Biraban - Knowledge

228:; Biraban conceptualised Jehovah as an indigenous being which appears to only men. Biraban's authority within the Aboriginal clans and his ability to disseminate Christian beliefs to Aboriginal people positioned Biraban to be considered by Threlkeld as a missionary teacher, yet this plan was abandoned as Threlkeld felt Biraban was unable to be baptised due to his preference for alcoholic beverages. 33: 216:

accustomed to teach his native language, for when he was asked the name of anything, he pronounced the word very distinctly, syllable by syllable, so that it was impossible to mistake it.' It was later admitted by Threlkeld that Biraban was crucial to his translation work, with the Awabakal translation and publication of the

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Whilst translating Christian texts Biraban also shared with Threlkeld knowledge of Awabakal cosmology, detailing stories of Koun, Tippakal, Por-rang, and his personal life. Biraban also incorporated Christian theology into the Awabakal cosmological order, offering a dreaming narrative, to Threlkeld,

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In 1826 Biraban experienced his Awabakal clan initiation in which he was transposed from boyhood to manhood. Subsequently, Biraban acted as a spokesperson for the Awabakal clan, with part of his duties involving reporting 'assaults on Aboriginal people to Threlkeld who, in turn, reported them to the

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between Aboriginal clan members and settlers. A notable work in which Biraban was involved was the interpretation and transcription of Christian religious texts into the Awabakal language. Threlkeld recognised the value of Biraban as his local teacher, writing, 't was very evident that M'Gill was

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A key to the structure of the Aboriginal language; Being an analysis of the particles used as affixes, to form the various modifications of the verbs; Shewing the essential powers, abstract roots, and other peculiarities of the language spoke by the Aborigines in the vicinity of the Hunter River,

147:. We-pohng remained with Captain Gill from February 1814 until Captain Gill departed Australia in December 1817. It was at this time We-pohng became fluent in English and was bestowed the name M'Gill (and its derivatives) by the captain as "a mark of his claim on the boy." 203:(LMS), and later the Colonial government Ebenezer (mission), on Awabakal land. In preparation for the LMS Mission Biraban worked alongside two other indigenous men to fell 'trees to make room for the erection of… house and prepare for planting some Indian corn.' 142:

We-pohng was born at Bahtahbah (Belmont, New South Wales) c.1800. During his childhood We-pohng was abducted by the British and raised within the military barracks located in Sydney. Subsequently, We-pohng was assigned to Captain John M. Gill, a member of the

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At this time Biraban was also active in Supreme Court translations with Threlkeld. Yet, despite being fluent in English, Biraban's non-Christian status resulted with the Court dismissing Biraban as a competent witness.

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J. Turner & G. Blyton, p.40; P. Sutton, 'Unusual Couples: Relationships and Research on the Knowledge Frontier', Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies , 29 May 2002,

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http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/12854350?searchTerm=M%27Gill%20Threlkeld&searchLimits=sortby=dateAsc%7C%7C%7Cl-category=Article%7C%7C%7Cl-state=New+South+Wales%7C%7C%7Cl-decade=183

162:, assuming the role of regional guide, interpreter and a 'bush constable'. We-pohng, We-rah-kah-tah and Bob Barrett were utilised for their tracking skills to apprehend escaping convicts. 1017:

http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/32077003?searchTerm=M%27Gill&searchLimits=sortby=dateAsc%7C%7C%7Cl-category=Article%7C%7C%7Cl-state=New+South+Wales%7C%7C%7Cl-decade=183

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http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2199518?searchTerm=M%27Gill&searchLimits=sortby=dateAsc%7C%7C%7Cl-category=Article%7C%7C%7Cl-state=New+South+Wales%7C%7C%7Cl-decade=183

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An Australian Language as spoken by the Awabakal the people of Awaba or Lake Macquarie (Near Newcastle, New South Wales) Being an Account of Their Language, Traditions and Customs

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http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/12975782?searchTerm=M%27Gill%20native%20aboriginal&searchLimits=l-title=35%7C%7C%7Csortby=dateAsc%7C%7C%7Cl-category=Article

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Baraban, or Macgil, Chief of the Tribe at Bartabah, on Lake Macquarie: a reward for his assistance in reducing his Native Tongue to a written language.

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Biraban died in Newcastle on 14 April 1846. A short obituary recognising his achievements was written in the Sydney Morning Herald.

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Keary, A. (2009). "Christianity, colonialism, and cross-cultural translation: Lancelot Threlkeld, Biraban, and the Awabakal".

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https://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/presentations/2002-wentworth-sutton-unusual-couples-relationships-research.pdf

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L.E. Threlkeld, 'Memoranda of Events at Lake Macquarie', p.88; 'Original Correspondence: Civilisation of the Blacks',

952:, retrieved 21 September 2017; National museum of Australia, 'Aboriginal breastplates-language teacher rewarded', 682:

Backhouse, J.; Walker, G.W. "Extracts from the Journal of James Backhouse and G.W. Walker". In Gunson, N. (ed.).

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The University of Newcastle, 'Virtual Sourcebook for Aboriginal Studies in the Hunter Region Guide: 1830-1869',

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Speaking English fluently Biraban was frequently called upon by the colonial government to act as an

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colonial authorities,' and acting as a distributor of British material goods to Aboriginal people.

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Lake Macquarie, etc., New South Wales: Together with comparisons of Polynesian and other dialects

897:, retrieved 14 September 2017; L.E. Threlkeld, 'Memoranda of Events at Lake Macquarie', pp.98-134 178: 1161: