517:
543:"To the Esteemed Government of the Principality of Bulgaria. In view of the critical and terrible situation of the Bulgarian population of the Monastir Vilayet following the devastations and cruelties perpetrated by the Turkish troops and bashibazouks, in view of the fact that these devastations and cruelties continue systematically, and that one cannot foresee how far they will reach; in view, furthermore, of the fact that here everything Bulgarian is running the risk of perishing and being obliterated without a trace by violence, hunger and by approaching poverty, the General Staff considers it its duty to draw the attention of the Esteemed Bulgarian Government to the fatal consequences for the Bulgarian nation, if it fails to discharge its duty to its own brothers here in an impressive and energetic manner, made imperative by force of circumstances and by the danger threatening the common Bulgarian homeland at the present moment ..."
181:
445:
469:
501:
485:
172:
800:
represent, being more concerned with his own agenda than that of the movement... The
British consul in Monastir, contra Durham's account, recorded in January 1904 that Sarafov appeared to still enjoy 'immense personal prestige everywhere in this district where every village has been visited by him'... Writing in 1903, Krste Misirkov made a rather different claim regarding Sarafov, that he was very much at odds with the Bulgarian administration, in his activism to separate Macedonian from Bulgarian politics
457:
31:
116:
104:
137:
325:. This included seducing the plain daughters or bored wives of wealthy men and persuading them to make donations to the revolutionary cause. By 1904, Sarafov had a reputation of profiteering and embezzling funds from his organization. He was described by William Curtis in 1903 as "a notorious gambler and dissolute politician" and by Joseph Swire in 1939 as "violent, tiresome, unscrupulous, with a genius for publicity."
846:"Concerning the individuals assessed as contradictory (Boris Saratov, Hristo Matov, etc.), of which special emphasis is made on Todor Alexandrov, the main remark is that they belong to pro-Bulgarian wing of IMRO, that they were in constant conflict with the "left", that they nurtured Bulgarian national feelings and that they were in direct or indirect relation with the Bulgarian court."
340:" to oppose the Bulgarian annexationists in Macedonia. In November 1903, Sarafov made another visit there, when he obtained an significant grant of money from the Serbian government for allowing the entry of the first Serbian bands into Macedonia, which decision was sharply criticised by other IMARO activists.
729:
Sarafov himself reports a visit to
Belgrade in 1902, where he tried to win Serbian backing for the project of 'Macedonia for Macedonians', pointing out that only by this means could the oppose the annexationists among Macedonian circles who were effectively agents of Bulgarian policy... Sarafov was
540:
Letter No. 534 from the
General Staff of the Second Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Region to the Bulgarian Government on the position of the insurgent Bulgarian population, requesting military intervention from Bulgaria, September 9, 1903, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of History,
678:
Sarafov, while travelling in Europe for the
Macedonian cause, had asserted, when chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Committee, in an interview to a Viennese newspaper (in 1901), that the Macedonians possessed a distinct 'national character'. And a year later, when he was no more chairman, he
799:
Edith Durham, delivering relief after the
Uprising in the area around Lake Prespa, states that she had expected to find Sarafov in favour, but that for the most part, he was very unpopular... A major point of criticism of Sarafov was that he was disconnected from the people whom he claimed to
401:
claimed
Sarafov was in opposition to the Bulgarian administration. Sarafov in 1901 stated in an interview that Macedonians had a distinct "national element"; the following year, he stated: "We the Macedonians are neither Serbs nor Bulgarians, but simply Macedonians." Yet, Sarafov maintained a
368:
with equality for all subjects and nationalities. The
Centralist's faction of the IMARO drifted increasingly towards Bulgarian nationalism since 1904. The years 1905-1907 saw the slow split between the two factions. Finally, as a result, Sarafov was sentenced to death by the leftists. He was
355:
attempted to exploit the
Supremacistsβ former favourable position with the Bulgarian government, by sending it a desperate letter pleading for military assistance, but failed. The failure of the Ilinden Uprising also reignited the old rivalries between the varying factions of the Macedonian
516:
848:
For more see: ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π’Π°ΡΠ΅Π²Π°, Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° Π‘Π»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎ ΠΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ (Slavko
Milosavlevski's Sociology of Macedonian national consciousness), p. 30-31; 43 in: Sociological Review. UDK 316.347 (=163.3) pp.
