223:
Although Ti6Al4V provides greater strength per weight and corrosion resistance, 316 stainless components can be more economical to produce. However, immune system reaction to nickel is a potential complication of 316. Implants and equipment that are put under pressure (bone fixation screws, prostheses, body piercing jewelry) are made out of austenitic steel, often 316L and 316LVM compliant to ASTM F138,. 316 surgical steel is used in the manufacture and handling of food and pharmaceutical products where it is often required in order to minimize metallic contamination. ASTM F138-compliant steel is also used in the manufacture of body piercing jewellery and body modification implants.
227:
often made from 440 or 420 stainless due to its high hardness coupled with acceptable corrosion resistance. Long story short, not all "surgical stainless steel" is safe for initial or healed piercings. Your piercer should be able to show you metal certs from the manufacturers they use and explain these details. For further info on safe materials for piercing, please visit safepiercing.org. Allergic reactions, when they occur, are rarely due to the stainless steel but from other factors (most commonly from mechanical irritation or harsh cleaning products). Allergic reactions typically include itching, redness, and swelling, with a discharge of clear fluid that is not
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is a grade of stainless steel that is used in biomedical applications. The most common "surgical steels" are austenitic 316 stainless and martensitic 440 and 420 stainless steels. There is no formal definition on what constitutes a "surgical stainless steel", so product manufacturers and distributors
279:
The only quality recommended for use by the
Association of Professional Piercers is Titanium that is certified to meet ASTM or ISO standards for surgical implant applications. "Look for implant certified titanium (Ti6Al4V ELI) that is ASTM F136 compliant or ISO 5832-3 compliant, or commercially pure
1115:
Some types of wood are strongly discouraged for piercing jewelry as they can cause allergic reactions or otherwise be irritating for the skin. Hardwood is preferable. Correctly treated, it doesn't swell, it's durable, stable, does not absorb a lot of moisture or body fluids, and the surface can be
1192:
is fossilized tree sap and has a long tradition of use in jewelry. Its most common color is a goldish yellow but it also comes in black, greenish, reddish, white, brown and blue and various blends. It can be found with natural inclusions of small animals, insects and plants which can be amazingly
893:
as it can melt or discolor. Acrylics can emit carcinogenic toxins above 70 degrees
Fahrenheit (21 °C), which normal body temperature is above. It is also a fragile material and can easily crack, craze or shard if dropped. Jewelry made of acrylic has a tendency to collect body fluids and skin
610:
Experienced body piercing studios clean the jewelry with a jewelry steamer, and then an ultrasonic process with warm alkaline detergent, followed by a distilled or deionized water rinse, then an alcohol rinse to help remove residues. Use Class 5 or 6 integrating indicators instead of class 1 or 2
226:
440 and 420 stainless steels, known also by the name "Cutlery
Stainless Steel", are high carbon steels alloyed with chromium. They have very good corrosion resistance compared to other cutlery steels, but their corrosion resistance is inferior to 316 stainless. Biomedical cutting instruments are
267:
The only quality recommended for use by the
Association of Professional Piercers is steel that is certified to meet ASTM or ISO standards for surgical implant applications. "Surgical Steel is made of a variety of alloys. Many of them are used for body jewelry, but only a few specific grades are
222:
316 stainless steel, also referred to as marine grade stainless steel, is a chromium, nickel, molybdenum alloy of steel that exhibits relatively good strength and corrosion resistance. Along with the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, 316 stainless is a common choice of material for biomedical implants.
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and is easily scratched. These scratches can irritate the body, especially in new piercings. Tongue jewelry made from gold is not recommended as chewing on the beads is common. To avoid the irritation of damaged jewelry from such scratches and flaws, gold colored titanium jewelry is a safer
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is a common material for plugs and other shapes. Wooden pieces tend to keep warm in cold conditions, they are lightweight, they often stay in place better than other plugs and also they allow the body to "breathe" so the piercing is less likely to smell as it might with other materials.
515:
When buying bronze jewelry, make sure to buy it from a serious manufacturer as some bronzes can contain arsenic which can "bleed" into your body. Bronze can also discolor the skin with a greenish color which can be removed but if it gets into open wounds it can permanently discolor the
283:
Pure and alloyed qualities have long been used for both piercings and surgical implants, and very few long-term allergies and other complications have been reported, though as with any material they could arise after prolonged contact with the human body. Ti6Al4V ELI alloy contains
1328:. Mammoth ivory can be found in more than the normal white/yellowish colors normal ivory has. This is because minerals in the ground sometimes color the ivory. Unless it is properly cared for, mammoth ivory is prone to cracking caused by changes in temperature and moisture levels.
69:
designation are so noted and a statement specifying the finish requirements particular to body jewelry has been added. In addition, several materials designated for applications other than implants have been proven through historical and practical application to be suitably
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etc. may be finished to an acceptably smooth surface. Biological organic materials seem to allow your body to "breathe". They get less cold than other hard solid materials due to their insulating properties during winter. However, like wood, they can dry and crack.
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came into force - high nickel bearing alloys were restricted from use in primary (new) piercings. Because of its virtually 'Nickel Free' content
Titanium has become one of the preferred materials used in piercing jewellery within the borders of the
399:, but it is softer and heavier. When using niobium in a piercing jewelry it has to be as pure as possible, the threshold value being 99.9% niobium. This is sometimes called "999 Niobium". Impurities in low quality material can lead to
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Wood has grain that will rise if not properly finished, dramatically changing the texture. The porosity of wood and inability to be safely sterilized renders it inappropriate as a material for initial piercings or unhealed stretches.
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together. When the piercing was healed, the plastic was cut and pulled out, and then real jewelry was inserted. The method is still in use today, but to a much smaller extent. There are many better and safer ways today.
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If correctly shaped and manufactured, glass can be a functional material: comfortable to wear, tough, and safe for the body. However, cheaper glass beads that unprotected can easily break into shards. If you drop glass
831:. However, many polymers are absorbent and have a porous surface, which makes it necessary to often take the jewelry out and thoroughly clean or replace it to avoid infection or sensitization from residues.
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Biological organic materials are quite common in the world of piercings and are what were used historically by many cultures. Like wood, they seem well suited as body jewelry as they are easily shaped and
253:
Another downside is its tendency to become very cold during winter. This can cause problems; due to this, many change their jewelry to others made of horn, bone, wood, plastics and glass during winter.
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The downside of wood as body jewelry is if not cared for properly it may dry out and lose luster. This can be prevented with mineral oil or jojoba oil and avoiding excessive exposure to water.
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or other hazardous materials. However, stones are generally not a problem for the body as long as they don't have sharp or pointy edges or are not very heavy. They can most of the time be
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Animal products that are not acquired legally are not suitable as a raw material for the manufacture of body jewelry. There are ethical alternatives for some material such as fossilized
869:
1119:
Wood is also an excellent basis for more advanced jewelry. The flat faces of a plug can be inlaid with gemstones or metals, etc. Wood can easily be shaped and it comes in many colors.
811:(plastics) have been used for a long time for both implants and piercings. Early piercers often used it as a healing jewelry. After the piercing was done, a product resembling a thick
1723:
424:
The selection of niobium jewelry is much smaller than that of titanium and other common metals, mainly because niobium jewelry is more expensive and more difficult to produce.
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As said, gold jewelry should only be used in healing piercings if it is nickel free or palladium based. Allergy to gold is uncommon but it does exist, and then mostly from
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is high temperature fired stoneware. If the glaze is non-porous and free of toxic elements such as lead and cadmium it may be suitable for wear in healed piercings.
607:. It could be several things, reaction to the chemical indicators, residues left from polishing or cleaning products, or corrosion of elements in the gold itself.
