461:
includes also the six
Bulgarian bishops which constitute the Exarchate's Synod. The role of newly found council have been to create draft for the Exarchate's Statute, which prescribes the inner administrative order of the Bulgarian autocephalous church. Over the next ten months, the council have discussed ideas about Exarchate's Statue. During the discussions two political camps emerged. The ″liberal-democratic″ camp included Petko Slaveykov, Todor Ikonomov and Stoyan Chomakov which argued about priority of democratic and representative functions of the Exarchate. From their point of view, civil members of the Exarchate's institutions should lead conduction of administrative functions, outside of strictly religious practices. The ″conservative″ camp argued about keeping strict church hierarchy in Exarchate's activities, pleaded for strict following of Orthodox traditions and insisted on more institutional powers based on the Exarch figure. Representatives of ″conservative″ camp were P.V. Odjakov and Ilarion Makariopolski. This political discussion continued ideological opposition between ″young″ and ″old″ patriotic groups, which were in the foundation of differentiation between the Conservative and Liberal political fractions in the Constituent Assembly in 1879 in Veliko Tarnovo.
375:
512:
1484:
778:
1540:
122:
1492:
1548:
1500:
470:
624:
1532:
716:
383:
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25:
1508:
769:. In 1945 the schism was lifted and the Patriarch of Constantinople recognised the autocephaly of the Bulgarian Church. In 1950, the Holy Synod adopted a new Statute which paved the way for the restoration of the Patriarchate and in 1953, it elected the Metropolitan of Plovdiv, Cyril, Bulgarian Patriarch.
277:("History of the Slav-Bulgarians"), a short historical work which was also the first ardent call for a national awakening. In History of Slav-Bulgarians, Paisius urged his compatriots to throw off subjugation to the Greek language and culture. The example of Paisius was followed by others, including Saint
496:
May 11] 1872, in the
Bulgarian St. Stephen Church in Constantinople, which had been closed by the Ecumenical Patriarch's order, Antim I, along with other Bulgarian hierarchs who were then restricted from all priestly ministries, celebrated a liturgy, whereafter he declared autocephaly of the
683:
rule. The
Serbians expelled Exarchist churchmen and teachers and closed Bulgarian schools and churches (affecting the standing of as many as 641 schools and 761 churches). Thousands of Bulgarian refugees left for Bulgaria, joining an even larger stream from the devastated Aegean Macedonia, where the
671:
alone, the
Bulgarian Exarchate had seven dioceses with prelates and eight more with acting chairmen in charge and 38 vicariates, 1,218 parishes and 1,310 parish priests, 1331 churches, 73 monasteries and 234 chapels, as well as 1,373 schools with 2,266 teachers and 78,854 pupils. Almost all of the
308:
It was not, however, until the 1850 that the
Bulgarians initiated a purposeful struggle against the Greek clerics in a number of bishoprics demanding their replacement with Bulgarian ones as well as other changes such as the use of Bulgarian in liturgy and fixed salaries for bishops. By that time,
460:
The process of constituting the
Exarchate as legal institution was important part of nation-building process. A meeting of the Bulgarian leaders in Constantinople chaired by Gavril Krastevich is convened on March 13, 1870 to elect ten civil members of the Temporary church council. The council
608:, actively mediated in the Greek-Bulgarian dispute. The unity of the Orthodox Church was instrumental for Russian's political interests in the Orthodox world. The attempts though to satisfy the Greek Patriarchate by reducing the territories of the Bulgarian Exarchate (noticeably
1131:, retrieved on September 8, 2007 (in Bulgarian "Разорението на тракийските българи през 1913 година", Българска академия на науките, София, Държавна печатница, 1918 г.; II фототипно издание, Културно-просветен клуб "Тракия" - София, 1989 г., София).
397:
granted the right to establish an autonomous
Bulgarian Exarchate for the dioceses of Bulgaria as well as those, wherein at least two-thirds of Orthodox Christians were willing to join it, by issuing the Sultan's
304:
The result of the work of
Paisius and his followers began before long to give fruit. Discontent with the supremacy of the Greek clergy started to flare up in several Bulgarian dioceses as early as the 1820s.
1000:
1783:
406:
February 28] 1870. The firman envisaged a broad autonomy of the
Exarchate but would leave it under the supreme canonical authority of the Ecumenical See, i.e. not full autocephaly.
231:, himself a Catholic, against the authority of the Greek Patriarchate of Constantinople in the 1850s and 1860s. In 1872, the Patriarchate was forced to declare that the Exarchate introduced
358:
intensified throughout the 1860s. As the Greek clerics were ousted from most
Bulgarian bishoprics at the end of the decade, the whole of northern Bulgaria, as well as the northern parts of
969:
From Rum Millet to Greek and Bulgarian Nations: Religious and National Debates in the Borderlands of the Ottoman Empire, 1870–1913, Theodora Dragostinova , Ohio State University, Columbus.
242:. Nevertheless, Bulgarian religious leaders continued to extend the borders of the Exarchate in the Ottoman Empire by conducting plebiscites in areas contested by both Churches.
553:(the latter declined to sign the Council's decisions) also participated, declared on September 18 (September 30) the Bulgarian Exarchate schismatic and declared its adherents
238:
in the religious organization of the Orthodox Church, and the secession from the Patriarchate was officially condemned by the Council in Constantinople in September 1872 as
1463:
437:
voted in 1874 overwhelmingly in favour of joining the Exarchate (Skopje by 91%, Ohrid by 97%) the Bulgarian Exarchate became in control of the whole of Macedonia (
1159:
Daniela Kalkandjieva, “The Restoration of the Patriarchal Dignity of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church,” Bulgarian Historical Review, Sofia, vol. 4, (1994): 101–105.
758:. During the three decades after Joseph's death, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church did not elect a regular head because of opposition from the Bulgarian government.
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1778:
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594:
590:
478:
946:
1773:
762:
1195:
The Great Church in Captivity: A Study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence
1107:
in "The National Question in Yugoslavia. Origins, History, Politics", pp. 307-328, Cornell University Press, 1984, retrieved on September 8, 2007.
1174:"Serbian Orthodox Church Cooperation and Frictions with Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and Bulgarian Exarchate During Interwar Period"
1658:
1322:
1120:
719:
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1763:
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1357:
1002:'The Bulgarian Orthodox Church' in L. N. Leustean (ed.), Orthodox Christianity and Nationalism in Nineteenth Century Southeastern Europe
1468:
182:
227:
The foundation of the Exarchate was the direct result of the actions of the most extreme Bulgarian nationalists under leadership of
1378:
675:
The immediate effect of the partition of the Ottoman Empire during the Balkan Wars was the anti-Bulgarian campaign in areas under
89:
1090:
Prof. Voin Bozhinov, "Bulgarian education in Macedonia and the Adrianople region of Thrace (1878–1913)", Publishing house of the
692:(including the Macedonian dialects) was prohibited, and its surreptitious use, whenever detected, was ridiculed or punished. The
538:
1127:, Sofia, State printing house, 1918. On-line publication of the phototype reprint of the first edition of the book in Bulgarian
61:
193:
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1373:
1352:
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68:
42:
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could not succeed unless they managed to obtain at least some degree of autonomy from the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
245:
In this way, in the struggle for recognition of a separate Church, the modern Bulgarian nation was created under the name
1788:
1748:
1703:
1693:
542:
643:, the Exarchate managed to develop and considerably extend its church and school network in the Bulgarian Principality,
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1708:
1315:
550:
1453:
1245:
1224:
1203:
1010:
632:
325:
108:
75:
901:; also it was represented by acting chairmen in charge in eight other bishoprics in the region of Macedonia and the
546:
1286:
A short history of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church by CNEWA, the papal agency for humanitarian and pastoral support
557:. The latter were accused of having "surrendered Orthodoxy to ethnic nationalism", which had been qualified as a
57:
983:
531:
258:
46:
1638:
1037:Църква и църковен живот в Македония, Петър Петров, Христо Темелски, Македонски Научен Институт, София, 2003 г.
1308:
1124:
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formally established the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as the national religion of the nation. On the eve of the
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486:
403:
328:, a community ruled immediately by the Ecumenical Patriarch in his capacity of millet-bashi and dominated by
213:
201:
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1458:
273:
205:
126:
511:
1588:
1295:
1079:
747:
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and the majority of ethnic Bulgarians were Orthodox Christians, they were automatically included in the
1698:
1414:
574:
577:, then an influential Russian Ambassador in Constantinople, the Ottoman government sent into exile in
1648:
1583:
1430:
951:
174:
155:
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777:
609:
597:. The energetic protests of the Bulgarian community in Istanbul, reverts the decision short after.
