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Black Swan proved moderately successful. It recorded
African American musicians, but as the label grew in popularity, Pace believed competing white-owned labels such as Columbia Records sought to "obstruct the progress and curtail the popularity of Black Swan Records". Although advertising for Black
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reported the event by detailing important accomplishments of Black Swan in a short career span, including: pointed out—to the major, all white-owned, record companies—the significant market demand for black artists; prompted several major companies to begin publishing music by these performers. In
1081:. "Black Swan Company to Sue Columbia Record Company – Pace Company Alleges That New Singer Under Contract Is Being Featured by Columbia Company as Its Exclusive Artist, Will Sue". Vol. 41, no. 18. p. 1 (cols. 6–7, top).
406:
addition, the
Defender credited Pace with showing the majors how to target black audiences and to advertise in black newspapers. Paramount discontinued the Black Swan label a short time later.
409:
The Black Swan label was revived in the 1990s for a series of CD reissues of historic jazz and blues recordings originally issued on Black Swan and
Paramount. These CDs were issued by
354:
Pace
Phonograph Corporation was renamed Black Swan Phonograph Company in the fall of 1922. Both the record label and production company were named after 19th century opera star
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who was one of many white artists to record for Black Swan. These artists were "passing for colored" since the label was advertised as featuring only black artists.
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Swan
Records claimed all its musicians and employees were African American, it sometimes used white musicians to back some of its singers.
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1542:
Black Swan: The Record Label of the Harlem
Renaissance – A History and Catalogue Listing Including Olympic Records and Associated Labels
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Suisman, David (2004). "Co-Workers in the
Kingdom of Culture: Black Swan Records and the Political Economy of African American Music".
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283:, Black Swan Records was established to give African Americans more creative liberties. Eighteen months earlier, in 1919, the
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was a singer who recorded "Deep River" (1922) /"Song of India" (1922) and "Christmas Chimes" with Ethel Waters on Black Swan.
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was an early investor in Pace
Phonograph. Williams also promised to record for the company once his exclusive contract with
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and was based in Harlem. The new production company was formed after Pace's music publishing partnership with
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1596:(Spring 1996 term paper for a graduate course in music "Black Music in New York City 1900–1935",
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Black Swan's parent company, Pace
Phonograph Corporation, was founded in March 1921 by
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Key, Jessica R (1 February 2013). "Significant Black accomplishments in business".
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was the earliest label owned and operated by
African American George W. Broome in
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was named arranger and later musical director. Ads for Black Swan often ran in
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This article is about the 1920s US record label. For the 1960s UK label, see
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Lost Sounds: Blacks and the Birth of the Recording Industry, 1890–1919
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American Record Labels and Companies – An Encyclopedia (1891–1943)
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518:, blues singer, second only to Ethel Waters in Black Swan sales.
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Former employees of Pace & Handy staffed the new company:
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1644:(discography). Mainspring Press (blog). 2005. Archived from
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Black Recording Artists, 1877–1926: An Annotated Discography
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1600:; unpublished). The Red Hot Jazz Archive. Archived from
1165:. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 105 – via
1494:(1st ed.). Denver: Mainspring Press. p. 417.
1538:
Thygesen, Helge; Berresford, Mark; Shor, Russ (1996).
323:. As recognized by Thomas Brothers, "luminaries like
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reissues of its historic jazz and blues recordings.
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1399:Southern, Eileen; Southerland, William M. (1983).
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413:Jazzology and GHB labels under the control of the
331:served on the Black Swan board of directors", and
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291:, featuring Black classical musicians including
442:who was the first artist recorded by the label
486:featured on one of the label's first releases
1626:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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351:ended, but he died before that could occur.
1702:Black-owned companies of the United States
1630:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1225:"Black Swan 2000 Series Numerical Listing"
299:. Black Swan was revived in the 1990s for
1590:"The Rise and Fall of Black Swan Records"
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1223:Settlemier, Tyrone (September 19, 2008).
1159:Gibbs, Craig Martin (December 18, 2012).
1008:
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116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1200:Settlemier, Tyrone (November 30, 2006).
998:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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1327:The Music of Black Americans: A History
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1692:Record labels disestablished in 1924
1015:Louis Armstrong: Master of Modernism
868:"Black Swan Records – July Releases"
527:"Mamie Jones", pseudonym for singer
395:in December 1923, and in March 1924
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
16:American jazz and blues record label
1490:Sutton, Allan; Nauck, Kurt (2000).
874:(3, whole no. 141). New York: 139.
631:"Broome Special Phonograph Records"
606:
358:, who was known as the Black Swan.
13:
1515:. Mainspring Press. Archived from
948:(1, whole no. 145). New York: 44.