307:
Titanium jewellery is lightweight (around 60% the weight of stainless steel given the same volume), it is highly corrosion resistant and less likely to react with
1481:"ASTM F136 - 13 Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium 6Aluminum 4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56401)"
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and such to the body of the jewelry-wearer, so therefore it is very important that you buy your jewelry from a company with ethical good manufacturing practices.
532:, has been common for centuries in all forms of jewelry. It has a certain luster and can also be treated to make certain areas black which gives a nice contrast.
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For body jewelry purposes, surfaces and ends must be smooth, free of nicks, scratches, burrs, polishing compounds and metals must have a consistent mirror finish.
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The two most common standards that apply to body jewelry made of steel are ASTM F138 and ISO 5832-1 which describe the qualities of steel for surgical implants.
1754:"ASTM F754 - 08 Standard Specification for Implantable Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Sheet, Tube, and Rod Shapes Fabricated from Granular Molding Powders"
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is a common piercing material which has been used for thousands of years. For example, earplugs made of glass have been found in ancient
Egyptian tombs.
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The material has a smooth surface that is kind to the skin, but tends to be a little fragile and can't handle heat very well, so it shouldn't be
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62:
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1563:"Standard Specification for Implantable Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Sheet, Tube, and Rod Shapes Fabricated from Granular Molding Powders"
276:
Titanium body jewelry is often manufactured in either commercially pure grades 1 to 4, grade 5 TI6AL4V alloy or grade 23 Ti6AL4V ELI alloy.
246:
this can be a problem as it can cause tension in the body tissue, and also unwanted stretching or tearing of a piercing. In areas with low
1196:
Amber is commonly used for inlays in metal jewelry or in plugs made of horn, bone or wood etc., but there are also massive amber plugs.
66:
1425:"Standard Specification for Wrought 18Chromium-14Nickel-2.5Molybdenum Stainless Steel Bar and Wire for Surgical Implants (UNS S31673)"
1616:
1305:
Lower quality jewelry might have scratches or cracks which can harbor bacteria, or poor finishes which can result in harsh textures.
857:, not magnetic, and very stable. It is suited for implants and piercings, especially if some flexibility of the material is desired.
577:, the most common being 18k, with 24k being entirely pure and much softer. 18k gold usually contains 75% gold and the remaining 25%
421:
Niobium can be heat treated to obtain a permanently dim black surface. A Septum retainer in black niobium is practically invisible.
235:. Polishing the jewelry to a mirror like luster results in a protective layer of chromium oxide which reduces the migration of the
1538:"Standard Specification for Unalloyed Titanium, for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R50250, UNS R50400, UNS R50550, UNS R50700)"
1824:
1677:
Fischer, Torkel; Fregert, Sigfrid; Gruvberger, Birgitta; Rystedt, Ingela (1984). "Contact sensitivity to nickel in white gold".
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Due to the material's smoothness, it has been used for stretching. Many overenthusiastic wearers have damaged their holes with
1324:
of
Siberia. The abundance of mammoth ivory, and the fact that the trade is legal, has dealt a hard blow against the illegal
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55:
1404:: Information on care of natural materials, endangered wood species, possible allergic reactions to wood species, and more
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The quality varies widely with different gems, and it can be hard to find stones big enough without cracks and scratches.
879:, sold as plexiglas or any of a variety of names, is a transparent plastic, in piercing mostly used for plugs and tapers.
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1335:, as it will destroy them. They are also unsuitable for unhealed piercings or for wear while stretching existing ones.
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250:, such as the earlobe, this can be potentially dangerous. However, with smaller jewelry, there is no need to worry.
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to create a layer of colored oxide on the surface. Common colors are yellow, blue, purple, green, and rainbow.
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600:. In some extreme cases, the copper in the jewelry can tarnish and cause greenish discoloring of the tissue.
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was invented in 1938 and can be refined for use in the medical industry for prolonged contact with skin.
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in the USA has developed safety standards for body jewelry based on research and historical experience.
