626:, and has been the subject of decades of active protection by women. However, the site sits on privately owned land allotted for a growing housing estate, owned by Hammersmith Management which is owned by the Roche Group. As of late 2021, women must seek permission to cross the owned land, despite the site being a protected site under the Federal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection (ATSIHP) Act and was recognised as a New South Wales 'Aboriginal Place' in 2013. In 2019, the cave and its surrounds were recognised by the federal government as a significant Aboriginal area.
669:. The claim was opposed by representatives of the Worimi and Wonnarua as asserting rights over their own traditional territories. In 2017 the claim was withdrawn after the NSW government claimed that, while the claim group, the Descendants of the Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation had shown descent from the original people indigenous to the area, it was argued that they had failed to demonstrate continuous preservation of customary laws and practices since the onset of white colonization.
63:
484:
335:
457:
extensively, which helped them to hunt and to navigate through dense prickly scrub along the coast. Newcastle's main city thoroughfare, Watt Street was built over an
Awabakal path from the shore to the top of a hill. Fishing, particularly for shellfish, was a significant part of the Awabakal people's
461:
The
Awabakal, in pre-colonisation times, were noted as being strong and determined defenders of their territory, the means by which the defence occurred need to be explored to deepen understanding of the culture. They had possession of the coastal territory for thousands of years, during which time
351:
Awabakal language was recorded by
Lancelot Edward Threlkeld and Awabakal Leader Birabahn in 'An Australian grammar : comprehending the principles and natural rules of the language as spoken by the Aborigines in the vicinity of Hunter's River, Lake MacQuarie & New South Wales' -'and this is
595:
Recently settled
Aboriginal people in this region partake in community support organisations like 'The Awabakal Newcastle Aboriginal Cooperative Limited', which is a not-for-profit community controlled organisation operating in the Newcastle, Lake Macquarie and Hunter Region. It was established in
437:
Tindale estimated
Awabakal territory to cover some 1,800 square kilometres (700 sq mi). More recent estimates are that Awabakal territory covers 2870 square kilometres. The Awabakal clan were relocated from Newcastle harbour area by Rev Threlkeld to two locations at Lake Macquarie into a
649:, meaning an 'eating and meeting place' originally began as a support programme in 1983 to assist and promote university studies for indigenous people. Wollotuka's all indigenous staff moved into their new building, Birabahn in 2002, and the Wollotuka Institute was officially established in 2009.
634:
The 25.74-hectare plot, purchased by the NSW National Parks and
Wildlife Service protects the Cave and the surrounding cultural landscape, including vital elements such as aquifers, traditional journey paths, creeks, stone arrangements and food source areas. The land will be managed by the NSW
644:
The
Awabakal Environmental Education Centre began operating in 1976. It is an NSW Department of Education and Communities facility. The centre provides opportunities for teachers and students in the Hunter Region to learn about the environment and human interactions with the natural world.
584:
especially during the land grab of 1826, are direct descendants of
Margaret and Ned or Mahrahkah. These descendants are connected through their families/family culture together and represented by the Awabakal Descendants of the Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation.
629:
Following 13 years of local activism, representation, and negotiation with the former owners, the NSW Government acquired a parcel of land surrounding the
Butterfly Cave that was earmarked for development by Hammersmith Management, which is owned by the Roche Group.
635:
National Parks and
Wildlife Service and permanently protected under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. The NSW Government will consult with the local Aboriginal community on future management of the site and protection of the surrounding cultural landscape.
1435:
1638:
1147:
938:
1344:
1488:
1611:
1665:
310:
was the word for Lake Macquarie, meaning flat or plain surface, and by extension referred to the people native to that area. The Awabakal were bounded to the north–west by the
298:
however asserted that there was indeed evidence for a distinct Kuringgai language, which, in Tindale's schema, would imply they were a distinct people from the Awabakal.
1293:
842:
2487:
1371:
1658:
1151:
450:
has special significance for the Awabakal people. Kon, their "celestial entity", looks like an Aboriginal man, but in flight resembles an eagle-hawk.
