Brazilian Portuguese

823: 5371: 870: 9020: 9116:"There are two languages in Brazil. The one we write (and which is called "Portuguese"), and another one that we speak (which is so despised that there is not a name to call it). The latter is the mother tongue of Brazilians, the former has to be learned in school, and a majority of population does not manage to master it appropriately.... Personally, I do not object to us writing Portuguese, but I think it is important to make clear that Portuguese is (at least in Brazil) only a written language. Our mother tongue is not Portuguese, but Brazilian Vernacular. This is not a slogan, nor a political statement, it is simply recognition of a fact.... There are linguistic teams working hard in order to give the full description of the structure of the Vernacular. So, there are hopes, that within some years, we will have appropriate grammars of our mother tongue, the language that has been ignored, denied and despised for such a long time." 9124:"The relationship between Vernacular Brazilian Portuguese and the formal prescriptive variety fulfills the basic conditions of Ferguson's definition ... Considering the difficulty encountered by vernacular speakers to acquire the standard, an understanding of those relationships appears to have broad educational significance. The teaching of Portuguese has traditionally meant imparting a prescriptive formal standard based on a literary register (Cunha 1985: 24) that is often at variance with the language with which students are familiar. As in a diglossic situation, vernacular speakers must learn to read and write in a dialect they neither speak nor fully understand, a circumstance that may have a bearing on the high dropout rate in elementary schools..." 784:(CPLP), which included representatives from all countries with Portuguese as the official language, reached an agreement on the reform of the Portuguese orthography to unify the two standards then in use by Brazil on one side and the remaining Portuguese-speaking countries on the other. This spelling reform went into effect in Brazil on 1 January 2009. In Portugal, the reform was signed into law by the President on 21 July 2008 allowing for a six-year adaptation period, during which both orthographies co-existed. All of the CPLP countries have signed the reform. In Brazil, this reform has been in force since January 2016. Portugal and other Portuguese-speaking countries have since begun using the new orthography. 4877: 4865: 843: 6967: 5359: 5343: 800: 4191:

national standard variety, and never to the European one. This linguistic independence was fostered by the tension between Portugal and the settlers (immigrants) in Brazil from the time of the country's de facto settlement, as immigrants were forbidden to speak freely in their native languages in Brazil for fear of severe punishment by the Portuguese authorities. Lately, Brazilians in general have had some exposure to European speech, through TV and music. Often one will see Brazilian actors working in Portugal and Portuguese actors working in Brazil.

9932::122): "A proposta é que a sequencia consoante velar + glide posterior seja indicada no léxico como uma unidade monofonemática /kʷ/ e /ɡʷ/. O glide que, nete caso, situa-se no ataque não-ramificado, forma com a vogal seguinte um ditongo crescente em nível pós lexical. Ditongos crescentes somente se formam neste nível. Em resumo, a consoante velar e o glide posterior, quando seguidos de a/o, formam uma só unidade fonológica, ou seja, um segmento consonantal com articulação secundária vocálica, em outros termos, um segmento complexo." 4884:, the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate jointly hold the "2017 Meeting of Management, Finance and Human Resources Staff" of the Association of Secretaries-General of Portuguese-speaking Parliaments with the aim of sharing experiences and work models related to organizational and administrative management in parliaments, human resources management, planning and financial management in the legislature, among other matters relevant to the topic. The event has the presence of representatives from all Portuguese-speaking countries. 463: 855: 9440: 9012: 8281: 5130:(as in EP), in which case the enclisis could be totally acceptable if there were no factor of proclisis. Therefore, this phenomenon may or not be considered improper according to the prescribed grammar, since, according to the case, there could be a factor of proclisis that would not permit the placement of the pronoun between the verbs (e.g. when there is a negative particle near the pronoun, in which case the standard grammar prescribes proclisis: 9373: 745: 307: 343: 319: 429: 331: 773:. In these latter countries, the language tends to have a closer connection to contemporary European Portuguese, partly because Portuguese colonial rule ended much more recently there than in Brazil, and partly due to the heavy indigenous and diasporic African influence on Brazilian Portuguese. Despite this difference between the spoken varieties, Brazilian and European Portuguese barely differ in formal writing and remain 9359: 665: 4919:("With this girl I don't know what to do"). The use of redundant pronouns for means of topicalization is considered grammatically incorrect, because the topicalized noun phrase, according to traditional European analysis, has no syntactic function. This kind of construction, however, is often used in European Portuguese. Brazilian grammars traditionally treat this structure similarly, rarely mentioning such a thing as 272: 295: 8658: 8483: 4187:, which awakened in many Brazilians a desire for a national style uninfluenced by the standards of Portugal. Later, agreements were reached to preserve at least an orthographic unity throughout the Portuguese-speaking world, including the African and Asian variants of the language (which are typically more similar to EP, due to a Portuguese presence lasting into the second half of the 20th century). 4530:

Mozambique and Cabo Verde, which frequently incorporate certain features common to both the South American and European varieties. Although these characteristics would be readily understood in Portugal due to exposure to Brazilian media (and because they are observable in Portugal to some extent as well), other forms are preferred there (except the points concerning "estar" and "dar").

9129:

that grammarians would be detractors of the termed Brazilian Vernacular, by naming it a "corrupt" form of the "pure" standard, an attitude which they classify as "linguistic prejudice". Their arguments include the postulate that the Vernacular form simplifies some of the intricacies of standard Portuguese (verbal conjugation, pronoun handling, plural forms, etc.).

4906:-prominent or topic- and subject-prominent language. Sentences with topic are extensively used in Portuguese, perhaps more in Brazilian Portuguese most often by means of turning an element (object or verb) in the sentence into an introductory phrase, on which the body of the sentence constitutes a comment (topicalization), thus emphasizing it, as in 4162:" of a "radical Romanic" form. They assert that the phenomena found in Brazilian Portuguese are inherited from Classical Latin and Old Portuguese. According to another linguist, vernacular Brazilian Portuguese is continuous with European Portuguese, while its phonetics are more conservative in several aspects, characterizing the nativization of a 9096:), but, presently, the L-variant is claimed to be used only in dialogue. Still, many contemporary writers like using the H-variant even in informal dialogue. This is also true of translated books, which never use the L-variant, only the H one. Children's books seem to be more L-friendly, but, again, if they are translated from another language ( 9060:, a Brazilian linguist, even compares the depth of the differences between L- and H- variants of Brazilian Portuguese with those between Standard Spanish and European Portuguese. However, his proposal is not widely accepted by either grammarians or academics. Milton M. Azevedo wrote a chapter on diglossia in his monograph: 748: 747: 752: 751: 746: 4613:(Brazilian uses the pronoun "você" a lot but "tu" is more localized. Some states never use it, but in some places such as Rio Grande do Sul, Ceará and Paraíba "você" is almost never used in informal speech, with "tu" being used instead, using both second and third-person forms depending on the speaker) 9076:

The L-variant may be used in songs, movies, soap operas, sitcoms and other television shows, although, at times, the H-variant is used in historic films or soap operas to make the language used sound more 'elegant' or 'archaic'. The H-variant used to be preferred when dubbing foreign films and series

9173:

No language is difficult for those who speak it. Difficulty appears when two conditions are met: the standard language diverges from the vernacular and a speaker of the vernacular tries to learn the standard version. This divergence is the precise reason why spelling and grammar reforms happen every

8296:

throughout the national territory, even so it is perfectly possible for a Brazilian to understand a different dialect from the other end of the country, because writing is the same, and often the pronunciation is the same, just changing the sound of some letter or group of letters, like what happens

6045:

of Brazilian Portuguese is very different from that of French, for example. In French, the nasalization extends uniformly through the entire vowel, whereas in the Southern-Southeastern dialects of Brazilian Portuguese, the nasalization begins almost imperceptibly and then becomes stronger toward the

4190:

On the other hand, the spoken language was not subject to any of the constraints that applied to the written language, and consequently Brazilian Portuguese sounds different from any of the other varieties of the language. Brazilians, when concerned with pronunciation, look to what is considered the

9169:

Brazilians speak Standard Portuguese poorly because they speak a language that is sufficiently different from Standard Portuguese so that the latter sounds almost "foreign" to them. In terms of comparison, it is easier for many Brazilians to understand someone from a Spanish-speaking South American

7429:

Perhaps as a means of avoiding or clarifying some ambiguities created by the fact that "este" ( > ) and "esse" have merged into the same word, informal BP often uses the demonstrative pronoun with some adverb that indicates its placement in relation to the addressee: if there are two skirts in a

4854:

Use of a contraction of the imperative form of the verb "to look" ("olhar" = olha = ó) suffixed to adverbs of the place "aqui" and "ali" ("here" and "there") when directing someone's attention to something: "Olha, o carro dele 'ta ali-ó" (Look, his car's there/that's where his car is). When this is

4194:

Modern Brazilian Portuguese has been highly influenced by other languages introduced by immigrants through the past century, specifically by German, Italian and Japanese immigrants. This high intake of immigrants not only caused the incorporation and/or adaptation of many words and expressions from

9917:

A conclusão será que nos encontramos em presença de dois segmentos fonológicos /kʷ/ e /ɡʷ/, respetivamente, com uma articulação vocálica. Bisol (2005:122), tal como Freitas (1997), afirma que não estamos em presença de um ataque ramificado. Neste caso, a glide, juntamente com a vogal que a sucede,

9128:

According to Bagno (1999), the two variants coexist and intermingle quite seamlessly, but their status is not clear-cut. Brazilian Vernacular is still frowned upon by most grammarians and language teachers. Some of this minority, of which Bagno is an example, appeal to their readers by their ideas

9072:

From this point of view, the L-variant is the spoken form of Brazilian Portuguese, which should be avoided only in very formal speech (court interrogation, political debate) while the H-variant is the written form of Brazilian Portuguese, avoided only in informal writing (such as song lyrics, love

753: 8187:

However, in Portugal, an object pronoun would never be placed at the start of a sentence, as in the second example. The example in the bottom row of the table, with its deletion of "redundant" inflections, is considered ungrammatical, but it is nonetheless dominant in Brazil throughout all social

4910:

literally, "These subjects I don't know well" (although this sentence would be perfectly acceptable in Portugal as well). In fact, in the Portuguese language, the anticipation of the verb or object at the beginning of the sentence, repeating it or using the respective pronoun referring to it, is

4520:

Accordingly, the formal register of Brazilian Portuguese has a written and spoken form. The written formal register (FW) is used in almost all printed media and written communication, is uniform throughout the country and is the "Portuguese" officially taught at school. The spoken formal register

4134:

Other scholars, however, notably Naro & Scherre, have noted that the same or similar processes can be observed in the European variant, as well as in many varieties of Spanish, and that the main features of Brazilian Portuguese can be traced directly from 16th-century European Portuguese. In

4529:

The main and most general (i.e. not considering various regional variations) characteristics of the informal variant of BP are the following. While these characteristics are typical of Brazilian speech, some may also be present to varying degrees in other Lusophone areas, particular in Angola,

5067:

In general, the dialects that gave rise to Portuguese had quite a flexible use of the object pronouns in the proclitic or enclitic positions. In Classical Portuguese, the use of proclisis was very extensive, while, on the contrary, in modern European Portuguese the use of enclisis has become

1011:

Nowadays the overwhelming majority of Brazilians speak Portuguese as their mother tongue, with the exception of small, insular communities of descendants of European (German, Polish, Ukrainian, and Italian) and Japanese immigrants, mostly in the South and Southeast as well as villages and

4521:(FS) is essentially a phonetic rendering of the written form. (FS) is used in very formal situations, such as speeches or ceremonies or when reading directly out of a text. While (FS) is necessarily uniform in lexicon and grammar, it shows noticeable regional variations in pronunciation. 9177:

People with less education can speak the vernacular or often several varieties of the vernacular, and they speak it well. They might, however, have trouble in speaking Standard Portuguese, but this is due to lack of experience rather than to any inherent deficiency in their linguistic

6025:

of vowels before ⟨m⟩ and ⟨n⟩. In all dialects and all syllables, orthographic ⟨m⟩ or ⟨n⟩ followed by another consonant represents nasalization of the preceding vowel. But when the ⟨m⟩ or ⟨n⟩ is syllable-initial (i.e. followed by a vowel), it represents nasalization only of a preceding

9165:

The uniformity of Brazilian Portuguese is just about what linguistics would predict for such a large country whose population has not, generally, been literate for centuries and which has experienced considerable foreign influence, that is, this uniformity is more apparent than

1069:

words related to foods, religious concepts, and musical expressions; and English terms from the fields of modern technology and commerce. Although some of these words are more predominant in Brazil, they are also used in Portugal and other countries where Portuguese is spoken.

6743:

are often realized similarly to and . Sometimes, the phenomenon occurs even more intensely in unstressed posttonic vowels (except the final ones) and causes the reduction of the word and the creation of new consonant clusters ("prática" ; "máquina" ; "abóbora" ; "cócega" ).

4469:

followed by a vowel, but in BP they are always closed in this environment. The variant spellings are necessary in those cases because the general Portuguese spelling rules mandate a stress diacritic in those words, and the Portuguese diacritics also encode vowel quality.

750: 5948:

Vowels in Brazilian Portuguese generally are pronounced more openly than in European Portuguese, even when reduced. In syllables that follow the stressed syllable, ⟨o⟩ is generally pronounced as , ⟨a⟩ as , and ⟨e⟩ as . Some varieties of BP follow this pattern for vowels

9196:

Whether Bagno's points are valid or not is open to debate, especially the solutions he recommends for the problems he claims to have identified. Whereas some agree that he has captured the feelings of the Brazilians towards Brazil's linguistic situation well, his book

4834:

though often regarded as "uneducated" by language purists, some regions and social groups tend to avoid "redundant" plural agreement in article-noun-verb sequences in the spoken language, since the plural article alone is sufficient to express plurality. Examples:

1057:

spoken by the slaves, and finally those of later European and Asian immigrants. Although the vocabulary is still predominantly Portuguese, the influence of other languages is evident in the Brazilian lexicon, which today includes, for example, hundreds of words of

7377:

forms of the verb. However, as for the second person forms, Brazilian Portuguese traditionally does not use the subjunctive-derived ones in spoken language. Instead, they employ the imperative forms: "Não anda," rather than the grammatically correct "Não andes."

9073:

letters, intimate friends correspondence). Even teachers which teach Portuguese as a subject frequently use the L-variant while explaining students the structure and usage of the H-variant; in essays, nevertheless, all students are expected to use H-variant.

8060:

Formal written Brazilian Portuguese tends, however, to omit the definite article in accordance with prescriptive grammar rules derived from Classical Portuguese even if the alternative form is also considered correct, but many teachers consider it inelegant.

7925:

In spoken informal registers of BP, the third-person object pronouns 'o', 'a', 'os', and 'as' are virtually nonexistent and are simply left out or, when necessary and usually only when referring to people, replaced by stressed subject pronouns like

7514:(I told you that you should go). In addition, in all the country, the imperative forms may also be the same as the formal second-person forms, but it is argued by some that it is the third-person singular indicative which doubles as the imperative: 8416:— is a dialect spoken more sharply in the states of Ceará and Piauí. The variant of Ceará includes fairly distinctive traits it shares with the one spoken in Piauí, though, such as distinctive regional phonology and vocabulary (for example, a 4362:

in Brazil, and so on, where the consonant was silent both in BP and EP, but the words were spelled differently. Only in a small number of words is the consonant silent in Brazil and pronounced elsewhere or vice versa, as in the case of BP

9191:

Rich and influential people themselves often do not follow the grammatical rules of Standard Portuguese. Standard Portuguese is mostly a jewel or shibboleth for powerless middle-class careers (journalists, teachers, writers, actors,

4371:. However, the new Portuguese language orthographic reform led to the elimination of the writing of the silent consonants also in the EP, making now the writing system virtually identical in all of the Portuguese-speaking countries. 9108:

This theory also posits that the matter of diglossia in Brazil is further complicated by forces of political and cultural bias, though those are not clearly named. Language is sometimes a tool of social exclusion or social choice.

8603:, which lasted for two years (1707 to 1709). Central Minas Gerais, then, developed an autochthonous and endemic accent, spoken nowadays by half of its population. Southern and western areas of the state have a distinctive accent, 7711:, the use of "tu" in print and conversation is no longer very common and is replaced by "você". However, São Paulo is now home to many immigrants of Northeastern origin, who may employ "tu" quite often in their everyday speech. 5099:, though it will seldom be spoken in BP (but would be clearly understood). The first-person singular proclitic pronoun frequently occurs at the beginning of a phrase in informal BP when it precedes an imperative, for example, 4298:

The Brazilian spellings of certain words differ from those used in Portugal and the other Portuguese-speaking countries. Some of these differences are merely orthographic, but others reflect true differences in pronunciation.

8396:, and that is why the dialect shows many general differences from other variants of the language. It has striking remarkable differences in comparison to other Brazilian dialects in phonology, prosody and grammar, often 1048:

The development of Portuguese in Brazil (and consequently in the rest of the areas where Portuguese is spoken) has been influenced by other languages with which it has come into contact, mainly in the lexicon: first the

1161:

extensively in the first centuries of colonization. Many of the Amerindian words entered the Portuguese lexicon as early as in the 16th century, and some of them were eventually borrowed into other European languages.

822: 1107:). The native languages also contributed the names of most of the plants and animals found in Brazil (and most of these are the official names of the animals in other Portuguese-speaking countries as well), including 737:, today consisting of about two million Brazilians who have emigrated to other countries. With a population of over 203 million, Brazil is by far the world's largest Portuguese-speaking nation and the only one in the 4211:. The differences extend to spelling, lexicon, and grammar. However, with the entry into force of the Orthographic Agreement of 1990 in Portugal and in Brazil since 2009, these differences were drastically reduced. 7264:

of the subject (who is ordered to do the action) by using either the imperative form of the verb or the present subjunctive. Thus, one should use different inflections according to the pronoun used as the subject:

7979:

is a third-person pronoun and uses 'dele', 'dela', 'deles', and 'delas' ("of him/her/them" and placed after the noun) as third-person possessive forms. If no ambiguity could arise (especially in narrative texts),

7002:. This cover book shows: "Term of Inauguration of the Presidents of the Republic of the United States of Brazil." When "United States" of Brazil was still used with the letter Z, and not Brasil with the letter S. 9035:. This theory claims that there is an L-variant (termed "Brazilian Vernacular"), which would be the mother tongue of all Brazilians, and an H-variant (standard Brazilian Portuguese) acquired through schooling. 9181:

The people of Maranhão are not generally better than fellow Brazilians from other states in speaking Standard Portuguese, especially because that state is one of the poorest and has one of the lowest literacy

7299:

Currently, several dialects of BP have largely lost the second-person pronouns, but even they use the second-person imperative in addition to the third-person present subjunctive form that should be used with

4182:

and until the 19th century, Portuguese writers often were regarded as models by some Brazilian authors and university professors. However, this aspiration to unity was severely weakened in the 20th century by

6982:, continuing the timeline that has been traced since February 26, 1891. Access to the two volumes is restricted in order to protect the heritage. The documents are kept in the Senate Archives, in a room with 1412:

Portuguese has borrowed a large number of words from English. In Brazil, these are especially related to the following fields (note that some of these words are used in other Portuguese-speaking countries):

8547:. There are many distinct accents in Rio Grande do Sul, mainly due to the heavy influx of European immigrants of diverse origins who have settled in colonies throughout the state, and to the proximity to 7381:

As for other grammatical persons, there is no such phenomenon because both the positive imperative and the negative imperative forms are from their respective present tense forms in the subjunctive mood:

5234:

There are many differences between formal written BP and EP that are simply a matter of different preferences between two alternative words or constructions that are both officially valid and acceptable.

4974:) places a plural-conjugated verb immediately following an argument in the singular, which may sound unnatural to Brazilian ears. The redundant pronoun thus clarifies the verbal inflection in such cases. 749: 12147: 9077:

into Brazilian Portuguese, but nowadays the L-variant is preferred, although this seems to lack evidence. Movie subtitles normally use a mixture of L- and H-variants, but remain closer to the H-variant.