586:
438:
121:
1607:
793:
1912/1913, the Bulgarian Exarchate disposed of a total of 23 bishoprics in Bulgaria, most of the
573:). Furthermore on January 21, 1872, on request of the Patriarch and under the influence of Count
82:
35:
1409:
1404:
1047:Зина Маркова,Българската Екзархия 1870-1879, София, Българска академия на науките, 1989, стр.31
378:
Firman of Sultan Abdülaziz for the establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate, February 27, 1870.
631:
Exarch Antim I was discharged by the Ottoman government immediately after the outbreak of the
309:
most Bulgarian religious leaders had realised that any further struggle for the rights of the
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1435:
1399:
1278:
1270:
1237:
Blood Ties, Religion, Violence and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908
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by vicars. Thus, the borders of the Exarchate included all Bulgarian districts in the
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738:; he died in 1915, a few months before Bulgaria fatefully opted to participate in
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978:
A Concise History of Bulgaria, R. J. Crampton, Cambridge University Press, 2005,
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had to resign before being confirmed by the government) Bulgarian Exarch was
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who was elected by the Holy Synod of the Exarchate on February 28 [
1714:
918:
890:
850:
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519:
339:). Thus, if the Bulgarians wanted to have Bulgarian schools and liturgy in
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The subsequent Council in Constantinople, chaired by Ecumenical Patriarch
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In seeking to calm down the disturbances, the Ottoman government of the
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History of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church according to the
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501:
336:
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Simeon Radev, "The Builders of Modern Bulgaria", volume 1, chapter 3,
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claimed neutrality, but the Russian government, represented by Count
426:
232:
221:
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Commemorative coin released for 140 years of the Bulgarian Exarchate
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and the election of head of the Bulgarian Church were created after
24:
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in 1919, the Bulgarian Exarchate was deprived of its dioceses in
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had, to all intents and purposes, seceded from the Patriarchate.
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schoolmasters had been born in Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace.
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Eastern Orthodox organizations established in the 19th century
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267:(1722–1773), a monk from the south-western Bulgarian town of
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in 1945 and the Bulgarian Patriarchate was restored in 1953.
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Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878
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The Exarchate's borders went on to extend over present-day
369:
16:
Official name of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church (1870–1913)
620:), proved fruitless and against the Bulgarian interests.
343:, they needed an autonomous ecclesiastical organisation.
320:
As the Ottomans identified nationality (ethnicity) with
1198:(1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
772:
160:
445:). The Exarchate was also represented in the whole of
947:
List of Patriarchs of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
473:Ethnic composition of the central Balkans in 1870.
1735:
688:, the center of Bulgarian politics and culture.
530:by the Bulgarian Church was not accepted by the
192:) was unilaterally (without the blessing of the
1147:Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe
541:, in September 1872, wherein the Patriarchs of
296:
1659:Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria
1171:
1121:The Destruction of Thracian Bulgarians in 1913
1005:. Fordham University Press. pp. 164–201.
797:-populated area (in 1878 partly ceded by the
635:on April 24, 1877, and was sent into exile in
526:The decision on the unilateral declaration of
1316:
1080:The Russian Politics and The Bulgarian Church
1056:Зина Маркова, Българската екзархия, стр.45-46
125:An early-20th-century postcard depicting the
1140:
998:
346:The struggle between the Bulgarians, led by
1779:Religious organizations established in 1872
1769:Exarchates of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church
720:Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki
386:Map of the Bulgarian Exarchate (1870–1913).
1323:
1309:
1261:
1212:
518:'s Bulgarian boarding-school for girls in
1774:1872 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
1644:First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)
1296:The Builders of Modern Bulgaria, Volume 1
1172:Radojević, Mira; Mićić, Srđan B. (2015).
763:restoration of the Bulgarian Patriarchate
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1330:
1240:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
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425:. After the Christian population of the
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373:
370:Establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate
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639:. Under the guidance of his successor,
212:in pursuance of the March 12 [
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1469:Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878
1304:
1094:, Sofia, 1982, p. 356 (in Bulgarian).