2522:
922:
2515:
1336:
962:
2480:
1651:
1477:
355:
The City of Newcastle is in the process of educating the wider community about dual name sites and traditional language history of Newcastle
1603:
1542:
1266:
1554:
2494:
2459:
763:
286:, also written Guringai, has often been used as a collective denominator of the Awabakal and several other tribes in this belt, but
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994:
2508:
1407:
2501:
1593:
1568:
1524:
1326:
1247:
1219:
1182:
1192:
596:
1976. It is responsible for the delivery of community and health services to Aboriginal people in this region, including:
1634:
1607:
1484:
1340:
1174:
688:
581:
150:
1262:
603:
the Awabakal Disability Service which provides "short to medium term support to young people living with a disability";
548:
1283:
2336:
1401:
567:
520:
1020:
276:
185:
527:
1460:
1361:
1131:
838:
505:
404:
268:
1693:
1556:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
1143:
534:
453:
The Awabakal people played a significant part in shaping the environment of their region. They practised
1239:
339:
272:
83:
923:"Aboriginal sacred sites across Australia still at risk as traditional owners 'locked out' of reforms"
1816:
1735:
1534:
691:– a colonial enforcer who worked with the British to capture convicts at Newcastle and Port Macquarie
682:
662:
658:
619:
516:
501:
413:
385:
291:
264:
592:
of the Awabakal region and have lived there from at least since the last Ice Age, 11,800 years ago.
1585:
666:
93:
19:
This article is about the Awabakal ethnic group of Indigenous Australians. For their language, see
1310:
1539:
Australian reminiscences & papers of L. E. Threlkeld, missionary to the Aborigines, 1824–1859
1426:
1318:
494:
1674:
323:
252:
248:
1205:
1579:
1508:
1233:
1168:
1258:
963:"'Wonderful' news for Indigenous women as NSW reclaims sacred Butterfly Cave from developer"
2418:
2380:
2363:
1366:
1288:
1513:
The Politics of English as a World Language: New Horizons in Postcolonial Cultural Studies
8:
2370:
2346:
1643:
1388:
2425:
2401:
2394:
2230:
1452:
1390:
A salvage grammar and wordlist of the language from the Hunter River and Lake Macquarie
1229:
589:
454:
447:
541:
2545:
2439:
2408:
2329:
1823:
1809:
1589:
1564:
1520:
1516:
1397:
1322:
1243:
1215:
1178:
467:
463:
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346:
111:
20:
1444:
319:
212:
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the first, and most comprehensive record of any indigenous language in Australia.
2432:
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2353:
2234:
2222:
1678:
1170:
Sydney's Aboriginal Past: Investigating the Archaeological and Historical Records
946:
942:
375:
260:
138:
134:
1196:
2238:
1760:
1550:
287:
1581:
Writing Never Arrives Naked: Early Aboriginal Cultures of Writing in Australia
1284:"Awabakal and Guringai native title claim from Maitland to Hornsby put on ice"
2539:
2304:
2242:
1914:
580:
Descendants Awabakal people who survived the British invasion and subsequent
315:
295:
256:
165:
152:
2166:
2138:
2019:
1893:
1725:
738:
1135:
681: – a recognised headman of the Awaba clan who assisted the
657:
In 2013 an association of Awabakal and Guringai descendants laid claim to
251:
who identify with or are descended from the Awabakal tribe and its clans,
2269:
2159:
2110:
2012:
1949:
1781:
1509:"Linguistic Diversity and Biodiversity: The Threat from Killer Languages"
1436:
The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
1012:
976:
366:
62:
2145:
2131:
1984:
1942:
1907:
1865:
1858:
1844:
1456:
508: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2283:
2187:
2180:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2026:
1963:
1718:
1639:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1560:
1211:
768:
725:
283:
73:
1753:
1448:
1430:
483:
466:
and established places of defence, "virtual armouries", high in the
334:
2290:
2201:
2194:
2117:
2096:
2089:
2005:
1977:
1970:
1928:
1921:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1837:
1795:
1788:
623:
438:
mission environment and had no cultural connection to those areas.
311:
2297:
2276:
2215:
2173:
2152:
2124:
2054:
2047:
2040:
1998:
1991:
1935:
1900:
1802:
1774:
1478:"Callaghan, The University of Newcastle: Whose Traditional Land?"
