1834:). The match was nicknamed "Thunder Meets Lightning" as an allusion to punching power of Chávez and blinding speed of Taylor. Chávez was the epitome of the "Mexican" style of boxing. Taylor's hand and foot speed and boxing abilities gave him the early advantage, allowing him to begin building a large lead on points. Chávez remained relentless in his pursuit of Taylor and due to his greater punching power Chávez slowly punished Taylor. Coming into the later rounds, Taylor was bleeding from the mouth, his entire face was swollen, the bones around his eye socket had been broken, he had swallowed a considerable amount of his own blood, and as he grew tired, Taylor was increasingly forced into exchanging blows with Chávez, which only gave Chávez a greater chance to cause damage. While there was little doubt that Taylor had solidly won the first three quarters of the fight, the question at hand was whether he would survive the final quarter. Going into the final round, Taylor held a secure lead on the scorecards of two of the three judges. Chávez would have to knock Taylor out to claim a victory, whereas Taylor merely needed to stay away from the Mexican legend. However, Taylor did not stay away, but continued to trade blows with Chávez. As he did so, Taylor showed signs of extreme exhaustion, and every tick of the clock brought Taylor closer to victory unless Chávez could knock him out. With about a minute left in the round, Chávez hit Taylor squarely with several hard punches and stayed on the attack, continuing to hit Taylor with well-placed shots. Finally, with about 25 seconds to go, Chávez landed a hard right hand that caused Taylor to stagger forward towards a corner, forcing Chávez back ahead of him. Suddenly Chávez stepped around Taylor, positioning him so that Taylor was trapped in the corner, with no way to escape from Chávez' desperate final flurry. Chávez then nailed Taylor with a tremendous right hand that dropped the younger man. By using the ring ropes to pull himself up, Taylor managed to return to his feet and was given the mandatory 8-count. Referee Richard Steele asked Taylor twice if he was able to continue fighting, but Taylor failed to answer. Steele then concluded that Taylor was unfit to continue and signaled that he was ending the fight, resulting in a TKO victory for Chávez with only two seconds to go in the bout.
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1961:(left) fist is held vertically about six inches in front of the face at eye level. The rear (right) fist is held beside the chin and the elbow tucked against the ribcage to protect the body. The chin is tucked into the chest to avoid punches to the jaw which commonly cause knock-outs and is often kept slightly off-center. Wrists are slightly bent to avoid damage when punching and the elbows are kept tucked in to protect the ribcage. Some boxers fight from a crouch, leaning forward and keeping their feet closer together. The stance described is considered the "textbook" stance and fighters are encouraged to change it around once it's been mastered as a base. Case in point, many fast fighters have their hands down and have almost exaggerated footwork, while brawlers or bully fighters tend to slowly stalk their opponents. In order to retain their stance boxers take 'the first step in any direction with the foot already leading in that direction.'
994:(KO). A "technical knock-out" (TKO) is possible as well, and is ruled by the referee, fight doctor, or a fighter's corner if a fighter is unable to safely continue to fight, based upon injuries or being judged unable to effectively defend themselves. Many jurisdictions and sanctioning agencies also have a "three-knockdown rule", in which three knockdowns in a given round result in a TKO. A TKO is considered a knockout in a fighter's record. A "standing eight" count rule may also be in effect. This gives the referee the right to step in and administer a count of eight to a fighter that the referee feels may be in danger, even if no knockdown has taken place. After counting the referee will observe the fighter, and decide if the fighter is fit to continue. For scoring purposes, a standing eight count is treated as a knockdown.
1854:. Hand wraps are used to secure the bones in the hand, and the gloves are used to protect the hands from blunt injury, allowing boxers to throw punches with more force than if they did not use them. Gloves have been required in competition since the late nineteenth century, though modern boxing gloves are much heavier than those worn by early twentieth-century fighters. Prior to a bout, both boxers agree upon the weight of gloves to be used in the bout, with the understanding that lighter gloves allow heavy punchers to inflict more damage. The brand of gloves can also affect the impact of punches, so this too is usually stipulated before a bout. Both sides are allowed to inspect the wraps and gloves of the opponent to help ensure both are within agreed upon specifications and no tampering has taken place.
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180 degrees around. If executed correctly, the aggressive boxer will lunge in and sail harmlessly past his opponent like a bull missing a matador. This is rarely seen in professional boxing as it requires a great disparity in skill level to execute. Technically speaking it has been said that there is no such thing as a check hook and that it is simply a hook applied to an opponent that has lurched forward and past his opponent who simply hooks him on the way past. Others have argued that the check hook exists but is an illegal punch due to it being a pivot punch which is illegal in the sport. Floyd
Mayweather Jr. employed the use of a check hook against Ricky Hatton, which sent Hatton flying head first into the corner post and being knocked down.
2416:" bout against George Foreman, the rope-a-dope method involves lying back against the ropes, covering up defensively as much as possible and allowing the opponent to attempt numerous punches. The back-leaning posture, which does not cause the defending boxer to become as unbalanced as he would during normal backward movement, also maximizes the distance of the defender's head from his opponent, increasing the probability that punches will miss their intended target. Weathering the blows that do land, the defender lures the opponent into expending energy while conserving his/her own. If successful, the attacking opponent will eventually tire, creating defensive flaws which the boxer can exploit. In modern boxing, the
634:, 688 BC. The boxers would wind leather thongs around their hands in order to protect them. There were no rounds and boxers fought until one of them acknowledged defeat or could not continue. Weight categories were not used, which meant heavier fighters had a tendency to dominate. The style of boxing practiced typically featured an advanced left leg stance, with the left arm semi-extended as a guard, in addition to being used for striking, and with the right arm drawn back ready to strike. It was the head of the opponent which was primarily targeted, and there is little evidence to suggest that targeting the body or the use of kicks was common, in which it resembled modern western boxing.
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and was frequently disallowed by additional rules negotiated by the seconds of the boxers. In modern boxing, there is a three-minute limit to rounds (unlike the downed fighter ends the round rule). Intentionally going down in modern boxing will cause the recovering fighter to lose points in the scoring system. Furthermore, as the contestants did not have heavy leather gloves and wristwraps to protect their hands, they used different punching technique to preserve their hands because the head was a common target to hit full out. Almost all period manuals have powerful straight punches with the whole body behind them to the face (including forehead) as the basic blows.
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their hands properly wrapped, pre-fight, for added protection on their hands and for added cushion under the gloves. Gloves worn by the fighters must be twelve ounces in weight unless the fighters weigh under 165 pounds (75 kg), thus allowing them to wear ten ounce gloves. A punch is considered a scoring punch only when the boxers connect with the white portion of the gloves. Each punch that lands cleanly on the head or torso with sufficient force is awarded a point. A referee monitors the fight to ensure that competitors use only legal blows. A belt worn over the torso represents the lower limit of punches – any boxer repeatedly landing low blows
2110:– A powerful, straight punch thrown with the rear hand. From the guard position, the rear hand is thrown from the chin, crossing the body and traveling towards the target in a straight line. The rear shoulder is thrust forward and finishes just touching the outside of the chin. At the same time, the lead hand is retracted and tucked against the face to protect the inside of the chin. For additional power, the torso and hips are rotated counter-clockwise as the cross is thrown. A measure of an ideally extended cross is that the shoulder of the striking arm, the knee of the front leg and the ball of the front foot are on the same vertical plane.
1062:, which introduces scoring objectivity, improves safety, and arguably makes the sport more interesting to spectators. Professional boxing remains by far the most popular form of the sport globally, though amateur boxing is dominant in Cuba and some former Soviet republics. For most fighters, an amateur career, especially at the Olympics, serves to develop skills and gain experience in preparation for a professional career. Western boxers typically participate in one Olympics and then turn pro, while Cubans and boxers from other socialist countries have an opportunity to collect multiple medals. In 2016, professional boxers were admitted in the
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conclusion and there was no knockout, no official decision was rendered and neither boxer was declared the winner. But this did not prevent the pool of ringside newspaper reporters from declaring a consensus result among themselves and printing a newspaper decision in their publications. Officially, however, a "no decision" bout resulted in neither boxer winning or losing. Boxing historians sometimes use these unofficial newspaper decisions in compiling fight records for illustrative purposes only. Often, media outlets covering a match will personally score the match, and post their scores as an independent sentence in their report.
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out-fighter loses a lot of his combat effectiveness, because he cannot throw the hard punches. The in-fighter is generally successful in this case, due to his intensity in advancing on his opponent and his good agility, which makes him difficult to evade. For example, the swarming Joe
Frazier, though easily dominated by the slugger George Foreman, was able to create many more problems for the boxer Muhammad Ali in their three fights. Joe Louis, after retirement, admitted that he hated being crowded, and that swarmers like untied/undefeated champ Rocky Marciano would have caused him style problems even in his prime.
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prohibited from kicking, head-butting, or hitting with any part of the arm other than the knuckles of a closed fist (including hitting with the elbow, shoulder or forearm, as well as with open gloves, the wrist, the inside, back or side of the hand). They are prohibited as well from hitting the back, back of the head or neck (called a "rabbit-punch") or the kidneys. They are prohibited from holding the ropes for support when punching, holding an opponent while punching, or ducking below the belt of their opponent (dropping below the waist of your opponent, no matter the distance between).
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tendency to ignore combination punching in favor of continuous beat-downs with one hand and by throwing slower, more powerful single punches (such as hooks and uppercuts). Their slowness and predictable punching pattern (single punches with obvious leads) often leaves them open to counter punches, so successful brawlers must be able to absorb a substantial amount of punishment. However, not all brawler/slugger fighters are not mobile; some can move around and switch styles if needed but still have the brawler/slugger style such as
Wilfredo Gómez, Prince Naseem Hamed and
2098:– A quick, straight punch thrown with the lead hand from the guard position. The jab extends from the side of the torso and typically does not pass in front of it. It is accompanied by a small, clockwise rotation of the torso and hips, while the fist rotates 90 degrees, becoming horizontal upon impact. As the punch reaches full extension, the lead shoulder can be brought up to guard the chin. The rear hand remains next to the face to guard the jaw. After making contact with the target, the lead hand is retracted quickly to resume a guard position in front of the face.
2629:, has supported the BMA's proposed ban on boxing: "It is the only sport where the intention is to inflict serious injury on your opponent, and we feel that we must have a total ban on boxing." Opponents respond that such a position is misguided opinion, stating that amateur boxing is scored solely according to total connecting blows with no award for "injury". They observe that many skilled professional boxers have had rewarding careers without inflicting injury on opponents by accumulating scoring blows and avoiding punches winning rounds scored 10–9 by the
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2368:– Covering up is the last opportunity (other than rolling with a punch) to avoid an incoming strike to an unprotected face or body. Generally speaking, the hands are held high to protect the head and chin and the forearms are tucked against the torso to impede body shots. When protecting the body, the boxer rotates the hips and lets incoming punches "roll" off the guard. To protect the head, the boxer presses both fists against the front of the face with the forearms parallel and facing outwards. This type of guard is weak against attacks from below.
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in a physical sense, but also in a mental and emotional sense. This style can be incredibly difficult, especially against seasoned fighters, but winning a fight without getting hit is often worth the pay-off. They usually try to stay away from the center of the ring, in order to outmaneuver and chip away at their opponents. A large advantage in counter-hitting is the forward momentum of the attacker, which drives them further into your return strike. As such, knockouts are more common than one would expect from a defensive style.
1190:"Style" is often defined as the strategic approach a fighter takes during a bout. No two fighters' styles are alike, as each is determined by that individual's physical and mental attributes. Three main styles exist in boxing: outside fighter ("boxer"), brawler (or "slugger"), and inside fighter ("swarmer"). These styles may be divided into several special subgroups, such as counter puncher, etc. The main philosophy of the styles is, that each style has an advantage over one, but disadvantage over the other one. It follows the
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2122:– A semi-circular punch thrown with the lead hand to the side of the opponent's head. From the guard position, the elbow is drawn back with a horizontal fist (palm facing down) though in modern times a wide percentage of fighters throw the hook with a vertical fist (palm facing themselves). The rear hand is tucked firmly against the jaw to protect the chin. The torso and hips are rotated clockwise, propelling the fist through a tight, clockwise arc across the front of the body and connecting with the target.
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hook is thrown from this position, it will produce a powerful springing action in the lead leg and produce a more explosive punch. This springing action could not be generated effectively, for this punch, if an upright stance was used or if the bodyweight was positioned predominantly over the back leg. Mike Tyson was a keen practitioner of a crouched stance and this style of power punching. The preparatory positioning of the bodyweight over the bent lead leg is also known as an
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results, in which one or both fighters believe they have been "robbed" or unfairly denied a victory. Each fighter has an assigned corner of the ring, where their coach, as well as one or more "seconds" may administer to the fighter at the beginning of the fight and between rounds. Each boxer enters into the ring from their assigned corners at the beginning of each round and must cease fighting and return to their corner at the signalled end of each round.
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before a decision is reached through a knock-out; such bouts are said to have ended "inside the distance". If a fighter is knocked down during the fight, determined by whether the boxer touches the canvas floor of the ring with any part of their body other than the feet as a result of the opponent's punch and not a slip, as determined by the referee, the referee begins counting until the fighter returns to their feet and can continue. Some jurisdictions
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usually causes the boxer who committed it to be disqualified. A fighter who suffers an accidental low-blow may be given up to five minutes to recover, after which they may be ruled knocked out if they are unable to continue. Accidental fouls that cause injury ending a bout may lead to a "no contest" result, or else cause the fight to go to a decision if enough rounds (typically four or more, or at least three in a four-round fight) have passed.
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relatively weak power, the jab is often used as a tool to gauge distances, probe an opponent's defenses, harass an opponent, and set up heavier, more powerful punches. A half-step may be added, moving the entire body into the punch, for additional power. Some notable boxers who have been able to develop relative power in their jabs and use it to punish or wear down their opponents to some effect include Larry Holmes and
Wladimir Klitschko.
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placed and timed punch. A fight with a skilled counter-puncher can turn into a war of attrition, where each shot landed is a battle in itself. Thus, fighting against counter punchers requires constant feinting and the ability to avoid telegraphing one's attacks. To be truly successful using this style they must have good reflexes, a high level of prediction and awareness, pinpoint accuracy and speed, both in striking and in footwork.
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1111:, etc. In many other venues sanctioned by amateur boxing associations. Amateur boxing has a point scoring system that measures the number of clean blows landed rather than physical damage. Bouts consist of three rounds of three minutes in the Olympic and Commonwealth Games, and three rounds of three minutes in a national ABA (Amateur Boxing Association) bout, each with a one-minute interval between rounds.
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each style being stronger relative to one, and weaker relative to another, with none dominating, as in rock paper scissors. Naturally, many other factors, such as the skill level and training of the combatants, determine the outcome of a fight, but the widely held belief in this relationship among the styles is embodied in the cliché amongst boxing fans and writers that "styles make fights".
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importance attached to defensive maneuvers such as slipping, bobbing, countering and angling. Because less defensive emphasis was placed on the use of the forearms and more on the gloves, the classical forearms outwards, torso leaning back stance of the bare knuckle boxer was modified to a more modern stance in which the torso is tilted forward and the hands are held closer to the face.
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The double-end bag is usually connected by elastic on the top and bottom and moves randomly upon getting struck and helps the fighter work on accuracy and reflexes. In addition to these distinctive pieces of equipment, boxers also use sport-nonspecific training equipment to build strength, speed, agility, and stamina. Common training equipment includes free weights, rowing machines,
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2633:, and they note that there are many other sports where concussions are much more prevalent. However, the data shows that the concussion rate in boxing is the highest of all contact sports. In addition, repetitive and subconcussive blows to the head, and not just concussions, cause CTE, and the evidence indicates that brain damage and the effects of CTE are more severe in boxing.
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point decisions rather than by knockout, though some out-fighters have notable knockout records. They are often regarded as the best boxing strategists due to their ability to control the pace of the fight and lead their opponent, methodically wearing him down and exhibiting more skill and finesse than a brawler. Out-fighters need reach, hand speed, reflexes, and footwork.