799:Settlemier, "Miscellaneous Series"
415:George H. Buck Jr. Jazz Foundation
200:George H. Buck Jr. Jazz Foundation
14:
1718:
1687:Record labels established in 1921
1511:Sutton, Allan (August 29, 2007).
1229:The Online Discographical Project
1206:The Online Discographical Project
1202:"Black Swan Miscellaneous Series"
285:Broome Special Phonograph Records
1642:"White Performers on Black Swan"
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1707:Early black-owned record labels
1550:: VJM Publications – via
1453:The Journal of American History
1022:. pp. 127–129 – via
938:Pace, Harry Herbert (1884–1943)
565:
41:needs additional citations for
1586:Leslie R. Campbell; 1939–2013)
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1:
1594:A History of Jazz Before 1930
1556:ARChive of Contemporary Music
1425:ARChive of Contemporary Music
847:ARChive of Contemporary Music
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399:bought the Black Swan label.
337:, the journal then edited by
1251:Notable Black American Women
1192:818293616 (all editions)
1063:858940268 (all editions)
825:University of Illinois Press
7:
1573:36338791 (all editions)
1284:24468213 (all editions)
1124:The Portal to Texas History
1010:Brothers, Thomas David, PhD
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10:
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1513:"Black Swan's Other Stars"
1331:W. W. Norton & Company
1329:(3rd ed.). New York:
445:Four Harmony Kings, vocal
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18:
1356:125122 (all editions)
1020:W.W. Norton & Company
942:"To the Investing Public"
733:Settlemier, "2000 Series"
609:The Indianapolis Recorder
429:, original member of the
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787:"White Performers," 2005
760:Gibbs, December 12, 2012
595:Sutton & Nauck, 2000
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476:, jazz and blues singer
21:Black Swan Records (UK)
1672:American record labels
987:Cite journal requires
911:Cite journal requires
454:and J. Turner Layton,
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289:Medford, Massachusetts
231:New Orleans, Louisiana
1648:on September 24, 2010
1255:Florence Cole-Talbert
560:List of record labels
522:Florence Cole Talbert
364:
1297:Via Internet Archive
1247:Smith, Jessie Carney
815:Brooks, Tim (2004).
611:. pp. S14–S15.
402:The Chicago Defender
356:Elizabeth Greenfield
329:James Weldon Johnson
65:"Black Swan Records"
50:improve this article
1677:Blues record labels
1374:. 1971 – via
774:, pp. 130–133.
690:, pp. 168–169.
675:, pp. 127–129.
549:, vaudeville singer
464:, vaudeville singer
411:George H. Buck Jr's
378:William Grant Still
267:founded in 1921 in
1682:Jazz record labels
1314:(limited preview).
1169:(limited preview).
718:, January 14, 1922
597:, pp. 21, 27.
509:Hattie King Reavis
438:C. Carroll Clark,
374:Fletcher Henderson
370:
254:Black Swan Records
134:Black Swan Records
1604:on April 27, 2016
1184:978-1-4766-0085-7
1101:Fultonhistory.com
1055:978-0-3930-6582-4
944:(advertisement).
940:(November 1922).
870:(advertisement).
397:Paramount Records
293:Harry T. Burleigh
273:African Americans
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1650:. Retrieved
1646:the original
1612:– via
1606:. Retrieved
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43:verification
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1652:February 3,
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1565:2001-537708
1523:February 2,
1235:February 2,
1212:February 2,
959:January 27,
772:Smith, 1996
748:, July 1922
661:Weusi, 1996
470:, violinist
317:W. C. Handy
1666:Categories
1548:Nottingham
1481:5322045005
1278:(Vol. 2);
1176:2012-44588
1047:2013-37726
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823:. Urbana:
808:References
640:2023-04-10
617:1288021302
535:Eva Taylor
456:vaudeville
393:bankruptcy
382:The Crisis
334:The Crisis
313:Harry Pace
281:W.C. Handy
277:Harry Pace
243:.jazzology
175:Harry Pace
76:newspapers
1325:(1997) .
1032:cite book
954:0011-1422
880:0011-1422
325:Jack Nail
151:Jazzology
1622:cite web
1588:(1996).
1434:82-25960
1385:77-98891
1340:96-28811
1268:91-35074
1012:(2014).
613:ProQuest
554:See also
440:baritone
228:Location
1473:3660349
1404:2nd ed.
1369:1st ed.
888:Harvard
484:soprano
447:quartet
421:Artists
307:History
186: (
181:Defunct
171:Founder
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156:Founded
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1469:JSTOR
1253:(re:
1097:(PDF)
571:Notes
279:with
262:blues
214:blues
206:Genre
97:JSTOR
83:books
1654:2010
1632:link
1628:link
1610:2010
1569:OCLC
1561:LCCN
1525:2010
1496:ISBN
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