705:
685:
compile the first grammar of an Aboriginal language in Australia.
678:
290:
has challenged it as an arbitrary coinage devised by ethnologist
197:
16:
Australian Aboriginal people of mid north coastal New South Wales
2311:
2208:
717:
294:
in 1892. For Tindale, Kuringgai was synonymous with Awabakal.
2103:
2033:
1956:
1830:
1711:
857:
2251:
1851:
230:
215:
995:"Sacred Butterfly Cave safeguarded for future generations"
921:
Wellington, Shahni; Wellauer, Kirstie (30 November 2021).
462:
they successfully repelled incursions by the neighbouring
224:
1673:
1315:
International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE-Esperanto
1195:. Awabakal Environmental Education Centre. Archived from
338:
Traditional lands of Australian Aboriginal tribes around
236:
233:
1396:. Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Cooperative.
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
1207:
Climate Change and Anthropos: Planet, People and Places
1107:
1635:
Bibliography of Awabakal language and people resources
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
819:
807:
1083:
786:
221:
239:
227:
1095:
1035:
869:
218:
118:
Area (approx. 1,800 km or 690 sq mi)
1235:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development
1059:
1047:
920:
1071:
890:
2537:
1506:
1485:The Wollotuka Institute, University of Newcastle
1013:"Home – Awabakal Environmental Education Centre"
721:(generic term ("man") in Sydney area languages).
902:
326:is now the name of a small town in the region.
1659:
914:
606:culturally appropriate care for older people;
255:the coastal area of what is now known as the
1259:"Newcastle's first street to be illuminated"
588:These Awabakal people are considered as the
1386:
813:
1666:
1652:
1543:Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies
965:. 17 June 2024 – via www.abc.net.au.
945:, Shahni Wellington and Kirstie Wellauer,
672:
263:. Their traditional territory spread from
2460:List of Australian Aboriginal group names
1577:
1533:
1166:
1113:
863:
825:
764:Arwarbukarl Cultural Resource Association
622:is part of "women's business" related to
568:Learn how and when to remove this message
333:
1549:
1475:
1425:
1281:
1191:
1101:
1041:
957:
955:
884:
801:
751:
2538:
1602:
1335:
1308:
1256:
1203:
1154:from the original on 21 September 2020
1089:
1065:
1053:
896:
1647:
1614:from the original on 12 November 2017
1494:from the original on 22 February 2014
1359:
1347:from the original on 12 November 2017
1228:
1144:"AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia"
1077:
1561:Australian National University Press
1463:from the original on 21 October 2021
1130:
952:
908:
695:
506:adding citations to reliable sources
477:
1282:Fellner, Carrie (11 October 2017).
1175:University of New South Wales Press
1142:
582:massacres of Aboriginal Australians
458:diet and culture pre-colonisation.
13:
1413:from the original on 10 April 2013
845:from the original on 12 April 2021
14:
2562:
1729:(mainly Queensland bordering NSW)
1628:
1374:from the original on 28 July 2020
1360:Kelly, Matthew (9 October 2013).
1296:from the original on 27 July 2020
1269:from the original on 1 March 2014
731:"Lake Macquarie, Newcastle" tribe
613:
1431:"Keepara ceremony of initiation"
482:
211:
61:
2551:Central Coast (New South Wales)
1507:Skuttnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003).
1023:from the original on 6 May 2021
1005:
987:
969:
652:
493:needs additional citations for
322:peoples to the west and south.
1134:. Awabakal.org. Archived from
831:
1:
1313:. In Frawley, William (ed.).
1257:Duncan, Carol (29 May 2013).
1123:
1017:awabakal-e.schools.nsw.gov.au
981:www.savethebutterflycave.info
1537:(1974). Gunson, Niel (ed.).
1511:. In Mair, Christian (ed.).
1387:Lissarrague, Amanda (2006).
1362:"Awabakal land claim lodged"
999:NSW Environment and Heritage
779:
600:the Awabakal Medical Centre;
441:
7:
757:
708:designating Lake Macquarie)
329:
318:to the north–east, and the
10:
2567:
1686:Aboriginal language groups
1535:Threlkeld, Lancelot Edward
1240:Cambridge University Press
639:
432:
344:
340:Newcastle, New South Wales
18:
2469:
2449:
2321:
2261:
1745:
1736:Western Bundjalung people
1703:
1685:
1578:Van Toorn, Penny (2006).