2012:
4861:, a radiologist in Mayfield Heights, Ohio ... concluded that for the time being 'is not a realistic solution.' Instead, urging stricter medical supervision of the sport, it recommended establishment of a National Registry of Boxers ... Another recommendation was that all states provide for a ringside physician who would be 'authorized to stop any bout'.
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young aspiring athletes who wish to become the future of boxing. Even in the U.S., places like the inner cities of New York, and
Chicago have given rise to promising young talent. According to Rubin, "boxing lost its appeal with the American middle class, and most of who boxes in modern America come from the streets and are street fighters".
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will stop the bout if a boxer is seriously injured, if one boxer is significantly dominating the other or if the score is severely imbalanced. Amateur bouts which end this way may be noted as "RSC" (referee stopped contest) with notations for an outclassed opponent (RSCO), outscored opponent (RSCOS), injury (RSCI) or head injury (RSCH).
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fight. If the out-fighter can avoid those power punches, he can often wear the brawler down with fast jabs, tiring him out. If he is successful enough, he may even apply extra pressure in the later rounds in an attempt to achieve a knockout. Most classic boxers, such as
Muhammad Ali, enjoyed their best successes against sluggers.
2858:. The Hall of Fame's induction ceremony is held every June as part of a four-day event. The fans who come to Canastota for the Induction Weekend are treated to a number of events, including scheduled autograph sessions, boxing exhibitions, a parade featuring past and present inductees, and the induction ceremony itself.
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thrown, the hand is retracted quickly and the guard position resumed. It can be used to counter punch a jab, aiming for the opponent's head (or a counter to a cross aimed at the body) or to set up a hook. The cross is also called a "straight" or "right", especially if it does not cross the opponent's outstretched jab.
1177:, whose job is to treat cuts between rounds so that the boxer is able to continue despite the cut. If a boxer simply quits fighting, or if his corner stops the fight, then the winning boxer is also awarded a technical knockout victory. In contrast with amateur boxing, professional male boxers have to be bare-chested.
2159:– A vertical, rising punch thrown with the rear hand. From the guard position, the torso shifts slightly to the right, the rear hand drops below the level of the opponent's chest and the knees are bent slightly. From this position, the rear hand is thrust upwards in a rising arc towards the opponent's chin or torso.
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with not head guard usage increased. The research of the reviewed literature indicates that head guards cover well against lacerations and skull fractures. Therefore, AIBA's decision to terminate the head guard must be considered cautiously, and injury rates among (male) boxers should be continuously evaluated.
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John Noble
Wilford (14 January 1983). "Physicians' Journal Calls for a Ban on Boxing". The New York Times. pp. A1, A23. Editorials in today's issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association urged the banning of boxing in light of new evidence suggesting the chronic brain damage was prevalent
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Like other active and dynamic sports, boxing may be argued to provide some general health benefits, such as fat burning, increased muscle tone, strong bones and ligaments, cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, improved core stability, co-ordination and body awareness, strength and power, stress
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In 2007, one study of amateur boxers showed that protective headgear did not prevent brain damage, and another found that amateur boxers faced a high risk of brain damage. The
Gothenburg study analyzed temporary levels of neurofilament light in cerebral spinal fluid which they conclude is evidence of
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is a punch, thrown from the rear hand, not found in every boxer's arsenal. Unlike the cross, which has a trajectory parallel to the ground, the overhand has a looping circular arc as it is thrown over the shoulder with the palm facing away from the boxer. It is especially popular with smaller stature
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moves the head laterally and beneath an incoming punch. As the opponent's punch arrives, the boxer bends the legs quickly and simultaneously shifts the body either slightly right or left. Once the punch has been evaded, the boxer "weaves" back to an upright position, emerging on either the outside or
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Wide, looping punches have the further disadvantage of taking more time to deliver, giving the opponent ample warning to react and counter. For this reason, the haymaker or roundhouse is not a conventional punch, and is regarded by trainers as a mark of poor technique or desperation. Sometimes it has
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Different stances allow for bodyweight to be differently positioned and emphasised; this may in turn alter how powerfully and explosively a type of punch can be delivered. For instance, a crouched stance allows for the bodyweight to be positioned further forward over the lead left leg. If a lead left
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Boxers also use punch/focus mitts in which a trainer calls out certain combinations and the fighter strikes the mitts accordingly. This is a great exercise for stamina as the boxer isn't allowed to go at his own pace but that of the trainer, typically forcing the fighter to endure a higher output and
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All fighters have primary skills with which they feel most comfortable, but truly elite fighters are often able to incorporate auxiliary styles when presented with a particular challenge. For example, an out-fighter will sometimes plant his feet and counter punch, or a slugger may have the stamina to
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Counter punchers usually wear their opponents down by causing them to miss their punches. The more the opponent misses, the faster they tire, and the psychological effects of being unable to land a hit will start to sink in. The counter puncher often tries to outplay their opponent entirely, not just
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The modern
Olympic movement revived interest in amateur sports, and amateur boxing became an Olympic sport in 1908. In their current form, Olympic and other amateur bouts are typically limited to three or four rounds, scoring is computed by points based on the number of clean blows landed, regardless
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In general, boxers are prohibited from hitting below the belt, holding, tripping, pushing, biting, or spitting. The boxer's shorts are raised so the opponent is not allowed to hit to the groin area with intent to cause pain or injury. Failure to abide by the former may result in a foul. They also are
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The Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas features the $ 75 million ESPN Classic Sports fight film and tape library and radio broadcast collection. The collection includes the fights of many great champions, including: Muhammad Ali, Mike Tyson, George
Foreman, Roberto Durán, Marvin Hagler, Jack Dempsey, Joe
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These different punch types can be thrown in rapid succession to form combinations or "combos". The most common is the jab and cross combination, nicknamed the "one-two combo". This is usually an effective combination, because the jab blocks the opponent's view of the cross, making it easier to land
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In a fully upright stance, the boxer stands with the legs shoulder-width apart and the rear foot a half-step in front of the lead man. Right-handed or orthodox boxers lead with the left foot and fist (for most penetration power). Both feet are parallel, and the right heel is off the ground. The lead
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The boxer or out-fighter tends to be most successful against a brawler, whose slow speed (both hand and foot) and poor technique makes him an easy target to hit for the faster out-fighter. The out-fighter's main concern is to stay alert, as the brawler only needs to land one good punch to finish the
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Brawlers tend to overcome swarmers or in-fighters because, in trying to get close to the slugger, the in-fighter will invariably have to walk straight into the guns of the much harder-hitting brawler, so, unless the former has a very good chin and the latter's stamina is poor, the brawler's superior
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There is a generally accepted rule of thumb about the success each of these boxing styles has against the others. In general, an in-fighter has an advantage over an out-fighter, an out-fighter has an advantage over a brawler, and a brawler has an advantage over an in-fighter; these form a cycle with
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are slippery, defensive style fighters who often rely on their opponent's mistakes in order to gain the advantage, whether it be on the score cards or more preferably a knockout. They use their well-rounded defense to avoid or block shots and then immediately catch the opponent off guard with a well
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A boxer-puncher is a well-rounded boxer who is able to fight at close range with a combination of technique and power, often with the ability to knock opponents out with a combination and in some instances a single shot. Their movement and tactics are similar to that of an out-fighter (although they
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Headgear is not permitted in professional bouts, and boxers are generally allowed to take much more damage before a fight is halted. At any time, the referee may stop the contest if he believes that one participant cannot defend himself due to injury. In that case, the other participant is awarded a
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Professional bouts are usually much longer than amateur bouts, typically ranging from ten to twelve rounds, though four-round fights are common for less experienced fighters or club fighters. There are also some two- and three-round professional bouts, especially in Australia. Through the early 20th
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Competitors wear protective headgear and gloves with a white strip or circle across the knuckle. There are cases however, where white ended gloves are not required but any solid color may be worn. The white end is just a way to make it easier for judges to score clean hits. Each competitor must have
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Violations of these rules may be ruled "fouls" by the referee, who may issue warnings, deduct points, or disqualify an offending boxer, causing an automatic loss, depending on the seriousness and intentionality of the foul. An intentional foul that causes injury that prevents a fight from continuing
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The modern sport arose from illegal venues and outlawed prizefighting and has become a multibillion-dollar commercial enterprise. A majority of young talent still comes from poverty-stricken areas around the world. Places like Mexico, Africa, South America, and Eastern Europe prove to be filled with
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Boxing could also be used to settle disputes even by females. In 1790 in Waddington, Lincolnshire Mary Farmery and Susanna Locker both laid claim to the affections of a young man; this produced a challenge from the former to fight for the prize, which was accepted by the latter. Proper sidesmen were
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Louis, Joe Frazier, Rocky Marciano and Sugar Ray Robinson. It is this exclusive fight film library that will separate the Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas from the other halls of fame which do not have rights to any video of their sports. The inaugural inductees included Muhammad Ali, Henry Armstrong,
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is employed to prevent aggressive boxers from lunging in. There are two parts to the check hook. The first part consists of a regular hook. The second, trickier part involves the footwork. As the opponent lunges in, the boxer should throw the hook and pivot on his left foot and swing his right foot
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rather than to transference of body weight; it tends to have more of an effect due to the surprise of the odd angle it lands at rather than the actual power of the punch. This is more of a gimmick than a technical maneuver; this punch is not taught, being on the same plane in boxing technicality as
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rotates the body slightly so that an incoming punch passes harmlessly next to the head. As the opponent's punch arrives, the boxer sharply rotates the hips and shoulders. This turns the chin sideways and allows the punch to "slip" past. Muhammad Ali was famous for extremely fast and close slips, as
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A large, swinging circular punch starting from a cocked-back position with the arm at a longer extension than the hook and all of the fighter's weight behind it is sometimes referred to as a "roundhouse", "haymaker", "overhand", or sucker-punch. Relying on body weight and centripetal force within a
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North American fighters tend to favor a more balanced stance, facing the opponent almost squarely, while many European fighters stand with their torso turned more to the side. The positioning of the hands may also vary, as some fighters prefer to have both hands raised in front of the face, risking
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Although in-fighters struggle against heavy sluggers, they typically enjoy more success against out-fighters or boxers. Out-fighters prefer a slower fight, with some distance between themselves and the opponent. The in-fighter tries to close that gap and unleash furious flurries. On the inside, the
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before they can maneuver inside where they are more effective. In-fighters operate best at close range because they are generally shorter and have less reach than their opponents and thus are more effective at a short distance where the longer arms of their opponents make punching awkward. However,
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Unheard of in the modern era, but common during the early 20th Century in North America, a "newspaper decision (NWS)" might be made after a no decision bout had ended. A "no decision" bout occurred when, by law or by pre-arrangement of the fighters, if both boxers were still standing at the fight's
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Through the late nineteenth century, the martial art of boxing or prizefighting was primarily a sport of dubious legitimacy. Outlawed in England and much of the United States, prizefights were often held at gambling venues and broken up by police. Brawling and wrestling tactics continued, and riots
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in 1743 to protect fighters in the ring where deaths sometimes occurred. Under these rules, if a man went down and could not continue after a count of 30 seconds, the fight was over. Hitting a downed fighter and grasping below the waist were prohibited. Broughton encouraged the use of "mufflers", a
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The jab is recognized as the most important punch in a boxer's arsenal because it provides a fair amount of its own cover and it leaves the least space for a counter punch from the opponent. It has the longest reach of any punch and does not require commitment or large weight transfers. Due to its
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Boxers practice their skills on several types of punching bags. A small, tear-drop-shaped "speed bag" is used to hone reflexes and repetitive punching skills, while a large cylindrical "heavy bag" filled with sand, a synthetic substitute, or water is used to practice power punching and body blows.
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The essence of a swarmer is non-stop aggression. Many short in-fighters use their stature to their advantage, employing a bob-and-weave defense by bending at the waist to slip underneath or to the sides of incoming punches. Unlike blocking, causing an opponent to miss a punch disrupts his balance,
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is disqualified. Referees also ensure that the boxers don't use holding tactics to prevent the opponent from swinging. If this occurs, the referee separates the opponents and orders them to continue boxing. Repeated holding can result in a boxer being penalized or ultimately disqualified. Referees
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A bout in which the predetermined number of rounds passes is decided by the judges, and is said to "go the distance". The fighter with the higher score at the end of the fight is ruled the winner. With three judges, unanimous and split decisions are possible, as are draws. A boxer may win the bout
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These rules did allow the fighters an advantage not enjoyed by today's boxers; they permitted the fighter to drop to one knee to end the round and begin the 30-second count at any time. Thus a fighter realizing he was in trouble had an opportunity to recover. However, this was considered "unmanly"
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The International Boxing Association (AIBA) restricted the use of head guards for senior males at the World Championships and Olympics after 2013. A literature review study analyses present knowledge about protecting headgear and injury prevention in boxing to determine if injury risks associated
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In boxing, each fighter is given a corner of the ring where they rest in between rounds for 1 minute and where their trainers stand. Typically, three individuals stand in the corner besides the boxer; these are the trainer, the assistant trainer and the cutman. The trainer and assistant typically
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At the same time, the knees push upwards quickly and the torso and hips rotate anti-clockwise and the rear heel turns outward, mimicking the body movement of the cross. The strategic utility of the uppercut depends on its ability to "lift" an opponent's body, setting it off-balance for successive
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Weight is also transferred from the rear foot to the lead foot, resulting in the rear heel turning outwards as it acts as a fulcrum for the transfer of weight. Body rotation and the sudden weight transfer give the cross its power. Like the jab, a half-step forward may be added. After the cross is
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is important to protect the teeth and gums from injury, and to cushion the jaw, resulting in a decreased chance of knockout. Both fighters must wear soft soled shoes to reduce the damage from accidental (or intentional) stepping on feet. While older boxing boots more commonly resembled those of a
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A brawler is a fighter who generally lacks finesse and footwork in the ring, but makes up for it through sheer punching power. Many brawlers tend to lack mobility, preferring a less mobile, more stable platform and have difficulty pursuing fighters who are fast on their feet. They may also have a
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A classic "boxer" or stylist (also known as an "out-fighter") seeks to maintain distance between himself and his opponent, fighting with faster, longer range punches, most notably the jab, and gradually wearing his opponent down. Due to this reliance on weaker punches, out-fighters tend to win by
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If a "clinch" – a defensive move in which a boxer wraps their opponent's arms and holds on to create a pause – is broken by the referee, each fighter must take a full step back before punching again (alternatively, the referee may direct the fighters to "punch out" of the clinch). When a boxer is
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of "fair-size" also changed the nature of the bouts. An average pair of boxing gloves resembles a bloated pair of mittens and are laced up around the wrists. The gloves can be used to block an opponent's blows. As a result of their introduction, bouts became longer and more strategic with greater
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There were twelve rules in all, and they specified that fights should be "a fair stand-up boxing match" in a 24-foot-square or similar ring. Rounds were three minutes with one-minute rest intervals between rounds. Each fighter was given a ten-second count if he was knocked down, and wrestling was
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In addition, the corner is responsible for stopping the fight if they feel their fighter is in grave danger of permanent injury. The corner will occasionally throw in a white towel to signify a boxer's surrender (the idiomatic phrase "to throw in the towel", meaning to give up, derives from this
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in 2017 show amateur boxing is a comparatively safe sport due to the regulations of amateur boxing and a greater control of the athletes, although the studies did not focus on CTE or its long-term effects. In addition, a good training methodology and short career can reduce the effects of brain
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inside of the opponent's still-extended arm. To move outside the opponent's extended arm is called "bobbing to the outside". To move inside the opponent's extended arm is called "bobbing to the inside". Joe Frazier, Jack Dempsey, Mike Tyson and Rocky Marciano were masters of bobbing and weaving.