4505:

The linguistic situation of the BP informal speech in relation to the standard language is controversial. There are authors (Bortoni, Kato, Mattos e Silva, Bagno, Perini) who describe it as a case of

914:

between the 16th and 19th centuries. By the end of the 18th century, Portuguese had affirmed itself as the national language. Some of the main contributions to that swift change were the expansion of

4959:("This girl, she usually takes care of abandoned dogs"). This structure highlights the topic, and could be more accurately translated as "As for this girl, she usually takes care of abandoned dogs." 10218:

To know a language is really about separating correct from awry? Language is a living organism that varies by context and goes far beyond a collection of rules and norms of how to speak and write

11268: 9473: 929:'s government made efforts to expand the use of Portuguese throughout the colony, particularly because its consolidation in Brazil would help guarantee to Portugal the lands in dispute with 4127:, is thought to be an Italianism, attributed to the large Italian immigrant population, as are certain prosodic features, including patterns of intonation and stress, also in the South and 10519: 777:. However, due to the two reasons mentioned above, the gap between the written, formal language and the spoken language is much wider in Brazilian Portuguese than in European Portuguese. 10686: 8069:

Some of the examples on the right side of the table below are colloquial or regional in Brazil. Literal translations are provided to illustrate how word order changes between varieties.

12154: 5995:(to shake one's body) may be pronounced and . Open-mid vowels can occur only in the stressed syllable. An exception is in the formation of diminutives or augmentatives. For example, 12133: 10246: 5210:

of pronouns (between the verb stem and its inflection suffix) is viewed as archaic in BP, and therefore is restricted to very formal situations or stylistic texts. Hence the phrase

10213:

Saber uma língua é separar o certo do errado? A língua é um organismo vivo que varia conforme o contexto e vai muito além de uma coleção de regras e normas de como falar e escrever

9209:

The cultural influence of Brazilian Portuguese in the rest of the Portuguese-speaking world has greatly increased in the last decades of the 20th century, due to the popularity of

6877:(depending on the voicing of the following sound), while most dialects of BP maintain them as dentals. Whether such a change happens in BP is highly variable according to dialect. 1016:. And even these populations make use of Portuguese to communicate with outsiders and to understand television and radio broadcasts, for example. Moreover, there is a community of 12140: 8726:

area fleeing the droughts and their associated poverty settled here, so it has some similarities with the Portuguese dialect there spoken. The speech in and around the cities of

968:

during the 17th century, had negligible effects on Portuguese. The substantial waves of non-Portuguese-speaking immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (mostly from

6932:

to fricatives , , and , while in BP these phonemes are maintained as stops in all positions. A vowel change in European Portuguese that does not occur in BP is the lowering of

9424: 9170:

country than someone from Portugal because the spoken varieties of Portuguese on either side of the Atlantic have diverged to the point of nearly being mutually unintelligible.

12166: 9031:

According to some contemporary Brazilian linguists (Bortoni, Kato, Mattos e Silva, Perini, and most recently, with great impact, Bagno), Brazilian Portuguese may be a highly

11963: 6795:

no longer appear in syllable-final position (having been replaced by nasalization of the preceding vowel), these varieties of BP have come to strongly favor open syllables.

5083:("he saw me"). In many such cases, the proclisis would be considered awkward or even grammatically incorrect in EP, in which the pronoun is generally placed after the verb ( 4992:, which, in contrast, has become quite common in European over the last few centuries. BP maintains the Classical Portuguese form of continuous expression, which is made by 5370: 3516:. A significant number of beer brands in Brazil are named after German culture-bound concepts and place names because the brewing process was brought by German immigrants. 869: 8007:, for instance). The variants of use in each dialect of Portuguese are mostly a matter of preference: it does not usually mean a dialect completely abandoned either form. 13321: 5377:

committee room during a meeting of the Education, Culture and Sport Committee in 2014. The committee holds a public hearing to discuss the Orthographic Agreement for the

890:. The first wave of Portuguese-speaking immigrants settled in Brazil in the 16th century, but the language was not widely used then. For a time Portuguese coexisted with 9038:

L-variant represents a simplified form of the language (in terms of grammar, but not of phonetics) that could have evolved from 16th-century Portuguese, influenced by

8511:-speaking areas due to the gradual influence of European migrants, causing many people to distance their speech from their original dialect and incorporate new terms. 8918:, which most closely resembles other Brazilian Portuguese standards but with marked recent Portuguese influences, the nearest ones among the country's dialects along 7032:

pronouns and, in Brazil, the use of subject pronouns as objects in the third person. Nonstandard verb inflections are also common in colloquial Brazilian Portuguese.

5945:

is one of the main phonetic characteristics of Portuguese generally, but in Brazilian Portuguese the intensity and frequency of that phenomenon varies significantly.

12174: 10883: 934: 6861:

in most BP dialects. It is always in Portuguese, but in some regions of Brazil, it represents a nasalized semivowel , which nasalizes the preceding vowel as well:

933:(according to various treaties signed in the 18th century, those lands would be ceded to the people who effectively occupied them). Under the administration of the 10660: 5362:

Members of the First Strategic Management Meeting of the Association of Secretaries-General of Portuguese-Speaking Parliaments participate in a dinner in 2016, in

8988:). It is the most recent dialect, which appeared by the settlement of families from various other Brazilian regions attracted by the cheap land offer in recently 13464: 10388: 10165: 6920:

Several sound changes that historically affected European Portuguese were not shared by BP. Consonant changes in European Portuguese include the weakening of

5975:

The main difference among the dialects of Brazilian Portuguese is the frequent presence or absence of open vowels in unstressed syllables. In dialects of the

13333: 13420: 9188:

The knowledge of grammar is intuitive for those who speak their native languages. Problems arise when they begin to study the grammar of a foreign language.

9019: 10544: 8926:

speakers will use the standard variant not influenced by it that is rather uniform around Brazil depending on context (emphasis or formality, for example).

5381:, signed in 1990 and implemented in January 2016. The new rules must apply for the eight countries that have Portuguese as an official language, including 4855:

spoken reproduced in subtitles for audiovisual media, it is usually written in the non-contracted form ("aqui olha"), modern pronunciation notwithstanding.

218: 213: 9565:

Bernard Comrie, Encarta Encyclopedia (1998); George Weber "Top Languages: The World's 10 Most Influential Languages" in Language Today (Vol. 2, Dec 1997)

13345: 13285: 11501: 992:) were linguistically integrated into the Portuguese-speaking majority within a few generations, except for some areas of the three southernmost states ( 6888:

In the Northeast, it is more likely to happen before a consonant than word-finally, and it varies from region to region. Some dialects (such as that of

733:

and the most influential form of Portuguese worldwide. It is spoken by almost all of the 203 million inhabitants of Brazil and spoken widely across the

13437: 9396: 9050:, while H-variant would be based on 19th-century European Portuguese (and very similar to Standard European Portuguese, with only minor differences in 5218:

in BP. Incidentally, a marked fondness for enclitic and mesoclitic pronouns was one of the many memorable eccentricities of former Brazilian President

11375: 11126: 13309: 13297: 10612: 10265: 918:

to the Brazilian interior, and the growing numbers of Portuguese settlers, who brought their language and became the most important ethnic group in

2423:

French has contributed to Portuguese words for foods, furniture, and luxurious fabrics, as well as for various abstract concepts. Examples include

8436:, a very coherent coda sibilant palatalization as those of Portugal and Rio de Janeiro but allowed in fewer environments than in other accents of 10690: 8631:, is the accent from Brazilian Portuguese that is the nearest to the artificial accent called Standard Brazilian Portuguese, in Portuguese named 1168:

provided hundreds of words as well, especially in certain semantic domains, as in the following examples, which are also present in Portuguese:

11232: 9918:

forma um ditongo no nível pós-lexical. Esta conclusão implica um aumento do número de segmentos no inventário segmental fonológico do português.

7614:(and associated object and possessive pronouns) are used interchangeably with little or no difference (sometimes even in the same sentence). In 7591:, the distinction between semi-formal 'você' and familiar 'tu' is still maintained, and object and possessive pronouns pattern likewise. In the 15444: 11407: 11154: 6994:

subject to strict parameters. Organized in two volumes by the Archive Coordination, these documents testify to the historical evolution of the

11218: 10569: 13164: 12291: 17: 11163: 10055: 9201:) has been heavily criticized by some linguists and grammarians, due to his unorthodox claims, sometimes asserted to be biased or unproven. 4218:

awarded annually by Portuguese and Brazilians is often regarded as the equivalent of the Nobel Prize in Literature for works in Portuguese.

11258:

Módolo, Marcelo (2001), "As duas línguas do Brasil: Qual é mesmo a língua que falamos?", in Pallamin, Vera; Furtado, Joaci Pereira (eds.),

4601:

lack of second-person verb forms (except for some parts of Brazil) and, in various regions, plural third-person forms as well. For example

595: 10250: 6597:

A change that is in the process of spreading in BP and perhaps started in the Northeast is the insertion of after stressed vowels before

13555: 11948: 10337:

Phonetic-Phonological Aspects of the Speech of Ceará: What Has Emerged in Experimental Surveys of the Linguistic Atlas of Brazil-ALiB-Ce.

6798:

A related aspect of BP is the suppression of the phrase-final rhotic, even in formal speech, except before a word-initial vowel. Compare

4334:

in syllable-final position have become silent in all varieties of Portuguese, a common phonetic change in Romance languages (cf. Spanish

1035: 695: 10130: 5138:). Nevertheless, nowadays it is becoming perfectly acceptable to use a clitic between two verbs without linking it with a hyphen (as in 10332:

Aspectos Fonético-Fonológicos do Falar do Ceará: O Que Tem Surgido nos Inquéritos Experimentais do Atlas Lingüístico do Brasil-ALiB-Ce.

9416: 8907: 8782:. Also, the "Paulistano" accent was heavily influenced by the presence of immigrants in the city of São Paulo, especially the Italians. 8018:, the definite article is normally used as in Portugal, but many speakers do not use it at the beginning of the sentence or in titles: 3505: 1039: 827: 781: 10362: 10296: 9549: 9080:

Most literary works are written in the H-variant. There would have been attempts at writing in the L-variant (such as the masterpiece

6830:

in the syllable onset. For the same reason, open vowels (which are not normally under nasalization in Portuguese) cannot occur before

6731:

However, in some regions of Brazil (such as some Northeastern dialects), there has been an opposite tendency to reduce the unstressed

6441: 10738: 9566: 4208: 9893: 6620:

Also, the change is spreading to other final vowels, and at least in the Northeast and the Southeast, the normal pronunciation of

11457: 10712: 9443: 8678:) of Pernambuco and southern Ceará, it could sound less comprehensible to speakers of other Portuguese dialects than Galician or 8173:

Word order in the first Brazilian Portuguese example is frequent in European Portuguese. Similar to the subordinate clauses like

5301:("have", sense of existence, or "there to be"), especially as an auxiliary (as it can be seen above) and as a verb of existence. 937:(1750–1777), Brazilians started to favour the use of Portuguese, as the Marquis expelled the Jesuit missionaries (who had taught 887: 11652: 11607: 11044:"Portuguese Pronouns and Other Forms of Address, from the Past into the Future— Structural, Semantic and Pragmatic Reflections" 6787:

The brand name "McDonald's," for example, is rendered , and the word "rock" (the music) is rendered as . Given that historical

6470: 651: 11279: 10211: 8936:

and its metropolitan area. It is not considered a dialect, but more of a regional variant – often deemed to be closer to

5953:

the stressed syllable as well, whereas most varieties have the following five vowels before a stressed syllable: , , , and .

4302:

Until the implementation of the 1990 orthographic reform, a major subset of the differences related to the consonant clusters

15482: 14006: 13492: 11973: 11009: 9597: 770: 13938: 11070: 10132:

Características fonético-acústicas do /r/ retroflexo do portugues brasileiro : dados de informantes de Pato Branco (PR)

11642: 11531: 10829: 10818: 10137:

Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese's retroflex /r/: data from respondents in Pato Branco, Paraná

9746: 8560: 13741: 13736: 10911: 9941: 8196:

Just as in the case of English, whose various dialects sometimes use different prepositions with the same verbs or nouns (

5166:

BP rarely uses the contracted combinations of direct and indirect object pronouns which are sometimes used in EP, such as

5110:

In complex verbal predicates, BP normally has the object pronoun intervening between the auxiliary verb and the main one (

4868:

1st Strategic Management Meeting of the Association of Secretaries-General of Portuguese-Speaking Parliaments of 2016, in

13680: 13568: 13229: 11750: 8746:

in its maximum definition and more easterly areas of São Paulo state, as well perhaps "educated speech" from anywhere in

6418: 13841: 13731: 7715:

is predominant in most of the Southeastern and Center Western regions; it is almost entirely prevalent in the states of

4586:

lack of third-person object pronouns, which may be replaced by their respective subject pronouns or omitted completely (

13956: 11178: 6477: 6018:

and can occur in unstressed syllables in a large number of words. Thus, the above examples would be pronounced and .

5963: 3318:. An evident example of the dichotomy between English and French influences can be noted in the use of the expressions 3290:). Brazilian Portuguese (BP) also tends to adopt culture-bound concepts from French. That is the difference between BP 1013: 7111:(compare English "He is a teacher, isn't he?"). The affirmative answer to such a question is a repetition of the verb 4624:("that/which"), either alone (the possession being implied) or along with a possessive pronoun or expression, such as 14795: 13157: 12284: 11365: 11188: 9524: 9498: 5347: 4293: 858: 10403: 10177: 4016:. Some words have popular usage while others are known for a specific context in specific circles. Terms used among 14855: 12396: 11834: 11592: 7028:

Spoken Brazilian Portuguese usage differs from Standard Portuguese usage. The differences include the placement of

6353: 1363: 13326: 10330: 8952: 7719:(apart from portions of the countryside, such as the region of São João da Ponte, where "tu" is also present) and 5091:. However, formal BP still follows EP in avoiding starting a sentence with a proclitic pronoun, so both will have 4786: 14143: 13748: 13548: 13255: 11526: 10492: 9185:

It is the written language that must reflect the spoken and not vice versa: it is not the tail that wags the dog.

7672:(but in the rest of the state speakers may or may not use it in more formal speech), mainly near the border with 6978:

since 1891. By signing the book, the president-elect assumes the commitment to govern the country and defend the

6339: 5488: 4955:

may even be used when the subject itself is the topic, only to add more emphasis to this fact, e.g. the sentence

688: 178: 8200:), BP usage sometimes requires prepositions that would not be normally used in Portuguese for the same context. 7006:

There are various differences between European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese, such as the dropping of the

6549:

by the stronger influence from European Portuguese (Northeast), and from Italian and Argentine Spanish (South).

6522:

and is often still associated with this city but is now standard in many other states and major cities, such as

4947:

O homem, chamar-lhe mito não passa de anacoluto (The man, calling him myth is nothing more than an anacoluthon).

14943: 14844: 12001: 11585: 10103: 9252:. While originally Angolan, the word "samba" only became famous worldwide because of its popularity in Brazil. 8867: 8465: 5511: 4346:

spelling standards), but continued to be written in other Portuguese-speaking countries. For example, the word

4221: 14814: 12114: 1342:

Although the African slaves had various ethnic origins, by far most of the borrowings were contributed (1) by

407: 15477: 14751: 14429: 13185: 12201: 12196: 12109: 11791: 11486: 9401: 6496: 6387: 5122:). In some cases, in order to adapt this use to the standard grammar, some Brazilian scholars recommend that 361: 10796: 10225: 7044:("yes") in informal speech. Instead, the usual reply is a repetition of the verb of the question (as in the 4843:("the boys go to school"). Gender agreement, however, is always made even when plural agreement is omitted: 15487: 13150: 12277: 12061: 11849: 11698: 11491: 11390: 11198: 11137: 9024: 8762:

of Brazil, nowadays conservative only in the rural areas and associated with them, that has a historically

8298: 7451: 6373: 6346: 6021:

Another difference between Northern/Northeastern dialects and Southern/Southeastern ones is the pattern of

5541: 5497: 5057: 4049: 3864:); work-related, socioeconomic, historical, and ethnic terms limited to some spheres of society, including 14878: 14281: 10616: 10275: 8587:

made it the most prosperous Brazilian region, which attracted Portuguese colonists and commoners - called

7480: 6955: 6948: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6874: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6792: 6788: 6777: 6757: 6753: 6732: 6677: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6641: 6633: 6625: 6602: 6598: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6034:

vowel, regardless of stress, in the Northeast and North. A famous example of this distinction is the word

5934: 5927: 5920: 5913: 5897: 5891: 5883: 5878: 5872: 5862: 5856: 5848: 5843: 5837: 5825: 5818: 5792: 5786: 5776: 5770: 5760: 5754: 5746: 5738: 5730: 5725: 5719: 5711: 5706: 5700: 5692: 5687: 5681: 5669: 5662: 15319: 14757: 13726: 13655: 13376: 11938: 11745: 11718: 11708: 11693: 11612: 11450: 10638: 10593:

Note: the speaker of this sound file is from Rio de Janeiro, and he is talking about his experience with

10428: 9228:

Many words of Brazilian origin (also used in other Portuguese-speaking countries) have also entered into

8763: 8620: 8473: 8420:

process stronger than that of Portuguese, a different system of the vowel harmony that spans Brazil from

8401: 7964:

may turn some phrases quite ambiguous since one would wonder whether seu/sua refers to the second person

7007: 5525: 5465: 4437:("arsenic"). These spelling differences are due to genuinely different pronunciations. In EP, the vowels 356: 11220:

Conversing in Colony: The Brasílica and the Vulgar in Portuguese America, 1500–1759 (Ph.D. Dissertation)

9776: 8910:

in the early 19th century. There is actually a continuum between vernacular countryside accents and the

8440:, a greater presence of dental stop palatalization to palato-alveolar in comparison to other accents of 4237: 15472: 15040: 14612: 14047: 13605: 13541: 13391: 12411: 12056: 11886: 11801: 11786: 8789: 7987:

Both forms ('seu' or 'dele(s) /dela(s)') are considered grammatically correct in Brazilian Portuguese.

6806:'to kill time'. The same suppression also happens occasionally in EP, but much less often than in BP. ( 6558: 6409: 6256: 4928: 4876: 4864: 4229: 4166:

formed by several regional European Portuguese varieties brought to Brazil, modified by natural drift.

3834: 1059: 842: 681: 446: 11270:

A variação dos pronomes "tu" e "você" no português oral de São João da Ponte (MG) (Ph.D. Dissertation)

10469: 8779: 8766:

in cities as Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba, Belo Horizonte, and until some years ago, in São Paulo itself.

6885:, on the other hand, along with most other Brazilian dialects, is particularly known for lacking it. 6003:(little ball) are pronounced with open-mid vowels although these vowels are not in stressed position. 1151:

did not derive directly from Amerindian expressions, but were in fact coined by European settlers and

14627: 14539: 14148: 13989: 13704: 13633: 13615: 13598: 13593: 13583: 13009: 12127: 12081: 12071: 11811: 11735: 11622: 11602: 11521: 11241: 10168:[Syllable coda /r/ in the "capital" of the paulista hinterland: a sociolinguistic analysis]. 9763: 8771: 8471: 8463: 6975: 6780:. This, along with other adaptations, sometimes results in rather striking transformations of common 6450: 6380: 6231: 5961: 3730:. The latter borrowings are also mostly related to food and drink or culture-bound concepts, such as 636: 494: 115: 100: 12999: 10870: 8670:(7), where, in the 19th and 20th centuries and especially in the area including and surrounding the 3519:

Italian loan words and expressions, in addition to those that are related to food or music, include

2468: 15332: 15236: 14109: 14057: 13836: 13784: 13517: 13386: 13035: 12547: 11872: 11632: 11568: 11511: 11346: 10493:"BRASÍLIA, SUA GENTE, SEUS SOTAQUES: DIFUSÃO CANDANGA E FOCALIZAÇÃO BRASILIENSE NA CAPITAL FEDERAL" 10166:"O /r/ em posição de coda silábica na capital do interior paulista: uma abordagem sociolinguística" 8922:), so that not all people native to the state of Rio de Janeiro speak the said sociolect, but most 7434:(Take this skirt for me), there may be some doubt about which of them must be taken so one may say 6765: 6545:. The regions that still preserve the unpalatalized and are mostly in the Northeast and South of 6263: 6007: 5980: 5474: 4284:

are Brazilian writers recognized for writing the most outstanding work in the Portuguese language.

4225: 4214:

Several Brazilian writers have been awarded with the highest prize of the Portuguese language. The

4207:

The written Brazilian standard differs from the European one to about the same extent that written

4128: 578: 401: 13215: 12658: 8371: 7606:

and minor parts of the Northeast (interior of some states and some speakers from the coast), both

5407: 4939:, i. e., a poem about poetry, a specialty for which he was renowned) treating the concept of 4681:

contracting certain high-frequency phrases, which is not necessarily unacceptable in standard BP (

4195:

their native language into local language, but also created specific dialects, such as the German

14700: 14291: 14245: 14126: 14099: 14038: 13975: 13921: 13628: 13588: 13469: 13260: 13200: 13030: 12764: 12340: 12319: 12179: 11958: 11169: 9954: 9313: 8858: 6295: 6272: 5518: 5399: 1017: 203: 120: 90: 14296: 12643: 11032: 10935: 9139:

A large number of Brazilians speak Portuguese poorly while in Portugal people speak it very well

8871: 7654: 6557:

Another common change that differentiates Brazilian Portuguese from other dialect groups is the

15418: 14634: 14052: 13998: 13650: 13338: 13275: 11968: 11918: 11796: 11740: 11703: 11683: 11678: 11443: 11302:

As construções de tópico no português do Brasil: Uma análise sintático-discursiva em tempo real

11300: 8903: 8638: 8524: 8492: 8407: 7685: 7650: 6878: 6534:(because of migrants from other regions), where it is common in most speakers under 40 or so. 4158:

Naro and Scherre affirm that Brazilian Portuguese is not a "decreolized" form, but rather the "

997: 631: 610: 540: 479: 183: 125: 13425: 11425: 10520:"Sotaque mineiro é o mais charmoso e cativante do Brasil, diz pesquisa; veja ranking completo" 8834:

does have a fairly distinct accent as well, and a relative majority of speakers around and in

6838:

in BP, but can in EP. This nasalization sometimes affects the spelling of words. For example,

6822:

Nasalization is very common in many BP dialects and is especially noticeable in vowels before

5956:

In contrast, speakers of European Portuguese pronounce unstressed ⟨a⟩ primarily as , and they

15450: 15395: 15201: 15196: 14849: 14827: 14718: 14646: 14469: 14131: 13894: 13512: 13459: 13210: 12885: 12006: 11933: 11781: 11713: 11580: 10247:"Linguistic prejudice and the surprising (academic and formal) unity of Brazilian Portuguese" 8289: 6966: 6399: 6302: 6218: 6211: 5358: 4277: 1367: 1359: 1043: 788: 774: 762: 722: 646: 499: 31: 15114: 14082: 12610: 12386: 11355: 10663:[Does the MEC book teach the wrong Portuguese or only value the linguistic forms?]. 10298:"Tu vai para onde? ... Você vai para onde?": manifestações da segunda pessoa na fala carioca 10057:"Tu vai para onde? ... Você vai para onde?": manifestações da segunda pessoa na fala carioca 9474:"Census 2022: Between 2010 and 2022, Brazilian population grows 6.5%, reaches 203.1 million" 7588: 873:

2014 Interactive public hearing to debate the Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement in

791:, may diverge from each other in matters such as vowel pronunciation and speech intonation. 15400: 15174: 14790: 14689: 14549: 14348: 14276: 14228: 14222: 14185: 14168: 13507: 13432: 13362: 13350: 13290: 13040: 13014: 12829: 12562: 12091: 12036: 11908: 11903: 11558: 10427:

Silva, Thaïs Cristófaro; Barboza, Clerton; Guimarães, Daniela; Nascimento, Katiene (2012).

10305: 9449: 9260: 8827: 8775: 8719: 8646: 8010:

In Southeastern Brazilian Portuguese, especially in the standard dialects of the cities of

7217: 6773: 6761: 6311: 6225: 6047: 6011: 5976: 5190:. Instead, the indirect clitic is replaced by preposition + strong pronoun: thus BP writes 5155: 4557:

dropping prepositions before subordinate and relative clauses beginning with conjunctions (

4124: 1692: 1418: 1319: 1280: 1050: 899: 583: 565: 15184: 14597: 13665: 12944: 12893: 12799: 12673: 11285: 9795: 8747: 8743: 8661: 8486: 8343: 8323: 7754:

The table for 2nd person singular conjugation in Brazilian Portuguese is presented below:

7724: 7587:

In parts of the South, in most of the North and most of the Northeast, and in the city of

6882: 6769: 1005: 799: 8: 14885: 14777: 14745: 14739: 14360: 14320: 14286: 14114: 13878: 13502: 13454: 13442: 13410: 13396: 13173: 12898: 12804: 12638: 12532: 12300: 12076: 12051: 11943: 11923: 11864: 11755: 11725: 11688: 11575: 11541: 10742: 9391: 9386: 8679: 8600: 7097: 6995: 6684:. The phenomenon happens mostly in the pretonic position and with the consonant clusters 6326: 5378: 4982:

Portuguese makes extensive use of verbs in the progressive aspect, almost as in English.

4903: 4152: 3777: 3283: 907: 803: 726: 717: 504: 243: 135: 130: 15148: 14581: 14256: 14190: 12994: 12939: 12819: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12494: 12489: 12426: 9570: 9085: 6063: 4241: 15390: 15119: 14975: 14933: 14899: 14893: 14783: 14726: 14683: 14666: 14404: 14397: 14233: 14021: 13962: 13818: 13806: 13685: 13623: 13497: 13449: 13314: 13302: 13280: 13205: 13195: 13066: 12852: 12784: 12774: 12693: 12590: 12446: 12378: 12191: 12119: 12101: 12066: 12016: 11898: 11844: 11816: 11666: 11647: 11113: 10986: 10903: 9909: 9433: 9295: 9241: 8738: 8393: 8335: 7996: 7261: 7011: 6728:: clusters that are not very common in the language ("afta": ; "opção" : > ). 6515:"president," for example, is pronounced in these regions of Brazil but in Portugal. 6174: 5960:

some unstressed vowels or reduce them to a short, near-close near-back unrounded vowel

5411: 5403: 5342: 5198:; the latter most probably will not be understood by Brazilians, being obsolete in BP. 5158:(see in-house style manuals of these newspapers, available on-line, for more details). 4184: 953: 734: 600: 514: 484: 249: 208: 15168: 13660: 12964: 12919: 12903: 12759: 12688: 12678: 12653: 12552: 12517: 12441: 10840: 9057: 8956: — Known in its region as the "accent of the migrants," it has similarities with 8906:. It appeared after locals came in contact with the Portuguese aristocracy amidst the 8591:- from other parts of Brazil along with their African slaves. In the beginning of the 7495:("with you") are still common in most regions of Brazil, especially in areas in which 4382:("to detect"). In particular, BP generally distinguishes in sound and writing between 4249: 393: 15347: 15326: 15246: 15206: 15065: 14993: 14987: 14911: 14803: 14713: 14654: 14566: 14524: 14325: 14271: 14077: 14062: 14033: 14016: 13926: 13889: 13858: 13846: 13765: 13753: 13670: 13645: 13639: 13564: 13533: 13476: 13101: 13056: 12949: 12718: 12703: 12698: 12648: 12600: 12504: 12451: 12421: 12416: 12401: 12244: 12237: 12031: 11993: 11854: 11769: 11627: 11597: 11563: 11478: 11470: 11401: 11361: 11340: 11184: 11148: 11117: 11005: 10990: 10450: 9593: 9344: 9340: 9132:

Bagno denounces the prejudice against the vernacular in what he terms the "8 Myths":

9047: 8823: 8632: 8540: 7727:

and all coastal region of São Paulo state as well as some cities in the countryside.

7669: 6542: 6461: 6432: 6366: 6288: 6179: 4643:("people") with 3rd p. sg verb forms instead of the 1st p. pl verb forms and pronoun 4281: 4253: 4245: 4148: 4017: 3805: 3727: 1931: 1445: 1406: 1165: 1054: 1001: 911: 555: 489: 454: 415: 110: 15189: 14158: 14136: 13265: 12929: 12842: 12779: 12741: 12683: 12456: 11839: 9517: 9491: 9221:, the South American free trade zone, Portuguese has been increasingly studied as a 9093: 8535: 8496: 8331: 8042: 7720: 7708: 7592: 7335:

Brazilian Portuguese uses the second-person imperative forms even when referring to

5983:, unstressed ⟨e⟩ and ⟨o⟩ (when they are not reduced to and ) are pronounced as the 4163: 1004:), in the case of Germans, Italians and Slavics, and in rural areas of the state of 993: 198: 15300: 15290: 15275: 15263: 15179: 15128: 15092: 15070: 15057: 15051: 14980: 14969: 14873: 14838: 14822: 14671: 14659: 14592: 14556: 14544: 14512: 14437: 14409: 14382: 14212: 14207: 14195: 14175: 14163: 14104: 14011: 13968: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13863: 13794: 13778: 13675: 13126: 13116: 13111: 13106: 12934: 12924: 12837: 12751: 12708: 12668: 12595: 12585: 12577: 12557: 12542: 12522: 12466: 12436: 12391: 12352: 12335: 12026: 12021: 11928: 11821: 11806: 11506: 11105: 11055: 10976: 10895: 10716: 10661:"Livro do MEC ensina o português errado ou apenas valoriza as formas linguísticas?" 10440: 10229: 10144: 10083: 9631: 9378: 9229: 9222: 8767: 8642: 8584: 8046: 7730:

In most of Brazil "você" is often reduced to even more contracted forms, resulting

7371: 6971: 6426: 6169: 6164: 5984: 5374: 5151: 5150:) can be found in modern(ist) literature, textbooks, magazines and newspapers like 4963: 4343: 4233: 4144: 4075: 3362: 1997: 1402: 1390: 903: 847: 550: 545: 95: 15075: 15025: 12479: 12406: 11978: 11430:, Rio de Janeiro: Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Lingüísticos, online 11305:, Rio de Janeiro: Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Lingüísticos, online 10445: 9148:

In the state of Maranhão people speak a better Portuguese than elsewhere in Brazil

8863: 8835: 7331:(considered grammatically incorrect, but completely dominant in informal language) 6873:

European Portuguese consistently realizes the syllable-final sibilants as palatal

5219: 4666:), as well as use of the pronoun between two verbs in a verbal expression (always 15384: 15370: 15251: 15153: 15143: 15087: 14938: 14926: 14866: 14861: 14676: 14605: 14587: 14561: 14534: 14464: 14421: 14333: 14314: 14266: 14153: 14119: 14072: 14067: 13789: 13721: 13693: 13250: 13131: 13121: 13096: 13076: 13061: 12974: 12969: 12875: 12870: 12865: 12814: 12794: 12769: 12663: 12633: 12567: 12537: 12512: 12484: 12431: 12253: 12186: 12086: 12046: 11983: 11913: 11496: 11330: 11320: 11085: 10999: 10852: 10143:(Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). Federal University of Paraná. pp. 19–21. 9587: 9210: 9154:

The knowledge of grammar is essential to the correct and proper use of a language

8605: 8417: 8389: 8318: 7735: 7615: 7398:

In spoken Brazilian Portuguese, the first two adjectives/pronouns usually merge:

6892:) have the same pattern as Rio, while in several other dialects (such as that of 6881:

and a few states in the Northeast are particularly known for such pronunciation;

6538: 6527: 6205: 6184: 6059: 6015: 5602: 5482: 4808: 4265: 4140: 4135:

fact, they find many of the same phenomena in other Romance languages, including

3358: 1398: 1394: 1371: 1343: 1085: 1079: 1066: 835: 605: 590: 573: 560: 519: 188: 82: 14387: 12726: 10785: 8354:

in Minas Gerais is expanded further northerly, though not reaching metropolitan

8350:

and the remaining parts of Mato Grosso do Sul are included, and the frontier of

6850:"we speak" from 'falámos' "we spoke," but in BP, it is written and pronounced 6038:, which a Northeasterner would pronounce , while a Southerner would pronounce . 4970:("She and I, we went for a walk"). This happens because the traditional syntax ( 4215: 3425: 1157: 938: 891: 15435: 15342: 15337: 15258: 15138: 15100: 14832: 14392: 14338: 14308: 14200: 13884: 13812: 13758: 13091: 13086: 13081: 13004: 12959: 12954: 12860: 12736: 12527: 12357: 11826: 11637: 10763: 10030: 8682:, and nowadays less distinctive from other variants in the metropolitan cities 8628: 8363: 8355: 8310: 8030: 8011: 7603: 7438:(Take this one there near you") in the original sense of the use of "essa", or 7045: 6523: 6519: 6243: 5625: 5505: 4269: 2285: 1235: 957: 626: 229: 14481: 11109: 10981: 10964: 8637:. Standard Brazilian Portuguese is used in media (radio and television), like 8029:

In Northeastern BP dialects and in Central and Northern parts of the state of

4655: 854: 30:

This article is about the language. For Brazilians of Portuguese descent, see

15466: 15377: 15280: 15268: 15000: 14708: 14365: 14303: 13799: 12809: 12474: 12258: 12011: 11730: 10454: 9364: 9332: 9308: 9279: 8989: 8686:. It can be divided in two regional variants: one that includes the northern 8548: 8459: 8397: 8375: 8306: 7704:

and is always accompanied by a second-person verb ("tu queres", tu "viste").

7374: 6332: 6318: 6279: 6249: 6197: 5567: 5447: 5414:. Brazilian Portuguese has eight oral vowels, five nasal vowels, and several 4580:("There are many problems in the city") is much more frequent in speech than 4375: 4273: 2003: 1602: 1229: 1074: 946: 895: 669: 535: 300: 10807: 10774: 10545:"Sotaque dos mineiros é o mais charmoso e cativante do Brasil, diz pesquisa" 7975:

BP thus tends to use the third-person possessive 'seu' to mean "your" since

6046:

end of the vowel. In this respect it is more similar to the nasalization of

5243:

A few synthetic tenses are usually replaced by compound tenses, such as in:

5013:. The same restriction applies to several other uses of the gerund: BP uses 15159: 15019: 14459: 14414: 12731: 11553: 11240:, Instituto de Linguística Teórica e Computacional (online), archived from 10741:. Fala UNASP – Centro Universitário Adventista de São Paulo. Archived from 9318: 9287: 8715: 8683: 8592: 8572: 8500: 8327: 8305:, it is the same thing about the difference in accent between English from 8038: 7716: 7101: 6979: 6857:

Related is the difference in pronunciation of the consonant represented by

6055: 6022: 4815:("to give") to express that something is feasible or permissible. Example: 4261: 4159: 2127: 2071: 1712: 1706: 1379: 961: 915: 831: 239: 12206: 11071:"Estrutura tópico-comentário, a tradição gramatical e o ensino de redação" 11060: 11043: 10344: 9957:[Considerations on the status of alveolo-palatals in Portuguese]. 9675: 9439: 8972:(in the opposite group of Brazilian dialects, in which it is placed along 8015: 7749: 6531: 5351: 862: 15221: 15214: 14951: 14517: 12041: 9613: 9051: 9043: 8579:

area, its associated region was formerly a sparsely populated land where

8384: 6983: 6610: 5633: 5617: 5608: 5594: 5585: 5579: 5562: 5459: 5442: 5419: 4924: 4899: 4257: 3409: 3405: 1063: 641: 14486: 13522: 10715:. Associação de Defesa do Meio Ambiente Araucária (AMAR). Archived from 10063:(Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. 10043:(Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). Federal University of Santa Catarina. 8933: 8797: 8687: 7995:

In Portuguese, one may or may not include the definite article before a

7638: 7557:(preceding the verb) can be used as the object pronoun in informal BP. 6660:

BP tends to break up consonant clusters, if the second consonant is not

5363: 5040:("we went back to running"). Some varieties of EP also tend to feature 5036:+ infinitive for uses that are not related to continued action, such as 4881: 4869: 3820:("Japanese immigrant"), as well as the different descending generations 874: 14529: 14499: 14491: 14447: 14442: 14092: 13851: 13245: 11953: 11516: 10304:(Master's thesis). Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Archived from 10272:

Phonological descriptions of Ceará Portuguese: from Aguiar to Macambira

10199:] (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Editora. p. 24. 9428: 9406: 9256: 9237: 9214: 9039: 9011: 8778:, is a polemic topic in the entirety of the country since the times of 8759: 8706: 8611: 8444:, among others, as well as a great number of archaic Portuguese words). 8379: 8280: 7689: 7642: 7573: 7209:

In some regions, the first "não" of a "não...não" pair is pronounced .

6889: 6673: 5572: 5533: 5452: 5415: 3637: 3421: 3413: 3401: 3389: 2330: 2032: 2026: 1700: 1389:

There are also many loanwords from other European languages, including

1022: 509: 173: 13142: 12269: 10907: 10267:

As descrições fonológicas do português do Ceará: de Aguiar a Macambira

10088: 8292:

that colonized and populated the country for centuries, has different

8034: 5226:("I drink it because it is liquid, if it were solid I would eat it") 1184: 1103: 15295: 15133: 14475: 13770: 12789: 12211: 10149: 10037:

Verbal agreement with the pronoun tu in the speech of southern Brazil

9747:"o portugues brasileiro: formaçao e contrastes – 1ªed.(2008) – Livro" 9322: 9291: 9032: 8895: 8793: 8616: 8462:

and the greatest tendency to pronounce unstressed vowels as open-mid

6999: 6846:

in BP. It also can affect verbal paradigms: Portuguese distinguishes

6809: 6781: 5076: 4510: 4506: 3894: 3792:(a lexical "loan repayment" from a Portuguese loanword in Japanese), 3377: 2417: 1144: 386: 374: 14921: 10107: 8866:

city (due to a heavy immigration movement from Portugal, mainly its

8667: 7273:('you', the grammatical third person with the present subjunctive): 4481:. By Portuguese spelling rules, that sound can be written either as 1338:("brat, spoiled child," or simply "child," depending on the region). 15080: 14916: 14732: 14180: 14028: 11617: 10899: 10389:"Os estudos fonético-fonológicos nos Estados da Paraíba e do Ceará" 9372: 9249: 9218: 8854:). Speech of northern Paraná is closer to that of inland São Paulo. 8831: 8822:— The variants spoken in the areas between the northern regions of 8556: 8367: 8302: 7596: 7269:('you', the grammatical second person with the imperative form) or 7014:

pronoun itself) in everyday usage and the use of subject pronouns (

6987: 6051: 5386: 5084: 4524: 4179: 3952: 3873: 3631: 3553: 1347: 1300: 1274: 1242: 1148: 942: 926: 811: 766: 738: 428: 348: 324: 312: 15285: 11435: 9145:

People that have had poor education can't speak anything correctly

8874:, said to be a continuum between those whose speech most resemble 8727: 8695: 8691: 8347: 7662: 7646: 7569: 6893: 6507:

by most regions, which are pronounced and , respectively, before

14904: 14769: 14507: 13931: 13916: 13270: 12347: 12216: 10082:] (Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). University of Brasília. 9955:"Considerações sobre o status das palato-alveolares em português" 9301:

There is no ISO code for spoken or written Brazilian Portuguese.

9245: 8890: 8851: 8699: 8675: 8567: 8293: 7673: 6868: 6042: 6030:

vowel in the South and Southeast, as compared to nasalization of

5968:, a sound that does not exist in BP. Thus, for example, the word 5957: 5072: 4985:

Brazilian Portuguese seldom has the present continuous construct

4514: 4473:

Another source of variation is the spelling of the sound before

4136: 4092: 4080: 4012: 4000: 3739: 3373: 3369: 1678: 1375: 1355: 1203: 1190: 1178: 1152: 1136: 1097: 1091: 989: 977: 336: 193: 11096:

Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (December 1995). "European Portuguese".