252:
1274:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1069:, September 20, 1871, № 258, page 3.
773:Territory of the Bulgarian Exarchate
722:in the beginning of the 20th century
508:others, including Ilarion Stoyanov.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1754:History of Christianity in Bulgaria
1704:Convention of Constantinople (1881)
1358:Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)
663:in 1912, in the Ottoman Macedonian
464:
13:
1764:Christianity in the Ottoman Empire
1759:Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire
1165:
402:promulgated on March 12 [
14:
1800:
1262:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
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627:Seal of Bulgarian-Exarchate, 1872
500:The Patriarchal Synod reacted by
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1522:
1514:
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1482:
1379:Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)
1374:Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)
1353:Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)
421:, as well as over north-eastern
23:
1694:Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881
1153:
1143:"The Bulgarian Orthodox Church"
1134:
1110:
1097:
173:) was the official name of the
34:needs additional citations for
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1072:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1030:
999:Kalkandjieva, Daniela (2014).
992:
972:
963:
532:Patriarchate of Constantinople
259:National awakening of Bulgaria
204:May 11] 1872, in the
1:
1454:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
1125:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
1092:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
957:
730:transferred his offices from
633:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
1674:Battles for Plav and Gusinje
1459:Romanian War of Independence
1213:Stavrianos, Leften (2000) .
704:population was put to total
489:February 16] 1872.
297:Struggle for church autonomy
274:Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya
127:Bulgarian St. Stephen Church
7:
1709:British Occupation of Egypt
1589:Budapest Convention of 1877
940:
748:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
216:February 28] 1870
161:
10:
1805:
1789:Bulgarian National Revival
1749:Macedonian Orthodox Church
1699:French conquest of Tunisia
1234:Yosmaglu, Ipek K. (2014).
1178:Studia academica šumenesia
1067:С.-Петербургскiя вѣдомости
746:. As a consequence of the
575:Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev
256:
188:The Exarchate (a de facto
1744:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
1616:
1584:Constantinople Conference
1564:
1479:
1449:
1431:1878 Macedonian rebellion
1423:
1392:
1366:
1345:
1338:
952:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
570:
175:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
150:
1639:1876 Ottoman coup d'état
700:region, where the whole
587:Hilarion of Makariopolis
1608:Treaty of Berlin (1878)
807:the region of Macedonia
585:three Bulgarian clerks
289:(died 1820), and Abbot
1415:Kresna–Razlog uprising
1410:Razlovtsi insurrection
1405:April Uprising of 1876
1216:The Balkans Since 1453
1065:The date according to
786:
723:
628:
523:
474:
387:
379:
181:was recognized by the
170:
138:
1594:Treaty of San Stefano
1436:Epirus Revolt of 1878
1400:Stara Zagora Uprising
1279:Catholic Encyclopedia
1271:Catholic Encyclopedia
1141:Alf Johansen (1981),
780:
718:
626:
514:
472:
451:Vilayet of Adrianople
385:
377:
124:
58:"Bulgarian Exarchate"
1684:Dual Alliance (1879)
1579:Reichstadt Agreement
1441:Cretan revolt (1878)
1332:Great Eastern Crisis
781:Bulgarian School in
696:managed to keep the
657:Tarnovo Constitution
492:On May 23 [
285:(died 1824), Abbot
200:on May 23 [
194:Ecumenical Patriarch
43:improve this article
1624:Bulgarian Exarchate
761:Conditions for the
516:Tsarevna Miladinova
281:(1739–1813), Abbot
279:Sophroniy of Vratsa
265:Paisius of Hilendar
162:Balgarska ekzarhiya
143:Bulgarian Exarchate
1604:Congress of Berlin
1339:Wars and conflicts
903:Adrianople Vilayet
787:
724:
702:Thracian Bulgarian
690:Bulgarian language
669:Adrianople Vilayet
653:Adrianople Vilayet
629:
595:Hilarion of Lovech
591:Panaret of Plovdiv
524:
497:Bulgarian Church.
479:Hilarion of Lovech
475:
388:
380:
291:Kiril Peychinovich
283:Spiridon Gabrovski
253:National awakening
151:Българска екзархия
139:
1731:
1730:
1669:League of Prizren
1599:Cyprus Convention
1574:Berlin Memorandum
1477:
1476:
1384:Kumanovo uprising
1219:. London: Hurst.