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Brawlers tend to be more predictable and easy to hit but usually fare well enough against other fighting styles because they train to take punches very well. They often have a higher chance than other fighting styles to score a knockout against their opponents because they focus on landing big,
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A boxing match typically consists of a determined number of three-minute rounds, a total of up to 9 to 12 rounds with a minute spent between each round with the fighters resting in their assigned corners and receiving advice and attention from their coach and staff. The fight is controlled by a
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Up to three judges are typically present at ringside to score the bout and assign points to the boxers, based on punches and elbows that connect, defense, knockdowns, hugging and other, more subjective, measures. Because of the open-ended style of boxing judging, many fights have controversial
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in 1719. This is also the time when the word "boxing" first came to be used. This earliest form of modern boxing was very different. Contests in Mr. Figg's time, in addition to fist fighting, also contained fencing and cudgeling. On 6 January 1681, the first recorded boxing match took place in
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when the wearing of weapons became common once again and interest in fighting with the fists waned. However, there are detailed records of various fist-fighting sports that were maintained in different cities and provinces of Italy between the 12th and 17th centuries. There was also a sport in
2005:. Any punch other than a jab is considered a power punch. If a boxer is right-handed (orthodox), their left hand is the lead hand and his right hand is the rear hand. For a left-handed boxer or southpaw, the hand positions are reversed. For clarity, the following assumes a right-handed boxer.
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uses the boxer's shoulder, hands or arms as defensive tools to protect against incoming attacks. A block generally receives a punch while a parry tends to deflect it. A "palm", "catch", or "cuff" is a defence which intentionally takes the incoming punch on the palm portion of the defender's
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At the same time, the lead foot pivots clockwise, turning the left heel outwards. Upon contact, the hook's circular path ends abruptly and the lead hand is pulled quickly back into the guard position. A hook may also target the lower body and this technique is sometimes called the "rip" to
5170:
Tagge, Chad A; Fisher, Andrew M; Minaeva, Olga V; Gaudreau-Balderrama, Amanda; Moncaster, Juliet A; Zhang, Xiao-Lei; Wojnarowicz, Mark W; Casey, Noel; Lu, Haiyan; Kokiko-Cochran, Olga N; Saman, Sudad; Ericsson, Maria; Onos, Kristen D; Veksler, Ronel; Senatorov, Vladimir V (February 2018).
1908:
The modern boxing stance differs substantially from the typical boxing stances of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The modern stance has a more upright vertical-armed guard, as opposed to the more horizontal, knuckles-facing-forward guard adopted by early 20th century hook users such as
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powerful hits, instead of smaller, faster attacks. Oftentimes they place focus on training on their upper body instead of their entire body, to increase power and endurance. They also aim to intimidate their opponents because of their power, stature and ability to take a punch.
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Manny Pacquiao skillfully used the strategy to gauge the power of welterweight titlist Miguel Cotto in November 2009. Pacquiao followed up the rope-a-dope gambit with a withering knockdown. Tyson Fury also attempted this against Francesco Pianeto but did not pull it off as
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of impact, and fighters wear protective headgear, reducing the number of injuries, knockdowns, and knockouts. Currently scoring blows in amateur boxing are subjectively counted by ringside judges, but the Australian Institute for Sport has demonstrated a prototype of an
252:
Although the term "boxing" is commonly attributed to western boxing, in which only fists are involved, it has developed in different ways in different geographical areas and cultures of the World. In global terms, "boxing" today is also a set of combat sports focused on
2394:. To perform a clinch, the boxer loops both hands around the outside of the opponent's shoulders, scooping back under the forearms to grasp the opponent's arms tightly against his own body. In this position, the opponent's arms are pinned and cannot be used to attack.
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Old history of the development of boxing and its prevalence contribute to fusion of various types of martial arts and the emergence of new ones that are based on them. For example, a combination of boxing and sportive sambo techniques gave rise to a combat sambo.
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was known for his hard "chin", punching power, body attack and the stalking of his opponents. Some in-fighters, like Mike Tyson, have been known for being notoriously hard to hit. The key to a swarmer is aggression, endurance, chin, and bobbing-and-weaving.
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is a temporary match state and is quickly dissipated by the referee. Clinching is technically against the rules, and in amateur fights points are deducted fairly quickly for it. It is unlikely, however, to see points deducted for a clinch in professional
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technical knockout win. A technical knockout would also be awarded if a fighter lands a punch that opens a cut on the opponent, and the opponent is later deemed not fit to continue by a doctor because of the cut. For this reason, fighters often employ
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introduced measures that remain in effect for professional boxing to this day, such as outlawing butting, gouging, scratching, kicking, hitting a man while down, holding the ropes, and using resin, stones or hard objects in the hands, and biting.
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called for a ban on boxing. The editor, George Lundberg, called boxing an "obscenity" that "should not be sanctioned by any civilized society". Since then, the British, Canadian and Australian Medical Associations have called for bans on boxing.
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are generally not as mobile as an out-fighter), but instead of winning by decision, they tend to wear their opponents down using combinations and then move in to score the knockout. A boxer must be well rounded to be effective using this style.
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Stewart, W. F.; Gordon, B.; Selnes, O.; Bandeen-Roche, K.; Zeger, S.; Tusa, R. J.; Celentano, D. D.; Shechter, A.; Liberman, J. (15 March 1994). "Prospective study of central nervous system function in amateur boxers in the United States".
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Both the hook and uppercut may be thrown with both hands, resulting in differing footwork and positioning from that described above if thrown by the other hand. Generally the analogous opposite is true of the footwork and torso movement.
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The earliest visual evidence of any type of boxing is from Egypt and Sumer, both from the third millennia, and can be seen in Sumerian carvings from the third and second millennia BC. The earliest evidence of boxing rules dates back to
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Professional boxing is forbidden in Iceland, Iran and North Korea. It was banned in Sweden until 2007 when the ban was lifted but strict restrictions, including four three-minute rounds for fights, were imposed. Boxing was banned in
512:) shows both boxers and spectators. These early Middle-Eastern and Egyptian depictions showed contests where fighters were either bare-fisted or had a band supporting the wrist. The earliest evidence of use of gloves can be found in
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this permits forward movement past the opponent's extended arm and keeps the hands free to counter. A distinct advantage that in-fighters have is when throwing uppercuts, they can channel their entire bodyweight behind the punch;
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Viano, David C.; Casson, Ira R.; Pellman, Elliot J.; Bir, Cynthia A.; Zhang, Liying; Sherman, Donald C.; Boitano, Marilyn A. (December 2005). "Concussion in Professional Football: Comparison with Boxing Head Impacts—Part 10".
2599:. There is no clear division between the force required to knock a person out and the force likely to kill a person. Additionally, contact sports, especially combat sports, are directly related to a brain disease called
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responsible for keeping the boxer's face and eyes free of cuts, blood and excessive swelling. This is of particular importance because many fights are stopped because of cuts or swelling that threaten the boxer's eyes.
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McKee, Ann C.; Cantu, Robert C.; Nowinski, Christopher J.; Hedley-Whyte, E. Tessa; Gavett, Brandon E.; Budson, Andrew E.; Santini, Veronica E.; Lee, Hyo-Soon; Kubilus, Caroline A.; Stern, Robert A. (July 2009).
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Early fighting had no written rules. There were no weight divisions or round limits, and no referee. In general, it was extremely chaotic. An early article on boxing was published in Nottingham in 1713, by
652:. Fighters protected their knuckles with leather strips wrapped around their fists. Eventually harder leather was used and the strips became a weapon. Metal studs were introduced to the strips to make the
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coined the term "the sweet science" as an epithet for prizefighting – or more fully "the sweet science of bruising" as a description of England's bare-knuckle fight scene in the early nineteenth century.
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Left-handed or southpaw fighters use a mirror image of the orthodox stance, which can create problems for orthodox fighters unaccustomed to receiving jabs, hooks, or crosses from the opposite side. The
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1070:. This was done in part to level the playing field and give all of the athletes the same opportunities government-sponsored boxers from socialist countries and post-Soviet republics have. However,
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knocked down, the other boxer must immediately cease fighting and move to the furthest neutral corner of the ring until the referee has either ruled a knockout or called for the fight to continue.
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The first instance of film censorship in the United States occurred in 1897 when several states banned the showing of prize fighting films from the state of Nevada, where it was legal at the time.
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attacks. The right uppercut followed by a left hook is a deadly combination employing the uppercut to lift an opponent's chin into a vulnerable position, then the hook to knock the opponent out.
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damage, even though the levels soon subside. More comprehensive studies of neurological function on larger samples performed by Johns Hopkins University in 1994 and accident rates analyzed by
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been used, because of its immense potential power, to finish off an already staggering opponent who seems unable or unlikely to take advantage of the poor position it leaves the puncher in.
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power will carry the day. A famous example of this type of match-up advantage would be George Foreman's knockout victory over Joe Frazier in their original bout "The Sunshine Showdown".
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in 688 BC. Boxing evolved from 16th- and 18th-century prizefights, largely in Great Britain, to the forerunner of modern boxing in the mid-19th century with the 1867 introduction of the
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Throughout the 17th to 19th centuries, boxing bouts were motivated by money, as the fighters competed for prize money, promoters controlled the gate, and spectators bet on the result.
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since the earliest days of human history. The origins of boxing in any of its forms as a sport remain uncertain, but some sources suggest that it has prehistoric roots in what is now
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As the wearing of swords became less common, there was renewed interest in fencing with the fists. The sport later resurfaced in England during the early 16th century in the form of
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was also a fine swordsman and boxer, and excellent horseman, charioteer and elephant-rider ... and far-famed for his knowledge of grammar, music, logic and 'other great sciences'.
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is generally discouraged since most opponents are not fooled by it and few boxers possess the physical toughness to withstand a prolonged, unanswered assault. Recently, however,
1889:, a raised platform surrounded by ropes attached to posts rising in each corner. The term "ring" has come to be used as a metaphor for many aspects of prize fighting in general.
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volume than usual. In addition, they also allow trainers to make boxers utilize footwork and distances more accurately. Recently boxing clubs have started using something called
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2336:– To anticipate a punch and move the upper body or head back so that it misses or has its force appreciably lessened. Also called "rolling with the punch" or " Riding The Punch.
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In 1997, the American Association of Professional Ringside Physicians was established to create medical protocols through research and education to prevent injuries in boxing.
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distinguish it from the conventional hook to the head. The hook may also be thrown with the rear hand. Notable left hookers include Joe Frazier, Roy Jones Jr. and Mike Tyson.
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at prizefights were common occurrences. Still, throughout this period, there arose some notable bare knuckle champions who developed fairly sophisticated fighting tactics.
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referee who works within the ring to judge and control the conduct of the fighters, rule on their ability to fight safely, count knocked-down fighters, and rule on fouls.
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they learned the art of boxing from the local population, and they took the sport to Egypt where it became popular. From Egypt, boxing spread to other countries including
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Montenigro, Philip H; Baugh, Christine M; Daneshvar, Daniel H; Mez, Jesse; Budson, Andrew E; Au, Rhoda; Katz, Douglas I; Cantu, Robert C; Stern, Robert A (October 2014).
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wide arc, the roundhouse can be a powerful blow, but it is often a wild and uncontrolled punch that leaves the fighter delivering it off balance and with an open guard.
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In March 1981, neurosurgeon Fred Sonstein sought to use CAT scans in an attempt to track the degeneration of boxers' cognitive functions after seeing the decline of
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and uppercuts. Mainly Mexican, Irish, Irish-American, Puerto Rican, and Mexican-American boxers popularized this style. A successful in-fighter often needs a good "
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A winner can be resolved before the completion of the rounds when a referee deems an opponent incapable of continuing, disqualifies an opponent, or the opponent
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A brawler's most important assets are power and chin (the ability to absorb punishment while remaining able to continue boxing). Examples of this style include
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Early evidence of boxing in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia: A Comparative Study. Fawziah Abdullah Mohamedorcid Egyptology Department, Faculty of Archaeology
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Should the referee count to ten, then the knocked-down boxer is ruled "knocked out" (whether unconscious or not) and the other boxer is ruled the winner by
5324:"Understanding the Consequences of Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts in Sport: Brain Changes and Dampened Motor Control Are Seen After Boxing Practice"
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324:, they adopted boxing from the local populace, subsequently popularizing it in Egypt. From there, the sport of boxing spread to various regions, including
5224:"Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome"
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2185:, in which the opponent swings an arm out several times in a wide arc, usually as a distraction, before delivering with either that or the other arm.
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among fighters ... New evidence of the correlation between boxing and brain damage was reported in the journal by a team of Ohio doctors, led by Dr.
2603:, abbreviated as CTE. This disease begins to develop during the life of the athlete, and continues to develop even after sports activity has ceased.
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6027:"Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas announces first class of inductees, gives sport its third hall – Boxing Experts Blog – Boxing Blog – Yahoo! Sports"
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The origin of the sport of boxing is unknown, however according to some sources boxing in any of its forms has prehistoric origins in present-day
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6309:, M.D., Cole, Monroe, Thompson, Jay S., Kim, Kyung H.: "Boxers: Computed Axial Tomography, Electroencephalography and Neurological Evaluation."
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and occurs when the distance between both fighters has closed and straight punches cannot be employed. In this situation, the boxer attempts to
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In-fighters/swarmers (sometimes called "pressure fighters") attempt to stay close to an opponent, throwing intense flurries and combinations of
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describes two combatants boxing with clenched fists and fighting with kicks, finger strikes, knee strikes and headbutts during the time of King
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2086:, being able to exploit openings in his opponents' guards while avoiding punches with head and body movement. He is also known as a formidable
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Supporters of the ban state that boxing is the only sport where hurting the other athlete is the goal. Bill O'Neill, boxing spokesman for the
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Safinia, Cyrus; Bershad, Eric M.; Clark, H. Brent; SantaCruz, Karen; Alakbarova, Naila; Suarez, Jose I.; Divani, Afshin A. (October 2016).
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boxers trying to reach taller opponents. Boxers who have used this punch consistently and effectively include former heavyweight champions
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5894:"Concussions, cuts and cracked bones: A systematic literature review on protective headgear and head injury prevention in Olympic boxing"
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5173:"Concussion, microvascular injury, and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model"
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chosen, and every matter conducted in form. After several knock-down blows on both sides, the battle ended in favour of Mary Farmery.
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The A-Z of World Boxing: An Authoritative and Entertaining Compendium of the Fight Game from Its Origins to the Present Day page 296
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century, it was common for fights to have unlimited rounds, ending only when one fighter quit, benefiting high-energy fighters like
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Throughout the early twentieth century, boxers struggled to achieve legitimacy. They were aided by the influence of promoters like
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Zazryn, Tsharni R.; McCrory, Paul R.; Cameron, Peter A. (February 2009). "Neurologic Injuries in Boxing and Other Combat Sports".
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give advice to the boxer on what they are doing wrong as well as encouraging them if they are losing. The cutman is a cutaneous
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1157:. Fifteen rounds remained the internationally recognized limit for championship fights for most of the 20th century until the
257:, in which two opponents face each other in a fight using at least their fists, and possibly involving other actions, such as
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Di Virgilio, Thomas G.; Ietswaart, Magdalena; Wilson, Lindsay; Donaldson, David I.; Hunter, Angus M. (10 September 2019).
4358:"Learn about the different boxing styles. BoxingBeginners.com, the main source of Boxing for Beginners, learn how to box!"
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sport and is a standard fixture in most international games—it also has its world championships. Boxing is overseen by a
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1040:(right) held world championships in four weight classes: lightweight, welterweight, light middleweight and middleweight.
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form of padded bandage or mitten, to be used in "jousting" or sparring sessions in training, and in exhibition matches.
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professional wrestler, modern boxing shoes and boots tend to be quite similar to their amateur wrestling counterparts.
385:. In Olympic boxing, because a winner must be declared, judges award the contest to one fighter on technical criteria.
894:, despite the consent of the participants. This marked the end of widespread public bare-knuckle contests in England.
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Symposium: Sports and the Law by William B. Gould (IV), Henry T. Greely, Stanford University. School of Law - Page 9
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There are several basic maneuvers a boxer can use in order to evade or block punches, depicted and discussed below.