10884:"Vernacular Features in Educated Speech in Brazilian Portuguese" 10570:"Sotaque mineiro é o mais charmoso e cativante do país; entenda" 8261:

can also be used with such verbs with no difference in meaning:

7693: 7568:. In parts of the Northeast, most specifically in the states of 7158:

It is also common to negate statements twice for emphasis, with

3780:," played with the Japanese words being said before the start), 15106: 14452: 14375: 14355: 14087: 13071: 11466: 10689:. Meia Maratona Internacional CAIXA de Brasília. Archived from 10426: 9411: 8999: 8862:— Variants heavily influenced by European Portuguese spoken in 8847: 8846:

instead, related to the European Portuguese dialects spoken in

8731: 8374:, then spoken in almost all of what is now São Paulo, a former 7658: 7029: 6652:("half", as in "half a dozen") when pronouncing phone numbers. 6546: 5930:

is usually monophthongized to , depending on the speaker, e.g.

5382: 5207: 5045: 4998: 4927:

has taken on a new dimension in Brazilian Portuguese. The poet

4175: 3828: 3735: 3643: 3381: 1351: 1212: 1128: 1120: 981: 965: 919: 815: 807: 730: 433: 277: 63: 11197:

IBGE, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2011),

9873: 9255:

After independence in 1822, Brazilian idioms with African and

9151:

We should speak as closely as possible to the written language

8826:

and southern regions of São Paulo state, encompassing most of

8657: 8482: 6961: 826:

Opening of the 15th Conference of Ministers of Justice of the

14370: 14343: 10032:

Concordância verbal com o pronome tu na fala do sul do Brasil

9233: 9157:

To master Standard Portuguese is the path to social promotion

8734:

has a more European flavor in phonology, prosody and grammar.

8491:— A broad dialect with many variants spoken in the states of 8451: 7746:

is an unstressed syllable and so is dropped in rapid speech.

7676:, have a slightly different pronunciation in some instances ( 6991: 6681: 5942: 4957:

Essa menina, ela costuma tomar conta de cachorros abandonados

4006: 3822: 3816: 2408: 2324: 2050: 1383: 1224: 1112: 985: 973: 969: 930: 105: 7216:

results in its omission, which makes BP a likely example of

6747: 6680:, which can also be characterized, in some situations, as a 4461:) when they are stressed before one of the nasal consonants 3365:

include terms for foods, music, the arts, and architecture.

787:

Regional varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, while remaining

761:

Brazilian Portuguese differs, particularly in phonology and

27:

Set of varieties of the Portuguese language native to Brazil

11427:

Construções de tópico no português brasileiro: Fala popular

11278:

Naro, Anthony Julius; Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira (2007),

9885: 7960:

is strictly a second-person pronoun, the use of possessive

7560:

A speaker may thus end up saying "I love you" in two ways:

3989: 3856: 3526: 9023:

Orthographic Vocabulary of the Portuguese Language of the

8217:

in BP, especially when it means 'to describe someone as':

6756:

is pronounced , and the syllable-final rhotic is the hard

6495:

One of the most noticeable tendencies of modern BP is the

4500: 4342:). Accordingly, they stopped being written in BP (compare 3274:

Brazilian Portuguese tends to adopt French suffixes as in

11001:

Introdução a estudos de fonologia do português brasileiro

10963:

Barbosa, Plínio A.; Albano, Eleonora C. (December 2004).

9959:

Contexto – Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras

4962:

The use of this construction is particularly common with

4151:; they explain these phenomena as due to natural Romance 4004:(type of pumpkin introduced in Japan by the Portuguese), 3850:. Other Japanese loanwords include racial terms, such as 1926: 1900: 1806: 1405:. In addition, there is a limited set of vocabulary from 886:

The existence of Portuguese in Brazil is a legacy of the

11260:

Conversas no Ateliê: Palestras sobre artes e humanidades

9923: 8284:

Percentage of worldwide Portuguese speakers per country.

7475:(informal "you"). The object pronoun, however, is still 5337: 11127:"O uso dos pronomes pessoais tu/você em Concórdia – SC" 8523:

is a more specific term referring to the accent of the

7750:

2nd person singular conjugation in Brazilian Portuguese

7637:"Tu" with the second-person verb can still be found in 7576:, it is also common to use the indirect object pronoun 6644:; this may explain the common Brazilian replacement of 6014:, in patterns that have not yet been much studied, the 4888: 4785:

as a pronoun for indefinite direct objects (similar to

13563: 11273:, Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 11231:

Mateus, Maria Helena Mira; Rodrigues, Celeste (2003),

9136:

There is a striking uniformity in Brazilian Portuguese

8326:(mostly in the countryside and rural areas); southern 7920: 6609:"but" is now pronounced in most of Brazil, making it 4509:, considering that informal BP has developed, both in 4178:

has historically been based by law on the standard of

10429:"Revisitando a palatalização no português brasileiro" 10363:"Sobre as vogais pré-tônicas no Português Brasileiro" 9120:

According to Milton M. Azevedo (Brazilian linguist):

8653:

is the most charming dialect of Brazilian Portuguese.

7990: 7260:

Standard Portuguese forms a command according to the

7040:

Spoken Portuguese rarely uses the affirmation adverb

6601:

at the end of a syllable. It began in the context of

6530:, and it has spread more recently to some regions of 4209:

American English differs from written British English

3452:), there are also abstract terms from German such as 14255: 9354: 7445: 7351:'to be (temporarily)', the second-person imperative 6592: 4405:

Another major set of differences is the BP usage of

1062:

origin referring to local flora and fauna; numerous

10936:"Português do Brasil: Herança colonial e diglossia" 9764:

Portuguese language in Brazilian schools - Timeline

9161:In opposition to the "myths", Bagno counters that: 9064:, published by Cambridge University Press in 2005. 8940:than the dialect commonly spoken in most of Goiás, 8902:variant spoken in an area roughly corresponding to 8045:State, speakers tend to but do not always drop the 7359:are never used; the third-person subjunctive forms 6998:, based on elements such as the successive loss of 6655: 5224:

Bebo-o porque é líquido, se fosse sólido comê-lo-ia

4915:("This girl, I don't know what to do with her") or 9896:[About diphthongs in European Portuguese] 9471: 9397:Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 9100:, for instance) they will use the H-variant only. 8914:sociolect, and the educated speech (in Portuguese 8382:of Brazil before the 18th century, brought by the 8184:" but not in simple sentences like "I love you." 6552: 6490: 4902:studies have shown that Brazilian Portuguese is a 3988:. Other culture-bound terms from Japanese include 3326:in a social context. Portugal uses the expression 11098:Journal of the International Phonetic Association 10969:Journal of the International Phonetic Association 9986:, Vanderbilt University Press, ISBN 0-8265-1197-X 9467: 9465: 9259:influences were brought to Portugal by returning 9112:Mário A. Perini, a Brazilian linguist, has said: 7144:("She had already been an actress, hadn't she?") 5214:, still current in EP, would be normally written 15464: 11180:Pidgins and Creoles: Volume II: Reference Survey 10613:"O MEC, o "português errado" e a linguistica..." 10490: 9199:Linguistic Prejudice: What it Is, How it is done 8722:. Before the 20th century, most people from the 7107:("isn't it?"), contracted in informal speech to 7015: 5297:("own", "have", sense of possession) and rarely 5238: 4647:("we/us"), though both are formally correct and 4525:Characteristics of informal Brazilian Portuguese 4398:("section" of an organization); whereas EP uses 4185:nationalist movements in literature and the arts 3651:. Terms of endearment of Italian origin include 3334:, to refer to the "rush hour," while Brazil has 1473:("streetcar, tram," from 1860s company bonds), 881: 51: 45: 11414: 11230: 11134:Anais do VII Congresso Internacional da Abralin 11018: 10851:Languages of Brazil – Ethnologue (ISO-3 codes) 9971: 9062:Portuguese language (A linguistic introduction) 8882:and European ones, called, often pejoratively, 8239:When movement to a place is described, BP uses 7188:Sometimes, even a triple negative is possible: 4489:(favored in EP). Thus, for example, we have BP 4169: 11380:orais para a análise das formas de tratamento" 10956:Português ou brasileiro? Um convite à pesquisa 10853:http://www.ethnologue.com/country/br/languages 9462: 8878:dialects and those whose speech most resemble 8575:in center, east and southeast regions. As the 8392:, closely related to its northern counterpart 8338:. Depending on the vision of what constitutes 7127:("He didn't do what he should have, did he?") 6869:Palatalization of the syllable-final sibilants 5334:This phenomenon is also observed in Portugal. 4743:use of certain idiomatic expressions, such as 1147:"), and many more. However, many Tupi–Guarani 1053:of the original inhabitants, then the various 846:2017 Debate on the Portuguese language in the 13549: 13158: 12285: 11451: 11095: 10962: 10615:(in Portuguese). Imprenca.com. Archived from 9879: 9867: 9015:Knowledge em Português. A enciclopédia livre. 8609:, and the northern area has an accent called 8213:'call' is normally used with the preposition 4831:("it's possible to see a man in the picture") 4754:lack of indirect object pronouns, especially 689: 11210:Português brasileiro – uma viagem diacrônica 11124: 11069:Cunha, Antônio Sérgio Cavalcante da (2010), 10080:The use of tu in spoken Brasilian Portuguese 9995: 8288:Brazil, due to its continental size and the 8243:(contracted with an article, if necessary): 8231: 7295:"You are stupid, shut your mouth! (shut up)" 2416:Many of these words are used throughout the 15445:languages with more than 5 million speakers 11277: 10190: 10076:O uso do tu no português brasiliense falado 9946: 9721: 9717: 9715: 9713: 9711: 9709: 9592:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Global Editora. 8758:is the hinterland sociolect of much of the 7212:In some cases, the redundancy of the first 7035: 6962:Differences in the informal spoken language 5398:In many ways, Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is 4913:Essa menina, eu não sei o que fazer com ela 4893: 1077:are particularly prevalent in place names ( 1036:List of Portuguese words of Germanic origin 15028:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance) 13556: 13542: 13165: 13151: 12292: 12278: 11458: 11444: 11406:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 11153:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10639:"Cartilha Do Mec Ensina Erro De Português" 10587: 10387:Aragão, Maria do Socorro Silva de (2009). 10329:Aragão, Maria do Socorro Silva de (2003), 9861: 9417:List of English words of Portuguese origin 9142:Portuguese is difficult to learn and speak 7100:as a declarative sentence followed by the 5095:("They gave him/her the book") instead of 3492:("difficult situation," perhaps from Ger. 1040:List of Portuguese words of Italian origin 828:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 782:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 757:Freddie, a speaker of Brazilian Portuguese 696: 682: 427: 11161: 11059: 10980: 10467: 10444: 10148: 10087: 9550:The World's 10 most influential languages 6915: 6748:L-vocalization and suppression of final r 5107:("Let me know when you (pl.) get home"). 4350:("action") in European Portuguese became 4174:The written language taught in Brazilian 1358:from Angola and the area that is now the 952:The failed colonization attempts, by the 75:203,080,756 (2022 – Official Census) 11030: 10028: 9984:A Grammar of Spoken Brazilian Portuguese 9894:"Sobre os Ditongos do Português Europeu" 9891: 9793: 9706: 9700: 9018: 9010: 8279: 6965: 6541:community since it is also a feature of 6537:It has always been standard in Brazil's 5972:is in BP, but in European Portuguese. 5912:In vernacular varieties, the diphthong 5369: 5357: 5341: 5029:as is the case in most varieties of EP. 5021:("he sings while he works"), but rarely 4875: 4863: 4762:plus their respective personal pronoun ( 4534:dropping the first syllable of the verb 3354:are used interchangeably for "snooker." 2412:(slang, brought from Hawaii by surfers). 868: 853: 841: 821: 798: 743: 13172: 12299: 11415:Silva, e Mattos, Rosa Virgínia (2004), 11234:A vibrante em coda no Português Europeu 11037:, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall 10929:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 10924: 10881: 10868: 10197:Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology 9856: 9774: 9225:in Spanish-speaking partner countries. 5926:In vernacular varieties, the diphthong 5916:is typically monophthongized to , e.g. 5402:in its phonology. This is also true of 4839:("the boy goes to school") rather than 4538:(" to be") throughout the conjugation ( 4501:Language register – formal vs. informal 4287: 888:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 834:with former Brazilian justice minister 14: 15465: 11373: 11353: 11318: 11312:Modern Portuguese: A Reference Grammar 11309: 11298: 11257: 11019:Bortoni-Ricardo, Stella Maris (2005), 10386: 10328: 10128: 10006: 9823: 9812: 9585: 9581: 9579: 8191: 5293:Also, spoken BP usually uses the verb 5105:Me avisa quando vocês chegarem em casa 4917:Com essa menina eu não sei o que fazer 4088:("tea"), also in European Portuguese. 2136:(commercial context, music industry), 906:missionaries, as well as with various 13537: 13493:Geographic distribution of Portuguese 13146: 12273: 11439: 11423: 11357:Say It in Portuguese (European Usage) 11284:, São Paulo: Parábola, archived from 11226:, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University 11068: 11004:(in Brazilian Portuguese). EDIPUCRS. 10997: 10953: 10933: 10927:Portuguese: A Linguistic Introduction 10576:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-06-17 10551:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-06-18 10526:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-06-17 10274:] (in Portuguese), archived from 10163: 9952: 9929: 9845: 9834: 9777:"Imigrantes tunisinos e clandestinos" 9775:Gauriat, Valérie (October 29, 2013). 8870:) and much of its metropolitan area, 7984:is also used to mean 'his' or 'her'. 6161: 5809: 5653: 5338:Differences in formal spoken language 4951:In colloquial language, this kind of 4632:("the woman whose son died") becomes 4485:(favored in BP for certain words) or 4091:The loan vocabulary includes several 3980:; and terms for art concepts such as 3298:("train station," Portugal also uses 1485:("beater," railway settlement tool), 925:Beginning in the early 18th century, 771:Portuguese-speaking African countries 716: 11266: 11262:, São Paulo: FAU-USP, pp. 51–69 11207: 11196: 11176: 11041: 10869:Andrade, Carlos Drummond de (1973), 10468:Bernstein, Charles (25 April 2009). 10294: 10263: 10209: 10191:Callou, Dinah; Leite, Yonne (2001). 10073: 10053: 10017: 9651: 9573:on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2011-09-28. 9478:Agência de Notícias IBGE (IBGE News) 8838:also speak this variant (many speak 8770:, or what by times is described as ' 8583:dialect was briefly spoken, but the 8499:and neighbouring eastern regions of 8400:as being strongly associated with a 6518:The pronunciation probably began in 5194:("she gave it to me") instead of EP 5051: 4889:Syntactic and morphological features 3998:("target news niche and websites"), 3960:; terms related to writing, such as 3726:Fewer words have been borrowed from 830:in 2017. Former Brazilian president 13360:Portuguese language Outside Brazil: 11532:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present) 11465: 11216: 10610: 10360: 10164:Leite, Cândida Mara Britto (2010). 9663: 9576: 7921:Third-person direct object pronouns 7633:use it with the third-person verb: 7580:as a second-person object pronoun: 7370:The negative command forms use the 7155:(If a longer answer is preferred.) 7089:"Have you gone to the library yet?" 7073:— Tu foste/foi na/à/pra biblioteca? 5161: 5005:Thus, Brazilians will always write 4114: 3322:, used in a technical context, and 3310:(ultimately from French), while EP 1249:Body-related parts and conditions: 1020:users whose number is estimated by 24: 15449:Languages between parentheses are 11314:, New Haven: Yale University Press 10611:Mér, Caipira Zé do (17 May 2011). 10193:Iniciação à Fonética e à Fonologia 9734:"Das Brasilianische Portugiesisch" 8198:stand in/on line, in/on the street 7991:Definite article before possessive 7386:(Don't throw paper on the grass); 7162:("no") before and after the verb: 6951:, which merges with the diphthong 4908:Esses assuntos eu não conheço bem, 1310:Miscellaneous household concepts: 461: 25: 15499: 15329:(unknown further classification) 11527:Military dictatorship (1964–1985) 11374:Santos, Viviane Maia dos (2010), 10641:(in Portuguese). Saindo da Matrix 10491:Vieira Lima Neto, Newton (2018). 10470:"Learn about Portuguese language" 10295:Maia, Viviane dos Santos (2012). 10054:Maia, Viviane dos Santos (2012). 9472:Umberlândia Cabral (2023-06-28). 9270: 8599:fled from Minas Gerais after the 7622:is never used and is replaced by 7502:Hence, the combination of object 7446:Personal pronouns and possessives 6593:Epenthetic glide before final /s/ 6476: 6469: 6449: 6440: 6417: 6408: 6386: 6379: 6372: 6352: 6345: 6338: 6317: 6310: 6301: 6294: 6278: 6271: 6262: 6255: 6230: 6224: 6217: 6210: 6066:), as in the following examples: 5632: 5616: 5607: 5593: 5584: 5540: 5524: 5517: 5510: 5496: 5487: 5473: 5464: 5348:Museum of the Portuguese Language 4294:Reforms of Portuguese orthography 4202: 4040:; toasts and salutations such as 3336:horário de pico, horário de pique 1800:Miscellaneous cultural concepts: 859:Museum of the Portuguese Language 11512:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930) 11024:Sociolinguística na sala de aula 11022:Nós cheguemu na escola, e agora? 10129:Ferraz, Irineu da Silva (2005). 9438: 9371: 9357: 8656: 8481: 6974:preserves the books that record 6656:Epenthesis in consonant clusters 6058:even entails the insertion of a 4778:("I want to send you a letter")) 4772:Quero mandar uma carta para você 4620:("whose"), which is replaced by 4199:dialect in the South of Brazil. 4078:contributed a few terms such as 3488:("police action"), and possibly 1364:Democratic Republic of the Congo 960:during the 16th century and the 663: 341: 329: 317: 305: 293: 270: 11325:, Campinas, SP: Pontes Editores 11322:O tópico no português do Brasil 11299:Orsini, Mônica Tavares (2004), 11281:Origens do português brasileiro 11125:Franceschini, Lucelene (2011), 10861: 10845: 10841:Portuguese language in Mercosul 10834: 10823: 10812: 10801: 10790: 10779: 10768: 10757: 10731: 10705: 10679: 10653: 10631: 10604: 10562: 10537: 10512: 10484: 10461: 10433:Revista de Estudos da Linguagem 10420: 10380: 10354: 10343:(in Portuguese), archived from 10322: 10288: 10257: 10239: 10203: 10184: 10157: 10122: 10104:"Nheengatu and caipira dialect" 10096: 10074:Dias, Edilene Patrícia (2007). 10067: 10047: 10022: 10011: 10000: 9989: 9976: 9965: 9935: 9850: 9839: 9828: 9817: 9806: 9794:Squarisi, Dad (July 19, 2011). 9787: 9768: 9757: 9739: 9726: 9694: 9668: 9657: 9586:Freyre, Gilberto (2019-03-15). 9444:Brazilian Portuguese phrasebook 8645:. A 2023 study, conducted by a 8458:, it has a very characteristic 8432:but is especially prevalent in 7945: 7058:— Você foi na/à/pra biblioteca? 7010:(and, in some dialects, of the 6817: 6553:Palatalization of /li/ and /ni/ 6491:Palatalization of /di/ and /ti/ 5148:pronome solto entre dois verbos 4770:("Give him a glass of water"); 4563:Ele precisa de que vocês ajudem 4374:However, BP has retained those 3512:(musical style and dance) from 3506:Friedrich Hermann Von Schönberg 2194:traje de gala/cerimônia noturna 912:slaves brought into the country 718:[poʁtuˈɡejzbɾaziˈlejɾu] 15453:of the language on their left. 15323:(Western Romance-based pidgin) 11417:O português do Brasil são dois 11387:Anais do IX Encontro do CELSUL 11212:, Campinas: Editora da UNICAMP 11183:, Cambridge University Press, 9645: 9624: 9606: 9559: 9543: 7599:, 'tu' is not generally used. 7456: 7096:In BP, it is common to form a 6812:in non-rhotic English dialects 5229: 4977: 4923:. Nevertheless, the so-called 4582:Há muitos problemas na cidade. 4572:when it means "to exist" with 4222:Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis 4123:, especially in São Paulo and 3350:, and the phonetic adaptation 3282:"landing "), differently from 2398:(movie/TV context and slang), 1284:("runaway slave settlement"), 13: 1: 11424:Vasco, Sérgio Leitão (2003), 11389:, Palhoça, SC, archived from 11354:Prista, Alexander da (1979), 10446:10.17851/2237-2083.20.2.59-89 9972:Mateus & Rodrigues (2003) 9529:IANA language subtag registry 9503:IANA language subtag registry 9455: 9402:Academia Brasileira de Letras 8627:spoken in the state capital, 8301:. And as for Portuguese from 7700:is used much more often than 7483:). Also, other forms such as 7405:'this (one)' / 'that (one)' 7255: 6151: 6006:Meanwhile, in accents of the 5239:Simple versus compound tenses 5201: 4636:("the woman that son died")) 4616:lack of the relative pronoun 4517:, in its own particular way. 4326:. In many cases, the letters 3922:; martial arts terms such as 882:Portuguese language in Brazil 362:Academia Brasileira de Letras 18:Brazilian Portuguese language 15483:Portuguese-Brazilian culture 11031:Chilcote, Ronald H. (1967), 10667:(in Portuguese). 26 May 2011 10402:(1): 163–184. Archived from 10106:. Sosaci.org. Archived from 9942:Portuguese language variants 9636:www.linguaportuguesa.ufrn.br 9446:travel guide from Wikivoyage 9025:Brazilian Academy of Letters 9006: 8968:that make it differing from 8908:Portuguese royal family fled 8555:word in itself is a Spanish 8515:is sometimes referred to as 8378:in most of the contemporary 8299:Regions of the United States 8203: 8161: 8153: 8120: 7684:), which is also present in 7452:Portuguese personal pronouns 7125:Ele não fez o que devia, né? 7023: 6064:Polish phonology § Open 6054:). In some cases, the nasal 5422:, some oral and some nasal. 5393: 5146:), and this usage (known as 5058:Portuguese personal pronouns 4841:os meninos vão para a escola 4829:pode ver-se um homem na foto 4732:in the directional meaning ( 4639:frequent use of the pronoun 4634:A mulher que o filho morreu 4578:Tem muito problema na cidade 4559:Ele precisa que vocês ajudem 4170:Written and spoken languages 4052:suffixes of address such as 1029: 1026:to be as high as 3 million. 941:) and prohibited the use of 7: 15320:Mediterranean Lingua Franca 11974:Water supply and sanitation 11522:Fourth Republic (1946–1964) 11497:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815) 9632:"Brazilian dialectal zones" 9350: 9103: 8694:and another that goes from 8559:into Portuguese of obscure 8507:formed in these previously 8275: 8064: 7420:Essa é minha camiseta nova. 7393: 7205:"No. I don't speak it, no." 6904:only before the consonants 6041:Vowel nasalization in some 5032:BP retains the combination 5017:("we kept on talking") and 4968:Eu e ela, nós fomos passear 4911:also quite common, e.g. in 4825:dá pra ver um homem na foto 4764:Dê um copo de água para ele 4413:in many words where EP has 4111:) in Portuguese worldwide. 4099:("skyscraper," from French 3868:("genealogical research"), 765:, from varieties spoken in 10: 15504: 15022:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish) 14048:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata 13842:Central−Southern Calabrian 11502:United Kingdom (1815–1822) 11267:Mota, Maria Alice (2008), 11136:, Curitiba, archived from 10226:Museu da Língua Portuguesa 9953:Leite, João Lucas (1992). 9002:and its metropolitan area. 8816:depending on the location. 8585:discovery of gold and gems 8322:— Spoken in the states of 7723:, but "tu" is frequent in 7449: 7347:'to be (permanently)' and 7343:, in the case of the verb 7151:("She already had.") Or – 7008:second-person conjugations 6976:presidential inaugurations 6735:into a very weak vowel so 5068:indisputably predominant. 5055: 4929:Carlos Drummond de Andrade 4859: 4776:Quero lhe mandar uma carta 4630:A mulher cujo filho morreu 4291: 4230:Carlos Drummond de Andrade 3892:("death by work excess"), 1033: 1012:reservations inhabited by 910:spoken by the millions of 794: 29: 15427: 15411: 15362: 15311: 15235: 15039: 15012: 14961: 14813: 14699: 14645: 14626: 14577: 14244: 13997: 13988: 13949: 13829: 13714: 13703: 13614: 13576: 13485: 13405: 13371: 13224: 13180: 13049: 13023: 13010:Paulista General Language 12987: 12912: 12884: 12851: 12828: 12750: 12717: 12609: 12576: 12503: 12465: 12377: 12368: 12328: 12307: 12231: 12100: 11992: 11894: 11885: 11863: 11777: 11768: 11756:President of the Republic 11674: 11665: 11549: 11540: 11477: 11335:, Omniglot (online), n.d. 11162:Hernandes, Paulo (2000), 11110:10.1017/S0025100300005223 10982:10.1017/S0025100304001756 10877:, Rio de Janeiro: Olympio 10210:Castilho, Ataliba T. de, 10029:Loregian, Loremi (1996). 9880:Barbosa & Albano 2004 9722:Naro & Scherre (2007) 9676:"Brazilian Sign Language" 9589:Casa-grande & senzala 9556:, retrieved on scribd.com 9204: 8774:', often correlated with 8742:— Variants spoken around 8643:American Standard English 8536:Sulriograndense or Gaúcho 8097: 8088: 7907: 7842: 7820: 7802: 7491:(postprepositional), and 6958:normally, but not in BP. 6425: 6398: 6325: 6242: 6204: 6183: 6178: 6168: 6163: 5832: 5811: 5676: 5655: 5425: 5222:, as in his famous quote 5062: 4740:("Where are you going?")) 1912:(sometimes , but also ), 1008:(Italians and Japanese). 426: 414: 400: 384: 372: 367: 355: 283: 265:Official language in 263: 258: 226: 167: 79: 69: 59: 44: 39: 14330:North American dialects 13837:Extreme Southern Italian 11679:Administrative divisions 11217:Lee, M. Kittiya (2005), 11168:, Online, archived from 10925:Azevedo, Milton (2005), 10882:Azevedo, Milton (1989), 9982:Thomas, Earl W. (1974), 9892:Carvalho, Joana (2012). 9425:List of word differences 9067: 8948:Arco do desflorestamento 8750:(where it coexists with 8549:Spanish-speaking nations 8527:area by speakers with a 8358:. It is often said that 7938:"I saw him" rather than 7629:Most Brazilians who use 7553:(following the verb) or 7512:eu te disse para você ir 7471:(formal "you") replaces 7467:In many dialects of BP, 7384:Não jogue papel na grama 7036:Affirmation and negation 5322:ele podia haver/ter dito 5009:("she is dancing"), not 4894:Topic-prominent language 4837:os menino vai pra escola 4823:("I could understand"); 4758:, which are replaced by 4378:in a few cases, such as 4238:João Cabral de Melo Neto 3804:(religious philosophy), 1417:Technology and science: 1374:/Nagô, from what is now 1326:("youngest child," also 1314:("caress on the head"), 13749:Central−Northern Latian 12320:Brazilian Sign Language 11319:Pontes, Eunice (1987), 11084:: 53–63, archived from 10361:Lee, Seung Hwa (2006). 9908:(1): 20. Archived from 9641:The Portuguese Language 9552:, George Werber, 1997, 9314:Brazilian Sign Language 9084:by Brazilian modernist 8388:, interior pioneers of 8257:In BP, the preposition 7968:or to the third person 7432:Pega essa saia para mim 7425:This is my new T-shirt. 7248:"Do you speak English?" 7202:"Do you speak English?" 7181:"Do you speak English?" 6944:) and in the diphthong 6636:, making it rhyme with 5999:(demitasse coffee) and 5307:ele havia/tinha cantado 5071:BP normally places the 4819:("can/may I eat it?"); 4550:("we were") instead of 3717:io ti voglio tanto bene 2915:("pullover, sweater"), 2240:("facial powder," also 1268:Geographical features: 1073:Words derived from the 1018:Brazilian Sign Language 14053:Gallo-Italic of Sicily 11835:Science and technology 11517:Vargas Era (1930–1946) 11332:Portuguese (Português) 11310:Perini, Mário (2002), 11200:Censo Demográfico 2010 11177:Holm, John A. (1989), 11042:Cook, Manuela (2013). 10965:"Brazilian Portuguese" 10954:Bagno, Marcos (2004), 10934:Bagno, Marcos (2001), 10875:As impurezas do branco 10500:University of Brasília 10264:Monteiro, José Lemos, 9217:. Since Brazil joined 9126: 9118: 9090:Grande Sertão: Veredas 9028: 9016: 8904:Greater Rio de Janeiro 8748:the state of São Paulo 8525:Greater Rio de Janeiro 8285: 8271:I went to the square. 8253:I went to the square. 8235:with verbs of movement 8139:"Me to answer!" (you) 8057:are likely in speech. 7522:("say what you did"). 7442:(Take this one here). 7134:("Right, he didn't.") 7016: 7003: 6916:Other phonetic changes 6569:followed by the vowel 5390: 5367: 5355: 5136:ela não vem-me pagando 5132:ela não me vem pagando 4972:Eu e ela fomos passear 4949: 4885: 4873: 4768:Dê-lhe um copo de água 3994:("Japanese bathtub"), 3764:(from Portugal) (from 2939:(ultimately Italian), 2469:Louis-Eugène Cavaignac 1528:Commerce and finance: 1291:Articles of clothing: 1222:Afro-Brazilian music: 878: 866: 851: 839: 819: 758: 712: 466: 52: 46: 14540:Poitevin–Saintongeais 13513:Portuguese vocabulary 13261:Florianopolitan/Manês 13015:Portunhol fronteiriço 11419:, São Paulo: Parábola 11061:10.21471/jls.v11i0.84 11026:, São Paulo: Parábola 10958:, São Paulo: Parábola 10176:: 111. Archived from 9261:Portuguese Brazilians 9215:Brazilian soap operas 9122: 9114: 9022: 9014: 8894:— Not a dialect, but 8790:Center-Western states 8760:Central-Southern half 8666:— more marked in the 8561:Indigenous Amerindian 8460:syllable-timed rhythm 8372:língua geral paulista 8297:too in the different 8290:immigration to Brazil 8283: 8227:I called him a thief. 8222:Chamei ele de ladrão. 8082:Brazilian Portuguese 8077:Brazilian Portuguese 8024:Meu tio matou um cara 7914:se parece, te parece 7657:dialect region (e.g. 7529:has largely replaced 7367:may be used instead. 7184:"I don't speak , no." 7142:Ela já foi atriz, né? 7020:) as direct objects. 