1204:Connor, Linda H. (2016).
977:"Save The Butterfly Cave"
196:
191:
181:
144:
130:
122:
117:
107:
99:
89:
79:
72:
67:Mid North Coast bioregion
60:
35:
30:
1586:Aboriginal Studies Press
1541:. Vol. 40, Part 1.
1309:Grimes, Barbara (2003).
774:
609:and child care services.
473:
1608:University of Newcastle
1551:Tindale, Norman Barnett
1341:University of Newcastle
1319:Oxford University Press
1167:Attenbrow, Val (2010).
941:1 December 2021 at the
673:Notable Awabakal people
301:
1950:Kawambarai/Gawambaraay
1476:Maynard, John (2014).
1337:"History of Wollotuka"
683:Rev Lancelot Threlkeld
637:
618:The Butterfly Cave at
342:
249:Aboriginal Australians
2475:By state or territory
1694:Yugambeh-Bandjalangic
1604:"Wollotuka Institute"
632:
337:
2322:Aboriginal languages
1367:The Newcastle Herald
1289:The Newcastle Herald
1199:on 16 February 2014.
866:, pp. 3, 5, 66.
839:"Aboriginal Culture"
502:improve this article
267:in the west, to the
1230:Dixon, Robert M. W.
306:In their language,
192:Notable individuals
162: /
2488:Northern Territory
1817:Western Bundjalung
1746:Aboriginal peoples
1704:Aboriginal nations
1519:. pp. 31–52.
1311:"Worimi Languages"
590:traditional owners
455:fire-stick farming
448:wedge-tailed eagle
374:– Flagstaff Hill (
343:
269:Lower Hunter River
166:33.083°S 151.500°E
2533:
2532:
2523:Western Australia
1880:Gidhabal/Githabul
1595:978-0-855-75544-7
1570:978-0-708-10741-6
1526:978-9-042-00876-2
1517:Rodopi Publishers
1328:978-0-195-13977-8
1249:978-0-521-47378-1
1221:978-1-317-97055-2
1184:978-1-742-23116-7
696:Alternative names
578:
577:
570:
552:
468:Watagan Mountains
464:Gamilaraay people
446:The eaglehawk or
347:Awabakal language
203:
202:
182:Other geological:
21:Awabakal language
2558:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2462:
2455:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2412:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2374:
2373:(or Yuwaaliyaay)
2366:
2359:
2357:
2349:
2342:
2340:
2332:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2262:Aboriginal clans
2254:
2245:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1887:Gringai/Guringay
1882:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1738:
1731:
1730:
1721:
1714:
1696:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1610:. 9 April 2013.
1599:
1574:
1546:
1530:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1412:
1395:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1343:. 8 April 2013.
1332:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1253:
1225:
1200:
1188:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1150:. 28 July 2023.
1139:
1138:on 19 July 2012.
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1009:
1003:
1002:
991:
985:
984:
973:
967:
966:
959:
950:
937:
935:
933:
918:
912:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
867:
861:
855:
854:
852:
850:
835:
829:
823:
817:
814:Lissarrague 2006
811:
805:
799:
573:
566:
562:
559:
553:
551:
510:
486:
478:
422:– Ironbark Creek
384:– Pirate Point (
246:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
177:
176:
174:
173:
172:
171:-33.083; 151.500
167:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
90:Language branch:
80:Language family:
65:
56:
28:
27:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2502:South Australia
2500:
2493:
2486:
2481:New South Wales
2479:
2474:
2465:
2458:
2453:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2352:
2345:
2339:(or Bundjalung)
2338:
2335:
2328:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2257:
2250:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
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2165:
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2151:
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2095:
2088:
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2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
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1679:New South Wales
1672:
1631:
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1617:
1615:
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1527:
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1449:10.2307/2842007
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1329:
1321:. p. 378.
1317:. Vol. 1.
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1238:. Vol. 1.
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1024:
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1001:. 19 June 2024.