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Bronze is an alloy of different metals but the most common blend (in piercing jewelry) is 90%
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Any plastic material that is ISO 10993-6, 10993-10 and/or 10993-11 compliant and/or meets the
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It is not a safe material for damaged or new piercings and can not be heat sterilized by
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Hand carved tusks made out of horn, these are normally worn in nasal septum piercings.
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Refined PTFE can be made biocompatible. It is a lightweight plastic, it is bendable,
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1312:, mastodon, or walrus ivory, which is a mineralized material most commonly found in
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is often used in larger piercings in the form of earweights and ethnic jewelry from
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on the floor, you probably won't be able to use it again. Also if you have a cheap
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231:. The element in stainless steel that causes allergic reactions in some people is
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Laeijendecker, R; Van Joost, Th (1994). "Oral manifestations of gold allergy".
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suggests that it may only be used for temporary wear in healed piercings.
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which contains copper that can discolor the skin. Others may contain
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Gems or gemstones are mostly used as inlays in plugs and as beads in
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and accidentally chew on it, it can break into tiny shards and cause
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regulations specifying which materials can be used in new piercings.
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1245:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1161:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1066:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
955:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
780:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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668:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
466:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
364:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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apply the term to refer to any grade of corrosion resistant steel.
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Minimum
Standard for Jewelry Surface Finish for Initial Piercings
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All threaded or press-fit jewelry must have internal tapping (no
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93:(Ti6Al4V ELI) that is ASTM F136 compliant or ISO 5832-3 compliant
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1320:. Every year, large amounts of mammoth ivory are exposed in the
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One disadvantage of steel is its weight. For larger pieces of
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When using gold for piercings, a lower purity than 14 or 18
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Minimum
Standard for Jewelry Threading for Initial Piercings
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can't stand the heat and should be cleaned some other way.
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14K gold barbells in front of 24K gold for color comparison
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1770:. The Association of Professional Piercers. Archived from
211:
316L stainless steel, unpolished straight from the foundry
509:
87:
that is ISO 10993-6, 10993-10, and/or 10993-11 compliant
1641:
823:
Polymers can be light, with resistance to the body's
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but the heat may cause cracking in cheaper products.
133:, lead-free borosilicate or lead-free soda-lime glass
81:
that is ASTM F-138 compliant or ISO 5832-1 compliant
39:. Certain countries, such as those belonging to the
1108:as that can cause cracking, warping, or splitting.
585:and traces of other metals. In lower quality gold,
51:
Minimum standards for jewelry for initial piercings
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1298:Badly cleaned materials can transfer remaining
1644:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
142:Tygon Medical Surgical Tubing S-50HL or S-54HL
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414:. It is allowed in healing piercings by the
406:Pure niobium does not react to body fluids,
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611:chemical process indicators for monitoring
257:Steel body jewelry may be sterilized in an
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555:with a long tradition for use in jewelry.
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1331:Bone, horn, ivory and such should not be
1261:Learn how and when to remove this message
1177:Learn how and when to remove this message
1082:Learn how and when to remove this message
971:Learn how and when to remove this message
815:was inserted in the hole and its end was
796:Learn how and when to remove this message
684:Learn how and when to remove this message
573:Piercing jewelry is often made of a gold
482:Learn how and when to remove this message
380:Learn how and when to remove this message
1470:
1414:
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993:Some stones may affect the body such as
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206:
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56:The Association of Professional Piercers
1768:"Jewelry for Healed Piercings Brochure"
1527:
593:and other irritants can also be found.
280:titanium that is ASTM F67 compliant.".
2365:
901:Acrylic can be a chemical irritant or
894:parts in tiny pores and fissures. The
1806:
872:Acrylic plastic body piercing jewelry
863:
860:PTFE is commonly used as a retainer.