6969: 6940:before the palatals ( 6768:, while the state of 5408:São Tomean Portuguese 5373: 5361: 5345: 5027:ele trabalha a cantar 5019:ele trabalha cantando 4945: 4879: 4867: 4847:(the smart boys) vs. 4751:("Where is the car?") 4695:dependo 'dele' ajudar 4691:dependo de ele ajudar 4658:in all cases (always 4292:Further information: 4278:Lygia Fagundes Telles 4119:Use of the reflexive 3768:, "folding screen"), 3368:From German, besides 2054:(as in "queer lit"), 1368:Niger-Congo languages 1360:Republic of the Congo 1307:("loincloth, thong"); 1044:Portuguese vocabulary 1034:Further information: 902:that was used by the 872: 857: 845: 825: 802: 789:mutually intelligible 775:mutually intelligible 756: 465: 32:Portuguese Brazilians 15478:Brazilian Portuguese 14349:St. Marys Bay French 13873:Neapolitan–Calabrese 13508:Portuguese phonology 13276:North Coast/Cearense 13256:Central Northeastern 11653:World Heritage Sites 11586:Environmental issues 11559:Brazilian Antarctica 11345:: CS1 maint: year ( 10998:Bisol, Leda (2005). 10764:Brazilian Portuguese 10370:Estudos Lingüísticos 10253:on October 21, 2012. 9961:(in Portuguese): 12. 9569:. Archived from the 9450:Uruguayan Portuguese 9427:, on the Portuguese 9337:Brazilian Portuguese 9054:and grammar usage). 8872:Grande Florianópolis 8772:linguistic prejudice 8674:(the dry land after 7549:. Therefore, either 7198:— Não. Não falo, não 7092:"Yes, I went there." 7017:ele, ela, eles, elas 5324:(he might have said) 5208:mesoclitic placement 5144:não vamos lhes dizer 4542:("he's") instead of 4354:in Brazil, European 4288:Spelling differences 4020:descendants include 3721:ti voglio bene assai 3496:, "a sick person"). 2959:(ultimately Dutch), 2390:("portable lunch"), 1640:shopping center/mall 1303:or dance uniform"), 1197:Religious concepts: 1051:Amerindian languages 900:Amerindian languages 713:português brasileiro 709:Brazilian Portuguese 652:World Heritage Sites 179:Central Northeastern 141:Brazilian Portuguese 53:português brasileiro 40:Brazilian Portuguese 15488:Languages of Brazil 14701:Galician–Portuguese 13727:Central Marchigiano 13503:Portuguese diaspora 13174:Portuguese language 12301:Languages of Brazil 12202:Syncretic Religions 12110:Freedom of religion 11792:Automotive industry 11376:"A constituição de 11360:, New York: Dover, 11208:Kato, Mary (1993), 10830:Marcos Bagno (1999) 10819:Marcos Bagno (1999) 10745:on 22 December 2012 10719:on 22 December 2012 10713:"O Que É? Amazônia" 10235:on 22 December 2012 10110:on 15 December 2018 9996:Franceschini (2011) 9868:Cruz-Ferreira (1995 9800:Correio Braziliense 9682:. SIL International 9614:"Brazil – Language" 9392:Portuguese language 9387:Languages of Brazil 8792:, and also much of 8680:Rioplatense Spanish 8601:War of the Emboabas 8404:, now mostly rural. 8402:substandard variant 8192:Use of prepositions 8117:"Answer me!" (you) 8102:"I you/thee love." 7898:não fale, não fala 7738:) and, especially, 7692:. In the states of 7541:may be replaced by 7520:fale o que você fez 7516:fala o que você fez 7499:is still frequent. 7440:Pega essa saia aqui 7430:room and one says, 7230:— Você fala inglês? 7193:— Você fala inglês? 7172:— Você fala inglês? 7153:É, sim, ela já foi. 6996:Portuguese language 6865:("early morning"). 6752:The syllable-final 6158: 6157:Consonant phonemes 5806: 5650: 5556: 5436: 5410:, as well as other 5379:Portuguese Language 5247:future indicative: 5023:ficamos a conversar 5015:ficamos conversando 4931:once wrote a short 4821:deu pra eu entender 4805:= "wait a moment"); 4734:Para onde você vai? 4651:is still much used. 4598:for "I saw him/it") 4358:("optimum") became 4226:João Guimarães Rosa 3814:("non-Japanese"), 3778:rock-paper-scissors 3357:Contributions from 3294:("station") and EP 3284:European Portuguese 3267:(from 19th-century 2799:(including slang), 1382:, from what is now 1288:("slave quarters"); 1153:Jesuit missionaries 727:Portuguese language 285:Recognised minority 244:Portuguese alphabet 131:Galician-Portuguese 47:português do Brasil 15115:Catalan Ribagorçan 14962:Pyrenean–Mozarabic 14234:Judaeo-Piedmontese 14144:Bustocco–Legnanese 13939:Northern Calabrian 13498:Brazilian diaspora 13298:Curitibano/Sulista 12765:Gavião of Jiparaná 12329:Regional languages 12162:Eastern Orthodoxy 12155:Ukrainian Catholic 11850:Telecommunications 11507:Empire (1822–1889) 11492:Indigenous peoples 10797:Language of Brazil 10396:Revista da ABRALIN 9434:Portuguese grammar 9341:Internet standards 9296:ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 9033:diglossic language 9029: 9017: 8800:. It is closer to 8346:, border areas of 8336:Mato Grosso do Sul 8286: 8037:), rural parts of 7997:possessive pronoun 7525:In areas in which 7262:grammatical person 7004: 6672:, by inserting an 6573:, yielding and . 6156: 6062:such as (compare 5804: 5648: 5554: 5434: 5391: 5368: 5356: 5329:ele podia ter dito 5289:+ past participle) 5192:ela o deu para mim 5128:ela vem-me pagando 5126:should be written 5124:ela vem me pagando 5120:ela vem pagando-me 5116:ela me vem pagando 5112:ela vem me pagando 5087:position), namely 4886: 4874: 4851:(the smart girls). 4749:Onde está o carro? 4429:("neuron") and BP 3400:and pronounced ), 3017:calça Saint-Tropez 2188:(male underwear), 879: 867: 852: 840: 820: 759: 735:Brazilian diaspora 467: 250:Portuguese Braille 15473:Culture of Brazil 15460: 15459: 15436:extinct languages 15358: 15357: 15035: 15034: 14994:Navarro-Aragonese 14879:Peruvian Ribereño 14804:Judaeo-Portuguese 14719:Galician–Asturian 14622: 14621: 14613:Old Gallo-Romance 14567:Wisconsin Walloon 13984: 13983: 13957:Dalmatian Romance 13565:Romance languages 13531: 13530: 13477:Judaeo-Portuguese 13413: 13379: 13232: 13188: 13140: 13139: 12983: 12982: 12669:Laklãnõ (Xokléng) 12308:Official language 12267: 12266: 12227: 12226: 12169: 12157: 12150: 12143: 12136: 12134:Armenian Catholic 11939:Income inequality 11881: 11880: 11764: 11763: 11751:Political parties 11746:National Congress 11709:Freedom of speech 11694:Foreign relations 11661: 11660: 11034:Portuguese Africa 11011:978-85-7430-529-5 10943:Revista da FAEEBA 10665:Jornal de Beltrão 10435:(in Portuguese). 10398:(in Portuguese). 10372:(in Portuguese). 10224:(in Portuguese), 10172:(in Portuguese). 9904:(in Portuguese). 9751:m.travessa.com.br 9618:countrystudies.us 9599:978-85-260-2461-8 9531:. 16 October 2005 9505:. 16 October 2005 9345:IETF language tag 9098:The Little Prince 9048:African languages 8884:manezinho da ilha 8844:manezinho da ilha 8824:Rio Grande do Sul 8744:Greater São Paulo 8649:app, showed that 8647:language learning 8541:Rio Grande do Sul 8344:Triângulo Mineiro 8334:and southeastern 8309:and English from 8266:Fui para a praça. 8171: 8170: 8051:esse é o meu gato 7918: 7917: 7790: 7782: 7774: 7766: 7670:Rio Grande do Sul 7325:Você é burro, cal 7310:Você é burro, cal 7291:a boca! (cale-se) 7287:Você é burro, cal 7282:a boca! (cala-te) 7218:Jespersen's Cycle 6776:conserve the tap 6488: 6487: 5941:The reduction of 5909: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5805:Nasal diphthongs 5800: 5799: 5642: 5641: 5550: 5549: 5314:ele tinha cantado 5268:eu iria/ia cantar 5097:Lhe deram o livro 5093:Deram-lhe o livro 5079:position), as in 5075:before the verb ( 5052:Personal pronouns 5038:voltamos a correr 5011:ela está a dançar 5007:ela está dançando 4964:compound subjects 4849:as menina esperta 4845:os menino esperto 4402:for both senses. 4386:("section" as in 4376:silent consonants 4282:Euclides da Cunha 4254:Rachel de Queiroz 4246:Clarice Lispector 3854:("Eurasian") and 3332:l'heure de pointe 3231:(used as slang), 2058:(also the calque 1666:, "outboard" (), 1166:African languages 1119:("South American 1055:African languages 1002:Rio Grande do Sul 935:Marquis of Pombal 908:African languages 754: 706: 705: 670:Brazil portal 455:Culture of Brazil 440: 439: 357:Regulated by 16:(Redirected from 15495: 14981:Judaeo-Aragonese 14970:Andalusi Romance 14823:Amazonic Spanish 14660:Western Asturian 14643: 14642: 14582:Franco-Provençal 14253: 14252: 14149:Comasco–Lecchese 14007:Emilian–Romagnol 13995: 13994: 13795:Regional Italian 13785:Italo-Australian 13712: 13711: 13634:Megleno-Romanian 13558: 13551: 13544: 13535: 13534: 13473: 13446: 13429: 13409: 13375: 13354: 13342: 13330: 13318: 13306: 13294: 13228: 13184: 13167: 13160: 13153: 13144: 13143: 12375: 12374: 12294: 12287: 12280: 12271: 12270: 12247: 12240: 12165: 12153: 12146: 12139: 12132: 12057:National symbols 11892: 11891: 11830: 11802:Economic history 11787:Animal husbandry 11775: 11774: 11672: 11671: 11547: 11546: 11460: 11453: 11446: 11437: 11436: 11431: 11420: 11411: 11405: 11397: 11395: 11384: 11370: 11350: 11344: 11336: 11326: 11315: 11306: 11295: 11294: 11293: 11274: 11263: 11254: 11253: 11252: 11246: 11239: 11227: 11225: 11213: 11204: 11193: 11173: 11158: 11152: 11144: 11142: 11131: 11121: 11092: 11090: 11075: 11065: 11063: 11038: 11027: 11015: 10994: 10984: 10959: 10950: 10940: 10930: 10921: 10920: 10919: 10910:, archived from 10878: 10855: 10849: 10843: 10838: 10832: 10827: 10821: 10816: 10810: 10805: 10799: 10794: 10788: 10783: 10777: 10772: 10766: 10761: 10755: 10754: 10752: 10750: 10735: 10729: 10728: 10726: 10724: 10709: 10703: 10702: 10700: 10698: 10687:"Sotaque branco" 10683: 10677: 10676: 10674: 10672: 10657: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10646: 10635: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10619:on 19 April 2012 10608: 10602: 10591: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10581: 10566: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10556: 10541: 10535: 10534: 10532: 10531: 10516: 10510: 10509: 10507: 10506: 10497: 10488: 10482: 10481: 10479: 10477: 10465: 10459: 10458: 10448: 10424: 10418: 10417: 10415: 10414: 10408: 10393: 10384: 10378: 10377: 10367: 10358: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10342: 10326: 10320: 10319: 10317: 10316: 10310: 10303: 10292: 10286: 10285: 10284: 10283: 10261: 10255: 10254: 10249:. Archived from 10243: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10228:, archived from 10223: 10207: 10201: 10200: 10188: 10182: 10181: 10161: 10155: 10154: 10152: 10142: 10126: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10115: 10100: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10071: 10065: 10064: 10062: 10051: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10026: 10020: 10015: 10009: 10004: 9998: 9993: 9987: 9980: 9974: 9969: 9963: 9962: 9950: 9944: 9939: 9933: 9927: 9921: 9920: 9914: 9899: 9889: 9883: 9882:, p. 228–9. 9877: 9871: 9865: 9859: 9854: 9848: 9843: 9837: 9832: 9826: 9821: 9815: 9810: 9804: 9803: 9791: 9785: 9784: 9772: 9766: 9761: 9755: 9754: 9743: 9737: 9730: 9724: 9719: 9704: 9698: 9692: 9691: 9689: 9687: 9672: 9666: 9661: 9655: 9649: 9643: 9639: 9628: 9622: 9621: 9610: 9604: 9603: 9583: 9574: 9563: 9557: 9547: 9541: 9540: 9538: 9536: 9521: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9510: 9495: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9484: 9469: 9442: 9423: 9381: 9379:Languages portal 9376: 9375: 9367: 9362: 9361: 9360: 9330: 9306: 9277: 9267:in Portuguese). 9265:luso-brasileiros 9223:foreign language 9086:Mário de Andrade 8920:florianopolitano 8859:Florianopolitano 8840:florianopolitano 8780:Adoniran Barbosa 8768:Sociolinguistics 8714: — Most of 8690:and southern of 8684:along the coasts 8660: 8639:Received English 8485: 8477: 8469: 8370:and the related 8368:língua brasílica 8182:that I love you, 8072: 8071: 8047:definite article 7788: 7780: 7772: 7764: 7757: 7756: 7668:A few cities in 7635:tu vai ao banco. 7510:in informal BP: 7482: 7278:Tu és burro, cal 7177:— Não falo, não. 7046:Celtic languages 7019: 6972:Senate of Brazil 6957: 6950: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6876: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6794: 6790: 6779: 6759: 6755: 6734: 6679: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6643: 6635: 6632:"three" becomes 6627: 6604: 6600: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6480: 6473: 6464: 6453: 6444: 6435: 6421: 6412: 6390: 6383: 6376: 6369: 6356: 6349: 6342: 6335: 6321: 6314: 6305: 6298: 6291: 6282: 6275: 6266: 6259: 6252: 6234: 6228: 6221: 6214: 6200: 6193: 6159: 6155: 5991:(operation) and 5985:close-mid vowels 5967: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5915: 5899: 5894: 5893: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5874: 5864: 5859: 5858: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5839: 5828: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5807: 5803: 5794: 5789: 5788: 5778: 5773: 5772: 5762: 5757: 5756: 5748: 5741: 5740: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5721: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5702: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5683: 5672: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5651: 5649:Oral diphthongs 5647: 5636: 5620: 5611: 5597: 5588: 5557: 5553: 5544: 5528: 5521: 5514: 5500: 5491: 5477: 5468: 5437: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5412:African dialects 5375:Senate of Brazil 5283:eu tinha cantado 5162:Contracted forms 5152:Folha de S.Paulo 5140:poderia se dizer 5103:("Look at me"), 5048:, as in Brazil. 4817:dá pra eu comer? 4811:use of the verb 4676:vem treinando-me 4672:me vem treinando 4668:vem me treinando 4548:nós táva(mos/mo) 4242:Cecília Meireles 4234:Graciliano Ramos 4115:Other influences 3734:, from Japanese 3689:Marietta Baderna 3306:is from English 3265:forró, forrobodó 2082:(19th century), 1842:("roast beef"), 1695:, or the calque 1578:delivery service 1517:(19th century), 848:Senate of Brazil 804:Portuguese world 755: 721:) is the set of 720: 698: 691: 684: 668: 667: 666: 464: 442: 441: 431: 422: 410: 396: 377: 347: 345: 344: 335: 333: 332: 323: 321: 320: 311: 309: 308: 299: 297: 296: 287:language in 276: 274: 273: 232: 85: 55: 49: 37: 36: 21: 15503: 15502: 15498: 15497: 15496: 15494: 15493: 15492: 15463: 15462: 15461: 15456: 15423: 15407: 15385:Pannonian Latin 15371:African Romance 15354: 15307: 15238: 15231: 15169:Judeo-Provençal 15042: 15031: 15008: 14957: 14867:Chilean Chilote 14809: 14695: 14636: 14632: 14629: 14618: 14606:Moselle Romance 14573: 14422:Missouri French 14383:Franco-Ontarian 14258: 14247: 14240: 13980: 13945: 13922:Southern Latian 13825: 13790:Maltese Italian 13722:Central Italian 13706: 13699: 13694:Common Romanian 13610: 13594:Italo-Dalmatian 13572: 13562: 13532: 13527: 13481: 13467: 13440: 13423: 13407: 13401: 13373: 13367: 13348: 13336: 13324: 13322:Serra amazônica 13312: 13300: 13288: 13226: 13220: 13182: 13176: 13171: 13141: 13136: 13045: 13019: 12979: 12908: 12880: 12847: 12824: 12746: 12713: 12605: 12572: 12499: 12461: 12370: 12364: 12324: 12303: 12298: 12268: 12263: 12250: 12243: 12236: 12223: 12096: 12082:Science fiction 12072:Public holidays 11988: 11949:Life expectancy 11877: 11859: 11828: 11760: 11736:Law enforcement 11657: 11643:Water resources 11623:Protected areas 11536: 11473: 11464: 11434: 11399: 11398: 11393: 11382: 11368: 11338: 11337: 11329: 11291: 11289: 11250: 11248: 11244: 11237: 11223: 11191: 11146: 11145: 11140: 11129: 11088: 11073: 11012: 10938: 10917: 10915: 10864: 10859: 10858: 10850: 10846: 10839: 10835: 10828: 10824: 10817: 10813: 10808:Mário A. Perini 10806: 10802: 10795: 10791: 10784: 10780: 10775:Mário A. Perini 10773: 10769: 10762: 10758: 10748: 10746: 10737: 10736: 10732: 10722: 10720: 10711: 10710: 10706: 10696: 10694: 10685: 10684: 10680: 10670: 10668: 10659: 10658: 10654: 10644: 10642: 10637: 10636: 10632: 10622: 10620: 10609: 10605: 10592: 10588: 10579: 10577: 10568: 10567: 10563: 10554: 10552: 10543: 10542: 10538: 10529: 10527: 10518: 10517: 10513: 10504: 10502: 10495: 10489: 10485: 10475: 10473: 10466: 10462: 10425: 10421: 10412: 10410: 10406: 10391: 10385: 10381: 10365: 10359: 10355: 10347: 10340: 10327: 10323: 10314: 10312: 10308: 10301: 10293: 10289: 10281: 10279: 10278:on 5 April 2014 10262: 10258: 10245: 10244: 10240: 10232: 10221: 10208: 10204: 10189: 10185: 10162: 10158: 10140: 10127: 10123: 10113: 10111: 10102: 10101: 10097: 10072: 10068: 10060: 10052: 10048: 10040: 10027: 10023: 10016: 10012: 10005: 10001: 9994: 9990: 9981: 9977: 9970: 9966: 9951: 9947: 9940: 9936: 9928: 9924: 9915:on 2015-11-29. 9912: 9897: 9890: 9886: 9878: 9874: 9866: 9862: 9855: 9851: 9844: 9840: 9833: 9829: 9822: 9818: 9811: 9807: 9792: 9788: 9773: 9769: 9762: 9758: 9745: 9744: 9740: 9731: 9727: 9720: 9707: 9699: 9695: 9685: 9683: 9674: 9673: 9669: 9662: 9658: 9650: 9646: 9630: 9629: 9625: 9612: 9611: 9607: 9600: 9584: 9577: 9567:"Archived copy" 9564: 9560: 9548: 9544: 9534: 9532: 9523: 9522: 9518: 9508: 9506: 9497: 9496: 9492: 9482: 9480: 9470: 9463: 9458: 9422:(in Portuguese) 9421: 9377: 9370: 9363: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9328: 9304: 9275: 9273: 9211:Brazilian music 9207: 9106: 9070: 9058:Mário A. Perini 9009: 8953:serra amazônica 8868:insular regions 8828:southern Brazil 8720:Northern Brazil 8418:debuccalization 8390:Colonial Brazil 8278: 8237: 8208: 8194: 8148: 8146:use of personal 8129: 8094:clitic pronouns 8092: 8083: 8078: 8067: 8055:esse é meu gato 8041:, and all over 8033:(starting from 7993: 7954: 7923: 7891: 7882: 7874: 7856: 7838: 7830: 7828: 7816: 7798: 7752: 7736:Caipira dialect 7734:(mostly in the 7595:state capital, 7465: 7454: 7448: 7396: 7390:(Don't smoke). 7258: 7098:yes–no question 7038: 7026: 6964: 6918: 6896:), the palatal 6871: 6842:"harmonic" is 6820: 6802:'to kill' with 6750: 6658: 6595: 6555: 6493: 6460: 6431: 6365: 6331: 6287: 6248: 6196: 6191: 6173: 6154: 6126: 6096: 6060:nasal consonant 6016:open-mid vowels 5890: 5871: 5855: 5836: 5824: 5817: 5785: 5769: 5753: 5737: 5718: 5699: 5680: 5668: 5661: 5428: 5396: 5340: 5241: 5232: 5204: 5164: 5065: 5060: 5054: 4980: 4966:, as in, e.g., 4896: 4891: 4862: 4738:Aonde você vai? 4724:preference for 4527: 4503: 4296: 4290: 4266:Antonio Candido 4250:José de Alencar 4205: 4172: 4137:Aranese Occitan 4117: 4105:cachorro-quente 3713:che me ne frega 3286:(cf. Eur.Port. 2839:(from German), 2713:robe de chambre 2541:enfant terrible 2312:stand-up comedy 2284:(web context), 1862:("arrowroot"), 1670:(advertising), 1344:Bantu languages 1332:filho mais novo 1253:("toothless"), 1155:, who used the 1086:Pindamonhangaba 1080:Itaquaquecetuba 1046: 1032: 884: 836:Torquato Jardim 797: 744: 702: 664: 662: 462: 436: 420: 406: 392: 373: 351: 342: 340: 339: 330: 328: 327: 318: 316: 315: 306: 304: 303: 294: 292: 288: 286: 271: 269: 266: 259:Official status 254: 233: 228: 204:Florianopolitan 163: 116:Western Romance 101:Latino-Faliscan 86: 83:Language family 81: 72: 71:Native speakers 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15501: 15491: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15458: 15457: 15455: 15454: 15447: 15438: 15428: 15425: 15424: 15422: 15421: 15415: 15413: 15409: 15408: 15406: 15405: 15404: 15403: 15398: 15388: 15381: 15374: 15366: 15364: 15360: 15359: 15356: 15355: 15353: 15352: 15351: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15324: 15315: 15313: 15309: 15308: 15306: 15305: 15304: 15303: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15273: 15272: 15271: 15266: 15256: 15255: 15254: 15243: 15241: 15233: 15232: 15230: 15229: 15228: 15227: 15226: 15225: 15211: 15210: 15209: 15204: 15194: 15193: 15192: 15182: 15177: 15172: 15165: 15164: 15163: 15156: 15151: 15146: 15136: 15126: 15125: 15124: 15123: 15122: 15117: 15109: 15104: 15101:Judaeo-Catalan 15097: 15096: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15084: 15083: 15078: 15068: 15060: 15047: 15045: 15037: 15036: 15033: 15032: 15030: 15029: 15023: 15016: 15014: 15010: 15009: 15007: 15006: 15005: 15004: 14990: 14985: 14984: 14983: 14973: 14965: 14963: 14959: 14958: 14956: 14955: 14948: 14947: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14930: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14908: 14907: 14890: 14889: 14888: 14883: 14882: 14881: 14871: 14870: 14869: 14856:Latin American 14852: 14847: 14835: 14833:Judaeo-Spanish 14830: 14825: 14819: 14817: 14811: 14810: 14808: 14807: 14800: 14799: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14787: 14786: 14774: 14773: 14772: 14760: 14755: 14748: 14736: 14729: 14724: 14723: 14722: 14711: 14705: 14703: 14697: 14696: 14694: 14693: 14686: 14681: 14680: 14679: 14669: 14664: 14663: 14662: 14651: 14649: 14640: 14624: 14623: 14620: 14619: 14617: 14616: 14609: 14602: 14601: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14578: 14575: 14574: 14572: 14571: 14570: 14569: 14564: 14554: 14553: 14552: 14547: 14537: 14532: 14527: 14522: 14521: 14520: 14515: 14510: 14505: 14504: 14503: 14496: 14495: 14494: 14484: 14479: 14462: 14457: 14456: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14435: 14434: 14433: 14426: 14425: 14424: 14419: 14418: 14417: 14407: 14402: 14401: 14400: 14395: 14390: 14385: 14380: 14379: 14378: 14373: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14352: 14351: 14346: 14328: 14323: 14311: 14306: 14301: 14300: 14299: 14294: 14284: 14279: 14274: 14269: 14263: 14261: 14250: 14242: 14241: 14239: 14238: 14237: 14236: 14226: 14219: 14218: 14217: 14216: 14215: 14210: 14205: 14204: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14172: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14146: 14141: 14140: 14139: 14124: 14123: 14122: 14117: 14102: 14097: 14096: 14095: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14044: 14043: 14042: 14041: 14036: 14026: 14025: 14024: 14019: 14003: 14001: 13992: 13986: 13985: 13982: 13981: 13979: 13978: 13976:Judaeo-Italian 13973: 13972: 13971: 13966: 13953: 13951: 13947: 13946: 13944: 13943: 13942: 13941: 13936: 13935: 13934: 13929: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13913: 13912: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13870: 13869: 13868: 13867: 13866: 13856: 13855: 13854: 13844: 13833: 13831: 13827: 13826: 13824: 13823: 13822: 13821: 13809: 13804: 13803: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13775: 13774: 13773: 13763: 13762: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13745: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13718: 13716: 13709: 13701: 13700: 13698: 13697: 13690: 13689: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13636: 13631: 13629:Istro-Romanian 13626: 13620: 13618: 13612: 13611: 13609: 13608: 13603: 13602: 13601: 13596: 13586: 13580: 13578: 13577:Major branches 13574: 13573: 13569:classification 13561: 13560: 13553: 13546: 13538: 13529: 13528: 13526: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13489: 13487: 13483: 13482: 13480: 13479: 13474: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13435: 13430: 13417: 13415: 13403: 13402: 13400: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13383: 13381: 13369: 13368: 13366: 13365: 13356: 13355: 13343: 13331: 13319: 13307: 13295: 13283: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13236: 13234: 13222: 13221: 13219: 13218: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13192: 13190: 13178: 13177: 13170: 13169: 13162: 13155: 13147: 13138: 13137: 13135: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13087:Haitian Creole 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13053: 13051: 13047: 13046: 13044: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13031:Brazilian Sign 13027: 13025: 13024:Sign languages 13021: 13020: 13018: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12991: 12989: 12988:Interlanguages 12985: 12984: 12981: 12980: 12978: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12916: 12914: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12890: 12888: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12878: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12857: 12855: 12849: 12848: 12846: 12845: 12840: 12834: 12832: 12826: 12825: 12823: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12756: 12754: 12748: 12747: 12745: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12729: 12723: 12721: 12715: 12714: 12712: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12615: 12613: 12607: 12606: 12604: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12582: 12580: 12574: 12573: 12571: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12550: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12509: 12507: 12501: 12500: 12498: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12471: 12469: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12383: 12381: 12372: 12366: 12365: 12363: 12362: 12361: 12360: 12350: 12345: 12344: 12343: 12332: 12330: 12326: 12325: 12323: 12322: 12317: 12311: 12309: 12305: 12304: 12297: 12296: 12289: 12282: 12274: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12261: 12256: 12249: 12248: 12241: 12233: 12232: 12229: 12228: 12225: 12224: 12222: 12221: 12220: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12183: 12182: 12177: 12172: 12171: 12170: 12160: 12159: 12158: 12151: 12144: 12137: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12106: 12104: 12098: 12097: 12095: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11998: 11996: 11990: 11989: 11987: 11986: 11981: 11976: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11895: 11889: 11883: 11882: 11879: 11878: 11876: 11875: 11873:Rail transport 11869: 11867: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11778: 11772: 11766: 11765: 11762: 11761: 11759: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11722: 11721: 11719:Women's rights 11716: 11711: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11675: 11669: 11663: 11662: 11659: 11658: 11656: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11608:Largest cities 11605: 11600: 11595: 11593:Extreme points 11590: 11589: 11588: 11578: 11573: 11572: 11571: 11569:Climate change 11561: 11556: 11550: 11544: 11538: 11537: 11535: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11483: 11481: 11475: 11474: 11463: 11462: 11455: 11448: 11440: 11433: 11432: 11421: 11412: 11371: 11366: 11351: 11327: 11316: 11307: 11296: 11275: 11264: 11255: 11228: 11214: 11205: 11194: 11189: 11174: 11159: 11122: 11093: 11066: 11039: 11028: 11016: 11010: 10995: 10975:(2): 227–232. 