
6185:13 November
5765:(1): 5523.
5660:(1): 6244.
5442:: 175–185.
5411:10835/13146
5043:17 November
4522:(1): 9–16.
4276:22 February
4138:AGRITECTURE
3834:: 852–858.
3619:(1): 3529.
2506:www.fao.org
2278:soft robots
2195:food system
2047:spider silk
1995:transcluded
1899:Bioplastics
1894:Bioplastics
1888:spider silk
1790:algal cells
1730:transcluded
1699:Bioproducts
1661:biorefining
1582:heat engine
1423:biohydrogen
1359:bioproducts
1307:antibiotics
1295:stool banks
1218:bioleaching
1201:depollution
1068:aquaculture
1064:bioplastics
1060:fertilizers
1017:microphytes
998:aquaculture
994:Algaculture
960:Algaculture
945:Algaculture
930:Mycoprotein
856:Mycoprotein
849:Mycoprotein
711:anti-cancer
644:greenhouses
577:hydroponics
358:Agriculture
333:aquaculture
321:agriculture
245:bioplastics
72:Definitions
57:New Harvest
55:A video by
9260:Categories
9112:Bioeconomy
9084:Stem cells
9037:Embryology
8960:Filtration
8950:Extraction
8869:Bioreactor
8611:29 October
8548:29 October
7939:26 October
7908:1808/30278
7887:BioScience
7805:26 October
7635:(4): 669.
7609:2020-12-17
7561:: e00256.
7534:1 December
7446:1 December
7421:2020-12-17
7317:: 120726.
7105:"Woodcast"
6885:1 December
6718:9 December
6601:31 January
6338:2019-05-14
6155:2020-12-17
6089:1140706262
6054:2020-12-17
5972:1 December
5854:26 October
5830:2021-07-30
5737:9 December
5565:12 October
5535:12 October
5504:26 October
5394:(1): 175.
4677:1 December
4615:IMA Fungus
4589:On Biology
4222:Ecosystems
4167:2019-11-07
4143:2019-11-08
4119:2019-11-08
4094:2019-11-08
4069:2019-11-08
4044:2019-11-08
4019:2019-11-08
3928:2019-11-04
3900:2019-11-04
3875:28 October
3767:1 December
3683:18 October
3374:18 October
3348:26 October
3322:18 October
3277:2020-12-17
3199:1099358181
3045:(1): 109.
2943:1060956843
2684:1035157127
2511:2022-09-16
2443:AgBioForum
2424:AgBioForum
2408:References
2331:Plyscraper
2236:See also:
2222:innovation
2214:knowledge-
2125:See also:
2089:See also:
2017:Bioplastic
1912:composting
1815:See also:
1750:See also:
1692:See also:
1509:products.
1431:algae fuel
1403:See also:
1291:microbiota
1279:anti-aging
1263:See also:
1144:See also:
1076:algal fuel
1025:Macroalgae
1009:microalgae
974:, Zanzibar
827:Aspergilli
770:dough and
655:See also:
585:aeroponics
581:aquaponics
528:Moreover,
362:See also:
219:Algae fuel
209:See also:
24:bioeconomy
8955:Fed Batch
8855:and tools
8543:The Verge
8524:219811345
8516:1468-8417
8375:1573-1502
8244:0162-2439
8203:ignored (
8193:cite book
8185:236731518
8124:1746-5354
8108:(3): 26.
8031:2571-581X
7868:221019148
7860:1758-6798
7774:201329805
7766:0921-8009
7585:2214-9937
7510:221522085
7502:2398-9629
7371:retracted
7363:retracted
7339:213933899
7331:0959-6526
7233:2041-1723
7135:forest.fi
6949:240290913
6941:2662-138X
6621:New Atlas
6518:2211-4645
6463:cite book
6455:181844396
6389:Molecules
6383:Nicotiana
6150:135401447
6097:cite book
5948:195390497
5940:1463-6778
5899:1756-5804
5787:2041-1723
5708:240229196
5682:2041-1723
5617:0027-8424
5480:229693482
5464:0956-053X
5420:2227-9717
5388:Processes
5332:2296-861X
5288:238768104
5280:2730-5988
5199:Nutrients
5096:2211-9264
5072:: 39–46.
5024:1042-8275
5008:: 26–34.
4698:CRC Press
4635:2210-6340
4544:221522085
4536:2398-9629
4499:215411291
4473:2054-3085
4252:1435-0629
3848:1756-4646
3805:0002-8223
3743:237615280
3677:New Atlas
3641:2041-1723
3569:235595143
3543:0027-8424
3451:2399-3642
3407:16 August
3317:New Atlas
3296:ignored (
3286:cite book
3207:cite book
2951:cite book
2692:cite book
2650:240328487
2642:0282-7581
2593:839878465
2488:2071-1050
2282:Solarpunk
2256:cyberpunk
2207:Biopiracy
1933:cellulose
1881:Materials
1864:mangroves
1639:cord wood
1478:Pyrolysis
1419:bioenergy
1209:upcycling
1205:recycling
1160:recycling
1048:colorants
889:talk page
796:soy sauce
772:dumplings
609:Singapore
537:algae oil
392:hamburger
329:fisheries
9232:Category
9187:Virology
9089:Telomere
8736:Branches
8569:Archived
8393:33758465
8262:28458406
8142:35186396
8074:13822192
8066:12360238
7990:33758465
7914:July 29,
7251:34112802
7179:phys.org
6861:34389536
6777:33239636
6712:Archived
6708:phys.org
6690:31988506
6631:13 April
6625:Archived
6595:Archived
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