596:, wrote a letter to the Bulgarian government with demand for direct Bulgarian military intervention, arguing for this with the words: "With a view to the critical and fearsome situation, in which the Bulgarian population of
679:
claimed that 'We the
Macedonians are neither Serbs nor Bulgarians, but simply Macedonians. The Macedonian people exist independently of the Bulgarian and Serbian . . .. Macedonia exists only for the Macedonians'.
302:, Sarafov was conjuring revolutionary ideas that later proved to be at odds with the policy of the government. Sarafov had apparently overstepped his prerogatives by plotting the assassination of a
730:
anything but a straightforward pawn of Bulgarian policy; criticised by some for excessive pro-Serbianism, his own position was strongly autonomist... he can easily be labelled as anti-Bulgarian
1012:
1032:
911:
385:
A criticism of Sarafov is that he was more concerned with his own agenda than the people he claimed to represent. During his life, views of Sarafov varied by account.
294:, in 1899 he became its leader. As a rule, most of its leaders were with stronger connections with the governments, waging struggle for a direct unification with
423:
project, a monument to Sarafov was erected in the center of the city in 2013. The monument was dismantled without explanation in 2016 by municipal authorities.
484:
290:
for a few days. Later he worked again as an officer for a short time. Six years after the establishment of the Macedonian Supreme Committee based in
1067:
859:
444:
468:
180:
475:
344:
263:
223:
108:
500:
413:, Sarafov was not well received in the official historiographies. The public in North Macedonia still perceives Sarafov as a controversial
1047:
885:
690:
Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century, Wojciech Roszkowski and Jan Kofman, Routledge, 2016,
267:
160:
919:
188:
to the Bulgarian Government, signed by Sarafov and requisitioning military intervention for the salvation of the local Bulgarians.
414:
1052:
1037:
811:
Raymond Detrez (2014) Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria, Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 393,
1017:
1002:
617:
1042:
775:
Paramilitarism in the Balkans: Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania, 1917-1924, Dmitar TasiΔ, Oxford University Press, 2020,
661:
1007:
997:
780:
763:
695:
671:
638:
364:, earning him much suspicion. The left-wing faction opposed Bulgarian nationalism and advocated the creation of a
1057:
410:
356:
revolutionary movement. Sarafov resorted back to his old ways, turning against left-wing leading figures such as
456:
1027:
833:
816:
746:
593:
572:
348:
934:
1062:
793:
Keith Brown (2004). "Villains and Symbolic Pollution in the Narratives of Nations". In Maria Todorova (ed.).
723:
Keith Brown (2004). "Villains and Symbolic Pollution in the Narratives of Nations". In Maria Todorova (ed.).
708:
Keith Brown (2004). "Villains and Symbolic Pollution in the Narratives of Nations". In Maria Todorova (ed.).
337:
255:
185:
63:
402:
balanced, pro-Bulgarian policy, which was opposed by the more radical, leftist, and pro-autonomist faction.
1022:
861:Π‘Π°Π½Π΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ, Π. Π¦Π²Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, Π£ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΡΠΎΡ 1759, 16 ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ²ΡΠΈ 2006.
310:, who had published unflattering remarks about the Committee. The journalist's murder brought Bulgaria and
279:
219:
953:
973:
865:
227:
600:
is at that moment" and "the circumstances and the danger, which threaten Bulgarian fatherland today".
274:. His training in this institution ended in 1894. Afterwards he worked for a short period of time as
295:
271:
121:
87:
633:(in Macedonian). Π‘ΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅: ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅. 2009. pp. 1300β1301.