10960: 10951: 10931: 10922: 10900:10.2307/343564 10894:(4): 862–872, 10879: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10857: 10856: 10844: 10833: 10822: 10811: 10800: 10789: 10778: 10767: 10756: 10730: 10704: 10693:on 17 May 2016 10678: 10652: 10630: 10603: 10586: 10574:Rádio Itatiaia 10561: 10536: 10511: 10483: 10460: 10419: 10379: 10353: 10321: 10287: 10256: 10238: 10202: 10183: 10180:on 2013-09-26. 10156: 10121: 10095: 10066: 10046: 10021: 10010: 9999: 9988: 9975: 9964: 9945: 9934: 9922: 9884: 9872: 9860: 9857:Andrade (1973) 9849: 9838: 9827: 9816: 9805: 9786: 9767: 9756: 9738: 9732:Noll, Volker, 9725: 9705: 9701:Chilcote (1967 9693: 9667: 9656: 9644: 9623: 9605: 9598: 9575: 9558: 9554:Language Today 9542: 9516: 9490: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9453: 9452: 9447: 9436: 9431: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9383: 9382: 9368: 9352: 9349: 9272: 9271:Language codes 9269: 9206: 9203: 9194: 9193: 9189: 9186: 9183: 9179: 9175: 9171: 9167: 9159: 9158: 9155: 9152: 9149: 9146: 9143: 9140: 9137: 9105: 9102: 9094:Guimarães Rosa 9069: 9066: 9008: 9005: 9004: 9003: 8993: 8945: 8927: 8887: 8855: 8830:. The city of 8817: 8783: 8735: 8703: 8654: 8634:dialeto neutro 8629:Belo Horizonte 8564: 8532: 8497:Espírito Santo 8493:Rio de Janeiro 8479: 8445: 8405: 8364:decreolization 8356:Belo Horizonte 8311:United Kingdom 8277: 8274: 8273: 8272: 8269: 8255: 8254: 8251: 8236: 8230: 8229: 8228: 8225: 8207: 8202: 8193: 8190: 8169: 8168: 8160: 8152: 8142: 8141: 8119: 8105: 8104: 8096: 8086: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8066: 8063: 8043:Espírito Santo 8031:Rio de Janeiro 8012:Rio de Janeiro 7992: 7989: 7953: 7944: 7922: 7919: 7916: 7915: 7912: 7909: 7906: 7900: 7899: 7896: 7893: 7888: 7885: 7877: 7876: 7871: 7868: 7862: 7859: 7851: 7850: 7847: 7844: 7841: 7833: 7832: 7825: 7822: 7819: 7811: 7810: 7807: 7804: 7801: 7793: 7792: 7784: 7776: 7768: 7760: 7751: 7748: 7721:Espírito Santo 7696:and Amazonas, 7686:Santa Catarina 7651:Santa Catarina 7604:Rio de Janeiro 7487:(possessive), 7464: 7455: 7447: 7444: 7427: 7426: 7423: 7413: 7412: 7406: 7395: 7392: 7333: 7332: 7320: 7319: 7297: 7296: 7293: 7284: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7252: 7251:"No, I don't." 7249: 7240: 7239: 7238:(" speak not") 7207: 7206: 7203: 7200: 7195: 7186: 7185: 7182: 7179: 7174: 7094: 7093: 7090: 7081: 7080: 7075: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7037: 7034: 7025: 7022: 6963: 6960: 6917: 6914: 6879:Rio de Janeiro 6870: 6867: 6819: 6816: 6749: 6746: 6657: 6654: 6594: 6591: 6581:, "Babylon" ; 6559:palatalization 6554: 6551: 6524:Belo Horizonte 6520:Rio de Janeiro 6497:palatalization 6492: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6481: 6474: 6467: 6465: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6447: 6445: 6438: 6436: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6415: 6413: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6384: 6377: 6370: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6336: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6315: 6308: 6306: 6299: 6292: 6284: 6283: 6276: 6269: 6267: 6260: 6253: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6222: 6215: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6167: 6162: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6124: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6094: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 5939: 5938: 5924: 5907: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5895: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5860: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5822: 5814: 5813: 5810: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5790: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5774: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5758: 5750: 5749: 5744: 5742: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5715: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5696: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5678: 5674: 5673: 5666: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5644: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5630: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5614: 5612: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5591: 5589: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5538: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5522: 5515: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5494: 5492: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5471: 5469: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5427: 5424: 5395: 5392: 5339: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5325: 5317: 5316: 5310: 5291: 5290: 5277:past perfect: 5275: 5260: 5240: 5237: 5231: 5228: 5203: 5200: 5163: 5160: 5073:object pronoun 5064: 5061: 5056:Main article: 5053: 5050: 4979: 4976: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4861: 4858: 4857: 4856: 4852: 4832: 4806: 4779: 4752: 4741: 4722: 4679: 4652: 4637: 4614: 4599: 4584: 4566: 4555: 4526: 4523: 4502: 4499: 4497:("eggplant"). 4289: 4286: 4270:Autran Dourado 4204: 4203:Formal writing 4201: 4171: 4168: 4116: 4113: 4107:(from English 3860:(from English 3766:byó bu sukurín 3504:(from marshal 3392:(also spelled 3346:, from French 3330:, from French 2865:maître d'hôtel 2781:avant-première 2414: 2413: 2370:("cocktail"), 2364:picape/pick-up 2252:("blackout"), 2232:(hybrid, also 2222:make-up artist 1798: 1785:("knockout"), 1675: 1526: 1491:picape/pick-up 1481:, "sleeper"), 1366:), and (2) by 1340: 1339: 1308: 1289: 1266: 1257:("buttocks"), 1247: 1220: 1195: 1031: 1028: 998:Santa Catarina 958:Rio de Janeiro 883: 880: 796: 793: 704: 703: 701: 700: 693: 686: 678: 675: 674: 673: 672: 657: 656: 655: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 621: 620: 616: 615: 614: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 587: 586: 581: 576: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 530: 529: 525: 524: 523: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 474: 473: 469: 468: 458: 457: 451: 450: 438: 437: 432: 424: 423: 418: 412: 411: 404: 398: 397: 390: 382: 381: 378: 370: 369: 368:Language codes 365: 364: 359: 353: 352: 291: 289: 284: 281: 280: 267: 264: 261: 260: 256: 255: 253: 252: 247: 236: 234: 230:Writing system 227: 224: 223: 222: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 169: 165: 164: 162: 161: 160: 159: 158: 157: 156: 155: 154: 153: 152: 151: 150: 149: 148: 147: 146: 145: 144: 143: 89: 87: 80: 77: 76: 73: 70: 67: 66: 61: 60:Native to 57: 56: 42: 41: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15500: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15474: 15471: 15470: 15468: 15452: 15448: 15446: 15442: 15439: 15437: 15433: 15430: 15429: 15426: 15420: 15419:Proto-Romance 15417: 15416: 15414: 15412:Reconstructed 15410: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15393: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15386: 15382: 15380: 15379: 15378:British Latin 15375: 15373: 15372: 15368: 15367: 15365: 15361: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15334: 15331: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15322: 15321: 15317: 15316: 15314: 15310: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15278: 15277: 15274: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15261: 15260: 15257: 15253: 15250: 15249: 15248: 15245: 15244: 15242: 15240: 15234: 15224: 15223: 15219: 15218: 15217: 15216: 15212: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15199: 15198: 15197:Vivaro-Alpine 15195: 15191: 15188: 15187: 15186: 15183: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15170: 15166: 15162: 15161: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15141: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15131: 15130: 15127: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15112: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15102: 15098: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15073: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15063: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15055: 15054: 15053: 15049: 15048: 15046: 15044: 15038: 15027: 15024: 15021: 15018: 15017: 15015: 15011: 15003: 15002: 15001:Old Navarrese 14998: 14997: 14996: 14995: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14982: 14979: 14978: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14971: 14967: 14966: 14964: 14960: 14954: 14953: 14949: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14906: 14903: 14902: 14901: 14898: 14897: 14896: 14895: 14891: 14887: 14884: 14880: 14877: 14876: 14875: 14872: 14868: 14865: 14864: 14863: 14860: 14859: 14858: 14857: 14853: 14851: 14850:Equatoguinean 14848: 14846: 14843: 14842: 14841: 14840: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14820: 14818: 14816: 14812: 14806: 14805: 14801: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14785: 14782: 14781: 14780: 14779: 14775: 14771: 14768: 14767: 14766: 14765: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14753: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14743: 14742: 14741: 14737: 14735: 14734: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14720: 14717: 14716: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14706: 14704: 14702: 14698: 14692: 14691: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14678: 14675: 14674: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14661: 14658: 14657: 14656: 14653: 14652: 14650: 14648: 14644: 14641: 14638: 14631: 14625: 14615: 14614: 14610: 14608: 14607: 14603: 14599: 14596: 14594: 14591: 14589: 14586: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14579: 14576: 14568: 14565: 14563: 14560: 14559: 14558: 14555: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14543: 14542: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14502: 14501: 14497: 14493: 14490: 14489: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14477: 14473: 14472: 14471: 14468: 14467: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14440: 14439: 14436: 14432: 14431: 14427: 14423: 14420: 14416: 14413: 14412: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14399: 14396: 14394: 14391: 14389: 14386: 14384: 14381: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14368: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14341: 14340: 14337: 14336: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14318: 14317: 14316: 14312: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14304:Frainc-Comtou 14302: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14289: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14264: 14262: 14260: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14243: 14235: 14232: 14231: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14224: 14220: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14188: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14151: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14138: 14135: 14134: 14133: 14130: 14129: 14128: 14125: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14112: 14111: 14108: 14107: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14100:Judeo-Italian 14098: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14065: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14031: 14030: 14027: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14014: 14013: 14010: 14009: 14008: 14005: 14004: 14002: 14000: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13987: 13977: 13974: 13970: 13967: 13965: 13964: 13960: 13959: 13958: 13955: 13954: 13952: 13948: 13940: 13937: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13911: 13908: 13907: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13895:Castelmezzano 13893: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883: 13882: 13881: 13880: 13876: 13875: 13874: 13871: 13865: 13862: 13861: 13860: 13857: 13853: 13850: 13849: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13839: 13838: 13835: 13834: 13832: 13828: 13820: 13817: 13816: 13815: 13814: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13801: 13800:Swiss Italian 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13782: 13781: 13780: 13776: 13772: 13769: 13768: 13767: 13764: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13729: 13728: 13725: 13724: 13723: 13720: 13719: 13717: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13702: 13696: 13695: 13691: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13681:Transylvanian 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13642: 13641: 13640:Daco-Romanian 13637: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13621: 13619: 13617: 13613: 13607: 13604: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13592: 13591: 13590: 13589:Italo-Western 13587: 13585: 13582: 13581: 13579: 13575: 13570: 13566: 13559: 13554: 13552: 13547: 13545: 13540: 13539: 13536: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13484: 13478: 13475: 13471: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13444: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13427: 13422: 13419: 13418: 13416: 13412: 13404: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13387:East Timorese 13385: 13384: 13382: 13378: 13370: 13364: 13361: 13358: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13344: 13340: 13335: 13332: 13328: 13323: 13320: 13316: 13311: 13308: 13304: 13299: 13296: 13292: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13238: 13237: 13235: 13231: 13223: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13193: 13191: 13187: 13179: 13175: 13168: 13163: 13161: 13156: 13154: 13149: 13148: 13145: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13054: 13052: 13048: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13028: 13026: 13022: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12992: 12990: 12986: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12917: 12915: 12911: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12891: 12889: 12887: 12883: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12858: 12856: 12854: 12850: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12835: 12833: 12831: 12827: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12757: 12755: 12753: 12749: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12724: 12722: 12720: 12716: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12616: 12614: 12612: 12608: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12583: 12581: 12579: 12575: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12506: 12502: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12472: 12470: 12468: 12464: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12384: 12382: 12380: 12376: 12373: 12367: 12359: 12356: 12355: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12342: 12339: 12338: 12337: 12334: 12333: 12331: 12327: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12312: 12310: 12306: 12302: 12295: 12290: 12288: 12283: 12281: 12276: 12275: 12272: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12251: 12246: 12242: 12239: 12235: 12234: 12230: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12204: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12181: 12180:Protestantism 12178: 12176: 12173: 12168: 12164: 12163: 12161: 12156: 12152: 12149: 12145: 12142: 12138: 12135: 12131: 12130: 12129: 12126: 12125: 12124:Christianity 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12107: 12105: 12103: 12099: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11999: 11997: 11995: 11991: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11964:States by HDI 11962: 11960: 11959:Social issues 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11896: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11884: 11874: 11871: 11870: 11868: 11866: 11862: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11779: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11767: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11706: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11676: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11664: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11587: 11584: 11583: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11570: 11567: 11566: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11551: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11539: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11476: 11472: 11468: 11461: 11456: 11454: 11449: 11447: 11442: 11441: 11438: 11429: 11428: 11422: 11418: 11413: 11409: 11403: 11396:on 2016-03-04 11392: 11388: 11381: 11379: 11372: 11369: 11367:9780486148069 11363: 11359: 11358: 11352: 11348: 11342: 11334: 11333: 11328: 11324: 11323: 11317: 11313: 11308: 11304: 11303: 11297: 11288:on 2012-09-06 11287: 11283: 11282: 11276: 11272: 11271: 11265: 11261: 11256: 11247:on 2008-12-19 11243: 11236: 11235: 11229: 11222: 11221: 11215: 11211: 11206: 11202: 11201: 11195: 11192: 11190:9780521359405 11186: 11182: 11181: 11175: 11172:on 2009-02-28 11171: 11167: 11166: 11160: 11156: 11150: 11143:on 2011-09-03 11139: 11135: 11128: 11123: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11107: 11103: 11099: 11094: 11091:on 2015-01-12 11087: 11083: 11079: 11072: 11067: 11062: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11045: 11040: 11036: 11035: 11029: 11025: 11021: 11017: 11013: 11007: 11003: 11002: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10974: 10970: 10966: 10961: 10957: 10952: 10948: 10944: 10937: 10932: 10928: 10923: 10914:on 2006-02-12 10913: 10909: 10905: 10901: 10897: 10893: 10889: 10885: 10880: 10876: 10872: 10867: 10866: 10854: 10848: 10842: 10837: 10831: 10826: 10820: 10815: 10809: 10804: 10798: 10793: 10787: 10782: 10776: 10771: 10765: 10760: 10744: 10740: 10734: 10718: 10714: 10708: 10692: 10688: 10682: 10666: 10662: 10656: 10640: 10634: 10618: 10614: 10607: 10600: 10596: 10590: 10575: 10571: 10565: 10550: 10546: 10540: 10525: 10521: 10515: 10501: 10494: 10487: 10471: 10464: 10456: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10438: 10434: 10430: 10423: 10409:on 2017-10-11 10405: 10401: 10397: 10390: 10383: 10375: 10371: 10364: 10357: 10350:on 2014-02-01 10346: 10338: 10334: 10333: 10325: 10311:on 2017-10-11 10307: 10300: 10299: 10291: 10277: 10273: 10269: 10268: 10260: 10252: 10248: 10242: 10231: 10227: 10219: 10215: 10214: 10206: 10198: 10194: 10187: 10179: 10175: 10171: 10167: 10160: 10151: 10146: 10138: 10134: 10133: 10125: 10109: 10105: 10099: 10090: 10085: 10081: 10077: 10070: 10059: 10058: 10050: 10038: 10034: 10033: 10025: 10019: 10014: 10008: 10007:Santos (2010) 10003: 9997: 9992: 9985: 9979: 9973: 9968: 9960: 9956: 9949: 9943: 9938: 9931: 9926: 9919: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9895: 9888: 9881: 9876: 9869: 9864: 9858: 9853: 9847: 9842: 9836: 9831: 9825: 9824:Orsini (2004) 9820: 9814: 9813:Pontes (1987) 9809: 9801: 9797: 9796:"O dito-cujo" 9790: 9782: 9778: 9771: 9765: 9760: 9752: 9748: 9742: 9735: 9729: 9723: 9718: 9716: 9714: 9712: 9710: 9702: 9697: 9681: 9677: 9671: 9665: 9660: 9653: 9648: 9642: 9637: 9633: 9627: 9619: 9615: 9609: 9601: 9595: 9591: 9590: 9582: 9580: 9572: 9568: 9562: 9555: 9551: 9546: 9530: 9526: 9520: 9504: 9500: 9494: 9479: 9475: 9468: 9466: 9461: 9451: 9448: 9445: 9441: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9426: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9384: 9380: 9374: 9369: 9366: 9365:Brazil portal 9355: 9348: 9346: 9342: 9339:, defined by 9338: 9334: 9333:language code 9326: 9324: 9320: 9319:ISO standards 9317:, defined by 9316: 9315: 9310: 9309:language code 9302: 9299: 9297: 9293: 9289: 9288:ISO standards 9286:, defined by 9285: 9281: 9280:language code 9268: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9253: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9226: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9212: 9202: 9200: 9190: 9187: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9174:now and then. 9172: 9168: 9164: 9163: 9162: 9156: 9153: 9150: 9147: 9144: 9141: 9138: 9135: 9134: 9133: 9130: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9113: 9110: 9101: 9099: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9078: 9074: 9065: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9053: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9036: 9034: 9026: 9021: 9013: 9001: 8997: 8994: 8991: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8975: 8971: 8967: 8963: 8959: 8955: 8954: 8949: 8946: 8943: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8928: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8901: 8897: 8893: 8892: 8888: 8885: 8881: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8865: 8864:Florianópolis 8861: 8860: 8856: 8853: 8849: 8845: 8841: 8837: 8836:Florianópolis 8833: 8829: 8825: 8821: 8818: 8815: 8811: 8807: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8791: 8787: 8784: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8740: 8736: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8704: 8701: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8664: 8659: 8655: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8635: 8630: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8607: 8602: 8598: 8594: 8590: 8586: 8582: 8578: 8574: 8570: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8546: 8543:, similar to 8542: 8538: 8537: 8533: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8518: 8514: 8510: 8506: 8502: 8498: 8494: 8490: 8489: 8484: 8480: 8475: 8467: 8461: 8457: 8454:. Similar to 8453: 8449: 8446: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8386: 8381: 8377: 8376:lingua franca 8373: 8369: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8353: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8321: 8320: 8316: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8308: 8307:United States 8304: 8300: 8295: 8291: 8282: 8270: 8267: 8264: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8252: 8249: 8248:Fui na praça. 