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739:, who had practised the techniques he described. The article, a single page in his manual of wrestling and fencing,
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determine the victor. In case both fighters gain equal scores from the judges, a professional bout is considered a
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was made available to exhibitors for $ 22.50. Customers who watched the final round saw Leonard score a knockdown.
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The Martial Science of Boxing and its Contribution to Military Close Combat / James R. Lee-Barron. Published 2012
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There are various organization and websites, that rank boxers in both weight class and pound-for-pound manner.
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An example of a style matchup was the historical fight of Julio César Chávez, a swarmer or in-fighter, against
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heavily favours and is otherwise known for knocking many of his opponents out with one of his right overhands.
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and the lack of references, it is not possible to determine rules of any kind of boxing in prehistory, and in
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men boxing for charity (1945). The modern sport was codified in England in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
4787:"Better and Safer Boxing: Ringside and Boardroom Medical Control of Boxing Careers in the Twentieth Century"
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receiving instructions from her trainer while being treated by her cutman in the ring corner between rounds.
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several fighters tall for their division have been relatively adept at in-fighting as well as out-fighting.
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5581:"Largest CTE study to date finds evidence of disease in 6% of all test subjects, over 28% in former boxers"
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and Floyd Mayweather. In that fight, Corrales' corner surrendered despite Corrales' steadfast refusal.
593:, and logic—was said to be an excellent horseman, charioteer, elephant rider, swordsman and boxer. The
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5376:"Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy following Repetitive Head Injury"
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2444:. Nevertheless, a few professional boxers have used the bolo-punch to great effect, including former
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Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation, Volumen 2 - by Thomas A. Green
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Johnson, Brian; Neuberger, Thomas; Gay, Michael; Hallett, Mark; Slobounov, Semyon (December 2014).
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A boxing scene depicted on a Panathenaic amphora from Ancient Greece, circa 336 BC, British Museum
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55:
31:
6000:
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736:
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The Regulation of Boxing: A History and Comparative Analysis of Policies Among American States
1947:
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and other organizations sanctioning professional boxing to reduce the limit to twelve rounds.
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377:. When the fight reaches the end of its final round with both opponents still standing, the
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2523:. The overhand has become a popular weapon in other tournaments that involve fist striking.
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727:), engineered a bout between his butler and his butcher with the latter winning the prize.
630:, and enjoyed consistent popularity. In Olympic terms, it was first introduced in the 23rd
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399:
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2870:, Julio César Chávez Sr., Jack Dempsey, Roberto Durán, Joe Louis, and Sugar Ray Robinson.
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Since boxing involves forceful, repetitive punching, precautions must be taken to prevent
706:. The first documented account of a bare-knuckle fight in England appeared in 1681 in the
8:
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601:. The martial art is related to other forms of martial arts found in other parts of the
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6372:
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Rudd, S.; Hodge, J.; Finley, R.; Lewis, P.; Wang, M. (2016). "Should We Ban Boxing?".
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The June 1894 Leonard–Cushing bout. Each of the six one-minute rounds recorded by the
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have been the general rules governing modern boxing since their publication in 1867.
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A Historical Overview of Mixed Martial Arts in China, by William Acevedo, Mei Cheung
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5000:
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4794:
4361:
3894:
The Bittersweet Science: Fifteen Writers in the Gym, in the Corner, and at Ringside
3623:
3561:
Draeger, Donn F. (1981). Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts. Kodansha International.
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2795:
2611:
2483:
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2421:
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Boxing Mastery: Advanced Technique, Tactics, and Strategies from the Sweet Science
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The sport of boxing has two internationally recognized boxing halls of fame; the
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1974:
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Records of boxing activity disappeared in the west after the fall of the Western
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254:
191:
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6278:
The Greatest Boxing Stories Ever Told: Thirty-Six Incredible Tales from the Ring
6203:
5892:
Tjønndal, Anne; Haudenhuyse, Reinhard; de Geus, Bas; Buyse, Luk (4 March 2022).
5803:
5064:"Sports Concussion Statistics | HCC- Best Anti Concussion Helmets & Devices"
4841:
4113:
Rubin, Louis D. (2000). "The Manly art of Modified Mayhem: Dempsey and Others".
2308:
1553:
1363:
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scenario – boxer beats brawler, brawler beats swarmer, and swarmer beats boxer.
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7193:
7188:
6654:
6619:
6608:
6599:
6586:
6576:
6443:
6438:
6306:
6258:
5435:"Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes Involved with High-impact Sports"
5275:"Effects of Subconcussive Head Trauma on the Default Mode Network of the Brain"
4953:
4858:
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2863:
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2847:
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2607:
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2387:
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1994:
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176:
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5106:
5089:
5041:
4871:
Lundberg, George D. (1983). "Boxing should be banned in civilized countries".
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2075:
475:
only can be inferred from the few intact sources and references to the sport.
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5147:
5130:
4996:
3763:
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2516:
2503:
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1998:
1851:
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1414:
1379:
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856:
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317:
316:, emerging as early as the sixth millennium BC. It is believed that when the
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3745:
The Boxing Register: International Boxing Hall of Fame Official Record Book
2855:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2775:
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fighters died due to ring or training injuries. In 1983, editorials in the
2610:. From 1980 to 2007, more than 200 amateur boxers, professional boxers and
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2189:
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Amateur boxing may be found at the collegiate level, at the Olympic Games,
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681:
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649:
614:
535:
482:, where it appeared in the sixth millennium BC. When the Egyptians invaded
333:
298:
234:
222:
6204:
Death Under the Spotlight: The Manuel Velazquez Boxing Fatality Collection
5675:
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758:
9070:
8225:
7892:
7852:
7795:
7605:
7305:
7228:
6800:
6755:
6709:
4311:
Bert Randolph Sugar (2001). "Boxing", World Book Online Americas Edition
3826:
Anonymous ("A Celebrated Pugilist"), The Art and Practice of Boxing, 1825
3517:
3454:
3371:
2889:
2741:
2417:
2210:
2132:
1886:
1847:
1693:
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1162:
1108:
1095:(left) is the first female boxer to win an Olympic gold medal. Here with
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823:
815:
778:
686:
585:—in addition to being well-versed in "the great sciences" which included
565:
329:
233:, it involves two people – usually wearing protective equipment, such as
230:
226:
195:
6225:
A Century of Boxing Greats: Inside the Ring with the Hundred Best Boxers
4265:"Pro Boxers at the Olympics: An Opportunity, or a Dangerous Power Grab?"
4126:
2226:
2044:
9236:
9144:
9075:
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8128:
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7810:
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7620:
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7255:
6820:
6699:
6649:
6634:
6566:
6458:
3420:
Boxing Gloves of the Ancient World Copyright © Steven Ross Murray 2010.
2756:
2699: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2182:
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1418:
1251:
886:
711:
582:
468:
448:
382:
278:
242:
156:
4234:"WBC forbids its champions and ranked fighters from going to Olympics"
3643:
3611:
1489:
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7935:
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7815:
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7725:
7600:
7565:
7555:
7455:
7414:
7392:
7245:
7183:
6684:
6494:
5169:
5090:"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A paradigm in search of evidence?"
4799:
3531:
2752:
2561:
2383:
1867:
1733:
1689:
1541:
1351:
1319:
1202:
897:
The first world heavyweight champion under the Queensberry Rules was
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238:
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44:
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7525:
7435:
7382:
7344:
7332:
7208:
6775:
6689:
6614:
6571:
6551:
5555:"Study – Why are CTE Symptoms Worse for Boxers vs. Other Athletes?"
5321:
4957:
4561:"Hobbies & Braces: Protect Teeth While Playing Sport and Music"
3627:
2391:
2390:
or "tie up" the opponent's hands so he is unable to throw hooks or
2354:
2326:
2217:
2144:
2067:
2011:
2002:
1096:
991:
943:
641:
A boxer and a rooster in a Roman mosaic of first century AD at the
610:
555:
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479:
313:
270:
4092:"Information About Boxing: Definition, History, Rules & Types"
9211:
9124:
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8353:
8308:
8243:
8193:
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7905:
7900:
7800:
7758:
7660:
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7560:
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7377:
7327:
6899:
6250:
The Science of Self Defence: A Treatise on Sparring and Wrestling
2650:
1611:
was known for his aggressive, non-stop assault style of fighting.
618:
464:
286:
6162:
The Ultimate Boxer: Understanding the Sport and Skills of Boxing
5644:
4204:"Feisty USA Boxing President John Brown Sees Better Times Ahead"
4186:"Professional boxers will be allowed to compete at Rio Olympics"
3062:
919:
and the popularity of great champions such as John L. Sullivan.
370:
over a series of one-to-three-minute intervals called "rounds".
9305:
9226:
8363:
8318:
8271:
8248:
8203:
8161:
7867:
7643:
7595:
7545:
7003:
6765:
6531:
6245:(with photographs by John Ranard) (1987, revised edition, 2006)
5891:
4626:
Championship Fighting Explosive Punching and Aggressive Defense
4613:
Championship Fighting Explosive Punching and Aggressive Defense
3190:
3058:
2188:
An illegal punch to the back of the head or neck is known as a
1174:
769:
in a re-match for the heavyweight championship of England, 1811
653:
570:
487:
290:
5372:
5131:"New insights into the long-term effects of mild brain injury"
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
2736:
1846:. Most trainers do not allow boxers to train and spar without
493:
The earliest visual evidence of any type of boxing comes from
7996:
7748:
7540:
7515:
6371:
6367:, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
6123:
Fleischer, Nat, Sam Andre, Nigel Collins, Dan Rafael (2002).
5691:"The Evidence for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Boxing"
5030:
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
3727:
3573:"Musti Yuddha - Martial Arts in India- Art and Culture Notes"
3171:
1405:
Notable counter punchers include Muhammad Ali, Joe Calzaghe,
877:
516:
498:
494:
483:
420:
fresco circa 1650 BC. This is the earliest documented use of
321:
5432:
2770:
in 1989. The first inductees in 1990 included Jack Johnson,
2751:
and the Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas. The latter opened in
2435:
is an arm punch which owes its power to the shortening of a
674:
The Science of Defence: A Treatise on Sparring and Wrestling
9171:
9139:
8358:
8313:
8238:
8198:
7450:
7410:
7352:
7295:
7223:
6190:"Accidents Take Lives of Young Alumni" (July/August 2005).
5221:
3376:
3038:
624:
In Ancient Greece boxing was a well developed sport called
577:) were often fought to the death. During the period of the
501:
both from the third millennium BC. A relief sculpture from
440:
258:
5739:"American Association of Professional Ringside Physicians"
5272:
4929:
4639:"The Tactical Guide to Gennady Golovkin vs Canelo Alvarez"
597:, an 18th-century Sikh text, gives numerous references to
6594:
6386:
3068:
2657:. Norway legalized professional boxing in December 2014.
2018:
1990:
1624:
1584:. This style of boxing was also used by fictional boxers
273:, depending on the rules. Some of these variants are the
5949:
5742:
5529:
Handbook of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration
4978:
4830:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 24 March 1981. p. 2D.
1623:" because swarming usually involves being hit with many
1310:, Sugar Ray Leonard, Roy Jones Jr., Wladimir Klitschko,
668:
8460:
7635:
6341:
5689:
McCrory, Paul; Zazryn, Tsharni; Cameron, Peter (2007).
4067:"Why boxing disappeared after the Rumble in the Jungle"
3201:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 637–639.
2587:
The distance (boxing) § Distance change criticisms
1882:
to train newbies in a more musical way to gain rhythm.
797:
6382:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 350–352.
4931:
3182:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 350–352.
1977:, conversely, is vulnerable to a straight right hand.
826:. The rules were published under the patronage of the
8494:
5481:
4979:
Tommasone, Beth A; Valovich McLeod, Tamara C (2006).
3659:"Sports Spectators from Antiquity to the Renaissance"
3600:, London: MacMillan, 1910, p.402, pp.415–416, 419–422
3244:"Is boxing considered a martial art? Yes, here's why"
863:
741:
Progymnasmata: The inn-play, or Cornish-hugg wrestler
297:. Boxing techniques have been incorporated into many
5837:"Why head-guards in boxing isn't always best ?"
5816:
5688:
5380:
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
5027:
3078:
6293:
Writing the Prizefight: Pierce Egan's Boxiana World
4587:"The Importance of a Mouthguard When Playing Sport"
2873:
830:, whose name has always been associated with them.
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6836:List of deaths due to injuries sustained in boxing
6227:. Robson Books (UK) / Parkwest Publications (US).
5975:"Boxing Hall of Fame Las Vegas news – Boxing News"
3339:
3337:
3292:"Inside the UK's white-collar cage fighting scene"
1028:
710:, and the first English bare-knuckle champion was
490:, eastward to Mesopotamia, and northward to Rome.
249:at each other for a predetermined amount of time.
4654:"Canelo vs Golovkin Breakdown: Moves to remember"
4042:"Prizefighting and the Birth of Movie Censorship"
3260:"9 reasons why boxing is the perfect martial art"
2569:practice). This can be seen in the fight between
9348:
5439:Journal of Vascular and Interventional Neurology
4845:Electronic Journals of Martial Arts and Sciences
4481:James Roberts and Alexander Skutt, Joe Frazier,
4423:"The 15 Greatest Composite Punchers of All Time"
4289:. Boxing.about.com. 9 April 2012. Archived from
2591:Knocking a person unconscious or even causing a
2181:Another unconventional punch is the rarely used
672:A straight right demonstrated in Edmund Price's
663:
439:with different extremities of the body, such as
5867:"Olympic boxing drops headgear, tweaks scoring"
3896:. University of Chicago Press. 2017. p. 3.
3742:Roberts, James B.; Skutt, Alexander G. (2006).
3334:
3276:"Reasons why boxing is the perfect martial art"
3165:notes as different pugilism and boxing. Vol. 4
1636:was famous for throwing devastating uppercuts.
890:in 1882 found that a bare-knuckle fight was an
8969:
5741:. Aaprp.org. 17 September 2011. Archived from
4701:Boxing: A Worldwide Record of Bouts and Boxers
4172:"Barry McGuigan explains Cuban boxing success"
3961:
3959:
3835:Daniel Mendoza, The Modern Art of Boxing, 1790
3367:
3365:
3124:– military training exercise related to boxing
2460:is regarded as the inventor of the bolo punch.
1290:. This style was also used by fictional boxer
8955:
8446:
7019:
6915:
6402:
6313:, Vol. 249, No. 2, 211–213, January 14, 1983.
6153:Gunn M, Ormerod D. "The Legality of Boxing".
3748:(4th ed.). Ithaca, N.Y.: McBooks Press.
3393:
3353:
3351:
1306:Notable boxer-punchers include Muhammad Ali,
987:regardless of if the fighter gets up before.
6365:Boxing Prints Collection. General Collection
4651:
3741:
3716:
3478:
1989:There are four basic punches in boxing: the
6311:Journal of the American Medical Association
6094:TITLE TOWN, USA: Boxing in Upstate New York
4873:Journal of the American Medical Association
3956:
3555:
3479:Draeger, Donn F.; Smith, Robert W. (1980).
3362:
2759:, former assistant manager for Mike Tyson.
2664:
2431:: Occasionally seen in Olympic boxing, the
1778:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
8962:
8948:
8453:
8439:
7026:
7012:
6922:
6908:
6409:
6395:
5525:
5087:
4954:"UK | BMA renews call for boxing ban"
4652:Fantaousakis, Kostas (23 September 2017).
4142:"Headgear Protects Boxers' Brains, Mostly"
3612:"The Evidence for Kicking in Greek Boxing"
3396:"Encyclopædia Britannica entry for Boxing"
3348:
2412: : Used by Muhammad Ali in his 1974 "
451:, has existed across the world throughout
6791:International Women's Boxing Hall of Fame
5909:
5774:SecondsOut.com, Accessed 25 November 2007
5714:
5624:"Does Amateur Boxing Cause Brain Damage?"
5616:
5552:
5458:
5409:
5391:
5349:
5339:
5298:
5249:
5239:
5198:
5188:
5146:
5105:
5004:
4798:
4334:. Boxing Training Fitness. Archived from
3921:
3530:
2749:International Boxing Hall of Fame (IBHOF)
2715:Learn how and when to remove this message
1885:Boxing matches typically take place in a
1798:Learn how and when to remove this message
1711:
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Full contact combat sport and martial art
6263:Ringside: A Treasury of Boxing Reportage
5606:"Amateur boxers suffer brain damage too"
4870:
3967:"Marquess of Queensberry rules | boxing"
3953:educational website. Retrieved 12/14/06.
3656:
3609:
3163:Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
2883:
2735:
2546:
2403:
2131:
2074:
1728:
1603:
1488:
1210:was a typical example of an out-fighter.
1201:
1133:
1087:
1043:
1032:
996:
926:
905:in 1892 at the Pelican Athletic Club in
871:
832:
757:
667:
648:Boxing was a popular spectator sport in
636:
427:
407:
404:History of physical training and fitness
8018:
6252:, 1867 (available at Internet Archive,
5578:
4697:
3990:
3372:Boxing equipment and history - Olympics
2731:
1717:pressure fight with his power punches.
14:
9349:
6884:
6210:The Hardest Game: McIlvanney on Boxing
5128:
4826:"Sports People: Inside boxer's head".
4784:
4262:
4139:
3993:"London – History – Unlicensed Boxing"
3570:
3143:World Colored Heavyweight Championship
3107:List of current world boxing champions
1832:Julio César Chávez vs. Meldrick Taylor
1185:
1123:
892:assault occasioning actual bodily harm
643:National Archaeological Museum, Naples
8943:
8434:
8017:
7078:
7007:
6903:
6390:
5526:Castellani, Rudy J. (24 April 2020).
4670:
4112:
3452:
1599:
985:require the referee to count to eight
656:. Fighting events were held at Roman
344:, where boxing was established as an
6874:
6024:
5801:
4981:"Contact Sport Concussion Incidence"
4879:(2). Jama.jamanetwork.com: 249–250.
4673:"Boxing for Fitness: Straight Right"
2794:. Other world-class figures include
2740:Stamp honoring heavyweight champion
2697:adding citations to reliable sources
2668:
1776:adding citations to reliable sources
1743:
1652:, Julio César Chávez, Jack Dempsey,
1197:
1066:and other tournaments sanctioned by
1004:of Sweden KO's heavyweight champion
798:Marquess of Queensberry rules (1867)
67:adding citations to reliable sources
38:
8462:World professional boxing champions
5950:"International Boxing Hall of Fame"
4546:James Roberts and Alexander Skutt,
4520:James Roberts and Alexander Skutt,
4507:James Roberts and Alexander Skutt,
4494:James Roberts and Alexander Skutt,
4468:James Roberts and Alexander Skutt,
4408:James Roberts and Alexander Skutt,
4395:James Roberts and Alexander Skutt,
4382:James Roberts and Alexander Skutt,
4061:
3699:"History Boxing : CISM Europe"
3598:Greek Athletic Sports and Festivals
3022:Transnational Boxing Rankings Board
2452:as well as current British fighter
746:The first boxing rules, called the
529:Various types of boxing existed in
24:
7079:
6929:
5843:. 14 February 2019. Archived from
5660:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117047
5497:10.1227/01.neu.0000187541.87937.d9
5228:Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
4039:
4016:
3006:
2987:Intercontinental Boxing Federation
2576:
1700:. This style was also used by the
1484:
1393:
864:Late 19th and early 20th centuries
810:for amateur championships held at
455:, being a combat system as old as
393:
25:
9383:
8721:Super featherweight (130 lb)
7946:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
6786:International Boxing Hall of Fame
6348:International Boxing Hall of Fame
6333:
6316:U.S. Amateur Boxing Inc. (1994).
5898:European Journal of Sport Science
5088:Castellani, Rudy J. (June 2015).
4140:Emspak, Jesse (8 February 2012).
3808:East London Prize Ring Rules 1743
3616:The American Journal of Philology
3596:Gardiner, E. Norman, 'Boxing' in
3482:Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts
2974:International Boxing Organization
2764:International Boxing Hall of Fame
2448:champions Sugar Ray Leonard, and
2038:– in counter-punch with a looping
1724:
1077:
8970:
8731:Super bantamweight (122 lb)
8711:Light welterweight (140 lb)
8701:Light middleweight (154 lb)
8691:Super middleweight (168 lb)
8414:
8404:
7911:Historical European martial arts
7033:
6883:
6873:
6864:
6863:
6493:
6125:An Illustrated History of Boxing
6018:
5993:
5967:
5942:
5885:
5859:
5829:
5810:
5795:
5777:
5757:
5731:
5707:10.2165/00007256-200737060-00001
5682:
5648:American Journal of Epidemiology
5129:Ridler, Charlotte (April 2017).
4930:Australian Medical Association.
4885:10.1001/jama.1983.03330260068037
4533:James Roberts, Alexander Skutt,
3949:Part of the Library of Congress
3278:. MMA Channel. 29 September 2021
3081:
3000:International Boxing Association
2930:Nevada State Athletic Commission
2904:heavyweight champion, Ukrainian
2874:Governing and sanctioning bodies
2673:
2601:chronic traumatic encephalopathy
2482:
2466:
2307:
2291:
2275:
2258:
2241:
2225:
2209:
2059:
2043:
2026:
2010:
1946:
1932:
1918:
1830:, the boxer or out-fighter (see
1748:
1528:, Danny García, Wilfredo Gómez,
1297:
1180:
1074:strongly opposed that decision.
922:
149:
43:
8686:Light heavyweight (175 lb)
8415:
6048:
5638:
5598:
5572:
5546:
5519:
5475:
5426:
5366:
5328:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
5315:
5266:
5215:
5163:
5122:
5081:
5056:
5021:
4972:
4946:
4923:
4919:. CBC Sports. 19 December 2000.
4909:
4891:
4864:
4850:
4834:
4819:
4778:
4752:
4730:
4691:
4664:
4645:
4631:
4618:
4605:
4579:
4553:
4540:
4527:
4514:
4501:
4488:
4475:
4462:
4445:
4415:
4402:
4389:
4376:
4350:
4324:
4305:
4275:
4256:
4226:
4196:
4178:
4164:
4133:
4106:
4084:
4055:
4033:
4010:
3984:
3940:
3915:
3900:
3886:
3864:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3799:
3777:
3691:
3650:
3603:
3590:
3564:
3524:
3499:
3472:
3446:
3435:
3424:
3413:
3013:List of current boxing rankings
2955:International Boxing Federation
2918:British Boxing Board of Control
2804:Roberto "Manos de Piedra" Durán
2684:needs additional citations for
1060:Automated Boxing Scoring System
1029:Professional vs. amateur boxing
733:Sir Thomas Parkyns, 2nd Baronet
54:needs additional citations for
6811:Muhammad Ali Boxing Reform Act
6060:The Gloves: A Boxing Chronicle
5804:"Boxers bounce back in Sweden"
5765:"Medical Issues and the AAPRP"
4332:"The Science of Boxing Styles"
4263:Belson, Ken (15 August 2016).
3785:"tumblr_lx13m7QVfb1qa5yan.jpg"
3538:. HarperCollins. p. 131.
3323:
3312:
3233:
3205:
3155:
2542:
1145:outside the ring; painting by
946:, Finland, on 27 November 2010
750:, were introduced by champion
725:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica
13:
1:
8751:Light flyweight (108 lb)
8741:Super flyweight (115 lb)
6851:HBO World Championship Boxing
6485:Marquess of Queensberry Rules
6318:Coaching Olympic Style Boxing
6142:. Stewart, Tabori and Chang.
6114:Weight classification, "2009"
6079:A Pictorial History of Boxing
5911:10.1080/17461391.2021.1872711
5628:American Academy of Neurology
4611:Dempsey, Jack, 'Footwork' in
3922:Rodriguez, Robert G. (2009).
3911:. 29 January 1790. p. 3.
3571:Amruta, Patil (5 July 2022).
3226:
2422:eight-division world champion
1218:Notable out-fighters include
968:Marquess of Queensberry Rules
961:Marquess of Queensberry Rules
804:Marquess of Queensberry rules
664:Early London prize ring rules
533:. The earliest references to
520:
506:
350:Marquess of Queensberry Rules
8756:Mini flyweight (105 lb)
6826:Women Boxing Archive Network
6301:Learn to Box with the Iceman
6255:, access date 26 June 2018).
6025:Iole, Kevin (28 June 2013).
5630:. 2 May 2007. Archived from
5579:Bissell, Tim (3 July 2019).
5393:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181a9d503
4985:Journal of Athletic Training
4698:Goldman, Herbert G. (2012).
3002:(IBA; now also professional)
2880:List of boxing organisations
2618:American Medical Association
1892:
1837:
1644:Notable in-fighters include
855:banned. The introduction of
7:
8726:Featherweight (126 lb)
8681:Cruiserweight (200 lb)
5553:EMagraken (11 April 2017).
5532:. IOS Press, Incorporated.
4847:, Accessed 25 November 2007
4842:"Death Under the Spotlight"
4624:Dempsey, Jack, 'Stance' in
3610:Crowther, Nigel B. (1990).
3074:
2755:in 2013 and was founded by
2627:British Medical Association
2515:, as well as MMA champions
1899:Boxing styles and technique
1844:damage to bones in the hand
1280:Sergio "Maravilla" Martínez
702:, sometimes referred to as
305:, and other combat sports.
10:
9388:
8736:Bantamweight (118 lb)
8706:Welterweight (147 lb)
8696:Middleweight (160 lb)
8671:Heavyweight (200+ lb)
6416:
6092:Baker, Mark Allen (2010).
5802:Fish, Jim (26 June 2007).
4785:Carter, Neil (June 2006).
4760:"Boxing: The health risks"
3485:. Kodansha International.
3246:. MMA Channel. 5 June 2021
3010:
2877:
2580:
2199:
1984:
1896:
1161:, when the death of boxer
1127:
1081:
1072:professional organizations
958:
735:, a wrestling patron from
397:
388:
29:
9324:
9274:
8982:
8897:
8854:
8769:
8716:Lightweight (135 lb)
8659:
8581:
8502:
8491:
8468:
8400:
8337:
8292:
8222:
8177:
8107:
8028:
8024:
8013:
7959:
7891:
7829:
7734:
7676:
7634:
7506:
7391:
7343:
7286:
7169:
7089:
7085:
7074:
7041:
6938:
6859:
6733:
6663:
6585:
6502:
6491:
6467:
6424:
6208:McIlvanney, Hugh (2001).
6160:Halbert, Christy (2003).
5241:10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z
5107:10.1038/labinvest.2015.54
5042:10.1016/j.pmr.2008.10.004
4917:"CMA wants to ban boxing"
4828:The Philadelphia Inquirer
4679:. Northwest Fighting Arts
4313:Owingsmillsboxingclub.com
3239:Boxing is a martial art:
2961:World Boxing Organization
2655:fall of Communism in 1991
2082:is known as an excellent
1903:
777:The British sportswriter
708:London Protestant Mercury
206:
186:
172:
164:
148:
8761:Atomweight (102 lb)
8472:Current world champions
6434:Semi-professional boxing
6276:Silverman, Jeff (2004).
6164:. Impact Seminars, Inc.
6108:History of London Boxing
5770:10 February 2008 at the
5341:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00294
5148:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.32
5135:Nature Reviews Neurology
5094:Laboratory Investigation
3848:. Yahoo!. Archived from
3814:18 February 2008 at the
3666:Journal of Sport History
3657:Guttmann, Allen (1981).
3148:
2943:World Boxing Association
2937:Major sanctioning bodies
2728:relief and self-esteem.
2665:Possible health benefits
2456:. Middleweight champion
2414:the Rumble in the Jungle
2330:was an early Mike Tyson.
2170:cleanly and forcefully.
1981:exposure to body shots.
1165:eventually prompted the
954:
168:Western boxing, pugilism
8867:Undisputed championship
8772:multiple weight classes
8746:Flyweight (112 lb)
8143:Former official sports
7571:Northern Praying Mantis
7146:Mainland Southeast Asia
6879:Commons:Category:Boxing
6796:List of boxing families
6480:London Prize Ring Rules
6379:Encyclopædia Britannica
6358:Encyclopædia Britannica
6291:Snowdon, David (2013).
6223:Myler, Patrick (1997).
6175:Hatmaker, Mark (2004).
6118:Encyclopædia Britannica
5841:www.mskhealthcare.co.uk
5819:British Medical Journal
4903:8 February 2011 at the
4283:"Andrew Eisele (2005).
3951:Inventing Entertainment
3198:Encyclopædia Britannica
3179:Encyclopædia Britannica
3097:Boxing (disambiguation)
2639:National Safety Council
1536:, Prince Naseem Hamed,
899:"Gentleman Jim" Corbett
828:Marquess of Queensberry
791:London Prize Ring Rules
459:. However, in terms of
416:youths boxing, from an
308:Humans have engaged in
210:688 BC (ancient Greece)
32:Boxing (disambiguation)
8675:records and statistics
7982:Professional wrestling
7649:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
6138:Fox, James A. (2001).
5612:(2602): 4. 8 May 2007.
5279:Journal of Neurotrauma
4704:. NC, USA: McFarland.
4591:Orthodontics Australia
4565:Orthodontics Australia
3991:Holland, Gary (2008).
3133:Weight class in boxing
2908:
2812:Gabriel "Flash" Elorde
2744:
2556:
2152:
2091:
1741:
1712:Combinations of styles
1612:
1497:
1260:Ricardo "Finito" López
1211:
1149:
1100:
1051:
1049:Women's Amateur Boxing
1041:
1009:
947:
881:
851:
770:
737:Bunny, Nottinghamshire
677:
645:
603:Indian cultural sphere
587:Indian classical music
433:
425:
9372:Summer Olympic sports
9362:European martial arts
9336:Winter Olympic sports
9264:Greco-Roman wrestling
8976:Summer Olympic sports
8078:Demonstration sports
6179:. Tracks Publishing.
6062:. North Point Press.
5825:– via ProQuest.
5291:10.1089/neu.2014.3415
4455:and Alexander Skutt,
4174:. BBC. 18 April 2013.
3947:Leonard–Cushing fight
3112:List of female boxers
2924:European Boxing Union
2887:
2739:
2550:
2404:Unorthodox strategies
2135:
2078:
1880:music boxing machines
1732:
1607:
1492:
1372:Marco Antonio Barrera
1206:Heavyweight champion
1205:
1137:
1091:
1047:
1036:
1000:
930:
876:Amateur Boxing Club,
875:
845:
761:
671:
640:
541:classical Vedic epics
463:, due to the lack of
447:, as an act of human
431:
411:
9275:Discretionary sports
8929:Boxing organisations
8889:Undefeated champions
8884:Interim championship
8338:Martial arts at the
8293:Martial arts at the
8223:Martial arts at the
8178:Martial arts at the
8158:Invitational sports
8108:Martial arts at the
8029:Martial arts at the
7951:Pencak Silat Harimau
7789:Pencak Silat Harimau
7721:Submission wrestling
7426:Luta Livre esportiva
6831:List of boxing films
6806:Dementia pugilistica
6741:Ancient Greek boxing
6640:Short straight-punch
6320:. Cooper Pub Group.
5190:10.1093/brain/awx350
4766:on 18 September 2002
4641:. 15 September 2017.
4318:19 June 2006 at the
4285:Olympic Boxing Rules
4238:boxingnewsonline.net
3455:"The Neutral Corner"
3102:List of boxing films
2949:World Boxing Council
2732:Boxing Halls of Fame
2693:improve this article
2653:from 1965 until the
2631:10-point must system
2595:may cause permanent
2583:Dementia pugilistica
1772:improve this section
1590:James "Clubber" Lang
1572:, Vitali Klitschko,
1532:, John L. Sullivan,
1463:Floyd Mayweather Jr.
1288:Guillermo Rigondeaux
1264:Floyd Mayweather Jr.
1167:World Boxing Council
884:The English case of
695:or 'fist fighting'.
400:Ancient Greek boxing
229:. Taking place in a
63:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
9259:Freestyle wrestling
9155:Rhythmic gymnastics
9150:Artistic gymnastics
8862:Lineal championship
8803:Quintuple champions
8791:Quadruple champions
8019:International games
7701:Full contact karate
7691:Professional boxing
7406:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
6816:Bare-knuckle boxing
6527:Lineal championship
6454:White-collar boxing
6429:Professional boxing
6280:. The Lyons Press.
5745:on 11 February 2010
5068:headcasecompany.com
4548:The Boxing Register
4535:The Boxing Register
4522:The Boxing Register
4509:The Boxing Register
4496:The Boxing Register
4483:The Boxing Register
4470:The Boxing Register
4457:The Boxing Register
4433:on 30 November 2020
4410:The Boxing Register
4397:The Boxing Register
4384:The Boxing Register
4244:on 22 December 2017
4071:The Washington Post
4021:. Cyber Boxing Zone
3806:John Rennie (2006)
3672:(2). Archived from
3453:Australia, Boxing.
3394:Michael Poliakoff.
3128:Undisputed champion
3117:List of male boxers
3089:Martial arts portal
2768:Canastota, New York
2382:or a rough form of
1455:Juan Manuel Márquez
1192:rock paper scissors
1186:Definition of style
1130:Professional boxing
1124:Professional boxing
934:(on the right) vs.
700:bare-knuckle boxing
553:1500–1000 BCE) and
332:, and northward to
310:hand-to-hand combat
275:bare-knuckle boxing
145:
8827:Septuple champions
8815:Sextuple champions
8582:Other world titles
8503:Major world titles
8181:Pan American Games
7858:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
7769:Jieitaikakutōjutsu
7706:Mixed martial arts
6239:Oates, Joyce Carol
5791:. 15 January 2015.
4840:Svinth, Joseph R.
4807:on 4 November 2021
4593:. 21 February 2020
4550:, 1999, p.339, 340
4338:on 12 January 2012
4293:on 6 February 2012
4269:The New York Times
4115:The Sewanee Review
4094:. 31 December 2016
3874:. Groups.yahoo.com
3852:on 24 October 2014
3703:www.cismeurope.org
3508:Samayapalana Parva
3069:Fightstat (rating)
3031:6 May 2019 at the
2909:
2906:Wladimir Klitschko
2784:Sugar Ray Robinson
2745:
2557:
2491:Overhand (overcut)
2153:
2092:
1742:
1668:, Manny Pacquiao,
1613:
1600:Swarmer/in-fighter
1558:Ruslan Provodnikov
1518:Julio César Chávez
1498:
1348:Sugar Ray Robinson
1322:, Wilfredo Gómez,
1284:Wladimir Klitschko
1212:
1150:
1105:Commonwealth Games
1101:
1052:
1042:
1010:
948:
882:
852:
771:
678:
646:
563:700–400 BCE). The
461:sports competition
434:
426:
379:judges' scorecards
364:Commonwealth Games
190:The sport itself:
143:
9367:Individual sports
9344:
9343:
9332:Paralympic sports
9177:Modern pentathlon
9005:Marathon Swimming
8937:
8936:
8901:Current rankings
8839:Octuple champions
8655:
8654:
8428:
8427:
8396:
8395:
8392:
8391:
8009:
8008:
8005:
8004:
7972:Martial arts film
7001:
7000:
6897:
6896:
6841:Chivarreto boxing
6771:Championship belt
6557:Corner retirement
6127:. Citadel Press.
6102:978-1-59629-769-2
5559:Combat Sports Law
5539:978-1-64368-064-4
5285:(23): 1907–1913.
4711:978-0-7864-6054-0
4671:Patterson, Jeff.
4208:The Sweet Science
3755:978-1-59013-121-3
3679:on 22 August 2017
3545:978-0-00-255717-7
3492:978-0-87011-436-6
3459:www.boxing.org.au
2753:Las Vegas, Nevada
2725:
2724:
2717:
2521:Fedor Emelianenko
2269:(with the gloves)
2147:on Rafael Ortiz (
2137:Ricardo Dominguez
1967:isometric preload
1808:
1807:
1800:
1411:Evander Holyfield
1272:Sugar Ray Leonard
1198:Boxer/out-fighter
1002:Ingemar Johansson
938:(on the left) at
843:
721:Duke of Albemarle
717:Christopher Monck
469:prehistoric times
235:protective gloves
216:
215:
187:Country of origin
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
9379:
9242:Beach volleyball
8983:Mandatory sports
8974:
8964:
8957:
8950:
8941:
8940:
8922:current rankings
8779:Triple champions
8500:
8499:
8495:sanctioning body
8455:
8448:
8441:
8432:
8431:
8418:
8417:
8408:
8026:
8025:
8015:
8014:
7087:
7086:
7076:
7075:
7028:
7021:
7014:
7005:
7004:
6924:
6917:
6910:
6901:
6900:
6889:Wikiquote:Boxing
6887:
6886:
6877:
6876:
6867:
6866:
6846:Boxeo de Primera
6497:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6388:
6387:
6383:
6375:
6345:
6344:
6342:Official website
6295:(Peter Lang Ltd)
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6031:Sports.yahoo.com
6022:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6001:"Inductee Index"
5997:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5979:Boxingnews24.com
5971:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5946:
5940:
5939:
5913:
5889:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5863:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5833:
5827:
5826:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5781:
5775:
5763:Hauser, Thomas.
5761:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5718:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5634:on 27 June 2007.
5620:
5614:
5613:
5602:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5491:(6): 1154–1172.
5479:
5473:
5472:
5462:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5413:
5395:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5353:
5343:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5302:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5253:
5243:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5202:
5192:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5150:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5109:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5008:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4950:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4913:
4907:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4868:
4862:
4854:
4848:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4803:. Archived from
4802:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4762:. Archived from
4756:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4714:. Archived from
4695:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4635:
4629:
4622:
4616:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4557:
4551:
4544:
4538:
4537:, 1999, p.98, 99
4531:
4525:
4518:
4512:
4505:
4499:
4492:
4486:
4479:
4473:
4466:
4460:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4429:. Archived from
4419:
4413:
4406:
4400:
4393:
4387:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4364:on 11 March 2015
4360:. Archived from
4354:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4328:
4322:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4240:. Archived from
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4210:. Archived from
4200:
4194:
4193:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4152:on 23 April 2016
4148:. Archived from
4137:
4131:
4130:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4063:Socolow, Michael
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3963:
3954:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3909:Stamford Mercury
3904:
3898:
3897:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3818:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3678:
3663:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3607:
3601:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3536:India: A History
3528:
3522:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3450:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3391:
3374:
3369:
3360:
3355:
3346:
3341:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3237:
3220:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3194:
3192:"Pugilism"
3183:
3175:
3159:
3091:
3086:
3085:
3084:
2912:Governing bodies
2816:Vicente Saldivar
2796:Salvador Sanchez
2720:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2700:
2677:
2669:
2486:
2470:
2311:
2295:
2279:
2262:
2245:
2229:
2213:
2063:
2047:
2030:
2014:
1950:
1936:
1922:
1803:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1752:
1744:
1674:Wayne McCullough
1664:, Danny García,
1658:Gennady Golovkin
1656:, Miguel Cotto,
1580:, and Ireland's
1562:Michael Katsidis
1471:Pernell Whitaker
1467:Roger Mayweather
1407:Vitali Klitschko
1399:Counter punchers
1388:Gennady Golovkin
1324:Oscar De La Hoya
1312:Vasyl Lomachenko
1236:Salvador Sánchez
903:John L. Sullivan
844:
806:were drafted by
617:in Cambodia and
591:Sanskrit grammar
562:
552:
525:
522:
511:
508:
303:military systems
202:: United Kingdom
153:
146:
142:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
9387:
9386:
9382:
9381:
9380:
9378:
9377:
9376:
9347:
9346:
9345:
9340:
9320:
9270:
9086:Mountain biking
8978:
8968:
8938:
8933:
8917:Pound for pound
8893:
8850:
8771:
8765:
8661:
8651:
8577:
8493:
8487:
8464:
8459:
8429:
8424:
8388:
8339:
8333:
8294:
8288:
8224:
8218:
8179:
8173:
8109:
8103:
8032:Summer Olympics
8030:
8020:
8001:
7955:
7887:
7825:
7739:
7730:
7681:
7672:
7630:
7626:Yoshukai Karate
7586:Shaolin kung fu
7502:
7387:
7363:Practice weapon
7339:
7282:
7172:
7165:
7091:Regional origin
7081:
7070:
7037:
7032:
7002:
6997:
6934:
6928:
6898:
6893:
6869:Category:Boxing
6855:
6761:Boxing training
6751:Boxing rankings
6729:
6725:Southpaw stance
6720:Orthodox stance
6666:
6659:
6581:
6522:Pound for pound
6498:
6489:
6475:Broughton Rules
6463:
6420:
6415:
6370:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6331:
6265:. Ivan R. Dee.
6259:Schulberg, Budd
6212:. McGraw-Hill.
6193:Illinois Alumni
6051:
6046:
6045:
6035:
6033:
6023:
6019:
6009:
6007:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5984:
5982:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5958:
5956:
5948:
5947:
5943:
5890:
5886:
5876:
5874:
5873:. 23 March 2013
5865:
5864:
5860:
5850:
5848:
5847:on 6 March 2023
5835:
5834:
5830:
5815:
5811:
5800:
5796:
5785:"Bouncing back"
5783:
5782:
5778:
5772:Wayback Machine
5762:
5758:
5748:
5746:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5695:Sports Medicine
5687:
5683:
5643:
5639:
5622:
5621:
5617:
5604:
5603:
5599:
5589:
5587:
5577:
5573:
5563:
5561:
5551:
5547:
5540:
5524:
5520:
5480:
5476:
5431:
5427:
5371:
5367:
5320:
5316:
5271:
5267:
5220:
5216:
5168:
5164:
5127:
5123:
5086:
5082:
5072:
5070:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5026:
5022:
4977:
4973:
4963:
4961:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4937:
4935:
4928:
4924:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4905:Wayback Machine
4896:
4892:
4869:
4865:
4855:
4851:
4839:
4835:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4810:
4808:
4783:
4779:
4769:
4767:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4743:
4741:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4719:
4712:
4696:
4692:
4682:
4680:
4669:
4665:
4650:
4646:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4623:
4619:
4610:
4606:
4596:
4594:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4570:
4568:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4545:
4541:
4532:
4528:
4519:
4515:
4506:
4502:
4493:
4489:
4480:
4476:
4467:
4463:
4451:James Roberts,
4450:
4446:
4436:
4434:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4407:
4403:
4394:
4390:
4381:
4377:
4367:
4365:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4341:
4339:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4320:Wayback Machine
4310:
4306:
4296:
4294:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4261:
4257:
4247:
4245:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4217:
4215:
4214:on 15 June 2018
4202:
4201:
4197:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4155:
4153:
4138:
4134:
4111:
4107:
4097:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4060:
4056:
4046:
4044:
4040:Orbach, Barak.
4038:
4034:
4024:
4022:
4017:Callis, Tracy.
4015:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3965:
3964:
3957:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3920:
3916:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3872:"Yahoo! Groups"
3870:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3853:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3816:Wayback Machine
3804:
3800:
3790:
3788:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3756:
3733:
3731:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3661:
3655:
3651:
3608:
3604:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3569:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3529:
3525:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3477:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3436:
3429:
3425:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3402:
3392:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3313:
3301:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3265:
3263:
3258:
3249:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3210:
3206:
3189:
3170:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3087:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3033:Wayback Machine
3015:
3009:
3007:Boxing rankings
2882:
2876:
2844:Wilfred Benitez
2824:Eusebio Pedroza
2780:Henry Armstrong
2734:
2721:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2690:
2678:
2667:
2616:Journal of the
2589:
2579:
2577:Health concerns
2545:
2513:Tim Witherspoon
2494:
2487:
2478:
2471:
2458:Ceferino Garcia
2454:Chris Eubank Jr
2406:
2317:
2312:
2303:
2296:
2287:
2280:
2271:
2263:
2254:
2252:(with the arms)
2246:
2237:
2230:
2221:
2214:
2202:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2048:
2039:
2031:
2022:
2015:
1987:
1975:southpaw stance
1956:
1951:
1942:
1937:
1928:
1923:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1840:
1828:Meldrick Taylor
1804:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1769:
1753:
1727:
1714:
1646:Henry Armstrong
1609:Henry Armstrong
1602:
1493:Famous brawler
1487:
1485:Brawler/slugger
1431:Bernard Hopkins
1396:
1394:Counter puncher
1360:Alexis Argüello
1344:Henry Armstrong
1300:
1256:Meldrick Taylor
1240:Cecilia Brækhus
1200:
1188:
1183:
1132:
1126:
1086:
1080:
1031:
1006:Floyd Patterson
963:
957:
932:Robert Helenius
925:
901:, who defeated
866:
833:
800:
748:Broughton Rules
666:
579:Western Satraps
560:
550:
523:
509:
503:Egyptian Thebes
406:
396:
394:Ancient history
391:
211:
198:
192:Ancient history
160:
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9385:
9375:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9338:
9325:
9322:
9321:
9319:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9284:
9278:
9276:
9272:
9271:
9269:
9268:
9267:
9266:
9261:
9251:
9246:
9245:
9244:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9207:Sport climbing
9204:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9163:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9121:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9100:
9099:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9068:
9067:
9066:
9061:
9051:
9046:
9045:
9044:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9018:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8979:
8967:
8966:
8959:
8952:
8944:
8935:
8934:
8932:
8931:
8926:
8925:
8924:
8914:
8913:
8912:
8907:
8898:
8895:
8894:
8892:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8880:
8879:
8874:
8864:
8858:
8856:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8848:
8847:
8846:
8836:
8835:
8834:
8824:
8823:
8822:
8812:
8811:
8810:
8800:
8799:
8798:
8788:
8787:
8786:
8775:
8773:
8767:
8766:
8764:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8667:
8665:
8657:
8656:
8653:
8652:
8650:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8633:
8632:
8622:
8621:
8620:
8615:
8605:
8604:
8603:
8598:
8585:
8583:
8579:
8578:
8576:
8575:
8574:
8573:
8568:
8558:
8557:
8556:
8551:
8541:
8540:
8539:
8534:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8517:
8506:
8504:
8497:
8489:
8488:
8486:
8485:
8484:
8483:
8478:
8469:
8466:
8465:
8458:
8457:
8450:
8443:
8435:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8422:
8412:
8401:
8398:
8397:
8394:
8393:
8390:
8389:
8387:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8345:
8343:
8341:European Games
8335:
8334:
8332:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8300:
8298:
8290:
8289:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8230:
8228:
8220:
8219:
8217:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8185:
8183:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8171:
8170:
8169:
8164:
8156:
8155:
8154:
8149:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8115:
8113:
8105:
8104:
8102:
8101:
8100:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8087:Pistol dueling
8084:
8076:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8036:
8034:
8022:
8021:
8011:
8010:
8007:
8006:
8003:
8002:
8000:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7969:
7963:
7961:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7916:Huiyen Lallong
7913:
7908:
7903:
7897:
7895:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7873:Shorinji Kempo
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7843:American Kenpo
7839:
7837:
7827:
7826:
7824:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7792:
7791:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7745:
7743:
7732:
7731:
7729:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7687:
7685:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7670:
7663:
7658:
7651:
7646:
7640:
7638:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7576:Russian boxing
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7512:
7510:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7499:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7408:
7403:
7397:
7395:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7349:
7347:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7337:
7336:
7335:
7330:
7323:Ranged weapons
7320:
7319:
7318:
7313:
7311:Stick-fighting
7308:
7306:Knife fighting
7298:
7292:
7290:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7280:
7275:
7274:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7243:
7242:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7213:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7177:
7175:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7095:
7093:
7083:
7082:
7080:Classification
7072:
7071:
7069:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7046:List of styles
7042:
7039:
7038:
7031:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7008:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6927:
6926:
6919:
6912:
6904:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6881:
6871:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6737:
6735:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6671:
6669:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6655:Below the belt
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6602:
6597:
6591:
6589:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6577:Punching power
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6508:
6506:
6500:
6499:
6492:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6471:
6469:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6449:Women's boxing
6446:
6444:Amateur boxing
6441:
6439:Olympic boxing
6436:
6431:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6414:
6413:
6406:
6399:
6391:
6385:
6384:
6373:"Boxing"
6368:
6362:
6350:
6335:
6334:External links
6332:
6330:
6329:
6314:
6307:Ronald J. Ross
6304:
6299:Scully, John.
6296:
6289:
6274:
6256:
6248:Price, Edmund
6246:
6236:
6221:
6206:
6201:
6188:
6173:
6158:
6157:. 1995;15:181.
6151:
6136:
6121:
6111:
6105:
6090:
6073:Sam Andre and
6071:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6017:
5992:
5981:. 28 June 2013
5966:
5941:
5904:(3): 447–459.
5884:
5858:
5828:
5809:
5794:
5776:
5756:
5730:
5701:(6): 467–476.
5681:
5654:(6): 573–588.
5637:
5615:
5597:
5571:
5545:
5538:
5518:
5474:
5425:
5386:(7): 709–735.
5365:
5314:
5265:
5214:
5183:(2): 422–458.
5162:
5121:
5100:(6): 576–584.
5080:
5055:
5036:(1): 227–239.
5020:
4991:(4): 470–472.
4971:
4945:
4922:
4908:
4890:
4863:
4859:Ronald J. Ross
4849:
4833:
4818:
4791:Dora.dmu.ac.uk
4777:
4751:
4729:
4710:
4690:
4677:nwfighting.com
4663:
4644:
4630:
4617:
4604:
4578:
4552:
4539:
4526:
4513:
4511:, 1999, p.353,
4500:
4487:
4474:
4461:
4444:
4414:
4401:
4388:
4375:
4349:
4323:
4304:
4274:
4255:
4225:
4195:
4177:
4163:
4132:
4121:(3): 412–432.
4105:
4083:
4054:
4032:
4009:
3983:
3955:
3939:
3932:
3914:
3899:
3885:
3863:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3798:
3776:
3754:
3715:
3690:
3649:
3628:10.2307/294973
3622:(2): 176–181.
3602:
3589:
3563:
3554:
3544:
3523:
3506:Section XIII:
3498:
3491:
3471:
3445:
3434:
3423:
3412:
3400:Britannica.com
3375:
3361:
3347:
3333:
3322:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3298:. 4 April 2016
3288:
3272:
3256:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3213:western boxing
3211:Also known as
3204:
3184:& Vol. 22
3173:"Boxing"
3153:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3138:Women's boxing
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3011:Main article:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2914:
2913:
2878:Main article:
2875:
2872:
2868:Ezzard Charles
2864:Tony Canzoneri
2852:Felix Trinidad
2848:Wilfredo Gomez
2836:Rocky Marciano
2733:
2730:
2723:
2722:
2681:
2679:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2608:Bennie Briscoe
2578:
2575:
2571:Diego Corrales
2553:Tina Rupprecht
2544:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2528:
2525:Deontay Wilder
2509:Rocky Marciano
2496:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2426:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2369:
2363:
2348:
2337:
2331:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2272:
2264:
2257:
2255:
2247:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2198:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2084:counterpuncher
2080:Canelo Álvarez
2073:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2032:
2025:
2023:
2016:
2009:
1986:
1983:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1926:Upright stance
1924:
1917:
1905:
1902:
1897:Main article:
1894:
1891:
1872:medicine balls
1839:
1836:
1806:
1805:
1756:
1754:
1747:
1726:
1725:Style matchups
1723:
1713:
1710:
1702:Street Fighter
1682:Gerry Penalosa
1678:James Braddock
1670:Rocky Marciano
1601:
1598:
1578:Manny Pacquiao
1570:Marcos Maidana
1566:James Kirkland
1514:Rocky Marciano
1510:George Foreman
1495:George Foreman
1486:
1483:
1443:Anselmo Moreno
1395:
1392:
1384:Julian Jackson
1336:Nonito Donaire
1308:Canelo Álvarez
1299:
1296:
1276:Miguel Vázquez
1248:Ezzard Charles
1232:Wilfredo Gómez
1199:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1147:George Bellows
1128:Main article:
1125:
1122:
1117:below the belt
1084:Amateur boxing
1082:Main article:
1079:
1078:Amateur boxing
1076:
1030:
1027:
1008:, 26 June 1959
959:Main article:
956:
953:
940:Hartwall Arena
924:
921:
865:
862:
814:in London for
799:
796:
752:Jack Broughton
665:
662:
595:Gurbilas Shemi
510: 1350 BC
412:A painting of
395:
392:
390:
387:
356:Amateur boxing
342:Ancient Greece
328:, eastward to
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
188:
184:
183:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
154:
137:
136:
51:
49:
42:
26:
18:Boxer (boxing)
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9384:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9354:
9352:
9337:
9333:
9330:
9327:
9326:
9323:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9301:Flag football
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9279:
9277:
9273:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9256:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9249:Weightlifting
9247:
9243:
9240:
9239:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9202:Skateboarding
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9175:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9147:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9105:
9104:
9101:
9097:
9096:Track cycling
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9081:Freestyle BMX
9079:
9077:
9074:
9073:
9072:
9069:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9056:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9043:
9040:
9039:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8992:
8991:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8981:
8977:
8973:
8965:
8960:
8958:
8953:
8951:
8946:
8945:
8942:
8930:
8927:
8923:
8920:
8919:
8918:
8915:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8902:
8900:
8899:
8896:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8869:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8859:
8857:
8855:Miscellaneous
8853:
8845:
8842:
8841:
8840:
8837:
8833:
8830:
8829:
8828:
8825:
8821:
8818:
8817:
8816:
8813:
8809:
8806:
8805:
8804:
8801:
8797:
8794:
8793:
8792:
8789:
8785:
8782:
8781:
8780:
8777:
8776:
8774:
8768:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8676:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8666:
8664:
8658:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8631:
8628:
8627:
8626:
8623:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8610:
8609:
8606:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8593:
8592:
8591:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8580:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8563:
8562:
8559:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8546:
8545:
8542:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8529:
8528:
8525:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8508:
8507:
8505:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8490:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8473:
8471:
8470:
8467:
8463:
8456:
8451:
8449:
8444:
8442:
8437:
8436:
8433:
8421:
8413:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8402:
8399:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8342:
8336:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8301:
8299:
8297:
8296:African Games
8291:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8231:
8229:
8227:
8221:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8182:
8176:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8144:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8116:
8114:
8112:
8106:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8070:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8037:
8035:
8033:
8027:
8023:
8016:
8012:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7977:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7967:Fighting game
7965:
7964:
7962:
7960:Entertainment
7958:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7931:Krabi–krabong
7929:
7927:
7926:Kalaripayattu
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7898:
7896:
7894:
7890:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7838:
7836:
7832:
7828:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7744:
7742:
7737:
7733:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7716:Shootfighting
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7684:
7683:combat sports
7679:
7675:
7669:
7668:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7656:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7633:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7611:Tien Shan Pai
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7536:Choi Kwang-Do
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7511:
7509:
7505:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7416:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7394:
7390:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7373:Pushing hands
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7346:
7342:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7324:
7321:
7317:
7316:Swordsmanship
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7303:
7302:
7301:Melee weapons
7299:
7297:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7285:
7279:
7276:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7248:
7247:
7244:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7178:
7176:
7174:
7168:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7092:
7088:
7084:
7077:
7073:
7067:
7066:Hard and soft
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7043:
7040:
7036:
7029:
7024:
7022:
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6698:
6696:
6695:One-two combo
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6678:
6676:
6675:Bob and weave
6673:
6672:
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6294:
6290:
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6286:1-59228-479-5
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6271:1-56663-749-X
6268:
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6233:1-86105-258-8
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6170:0-9630968-5-0
6167:
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6159:
6156:
6155:Legal Studies
6152:
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6148:1-58479-133-0
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6087:0-600-50288-0
6084:
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6075:Nat Fleischer
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6068:0-86547-652-7
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5610:New Scientist
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4755:
4740:. Phrases.org
4739:
4738:"Phrases.org"
4733:
4718:on 9 May 2012
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4567:. 26 May 2017
4566:
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4498:, 1999, p.403
4497:
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4485:, 1999, p.204
4484:
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4472:, 1999, p.120
4471:
4465:
4459:, 1999, p.337
4458:
4454:
4453:Roberto Durán
4448:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4412:, 1999, p.384
4411:
4405:
4399:, 1999, p.254
4398:
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4386:, 1999, p.162
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4019:"Jim Corbett"
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3933:9780786438624
3929:
3926:. McFarland.
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2849:
2845:
2841:
2840:Pipino Cuevas
2837:
2833:
2832:Azumah Nelson
2829:
2828:Carlos Monzón
2825:
2821:
2820:Ismael Laguna
2817:
2813:
2809:
2808:Ricardo Lopez
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2772:Benny Leonard
2769:
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2754:
2750:
2743:
2738:
2729:
2719:
2716:
2708:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2682:This section
2680:
2676:
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2658:
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2646:
2643:
2640:
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2632:
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2536:
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2529:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:Chuck Liddell
2514:
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2423:
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2407:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2378:is a form of
2377:
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2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2340:Bob and weave
2338:
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2328:
2324:
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2320:
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2301:
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2029:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1852:boxing gloves
1849:
1845:
1835:
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1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1799:
1791:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1757:This section
1755:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1722:
1718:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
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1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1638:Marvin Hagler
1635:
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1506:
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1482:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:Humberto Soto
1456:
1452:
1451:Marvin Hagler
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1415:Max Schmeling
1412:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:Thomas Hearns
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:Carlos Monzón
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1298:Boxer-puncher
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:Roy Jones Jr.
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1195:
1193:
1181:Boxing styles
1178:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
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1106:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:Olympic Games
1061:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1038:Roberto Durán
1035:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
993:
988:
986:
980:
976:
972:
970:
969:
962:
952:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
923:Modern boxing
920:
918:
913:
910:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
889:
888:
879:
874:
870:
861:
858:
849:
831:
829:
825:
821:
820:middleweights
817:
813:
812:Lillie Bridge
809:
808:John Chambers
805:
802:In 1867, the
795:
792:
787:
783:
780:
775:
768:
764:
763:Tom Molineaux
760:
756:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
728:
726:
722:
718:
715:Britain when
713:
709:
705:
704:prizefighting
701:
696:
694:
693:
692:kulachniy boy
688:
683:
675:
670:
661:
659:
658:amphitheatres
655:
651:
644:
639:
635:
633:
629:
628:
622:
620:
616:
612:
609:in Thailand,
608:
604:
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588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:
558:
557:
548:
547:
542:
538:
537:
532:
531:ancient India
527:
518:
515:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
473:ancient times
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
453:human history
450:
446:
442:
438:
430:
423:
422:boxing gloves
419:
415:
410:
405:
401:
386:
384:
380:
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315:
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306:
304:
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280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:elbow strikes
260:
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250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
212:1904 (modern)
209:
207:Olympic sport
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
165:Also known as
163:
158:
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133:
130:
122:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
9328:
9217:Table tennis
9187:Rugby sevens
9160:Trampolining
9130:Field hockey
9118:Show jumping
9091:Road cycling
9064:Canoe sprint
9059:Canoe slalom
9048:
8770:Champions in
8663:weight class
8660:Champions by
8588:
8492:Champions by
8348:
8303:
8277:Pencak silat
8233:
8188:
7987:Stage combat
7941:Mardani khel
7863:Jeet Kune Do
7821:Silat Melayu
7784:Pencak silat
7736:Self-defense
7678:Full contact
7665:
7653:
7591:Shoot boxing
7531:Chess boxing
7520:
7431:Malla-yuddha
7368:Punching bag
7358:Boxing glove
7215:Leg strikes
7194:Elbow strike
7180:Arm strikes
7035:Martial arts
6930:
6781:Chess boxing
6746:Boxing glove
6645:Rabbit punch
6625:Counterpunch
6562:Club fighter
6517:Weight class
6512:The distance
6417:
6377:
6356:
6317:
6310:
6300:
6292:
6277:
6262:
6249:
6242:
6224:
6209:
6197:
6191:
6176:
6161:
6154:
6139:
6124:
6117:
6093:
6078:
6059:
6056:Robert Anasi
6049:Bibliography
6034:. Retrieved
6030:
6020:
6008:. Retrieved
6004:
5995:
5983:. Retrieved
5978:
5969:
5957:. Retrieved
5953:
5944:
5901:
5897:
5887:
5875:. Retrieved
5870:
5861:
5849:. Retrieved
5845:the original
5840:
5831:
5822:
5818:
5812:
5797:
5788:
5779:
5759:
5747:. Retrieved
5743:the original
5733:
5698:
5694:
5684:
5651:
5647:
5640:
5632:the original
5627:
5618:
5609:
5600:
5588:. Retrieved
5585:Bloody Elbow
5584:
5574:
5562:. Retrieved
5558:
5548:
5528:
5521:
5488:
5485:Neurosurgery
5484:
5477:
5445:(2): 34–48.
5442:
5438:
5428:
5383:
5379:
5368:
5331:
5327:
5317:
5282:
5278:
5268:
5231:
5227:
5217:
5180:
5176:
5165:
5138:
5134:
5124:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5071:. Retrieved
5067:
5058:
5033:
5029:
5023:
4988:
4984:
4974:
4962:. Retrieved
4960:. 3 May 1998
4948:
4936:. Retrieved
4934:. Ama.com.au
4925:
4911:
4893:
4876:
4872:
4866:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4827:
4821:
4811:22 September
4809:. Retrieved
4805:the original
4790:
4780:
4768:. Retrieved
4764:the original
4754:
4742:. Retrieved
4732:
4720:. Retrieved
4716:the original
4700:
4693:
4681:. Retrieved
4676:
4666:
4658:Bloody Elbow
4657:
4647:
4633:
4625:
4620:
4612:
4607:
4595:. Retrieved
4590:
4581:
4569:. Retrieved
4564:
4555:
4547:
4542:
4534:
4529:
4524:, 1999, p.75
4521:
4516:
4508:
4503:
4495:
4490:
4482:
4477:
4469:
4464:
4456:
4447:
4437:22 September
4435:. Retrieved
4431:the original
4426:
4417:
4409:
4404:
4396:
4391:
4383:
4378:
4368:22 September
4366:. Retrieved
4362:the original
4352:
4340:. Retrieved
4336:the original
4326:
4307:
4295:. Retrieved
4291:the original
4287:, About.com"
4284:
4277:
4268:
4258:
4246:. Retrieved
4242:the original
4237:
4228:
4216:. Retrieved
4212:the original
4207:
4198:
4192:. June 2016.