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947:ABC News Online
943:Wayback Machine
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661:over land from
655:
642:
616:
574:
563:
557:
554:
511:
509:
499:
487:
476:
444:
435:
428:– Hexham Swamp.
426:Burraghihnbihng
376:Fort Scratchley
367:Nobbys Headland
349:
332:
304:
261:New South Wales
214:
210:
170:
168:
164:
161:
156:
153:
151:
149:
148:
139:New South Wales
135:Mid North Coast
126:Mid North Coast
108:Group dialects:
100:Language group:
68:
36:
31:Awabakal people
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2564:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
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519: –
518:
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513:Find sources:
507:
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496:
491:This section
489:
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296:Arthur Capell
293:
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257:Hunter Region
254:
253:Indigenous to
250:
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26:
22:
2167:Wirraayaraay
2139:Wangaaypuwan
2020:Nhaawuparlku
1894:Gumbaynggirr
1767:
1616:. Retrieved
1580:
1555:
1538:
1512:
1496:. Retrieved
1465:. Retrieved
1440:
1434:
1415:. Retrieved
1389:
1376:. Retrieved
1365:
1349:. Retrieved
1314:
1298:. Retrieved
1287:
1271:. Retrieved
1234:
1206:
1197:the original
1169:
1156:. Retrieved
1136:the original
1109:
1102:Fellner 2017
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
971:
949:, 2021-12-01
930:. Retrieved
926:
916:
904:
892:
887:, p. ?.
885:Maynard 2014
859:
847:. Retrieved
833:
821:
809:
802:Tindale 1974
752:Tindale 1974
749:
744:
734:
724:
716:
711:
701:
659:native title
656:
653:Native title
646:
643:
633:
628:
617:
594:
587:
579:
564:
558:January 2024
555:
545:
538:
531:
524:
512:
500:Please help
495:verification
492:
460:
452:
445:
436:
425:
419:
409:
405:Hunter River
400:
391:
381:
371:
362:
356:
354:
350:
307:
305:
281:
247:, are those
206:
204:
145:Coordinates:
84:Pama–Nyungan
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
25:
2419:Wemba Wemba
2381:Madhi Madhi
2371:Gamilaraay
2364:Dyirringany
2337:Bandjalang
2270:Cammeraygal
2160:Wemba-Wemba
2111:Yuwaalaraay
2013:Muthi Muthi
1782:Barranbinya
1677:peoples in
1618:11 November
1467:28 February
1443:: 320–340.
1378:24 February
1351:11 November
1300:24 February
1273:23 February
1090:Connor 2016
1042:AwabakalEEC
897:Duncan 2013
689:Bob Barrett
396:Port Hunter
363:Whibayganba
357:Muluubinba.
292:John Fraser
169: /
2540:Categories
2495:Queensland
2388:Nganywyana
2347:Darkinjung
2235:Kombumerri
2146:Wanjiwalku
2132:Wandandian
1985:Malyangapa
1957:Kula/Kurnu
1943:Karenggapa
1908:Himberrong
1866:Gandangara
1859:Gamilaraay
1845:Djiringanj
1824:Darkinyung
1810:Bundjalung
1675:Aboriginal
1498:9 February
1158:15 January
1132:"About Us"
1124:References
1078:Kelly 2013
1066:Wollotuka2
1054:Wollotuka1
737:(Awabakal
704:(Awabakal
528:newspapers
517:"Awabakal"
420:Toohrnbing
416:(The Hill)
123:Bioregion:
94:Yuin–Kuric
2426:Wiradjuri
2409:Tharawal
2402:Ngunnawal
2395:Ngiyambaa
2356:(or Eora)
2284:Gorualgal
2239:Mununjali
2188:Wiradjuri
2181:Wilyakali
2083:Paaruntyi
2076:Paakantyi
2069:Ngunnawal
2062:Ngiyampaa
2027:Nari-Nari
1964:Kuringgai
1719:Kuringgai
1637:, at the
1212:Routledge
780:Citations
769:Kuringgai
726:Kuringgai
647:Wollotuka
442:Practices
410:Khanterin
320:Darkinung
284:Kuringgai
282:The name
273:Newcastle
131:Location:
74:Hierarchy
2546:Awabakal
2516:Victoria
2509:Tasmania
2454:See also
2440:Yugambeh
2330:Awabakal
2291:Jerrinja
2243:Tulgigin
2223:Yugambeh
2202:Wonnarua
2195:Wodiwodi
2118:Walbunja
2097:Tharawal
2090:Barindji
2006:Muruwari
1978:Kwiambal
1971:Kureinji
1929:Jukambal
1922:Jitajita
1873:Geawegal
1838:Djangadi
1796:Bigambul
1789:Bidjigal
1768:Awabakal
1612:Archived
1553:(1974).
1489:Archived
1461:Archived
1429:(1897).
1408:Archived
1372:Archived
1345:Archived
1294:Archived
1267:Archived
1232:(2002).
1152:Archived
1021:Archived
939:Archived
932:2 August
927:ABC News
909:Awabakal
843:Archived
758:See also
750:Source:
745:Minyowie
712:Awabagal
663:Maitland
624:birthing
386:Stockton
372:Tahlbihn
330:Language
312:Wonnarua
265:Wollombi
207:Awabakal
157:151°30′E
112:Awabakal
54:Minyowie
51:Minyowa,
39:Awabagal
2354:Dharug
2298:Ngambri
2277:Gadigal
2229:Clans:
2216:Yaygirr
2174:Wiyabal
2153:Weilwan
2125:Walgalu
2055:Ngarigo
2048:Ngarbal
2041:Ngambaa
1999:Milpulo
1992:Maraura
1936:Galibal
1901:Gweagal
1803:Birrbay
1761:Arakwal
1457:2842007
1148:AIATSIS
849:16 June
735:Minyowa
706:toponym
679:Biraban
667:Hornsby
640:Centres
542:scholar
433:Country
392:Yohaaba
209:people
198:Biraban
2433:Worimi
2312:Wangal
2209:Worimi
1915:Jeithi
1775:Banbai
1754:Anēwan
1592:
1567:
1523:
1455:
1417:13 May
1400:
1325:
1246:
1218:
1181:
1027:20 May
544:
537:
530:
523:
515:
401:Coquun
316:Worimi
314:, the
154:33°5′S
2104:Thaua
2034:Ngaku
1831:Darug
1726:Murri
1712:Koori
1492:(PDF)
1481:(PDF)
1453:JSTOR
1411:(PDF)
1394:(PDF)
775:Notes
739:horde
702:Awaba
549:JSTOR
535:books
474:Today
324:Awaba
308:awaba
271:near
43:Awaba
37:aka:
2252:Yuin
1852:Eora
1620:2017
1590:ISBN
1565:ISBN
1521:ISBN
1500:2014
1469:2021
1419:2012
1398:ISBN
1380:2024
1353:2017
1323:ISBN
1302:2024
1275:2014
1244:ISBN
1216:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1160:2018
1029:2021
934:2024
851:2021
718:Kuri
521:news
302:Name
275:and
205:The
103:Kuri
47:Kuri
1445:doi
665:to
504:by
259:of
2542::
2241:,
2237:,
2233:,
1606:.
1588:.
1584:.
1563:.
1559:.
1515:.
1487:.
1483:.
1459:.
1451:.
1441:26
1439:.
1433:.
1406:.
1370:.
1364:.
1339:.
1292:.
1286:.
1265:.
1261:.
1242:.
1214:.
1210:.
1177:.
1173:.
1146:.
1019:.
1015:.
997:.
979:.
954:^
925:.
871:^
841:.
788:^
470:.
412:–
403:–
394:–
365:–
137:,
49:,
45:,
41:,
1667:e
1660:t
1653:v
1622:.
1598:.
1573:.
1545:.
1529:.
1502:.
1471:.
1447::
1421:.
1382:.
1355:.
1331:.
1304:.
1277:.
1252:.
1224:.
1187:.
1162:.
1104:.
1080:.
1068:.
1056:.
1044:.
1031:.
983:.
936:.
911:.
899:.
853:.
816:.
571:)
565:(
560:)
556:(
546:·
539:·
532:·
525:·
498:.
388:)
378:)
243:/
240:l
237:æ
234:ɡ
231:ə
228:b
225:ɒ
222:w
219:ˈ
216:ə
213:/
23:.
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