1117:Lyubomir Miletich
477:The first (after
411:northern Bulgaria
287:Yoakim Karchovski
196:) decreed by the
171:Bulgar Eksarhlığı
159:
119:
118:
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93:
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1654:Eastern Question
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1265:"Bulgaria"
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1190:Runciman, Steven
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1015:. Archived from
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726:In 1913, Exarch
706:ethnic cleansing
606:Nikolai Ignatiev
572:
465:Bulgarian schism
352:Ilarion Stoyanov
247:Bulgarian Millet
206:Bulgarian church
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1166:Further reading
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1105:"The Macedoine"
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993:
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960:
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775:
655:. In 1879, the
645:Eastern Rumelia
618:Greek Macedonia
602:Most Holy Synod
506:excommunicating
467:
447:Greek Macedonia
443:Pirin Macedonia
372:
299:
263:In 1762, Saint
261:
255:
236:characteristics
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12:
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5:
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1679:Pact of Halepa
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1664:British Cyprus
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1629:Deligrad Event
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571:εθνοφυλετισμός
563:ethnophyletism
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54:Find sources:
48:
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32:This article
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1715:Marche slave
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1021:. Retrieved
1017:the original
1001:
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974:
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851:Stara Zagora
788:
767:World War II
760:
725:
674:
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600:The Russian
599:
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520:Thessaloniki
504:Antim I and
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1649:Opalchentsi
1346:Montenegrin
1103:Ivo Banac,
791:Balkan Wars
754:and Aegean
740:World War I
710:Young Turks
661:Balkan Wars
539:Anthimus VI
528:autocephaly
522:, 1882–1883
417:), most of
356:Phanariotes
190:autocephaly
179:autocephaly
177:before its
1738:Categories
1567:agreements
1184:: 126–143.
1023:2017-02-24
984:0521616379
958:References
871:Kyustendil
789:Until the
698:Adrianople
543:Alexandria
502:defrocking
427:bishoprics
354:, and the
337:Phanariots
326:Rūm millet
322:confession
311:Bulgarians
240:schismatic
220:of Sultan
99:March 2013
69:newspapers
1393:Bulgarian
895:Strumitsa
752:Macedonia
649:Macedonia
551:Jerusalem
423:Macedonia
395:Abdülaziz
364:Macedonia
341:Bulgarian
222:Abdulaziz
156:romanized
147:Bulgarian
1617:See also
1192:(1968).
941:See also
899:Nevrokop
835:Silistra
732:Istanbul
728:Joseph I
712:' army.
694:Ottomans
667:and the
665:vilayets
651:and the
641:Joseph I
583:Anatolia
449:and the
301:Source:
271:, wrote
1282:(1913).
867:Samokov
859:Plovdiv
843:Preslav
783:Kruševo
708:by the
677:Serbian
547:Antioch
483:Antim I
313:in the
167:Turkish
158::
83:scholar
1244:
1223:
1202:
1009:
988:p. 74.
982:
935:Carevo
923:Kukush
915:Kostur
911:Edessa
883:Bitola
875:Skopje
847:Sliven
831:Rousse
823:Lovech
815:Vratsa
805:) and
803:Serbia
795:Torlak
785:(1910)
756:Thrace
686:Kukush
637:Ankara
610:Vardar
559:heresy
439:Vardar
431:Skopje
419:Thrace
415:Moesia
400:firman
392:Sultan
360:Thrace
333:Greeks
330:Phanar
269:Bansko
218:firman
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1424:Greek
1149:(1:7)
931:Odrin
919:Solun
907:Lerin
891:Veles
887:Ohrid
879:Debar
863:Sofia
855:Pirot
839:Varna
811:Vidin
736:Sofia
681:Greek
614:Pirin
579:İzmir
567:Greek
435:Ohrid
131:Balat
90:JSTOR
76:books
1606:and
1367:Serb
1242:ISBN
1221:ISBN
1200:ISBN
1129:here
1007:ISBN
980:ISBN
933:and
927:Syar
897:and
819:Nish
679:and
616:and
593:and
549:and
494:O.S.
487:O.S.
441:and
433:and
404:O.S.
362:and
350:and
214:O.S.
202:O.S.
141:The
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