4190:The Guardian
4189:
4180:
4166:
4156:22 September
4154:. Retrieved
4150:the original
4145:
4135:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4096:. Retrieved
4086:
4074:. Retrieved
4070:
4057:
4045:. Retrieved
4035:
4023:. Retrieved
4012:
4002:22 September
4000:. Retrieved
3996:
3986:
3974:. Retrieved
3970:
3950:
3942:
3923:
3917:
3908:
3902:
3893:
3888:
3876:. Retrieved
3866:
3854:. Retrieved
3850:the original
3846:"blow-1.jpg"
3840:
3831:
3822:
3807:
3801:
3789:. Retrieved
3779:
3767:. Retrieved
3744:
3732:. Retrieved
3724:"James Figg"
3718:
3706:. Retrieved
3702:
3693:
3681:. Retrieved
3674:the original
3669:
3665:
3652:
3619:
3615:
3605:
3597:
3592:
3580:. Retrieved
3576:
3566:
3557:
3549:
3535:
3526:
3516:
3513:Virata Parva
3512:
3507:
3501:
3481:
3474:
3462:. Retrieved
3458:
3448:
3437:
3426:
3415:
3403:. Retrieved
3399:
3325:
3314:
3300:. Retrieved
3295:
3280:. Retrieved
3264:. Retrieved
3262:. Evolve MMA
3248:. Retrieved
3235:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3196:
3185:
3177:
3166:
3157:
3016:
2968:Intermediate
2860:
2856:Ken Buchanan
2800:Jose Napoles
2792:Muhammad Ali
2788:Archie Moore
2776:Jack Dempsey
2761:
2746:
2726:
2711:
2702:
2691:Please help
2686:verification
2683:
2659:
2647:
2644:
2635:
2624:
2615:
2605:
2597:brain damage
2590:
2567:
2558:
2530:
2499:
2489:
2473:
2446:welterweight
2437:circular arc
2428:
2409:
2371:
2365:
2350:
2339:
2334:Sway or fade
2333:
2322:
2315:Pulling away
2314:
2298:
2282:
2265:
2248:
2232:
2216:
2203:
2194:
2190:rabbit punch
2187:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2156:
2148:
2143:) throws an
2140:
2119:
2107:
2095:
2088:body puncher
2066:
2050:
2033:
2017:
1988:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1939:
1925:
1911:Jack Johnson
1907:
1884:
1876:
1864:
1856:
1841:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1794:
1785:
1770:Please help
1758:
1719:
1715:
1701:
1698:Ricky Hatton
1654:Shawn Porter
1643:
1630:
1614:
1594:
1586:Rocky Balboa
1574:Jake LaMotta
1554:Brandon Ríos
1546:Arturo Gatti
1530:Sonny Liston
1526:Riddick Bowe
1522:Jack Dempsey
1507:
1503:Danny García
1499:
1479:
1439:Jerry Quarry
1427:Jack Johnson
1404:
1397:
1376:Naseem Hamed
1368:Terry Norris
1364:Érik Morales
1340:Sam Langford
1332:Miguel Cotto
1328:Archie Moore
1316:Lennox Lewis
1305:
1301:
1292:Apollo Creed
1228:Joe Calzaghe
1224:Larry Holmes
1220:Muhammad Ali
1217:
1213:
1208:Muhammad Ali
1189:
1171:
1155:Jack Dempsey
1151:
1113:
1102:
1093:Nicola Adams
1056:
1053:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
989:
981:
977:
973:
966:
964:
949:
936:Attila Levin
914:
911:
896:
885:
883:
867:
853:
824:heavyweights
816:lightweights
801:
788:
784:
776:
772:
745:
740:
729:
707:
703:
697:
690:
682:Roman Empire
679:
673:
650:Ancient Rome
647:
625:
623:
621:in Myanmar.
615:Pradal Serey
599:musti-yuddha
598:
594:
581:, the ruler
574:
564:
554:
544:
543:such as the
536:musti-yuddha
534:
528:
492:
477:
435:
372:
354:
346:Olympic game
338:
307:
299:martial arts
267:knee strikes
251:
223:combat sport
218:
217:
200:Modern rules
140:
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
8226:Asian Games
8111:World Games
8073:Greco-Roman
7893:Battlefield
7853:Chun Kuk Do
7796:Suffrajitsu
7606:Tang Soo Do
7481:Greco-Roman
7234:Knee strike
7151:Philippines
6801:Tent boxing
6756:Boxing ring
6710:Rope-a-dope
6110:. BBC News.
5877:24 November
5851:24 November
5806:. BBC News.
5590:18 February
5564:18 February
5234:(5–8): 68.
5073:18 February
4248:21 December
4218:21 December
4098:2 September
3907:"Lincoln".
3878:5 September
3740:excerpting
3683:11 November
3518:Mahabharata
2890:WBA (Super)
2742:Gene Tunney
2543:Ring corner
2450:Kid Gavilán
2442:Ali shuffle
2418:rope-a-dope
2410:Rope-a-dope
2351:Parry/block
1954:Full crouch
1940:Semi-crouch
1887:boxing ring
1848:wrist wraps
1694:James Toney
1662:Joe Frazier
1650:Aaron Pryor
1538:Ray Mancini
1447:James Toney
1435:Laszlo Papp
1423:Jim Corbett
1244:Gene Tunney
1163:Kim Duk-koo
1159:early 1980s
1109:Asian Games
917:Tex Rickard
907:New Orleans
848:Kinetograph
779:Pierce Egan
723:(and later
687:ancient Rus
566:Mahabharata
526:–1400 BC).
524: 1500
358:is both an
330:Mesopotamia
245:– throwing
243:mouthguards
231:boxing ring
227:martial art
196:Prehistoric
194:, possibly
9351:Categories
9237:Volleyball
9145:Gymnastics
9103:Equestrian
9076:BMX racing
9037:Basketball
9015:Water polo
8268:2018 Only
8129:Kickboxing
7883:Qwan Ki Do
7811:To-Shin Do
7741:combatives
7711:Pankration
7696:Kickboxing
7667:Xingyiquan
7655:Baguazhang
7621:Wudangquan
7551:Kickboxing
7446:Shuai jiao
7256:Joint lock
7173:techniques
6821:Slapboxing
6705:Peek-a-boo
6700:Check hook
6665:Styles and
6650:Liver shot
6635:Bolo punch
6567:Long count
6547:Tomato can
6542:Journeyman
6537:Gatekeeper
6459:Kickboxing
6081:. Hamlyn.
5141:(4): 195.
4898:BMA.org.uk
4427:Boxing.com
4342:4 December
3971:Britannica
3856:16 January
3791:16 January
3708:30 January
3582:21 October
3511:, Book 4:
3464:30 January
3227:References
3186:"Pugilism"
2766:opened in
2757:Steve Lott
2705:March 2021
2593:concussion
2581:See also:
2535:check hook
2531:Check hook
2475:Bolo punch
2433:bolo punch
2429:Bolo punch
2183:bolo punch
1859:mouthguard
1704:character
1686:Harry Greb
1666:Mike Tyson
1634:Mike Tyson
1582:John Duddy
1550:Micky Ward
1475:Little Mac
1419:Chris Byrd
1252:Willie Pep
887:R v. Coney
765:(left) vs
712:James Figg
605:including
583:Rudradaman
539:come from
449:aggression
398:See also:
279:kickboxing
239:hand wraps
157:Royal Navy
119:April 2022
89:newspapers
9329:See also:
9254:Wrestling
9232:Triathlon
9222:Taekwondo
9032:Badminton
9027:Athletics
8384:Wrestling
8379:Taekwondo
8329:Wrestling
8324:Taekwondo
8259:Wrestling
8254:Taekwondo
8214:Wrestling
8209:Taekwondo
8152:Taekwondo
8134:Muay Thai
8069:freestyle
8065:Wrestling
8060:Taekwondo
7936:Krav Maga
7848:Angampora
7816:Wing Chun
7774:Krav Maga
7764:Kajukenbo
7726:Vale Tudo
7601:Taekwondo
7566:Muay Thai
7556:Kun Khmer
7486:Mongolian
7476:freestyle
7456:Wrestling
7415:Para judo
7393:Grappling
7246:Grappling
7184:Chokehold
7114:Indonesia
6685:Head fake
6667:technique
6243:On Boxing
6005:ibhof.com
5954:ibhof.com
5936:231970408
5920:1746-1391
5668:0002-9262
5451:1941-5893
5402:0022-3069
4997:1062-6050
4800:2086/4437
4597:6 October
4571:6 October
3764:819715339
3636:0002-9475
3532:John Keay
3188:(p. 637)
3169:(p. 350)
2425:smoothly.
2396:Clinching
2392:uppercuts
2384:grappling
2376:Clinching
2284:Clinching
1893:Technique
1868:jump rope
1838:Equipment
1788:June 2024
1759:does not
1738:Schmeling
1690:David Tua
1542:David Tua
1352:Tony Zale
1320:Joe Louis
1099:of India.
767:Tom Cribb
627:pygmachia
613:in Laos,
607:Muay Thai
575:niyuddham
573:. Duels (
457:wrestling
318:Egyptians
283:Muay Thai
271:headbutts
9311:Lacrosse
9291:Softball
9287:Baseball
9282:Breaking
9197:Shooting
9167:Handball
9135:Football
9113:Eventing
9108:Dressage
9054:Canoeing
9010:Swimming
8995:Artistic
8990:Aquatics
8590:The Ring
8369:Muaythai
8119:Ju-jitsu
7992:Tricking
7976:Chanbara
7878:Unifight
7831:Eclectic
7806:Taekkyon
7754:Bartitsu
7636:Internal
7526:Capoeira
7508:Striking
7436:Pehlwani
7383:Sparring
7345:Training
7333:Shooting
7278:Stand-up
7266:Takedown
7219:Footwork
7209:Headbutt
7171:Unarmed
7056:Timeline
6776:Compubox
6715:Footwork
6690:Slipping
6620:Overhand
6615:Uppercut
6572:Outpoint
6552:Knockout
6353:"Boxing"
6261:(2007).
6200:(1), 47.
6077:(1988).
6058:(2003).
5928:33607924
5871:ESPN.com
5768:Archived
5725:17503873
5513:45425906
5505:16331164
5469:27829969
5420:19535999
5360:31551732
5309:25010992
5260:25580160
5209:29360998
5157:28257129
5116:25867769
5050:19084773
5015:17273475
4958:BBC News
4932:"CMA.ca"
4901:Archived
4683:12 March
4316:Archived
4127:27548887
3812:Archived
3787:. Tumblr
3769:22 March
3734:22 March
3534:(2000).
3296:BBC News
3217:pugilism
3167:"Boxing"
3075:See also
3049:The Ring
3029:Archived
2920:(BBBofC)
2642:damage.
2612:Toughman
2504:overhand
2500:Overhand
2380:trapping
2366:Cover-up
2359:blocking
2355:Parrying
2327:Slipping
2300:Footwork
2267:Cover-Up
2250:Blocking
2218:Slipping
2157:Uppercut
2145:uppercut
2068:Uppercut
2003:uppercut
1534:Max Baer
1141:sending
1097:Mary Kom
992:knockout
944:Helsinki
632:Olympiad
611:Muay Lao
556:Ramayana
546:Rig Veda
480:Ethiopia
418:Akrotiri
320:invaded
314:Ethiopia
255:striking
181:striking
177:Punching
78:"Boxing"
9296:Cricket
9212:Surfing
9192:Sailing
9125:Fencing
9071:Cycling
9022:Archery
8420:Outline
8354:Fencing
8309:Fencing
8244:Jujutsu
8194:Fencing
8045:Fencing
7921:Jujutsu
7906:Bokator
7901:Banshay
7835:hybrids
7801:Systema
7759:Hapkido
7661:Tai chi
7616:Vovinam
7561:Lethwei
7466:Cornish
7421:Jujutsu
7378:Randori
7328:Archery
7288:Weapons
7161:Vietnam
7134:Okinawa
7124:Ireland
7119:Italian
7061:Records
7051:History
6933:history
6734:Related
6680:Bobbing
6587:Punches
6361:Online.
6346:of the
6036:23 June
5985:23 June
5716:2465459
5676:8172169
5460:5094259
5411:2945234
5351:6746992
5334:: 294.
5300:4238241
5251:4288217
5200:5837414
5006:1748409
4964:23 June
4722:20 July
4076:6 April
4047:25 June
3302:5 April
3122:Milling
3063:ratings
3053:ratings
3043:ratings
3026:ratings
2994:Amateur
2989:(IBFed)
2888:Former
2651:Albania
2440:is the
2399:boxing.
2344:Bobbing
2234:Bobbing
2200:Defense
1985:Punches
1780:removed
1765:sources
1143:Dempsey
689:called
619:Lethwei
467:in the
465:writing
445:punches
437:Hitting
389:History
375:resigns
368:referee
360:Olympic
287:Lethwei
247:punches
103:scholar
9357:Boxing
9316:Squash
9306:Karate
9227:Tennis
9182:Rowing
9049:Boxing
9000:Diving
8410:Portal
8364:Karate
8349:Boxing
8319:Karate
8304:Boxing
8272:Kurash
8249:Karate
8234:Boxing
8204:Karate
8189:Boxing
8162:Aikido
8124:Karate
8097:Savate
8055:Karate
8040:Boxing
7868:Shooto
7644:Aikido
7596:Savate
7546:Karate
7521:Boxing
7401:Barróg
7229:Flying
7204:Ground
7199:Clinch
7156:Russia
7104:Europe
6931:Boxing
6766:BoxRec
6532:Cutman
6418:Boxing
6324:
6284:
6269:
6231:
6216:
6183:
6168:
6146:
6140:Boxing
6131:
6100:
6085:
6066:
5934:
5926:
5918:
5749:18 May
5723:
5713:
5674:
5666:
5536:
5511:
5503:
5467:
5457:
5449:
5418:
5408:
5400:
5358:
5348:
5307:
5297:
5258:
5248:
5207:
5197:
5155:
5114:
5048:
5013:
5003:
4995:
4938:18 May
4744:18 May
4708:
4628:, 1950
4615:, 1950
4297:18 May
4125:
4025:18 May
3930:
3762:
3752:
3730:. 1999
3644:294973
3642:
3634:
3542:
3489:
3405:18 May
3282:4 June
3266:4 June
3250:4 June
3059:BoxRec
2981:Novice
2932:(NSAC)
2790:, and
2562:doctor
2551:Boxer
2502:: The
2372:Clinch
2362:glove.
1904:Stance
1870:, and
1740:, 1936
1706:Balrog
1175:cutmen
880:, 1963
857:gloves
719:, 2nd
676:, 1867
654:cestus
571:Virata
514:Minoan
488:Greece
414:Minoan
326:Greece
293:, and
291:savate
269:, and
241:, and
219:Boxing
144:Boxing
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
8910:women
8877:women
8618:women
8601:women
8571:women
8554:women
8537:women
8520:women
8481:women
8374:Sambo
8282:Sambo
8264:Wushu
8167:Wushu
8147:Sambo
8092:Glima
7997:Wuxia
7779:MCMAP
7749:Arnis
7581:Sanda
7541:Dambe
7516:Bando
7496:shoot
7461:catch
7441:Sambo
7271:Throw
7261:Sweep
7239:Stomp
7189:Punch
7141:Korea
7129:Japan
7109:India
7099:China
6993:2020s
6988:2010s
6983:2000s
6978:1990s
6973:1980s
6968:1970s
6963:1960s
6958:1950s
6953:1940s
6948:1930s
6943:1920s
6609:Swing
6600:Cross
6504:Terms
6468:Rules
6010:8 May
5959:8 May
5932:S2CID
5509:S2CID
5177:Brain
4770:6 May
4146:DNews
4123:JSTOR
3976:8 May
3728:IBHOF
3677:(PDF)
3662:(PDF)
3640:JSTOR
3577:Prepp
3149:Notes
2976:(IBO)
2963:(WBO)
2957:(IBF)
2951:(WBC)
2945:(WBA)
2926:(EBU)
2149:right
2108:Cross
2035:Cross
1995:cross
1734:Louis
1617:hooks
1139:Firpo
955:Rules
878:Wales
517:Crete
499:Sumer
495:Egypt
484:Nubia
441:kicks
322:Nubia
295:sanda
259:kicks
221:is a
173:Focus
110:JSTOR
96:books
9334:and
9172:Judo
9140:Golf
8844:list
8832:list
8820:list
8808:list
8796:list
8784:list
8642:TBRB
8637:WBAN
8630:list
8359:Judo
8314:Judo
8239:Judo
8199:Judo
8139:Sumo
8082:Budō
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