541:
Bulgarian Language Institute, "Macedonia. Documents and materials", Sofia, 1978, part III, No.92:
299:
507:
307:
211:
564:
314:
to the brink of war. In 1901 Sarafov was stripped of his chairmanship and jailed for a month.
609:
891:
992:
987:
828:
Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia, Rowman & Littlefield, 2019,
758:
Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia, Rowman & Littlefield, 2019,
8:
259:
200:
741:
Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of Republic of Macedonia, Scarecrow Press, 2009,
283:
196:
829:
812:
776:
759:
742:
691:
667:
657:
634:
613:
568:
365:
361:
171:
597:
287:
247:
231:
398:
357:
275:
251:
208:
140:
67:
981:
491:
374:
370:
322:
215:
386:
610:
Who Are the Macedonians? Hugh Poulton, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000
389:
wrote in 1903 following the Ilinden Uprising that he was unpopular in the
420:
406:
390:
329:
317:
Sarafov was also a man of considerable charm. He had travelled widely in
30:
332:, following actions considered anti-Bulgarian. In 1902, Sarafov visited
585:
352:
155:
565:
The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation
303:
136:
333:
243:
393:
region. However, in January 1904 the British consul in Monastir (
311:
282:
and was released from the Army. He led an insurgent operation in
589:
522:
The former monument of Sarafov in Skopje, dismantled in 2018.
433:
In Bulgaria, streets in various towns are named after Sarafov.
427:
394:
318:
419:
i.e pro-Bulgarian revolutionary. As part of the controversial
234:, having identified occasionally as a Macedonian in his life.
1013:
Members of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
351:
and participated in it. After all seemed lost, he along with
291:
83:
397:) reported that he was immensely popular there. In 1903,
345:
Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization
328:
Prior to the Ilinden Uprising, Sarafov was criticized as
242:
Boris Sarafov was born in 1872 in the village Libyahovo,
584:
In the autumn of 1903 Boris Sarafov in conjunction with
343:
In 1902 Sarafov was elected among the leaders of the
935:"Macedonia Monument-Building Drive Enters New Phase"
932:
1033:Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki alumni
954:"ΠΠ°Π΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π‘Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ?"
656:
592:revolutionary district during suppression of the
567:, Keith Brown, Princeton University Press, 2003,
979:
278:officer. In 1895 Sarafov became a member of the
951:
207:; 12 June 1872 – 28 November 1907) was a
797:. New York University Press. p. 242-244.
270:in Sofia, the capital of the recently created
224:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
258:, Bulgaria). He grew up schooled through the
652:
650:
369:assassinated in 1907 in Sofia together with
918:(in Macedonian). 2010-12-25. Archived from
792:
722:
707:
663:The Macedonian Question and the Macedonians
588:, both members of the general staff of the
264:Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki
727:. New York University Press. p. 244.
29:
712:. New York University Press. p. 242.
647:
298:. During his time under the patronage of
179:
1068:People assassinated in the 20th century
887:Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ "Π€ΠΎΡΡΠΌ", Π±Ρ.130, 5 ΡΠ½ΠΈ 2003 Π³.
450:Bulgarian army officers. Sarafov is #3.
347:(IMARO). He supported the start of the
220:Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee
980:
494:and Boris Sarafov among their friends.
336:trying to gain Serbian support for a "
184:Letter from the General Staff of the
795:Balkan Identities: Nation and Memory
725:Balkan Identities: Nation and Memory
710:Balkan Identities: Nation and Memory
321:raising funds for a war against the
933:Sinisa Jakov Marusic (2013-04-08).
912:"ΠΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ Π±Π΅Π· Π‘Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²?!"
426:A street is named after Sarafov in
377:, a trusted man of Yane Sandanski.
226:(IMRO). He is considered an ethnic
16:Bulgarian revolutionary (1872β1907)
13:
14:
1079:
1048:Burials at Central Sofia Cemetery
968:
462:Boris Sarafov and his supporters.
631:ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠΌ II
515:
499:
483:
467:
455:
443:
170:
135:
114:
102:
945:
926:
904:
878:
852:
839:
822:
805:
786:
769:
752:
735:
974:American newspapers on Sarafov
952:Tamara Stojkova (2018-02-03).
716:
701:
684:
623:
603:
594:Ilinden-Preobrazhenie uprising
578:
558:
534:
268:Military School of His Majesty
262:'s school in Nevrokop and the
1:
1053:Deaths by firearm in Bulgaria
1038:Assassinated Bulgarian people
551:
338:Macedonia for the Macedonians
266:. Later Sarafov attended the
186:Bitola Revolutionary District
1018:Bulgarian military personnel
1003:People from Salonica vilayet
506:The grave of Sarafov at the
280:Macedonian Supreme Committee
237:
7:
1043:People murdered in Bulgaria
474:Lieutenant Boris Sarafov's
10:
1084:
436:
1008:Bulgarian revolutionaries
380:
204:
166:
154:
146:
129:
93:
73:
50:
40:
35:Portrait of Boris Sarafov
28:
21:
998:People from Hadzhidimovo
666:. Taylor & Francis.
527:
272:Principality of Bulgaria
218:, one of the leaders of
122:Principality of Bulgaria
88:Principality of Bulgaria
1058:Bulgarian nationalists
508:Central Sofia Cemetery
189:
161:Sofia Military Academy
1028:Macedonian Bulgarians
939:Balkan Insight (BIRN)
183:
1063:Macedonian educators
205:ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π‘Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
193:Boris Petrov Sarafov
45:ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π‘Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
23:Boris Petrov Sarafov
1023:Bulgarian educators
260:Bulgarian Exarchate
476:revolutionary band
190:
658:Alexis Heraclides
618:978-1-85065-534-3
366:Balkan Federation
362:Hristo Chernopeev
308:Θtefan MihΔileanu
306:newspaper editor
284:Ottoman Macedonia
178:
177:
1075:
962:
961:
960:(in Macedonian).
949:
943:
942:
930:
924:
923:
908:
902:
901:
900:
899:
890:, archived from
882:
876:
875:
874:
873:
864:, archived from
856:
850:
843:
837:
826:
820:
809:
803:
802:
790:
784:
773:
767:
756:
750:
739:
733:
732:
720:
714:
713:
705:
699:
688:
682:
681:
654:
645:
644:
627:
621:
607:
601:
598:Manastir Vilayet
582:
576:
562:
545:
538:
519:
503:
487:
471:
459:
447:
349:Ilinden Uprising
300:Prince Ferdinand
248:Salonica vilayet
206:
174:
139:
131:
120:
118:
117:
107:
106:
105:
80:
77:28 November 1907
60:
58:
33:
19:
18:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1072:
978:
977:
971:
966:
965:
950:
946:
931:
927:
916:Nova Makedonija
910:
909:
905:
897:
895:
884:
883:
879:
871:
869:
858:
857:
853:
844:
840:
827:
823:
810:
806:
791:
787:
774:
770:
757:
753:
740:
736:
721:
717:
706:
702:
689:
685:
674:
655:
648:
641:
629:
628:
624:
608:
604:
583:
579:
563:
559:
554:
549:
548:
539:
535:
530:
523:
520:
511:
504:
495:
488:
479:
472:
463:
460:
451:
448:
439:
383:
246:region, in the
240:
232:North Macedonia
115:
113:
103:
101:
82:
78:
62:
56:
54:
46:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1081:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
970:
969:External links
967:
964:
963:
944:
925:
922:on 2011-03-03.