410:or cleaning agents. It can safely be
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896:Association of Professional Piercers
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1619:. 25 September 2009. Archived from
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2347:Body piercing regulation in the UK
1691:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00056.x
14:
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1832:
1593:. 27 January 2010. Archived from
318:Titanium can be sterilized in an
159:Class VI material classification.
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925:
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603:Gold can become discolored from
562:(58 to 75%) is not recommended.
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157:United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
152:) that is ASTM F754-00 compliant
1848:Contemporary piercing practices
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501:and other places of the world.
16:Materials used in body piercing
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528:Jewelry made out of silver, a
203:Stainless steel nipple jewelry
1:
1656:10.1016/S0190-9622(94)70018-4
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827:and can be safe against most
700:Ear Spirals made out of glass
311:, is not magnetic, it can be
1116:polished to be very smooth.
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7:
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1241:the claims made and adding
1157:the claims made and adding
1062:the claims made and adding
1009:, but some stones, such as
951:the claims made and adding
776:the claims made and adding
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664:the claims made and adding
462:the claims made and adding
360:the claims made and adding
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99:that is ASTM F-67 compliant
10:
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909:from the decomposition of
907:Acrylic monomer dermatitis
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2012:
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615:sterilization with gold.
565:Gold is about as soft as
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239:content into the tissue.
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102:Solid 14-carat or higher
27:are used. Some cannot be
2205:Female genital piercings
2172:Unisex genital piercings
1206:
1122:
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216:Surgical stainless steel
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31:, and others may induce
1841:General piercing topics
1726:10 January 2020 at the
1350:Body piercing jewellery
1027:
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834:
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146:Polytetrafluoroethylene
139:(plastics) as follows:
2352:List of body piercings
2263:Male genital piercings
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873:
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395:is a metal resembling
268:proven biocompatible"
212:
204:
106:-free white or yellow
74:for initial piercing.
2326:Reverse Prince Albert
1756:. ASTM International.
1740:"Faq – Gorilla Glass"
1722:painfulpleasures.com
1276:
871:
699:
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210:
202:
1623:on 28 September 2011
23:, a wide variety of
1617:"Jewelry Standards"
911:methyl methacrylate
853:, not visible with
297:EU Nickel Directive
2248:Princess Albertina
1720:General glass info
1679:Contact Dermatitis
1279:
1226:possibly contains
1142:possibly contains
1047:possibly contains
936:possibly contains
874:
864:Acrylic, plexiglas
825:chemical reactions
761:possibly contains
730:It is possible to
702:
649:possibly contains
546:
447:possibly contains
345:possibly contains
213:
205:
33:allergic reactions
19:In modern Western
2360:
2359:
1911:Captive bead ring
1793:Lead glass#Safety
1774:on 23 August 2012
1591:"Initial Jewelry"
1510:"ISO 5832-3:1996"
1453:"ISO 5832-1:2007"
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1228:original research
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1104:It should not be
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1023:Natural materials
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734:glass in a steam-
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449:original research
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347:original research
248:blood circulation
61:Products with an
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2013:Facial piercings
1878:Ear piercing gun
1873:Surface piercing
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2373:Body piercing
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2223:Clitoral hood
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1982:
1980:
1977:
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1961:
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1956:Ear piercings
1953:
1947:
1946:Nipple shield
1944:
1942:
1939:
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1934:
1932:
1929:
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1926:Prince's wand
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1863:Play piercing
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1834:Body piercing
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1224:This section
1222:
1213:
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1197:
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1191:
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1140:This section
1138:
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1102:
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1045:This section
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1000:
996:
991:
988:
986:
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972:
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946:
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939:
934:This section
932:
923:
922:
914:
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908:
904:
899:
897:
892:
887:
885:
880:
878:
870:
861:
858:
856:
852:
851:autoclaveable
847:
845:
841:
832:
830:
826:
821:
818:
814:
810:
800:
797:
789:
779:
775:
771:
765:
764:
759:This section
757:
748:
747:
739:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
708:
706:
698:
688:
685:
677:
667:
663:
659:
653:
652:
647:This section
645:
636:
635:
627:
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616:
614:
608:
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584:
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519:
513:
511:
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483:
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461:
457:
451:
450:
445:This section
443:
434:
433:
425:
422:
419:
417:
413:
409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
384:
381:
373:
363:
359:
355:
349:
348:
343:This section
341:
332:
331:
323:
321:
316:
314:
310:
305:
303:
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293:
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281:
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251:
249:
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
224:
220:
217:
209:
201:
184:
183:
174:
173:screw threads
170:
169:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
141:
140:
138:
135:
132:
129:Fused quartz
128:
125:
122:
119:
115:
111:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
75:
73:
72:biocompatible
68:
64:
59:
57:
48:
46:
42:
38:
35:, or harbour
34:
30:
26:
22:
21:body piercing
2331:Transscrotal
2091:Lip frenulum
2020:Anti-eyebrow
1916:Flesh tunnel
1891:
1799:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1772:the original
1762:
1748:
1734:
1715:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1650:(2): 205–9.
1647:
1643:
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1621:the original
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:the original
1570:. Retrieved
1567:www.astm.org
1566:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1542:www.astm.org
1541:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:the original
1460:. Retrieved
1456:
1432:. Retrieved
1429:www.astm.org
1428:
1330:
1307:
1304:
1297:
1280:
1257:
1248:
1225:
1198:
1195:
1188:
1173:
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1141:
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1114:
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1103:
1100:
1093:
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1069:
1046:
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992:
989:
982:
967:
958:
935:
900:
888:
881:
875:
859:
848:
838:
822:
813:fishing line
807:
792:
783:
760:
729:
709:
703:
680:
671:
648:
622:
609:
602:
595:
572:
570:substitute.
564:
557:
547:
527:
514:
503:
493:
478:
469:
446:
423:
420:
418:nickel law.
405:
391:
376:
367:
344:
317:
306:
294:
282:
278:
275:
266:
263:
256:
252:
241:
225:
221:
214:
60:
54:
24:
18:
2316:Magic cross
2070:Nose bridge
1853:Scalpelling
1685:(1): 23–4.
1402:Organic LLC
1326:ivory trade
725:lacerations
605:autoclaving
553:noble metal
530:noble metal
309:body fluids
2281:Deep shaft
2228:Fourchette
1984:Industrial
1964:Antitragus
1941:Nose chain
1858:Stretching
1409:References
1333:autoclaved
1322:permafrost
1235:improve it
1201:autoclaved
1151:improve it
1106:autoclaved
1056:improve it
1007:autoclaved
945:improve it
770:improve it
658:improve it
598:white gold
456:improve it
412:autoclaved
354:improve it
175:on posts).
29:autoclaved
2276:Apadravya
2271:Ampallang
2243:Nefertiti
2213:Christina
2049:Lip plate
1892:materials
1868:Pocketing
1778:24 August
1365:Autoclave
1251:July 2018
1239:verifying
1167:July 2018
1155:verifying
1072:July 2018
1060:verifying
1018:Gemstones
995:malachite
961:July 2018
949:verifying
891:autoclave
829:allergies
786:July 2018
774:verifying
736:autoclave
732:sterilize
674:July 2018
662:verifying
624:Porcelain
619:Porcelain
613:autoclave
499:Indonesia
472:July 2018
460:verifying
401:allergies
370:July 2018
358:verifying
320:autoclave
295:When the
259:autoclave
25:materials
2367:Category
2340:See also
2296:Foreskin
2253:Triangle
2233:Isabella
2218:Clitoris
2195:Chastity
2127:Hand web
2075:Philtrum
1724:Archived
1707:46626556
1627:14 April
1601:14 April
1491:14 April
1370:Titanium
1339:See also
1300:bacteria
903:allergen
886:tapers.
817:rivetted
809:Polymers
742:Polymers
508:and 10%
397:titanium
313:anodized
290:vanadium
286:aluminum
272:Titanium
137:Polymers
118:platinum
97:Titanium
91:Titanium
37:bacteria
2137:Madison
2035:Jestrum
2030:Eyebrow
1989:Orbital
1901:Barbell
1888:Jewelry
1699:6705515
1664:8288779
1396:Sources
1385:Niobium
1355:Earring
1314:Siberia
1310:mammoth
1233:Please
1149:Please
1054:Please
1003:arsenic
943:Please
884:acrylic
877:Acrylic
768:Please
713:jewelry
656:Please
454:Please
393:Niobium
352:Please
326:Niobium
244:jewelry
124:Niobium
43:, have
2306:Hafada
2301:Frenum
2291:Fibula
2185:Guiche
2157:Nipple
2122:Corset
2096:Tongue
2055:Monroe
2040:Labret
2004:Tragus
1931:Spiral
1705:
1697:
1662:
1572:1 July
1547:1 July
1519:1 July
1462:1 July
1434:1 July
1390:Bronze
1380:Silver
1318:Alaska
855:X-rays
844:Teflon
591:nickel
583:silver
579:copper
524:Silver
518:tissue
506:copper
495:Bronze
428:Bronze
408:oxygen
237:Nickel
233:nickel
190:Metals
116:-free
114:nickel
112:Solid
104:nickel
2311:Lorum
2286:Dydoe
2238:Labia
2190:Pubic
2162:Wrist
2147:Navel
2106:Uvula
2025:Cheek
1979:Helix
1974:Daith
1969:Conch
1703:S2CID
1360:Glass
1292:ivory
1207:Fauna
1190:Amber
1123:Amber
1011:opals
719:in a
705:Glass
630:Glass
575:alloy
560:carat
551:is a
229:lymph
195:Steel
131:glass
120:alloy
85:Steel
79:Steel
45:legal
2180:Anus
2152:Neck
2142:Nape
2060:Nose
1999:Snug
1994:Rook
1936:Stud
1921:Plug
1906:Claw
1780:2012
1695:PMID
1660:PMID
1629:2011
1603:2011
1574:2023
1549:2023
1521:2023
1493:2011
1464:2023
1436:2023
1375:Gold
1288:horn
1284:bone
1095:Wood
1028:Wood
1016:See
999:lead
985:BCRs
917:Gems
840:PTFE
835:PTFE
717:bead
587:zinc
567:lead
549:Gold
536:Gold
288:and
150:PTFE
126:(Nb)
108:gold
67:ASTM
2132:Hip
2045:Lip
1687:doi
1652:doi
1514:ISO
1457:ISO
1316:or
1237:by
1153:by
1058:by
1001:or
947:by
842:or
772:by
660:by
510:tin
458:by
356:by
65:or
63:ISO
2369::
1701:.
1693:.
1683:10
1681:.
1658:.
1648:30
1646:.
1582:^
1565:.
1540:.
1529:^
1512:.
1501:^
1472:^
1455:.
1444:^
1427:.
1416:^
1290:,
1286:,
1203:.
987:.
913:.
727:.
589:,
581:,
520:.
512:.
416:EU
403:.
322:.
304:.
302:EU
292:.
261:.
41:EU
2066:)
2062:(
2051:)
2047:(
1894:)
1890:(
1826:e
1819:t
1812:v
1782:.
1742:.
1709:.
1689::
1666:.
1654::
1631:.
1605:.
1576:.
1551:.
1523:.
1495:.
1466:.
1438:.
1264:)
1258:(
1253:)
1249:(
1231:.
1180:)
1174:(
1169:)
1165:(
1147:.
1085:)
1079:(
1074:)
1070:(
1052:.
974:)
968:(
963:)
959:(
941:.
799:)
793:(
788:)
784:(
766:.
687:)
681:(
676:)
672:(
654:.
485:)
479:(
474:)
470:(
452:.
383:)
377:(
372:)
368:(
350:.
148:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