903:
877:
851:
838:
821:
804:
785:
768:
751:
734:
715:
700:
683:
672:
646:
639:
622:
602:
577:
556:
555:
553:
550:
547:
546:
532:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
521:
514:
512:
505:
498:
496:
490:The bodies of
489:
482:
480:
473:
466:
464:
461:
454:
452:
449:
442:
438:
435:
399:Krste Misirkov
382:
379:
358:Yane Sandanski
276:Bulgarian Army
252:Ottoman Empire
239:
236:
209:Bulgarian Army
176:
175:
168:
164:
163:
158:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
141:Bulgarian Army
133:
127:
126:
125:
124:
111:
99:
95:
91:
90:
81:(aged 35)
75:
71:
70:
68:Ottoman Empire
52:
48:
47:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1080:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
983:
976:
975:
959:
955:
948:
940:
936:
929:
921:
917:
913:
907:
894:on 2008-02-17
893:
889:
888:
881:
868:on 2011-08-19
867:
863:
862:
855:
847:
842:
835:
831:
825:
818:
814:
808:
801:
796:
789:
782:
781:9780198858324
778:
772:
765:
764:9781538119624
761:
755:
748:
744:
738:
731:
726:
719:
711:
704:
697:
696:9781317475941
693:
687:
680:
675:
673:9781000289404
669:
665:
664:
659:
653:
651:
642:
640:9786082030241
636:
632:
626:
619:
615:
611:
606:
599:
595:
591:
587:
581:
574:
570:
566:
561:
557:
544:
537:
533:
518:
513:
509:
502:
497:
493:
492:Ivan Garvanov
486:
481:
477:
470:
465:
458:
453:
446:
441:
440:
434:
431:
429:
424:
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
378:
376:
375:Todor Panitsa
372:
371:Ivan Garvanov
367:
363:
359:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:and occupied
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:revolutionary
213:
210:
202:
198:
194:
187:
182:
173:
169:
165:
162:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
128:
123:
112:
110:
100:
98:
97:
96:
92:
89:
85:
76:
72:
69:
65:
53:
49:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
972:
957:
947:
938:
928:
920:the original
915:
906:
896:, retrieved
892:the original
886:
880:
870:, retrieved
866:the original
860:
854:
845:
841:
824:
807:
798:
794:
788:
771:
754:
737:
728:
724:
718:
709:
703:
686:
677:
662:
630:
625:
605:
580:
560:
542:
536:
432:
425:
415:
411:SR Macedonia
404:
387:Edith Durham
384:
342:
327:
316:
241:
192:
191:
79:(1907-11-28)
61:12 June 1872
993:1907 deaths
988:1872 births
421:Skopje 2014
407:PR Bulgaria
391:Lake Prespa
330:pro-Serbian
222:(SMAC) and
41:Native name
982:Categories
898:2008-02-17
872:2009-11-10
834:1538119625
817:1442241802
747:1538119625
586:Dame Gruev
573:0691099952
552:References
353:Dame Gruev
228:Macedonian
201:Macedonian
156:Alma mater
150:Lieutenant
94:Allegiance
57:1872-06-12
836:, p. 264.
783:, p. 164.
766:, p. 142.
749:, p. 198.
698:, p. 884.
416:Supremist
238:Biography
197:Bulgarian
167:Signature
64:Libyahovo
660:(2020).
620:, p. 55.
575:, p. 175
334:Belgrade
304:Romanian
296:Bulgaria
244:Nevrokop
130:Service/
958:Kanal 5
437:Gallery
312:Romania
256:Ilinden
254:(today
250:of the
212:officer
849:25-49.
832:
815:
779:
762:
745:
694:
670:
637:
616:
590:Bitola
571:
428:Skopje
395:Bitola
381:Legacy
319:Europe
288:Melnik
132:branch
119:
528:Notes
323:Turks
292:Sofia
214:and
84:Sofia
830:ISBN
813:ISBN
777:ISBN
760:ISBN
743:ISBN
692:ISBN
668:ISBN
635:ISBN
614:ISBN
569:ISBN
409:and
360:and
199:and
147:Rank
109:IMRO
74:Died
51:Born
405:In
373:by
230:in
984::
956:.
937:.
914:.
676:.
649:^
612:,
430:.
203::
86:,
66:,
941:.
819:.
643:.
510:.
478:.
195:(
59:)
55:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.png)