8246: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8234: 8226: 8223: 8220: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8212: 8206: 8201: 8199: 8189: 8185: 8183: 8179: 8178: 8177:que eu te amo 8167: 8166:"I saw she." 8164: 8159: 8158:"I her saw." 8156: 8151: 8147: 8144: 8143: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8127: 8123: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8103: 8100: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8084:(colloquial) 8081: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8070: 8062: 8058: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8032: 8027: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8008: 8006: 8002: 7998: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7959: 7952: 7948: 7943: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7929: 7913: 7910: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7897: 7894: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7879: 7878: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7853: 7852: 7848: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7834: 7826: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7812: 7808: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7794: 7791: 7785: 7783: 7777: 7775: 7769: 7767: 7761: 7759: 7758: 7755: 7747: 7745: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7728: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7705: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7671: 7666: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7653:, and in the 7652: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7627: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7600: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7585: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7523: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7506:with subject 7505: 7500: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7463: 7459: 7453: 7443: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7424: 7421: 7418: 7417: 7416: 7411:'that (one)' 7410: 7407: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7399: 7391: 7389: 7385: 7379: 7376: 7375:present tense 7373: 7368: 7366: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7330: 7328: 7322: 7321: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7276: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7268: 7263: 7250: 7247: 7246: 7245: 7244: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7231: 7227: 7225: 7221: 7219: 7215: 7210: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7189: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7168: 7167: 7163: 7161: 7156: 7154: 7150: 7145: 7143: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7128: 7126: 7121: 7120: 7116: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7103: 7099: 7091: 7088: 7087: 7086: 7085: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7055: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7047: 7043: 7033: 7031: 7021: 7018: 7013: 7012:second-person 7009: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6968: 6959: 6954: 6947: 6913: 6895: 6891: 6886: 6884: 6880: 6866: 6864: 6860: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6805: 6804:matar o tempo 6801: 6796: 6785: 6783: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6745: 6742: 6738: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6675: 6653: 6651: 6647: 6639: 6631: 6628:. Similarly, 6623: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6590: 6589:, "sandal" . 6588: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6560: 6550: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6535: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6516: 6514: 6498: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6475: 6472: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6459: 6458: 6455: 6452: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6385: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6351: 6348: 6344: 6341: 6337: 6334: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6313: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6300: 6297: 6293: 6290: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6258: 6254: 6251: 6247: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6227: 6223: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6190: 6189: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6160: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6127: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6004: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5973: 5971: 5965: 5959: 5954: 5952: 5946: 5944: 5933: 5925: 5919: 5911: 5910: 5901: 5896: 5889: 5888: 5882: 5877: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5861: 5854: 5853: 5847: 5842: 5835: 5831: 5823: 5816: 5815: 5808: 5802: 5796: 5791: 5784: 5783: 5780: 5775: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5759: 5752: 5751: 5745: 5743: 5736: 5735: 5729: 5724: 5717: 5716: 5710: 5705: 5698: 5697: 5691: 5686: 5679: 5675: 5667: 5660: 5659: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5638: 5635: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5555:Nasal vowels 5552: 5546: 5543: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5520: 5516: 5513: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5423: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5365: 5360: 5353: 5349: 5346:Books on the 5344: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5318: 5315: 5311: 5309:(he had sung) 5308: 5304: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5296: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5274:+ infinitive) 5273: 5269: 5265: 5262:conditional: 5261: 5259:+ infinitive) 5258: 5254: 5253:eu vou cantar 5250: 5246: 5245: 5244: 5236: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5220:Jânio Quadros 5217: 5213: 5212:Eu dar-lhe-ia 5209: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5069: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5003: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4989: 4983: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4948: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4883: 4878: 4871: 4866: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4797:("hide it"), 4796: 4792: 4789:). Examples: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4750: 4746: 4745:Cadê o carro? 4742: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4597: 4593: 4590:or even just 4589: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4576:("to have"): 4575: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4554:("we were")); 4553: 4552:nós estávamos 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4531: 4522: 4518: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4498: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4471: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4453:) or closed ( 4452: 4448: 4445:may be open ( 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4421:, such as BP 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4372: 4370: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4285: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4274:Rubem Fonseca 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4217: 4212: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4192: 4188: 4186: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4081:tai chi chuan 4077: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4024:("grandma"); 4023: 4019: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4008: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3993: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3858: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3528: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3420:, Osterbaum, 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3328:hora de ponta 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2549:patati-patata 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2497:boîte de nuit 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2425:hors-concours 2421: 2419: 2411: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2360:monster truck 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2340:backing vocal 2337: 2333: 2332: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2234:brilho labial 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2076:leather (dad) 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2001: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1886:("boycott"), 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1753:(Formula 1), 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1715: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1603:merchandising 1599: 1595: 1591: 1590:telemarketing 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1205: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1081: 1076: 1075:Tupi language 1071: 1068: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1052: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 950: 948: 947:Lingua Franca 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 896:lingua franca 893: 889: 876: 871: 864: 860: 856: 849: 844: 837: 833: 829: 824: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 792: 790: 785: 783: 780:In 1990, the 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 742: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 719: 714: 711:(Portuguese: 710: 699: 694: 692: 687: 685: 680: 679: 677: 676: 671: 661: 660: 659: 658: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 624: 623: 622: 618: 617: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 571: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 533: 532: 531: 527: 526: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 477: 476: 475: 471: 470: 460: 459: 456: 453: 452: 448: 444: 443: 435: 430: 425: 419: 417: 413: 409: 405: 403: 399: 395: 391: 389: 388: 383: 379: 376: 371: 366: 363: 360: 358: 354: 350: 338: 326: 314: 302: 301:French Guiana 290: 282: 279: 268: 262: 257: 251: 248: 245: 241: 238: 237: 235: 231: 225: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 171: 170: 166: 142: 139: 138: 137: 134: 133: 132: 129: 128: 127: 124: 123: 122: 121:Ibero-Romance 119: 118: 117: 114: 113: 112: 109: 108: 107: 104: 103: 102: 99: 98: 97: 94: 93: 92: 91:Indo-European 88: 84: 78: 74: 68: 65: 62: 58: 54: 48: 43: 38: 33: 19: 15440: 15431: 15383: 15376: 15369: 15318: 15220: 15213: 15175:Languedocien 15167: 15160:Judeo-Gascon 15158: 15099: 15050: 15020:Barranquenho 14999: 14992: 14968: 14950: 14892: 14854: 14837: 14828:Extremaduran 14802: 14776: 14763: 14762: 14750: 14738: 14731: 14688: 14647:Asturleonese 14611: 14604: 14562:West Walloon 14550:Saintongeais 14498: 14474: 14470:Anglo-Norman 14428: 14361:Newfoundland 14321:Jersey Legal 14313: 14221: 14186:Southwestern 14169:Vallassinese 14058:Gallo-Picene 13999:Gallo-Italic 13961: 13877: 13872: 13811: 13777: 13692: 13638: 13465:Transmontano 13359: 13240: 13239: 13230:Pan-American 13225:Pan-American 13201:Cape Verdean 13050:Non-official 13036:Ka'apor Sign 12619:Akwẽ-Xerénte 12412:Enawenê-Nawê 12314: 11969:Unemployment 11919:Demographics 11797:Central Bank 11704:Human rights 11684:Constitution 11554:Amazon basin 11426: 11416: 11391:the original 11386: 11377: 11356: 11331: 11321: 11311: 11301: 11290:, retrieved 11286:the original 11280: 11269: 11259: 11249:, retrieved 11242:the original 11233: 11219: 11209: 11199: 11179: 11170:the original 11164: 11138:the original 11133: 11104:(2): 90–94. 11101: 11097: 11086:the original 11081: 11077: 11051: 11047: 11033: 11023: 11020: 11000: 10972: 10968: 10955: 10946: 10942: 10926: 10916:, retrieved 10912:the original 10891: 10887: 10874: 10862:Bibliography 10847: 10836: 10825: 10814: 10803: 10792: 10781: 10770: 10759: 10749:25 September 10747:. Retrieved 10743:the original 10739:"Fala NORTE" 10733: 10723:25 September 10721:. Retrieved 10717:the original 10707: 10697:25 September 10695:. Retrieved 10691:the original 10681: 10669:. Retrieved 10664: 10655: 10643:. Retrieved 10633: 10621:. Retrieved 10617:the original 10606: 10598: 10594: 10589: 10578:. Retrieved 10573: 10564: 10553:. Retrieved 10548: 10539: 10528:. Retrieved 10523: 10514: 10503:. Retrieved 10499: 10486: 10474:. Retrieved 10463: 10439:(2): 59–89. 10436: 10432: 10422: 10411:. Retrieved 10404:the original 10399: 10395: 10382: 10373: 10369: 10356: 10345:the original 10336: 10331: 10324: 10313:. Retrieved 10306:the original 10297: 10290: 10280:, retrieved 10276:the original 10271: 10266: 10259: 10251:the original 10241: 10230:the original 10217: 10212: 10205: 10196: 10192: 10186: 10178:the original 10173: 10169: 10159: 10136: 10131: 10124: 10112:. Retrieved 10108:the original 10098: 10079: 10075: 10069: 10056: 10049: 10036: 10031: 10024: 10013: 10002: 9991: 9983: 9978: 9967: 9958: 9948: 9937: 9925: 9916: 9910:the original 9905: 9901: 9887: 9875: 9863: 9852: 9846:Cunha (2010) 9841: 9835:Vasco (2003) 9830: 9819: 9808: 9799: 9789: 9780: 9770: 9759: 9750: 9741: 9733: 9728: 9696: 9684:. Retrieved 9679: 9670: 9659: 9647: 9640: 9635: 9626: 9617: 9608: 9588: 9561: 9553: 9545: 9533:. Retrieved 9528: 9519: 9507:. Retrieved 9502: 9499:"Portuguese" 9493: 9481:. Retrieved 9477: 9336: 9327: 9312: 9303: 9300: 9283: 9274: 9264: 9254: 9227: 9208: 9198: 9195: 9160: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9107: 9097: 9089: 9081: 9079: 9075: 9071: 9061: 9056: 9037: 9030: 8995: 8985: 8981: 8977: 8973: 8969: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8951: 8947: 8941: 8937: 8929: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8911: 8899: 8889: 8883: 8879: 8875: 8857: 8843: 8839: 8819: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8785: 8764:low prestige 8755: 8751: 8737: 8723: 8718:states i.e. 8716:Amazon Basin 8708: 8705: 8671: 8662: 8650: 8633: 8624: 8610: 8604: 8596: 8593:18th Century 8588: 8580: 8576: 8573:Minas Gerais 8566: 8552: 8544: 8534: 8528: 8520: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8501:Minas Gerais 8487: 8455: 8447: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8421: 8412: 8408: 8385:bandeirantes 8383: 8362:appeared by 8359: 8351: 8339: 8328:Minas Gerais 8317: 8287: 8265: 8258: 8256: 8247: 8240: 8238: 8232: 8221: 8214: 8210: 8209: 8204: 8197: 8195: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8165: 8162: 8157: 8154: 8149: 8145: 8138: 8134: 8131:Me responde! 8130: 8125: 8122:Me responda! 8121: 8116: 8112: 8109:Responda-me! 8108: 8101: 8098: 8093: 8090:placement of 8089: 8068: 8059: 8054: 8050: 8039:Minas Gerais 8028: 8023: 8020:Minha novela 8019: 8009: 8004: 8000: 7994: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7974: 7969: 7965: 7961: 7957: 7955: 7950: 7946: 7939: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7924: 7903: 7880: 7865: 7854: 7836: 7814: 7796: 7789:(colloquial) 7787: 7779: 7773:(colloquial) 7771: 7763: 7753: 7743: 7739: 7731: 7729: 7717:Minas Gerais 7712: 7706: 7701: 7697: 7681: 7677: 7667: 7634: 7630: 7628: 7623: 7619: 7611: 7607: 7601: 7586: 7581: 7577: 7565: 7561: 7559: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7534: 7533:, the forms 7530: 7526: 7524: 7519: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7501: 7496: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7466: 7461: 7457: 7439: 7436:Pega essa aí 7435: 7431: 7428: 7419: 7414: 7408: 7402: 7397: 7387: 7383: 7380: 7369: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7334: 7326: 7324: 7316: 7311: 7309: 7301: 7298: 7288: 7286: 7279: 7277: 7270: 7266: 7259: 7242: 7241: 7235: 7229: 7228: 7223: 7222: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7176: 7171: 7165: 7164: 7159: 7157: 7152: 7148: 7146: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7131: 7129: 7124: 7122: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7102:tag question 7095: 7083: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7041: 7039: 7027: 7005: 6980:Constitution 6952: 6945: 6919: 6887: 6872: 6862: 6858: 6856: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6821: 6818:Nasalization 6807: 6803: 6799: 6797: 6786: 6751: 6740: 6736: 6730: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6659: 6649: 6645: 6637: 6629: 6621: 6619: 6614: 6606: 6596: 6586: 6585:, "lemon" ; 6582: 6578: 6577:, "girl" ; 6574: 6556: 6536: 6517: 6512: 6494: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6056:archiphoneme 6040: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023:nasalization 6020: 6005: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5987:and . Thus, 5974: 5969: 5955: 5950: 5947: 5940: 5931: 5917: 5833:Start point 5677:Start point 5435:Oral vowels 5400:conservative 5397: 5333: 5328: 5321: 5313: 5306: 5298: 5294: 5292: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5242: 5233: 5223: 5216:Eu lhe daria 5215: 5211: 5205: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5165: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5109: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5080: 5070: 5066: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5031: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5004: 4994: 4993: 4990:+ infinitive 4987: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4897: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4793:("say it"), 4790: 4782: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4748: 4744: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4718: 4714: 4711:xo vê/xeu vê 4710: 4707:deixa eu ver 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4558: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4519: 4504: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4472: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4404: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4262:Castro Alves 4220: 4216:Camões Prize 4213: 4206: 4197:Hunsrückisch 4196: 4193: 4189: 4173: 4160:nativization 4157: 4133: 4120: 4118: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4090: 4085: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3740: 3731: 3725: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3665:caro/a mio/a 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3518: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3462:doppelgänger 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3434:Kindergarten 3433: 3429: 3426:Schützenfest 3417: 3397: 3396:from French 3393: 3385: 3367: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3340:hora do rush 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3324:savoir-faire 3323: 3319: 3315: 3314:is from Fr. 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3280:atterrissage 3279: 3276:aterrissagem 3275: 3273: 3269:faux-bourdon 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2609:femme fatale 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2525:petit gâteau 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2422: 2415: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2394:(cultural), 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2300:photobombing 2299: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2230:gloss labial 2229: 2226:hair stylist 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2200:("tuxedo"), 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2112:street dance 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2031: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2004: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1854:, (protein) 1851: 1848:banana split 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1801: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1737:("team," ), 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1696: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1582:self service 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1467:home theater 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1411: 1388: 1346:(above all, 1341: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1315: 1311: 1304: 1296: 1292: 1285: 1279: 1273: 1269: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1241: 1236: 1230: 1223: 1216: 1208: 1202: 1198: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1173: 1164: 1158:Língua Geral 1156: 1140: 1132: 1124: 1116: 1108: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1084: 1078: 1072: 1064:West African 1060:Tupi–Guarani 1047: 1021: 1010: 951: 939:Língua Geral 924: 916:colonization 892:Língua Geral 885: 832:Michel Temer 786: 779: 760: 708: 707: 632:Coat of arms 611:Video gaming 541:Architecture 480:Demographics 402:Linguasphere 385: 140: 126:West-Iberian 15396:Campidanese 15222:Old Catalan 15215:Old Occitan 14952:Old Spanish 14886:Rioplatense 14690:Old Leonese 14518:Cotentinais 14482:Guernésiais 14405:Frenchville 14398:New England 14277:Bourbonnais 14229:Piedmontese 14223:Old Lombard 14115:Bergamasque 14039:Sammarinese 13468: [ 13441: [ 13424: [ 13349: [ 13337: [ 13334:Brasiliense 13325: [ 13313: [ 13301: [ 13289: [ 13062:Vlax Romani 13041:Terena Sign 13005:Macarrônico 12886:Nambikwaran 12644:Djeoromitxí 12128:Catholicism 12042:Malandragem 12007:Archaeology 11934:Immigration 11840:Stock index 11782:Agriculture 11581:Environment 11165:Você sabia? 10871:"Confissão" 10549:Noticias R7 10476:27 November 10018:Mota (2008) 9930:Bisol (2005 8930:Brasiliense 8916:norma culta 8450:— Found in 8413:Costa norte 8398:stigmatized 8330:, northern 8049:, but both 8005:o meu livro 7911:te pareces 7839:subjunctive 7562:eu amo você 7518:instead of 7372:subjunctive 7243:Translation 7236:— Falo não. 7084:Translation 6984:temperature 6942:/ʃ,ʒ,ɲ,ʎ,j/ 6624:"voice" is 6611:homophonous 6511:. The word 6400:Approximant 5420:triphthongs 5285:(compound, 5270:(compound, 5264:eu cantaria 5255:(compound, 5249:eu cantarei 5230:Preferences 4978:Progressive 4925:anacoluthon 4827:instead of 4787:French 'en' 4774:instead of 4766:instead of 4747:instead of 4736:instead of 4664:disseram-me 4660:me disseram 4654:obligatory 4594:instead of 4561:instead of 4546:("he is"), 4258:Jorge Amado 4101:gratte-ciel 4097:arranha-céu 4048:; and some 3627:andiamo via 3615:incavolarsi 3494:ein Kranker 3410:Oktoberfest 3406:sauerbraten 3249:rendez-vous 3201:calandragem 3143:(Occitan), 2785:avant-garde 2777:garde-nappe 2673:tête-à-tête 2665:jeu de mots 2657:bonbonnière 2545:garçonnière 2537:enfant gâté 2392:underground 2274:best-seller 2266:blockbuster 2242:pó de arroz 2182:cueca boxer 2108:break dance 2038:after hours 1838:("steak"), 1820:jam session 1779:match point 1743:jockey club 1542:fundo hedge 1530:commodities 1513:("winch"), 1489:("brake"), 1463:home office 1378:, and Jeje/ 1295:("beads"), 1014:Amerindians 642:Miss Brazil 500:Immigration 15467:Categories 15443:indicates 15401:Logudorese 14934:Philippine 14900:Andalusian 14894:Peninsular 14784:Estremenho 14740:Portuguese 14667:Cantabrian 14500:Law French 14492:Sercquiais 14326:Meridional 14287:Champenois 14282:Burgundian 14093:Tabarchino 14083:Monégasque 14022:Parmigiano 13879:Neapolitan 13852:Manduriano 13819:Florentine 13686:Wallachian 13656:Bukovinian 13460:Oliventine 13450:Estremenho 13281:Paulistano 13246:Amazofonia 13216:São Tomean 13211:Mozambican 13000:Lanc-Patuá 12899:Nambikwara 12830:Chapacuran 12805:Tenetehara 12679:Mẽbêngôkre 12639:Chiquitano 12548:Pará Arára 12533:Hixkaryana 12369:Indigenous 12341:Pomeranian 12315:Portuguese 12167:Antiochian 12092:Television 12062:Newspapers 12037:Literature 11909:Corruption 11904:Censorship 11829:(currency) 11699:Government 11292:2008-12-09 11251:2008-10-30 10918:2005-11-05 10595:nordestino 10580:2024-09-15 10555:2024-09-15 10530:2024-09-15 10505:2024-09-15 10413:2017-07-29 10376:: 166–175. 10315:2017-07-29 10282:2013-04-19 10089:10482/3255 9680:Ethnologue 9664:Lee (2005) 9652:Holm (1989 9535:11 January 9509:11 January 9456:References 9429:Wiktionary 9407:CELPE-Bras 9284:Portuguese 9257:Amerindian 9238:bossa nova 9040:Amerindian 8998:— used in 8990:deforested 8986:fluminense 8974:nordestino 8970:amazofonia 8964:and often 8938:fluminense 8932:— used in 8900:fluminense 8896:sociolects 8880:fluminense 8810:nordestino 8739:Paulistano 8724:nordestino 8711:Amazofonia 8663:Nordestino 8612:geraizeiro 8577:fluminense 8529:fluminense 8519:, however 8513:Fluminense 8505:Fluminense 8488:Fluminense 8456:nordestino 8442:nordestino 8438:nordestino 8434:nordestino 8430:amazofonia 8422:fluminense 8380:Centro-Sul 8180:"You know 8163:Eu vi ela. 8099:Eu te amo. 7908:se parece 7895:não fales 7890:não fale, 7881:Imperative 7855:Imperative 7817:indicative 7799:indicative 7781:(standard) 7765:(standard) 7690:Pernambuco 7655:Amazofonia 7643:Pernambuco 7582:eu lhe amo 7574:Pernambuco 7450:See also: 7256:Imperative 6890:Pernambuco 6863:manhãzinha 6854:for both. 6674:epenthetic 6617:"more"). 6513:presidente 6198:labialized 6152:Consonants 6048:Hindi-Urdu 5935:/feˈʁejɾu/ 5416:diphthongs 5281:(simple), 5279:eu cantara 5266:(simple), 5251:(simple), 5202:Mesoclisis 5196:ela deu-mo 5089:ele viu-me 5081:ele me viu 4900:linguistic 4809:impersonal 4795:esconde aí 4611:você canta 4568:replacing 4491:berinjela 4095:, such as 3870:dekassegui 3848:shichissei 3638:tarantella 3623:engambelar 3591:ecco fatto 3514:schottisch 3430:hinterland 3422:Bauernfest 3414:biergarten 3402:wurstsalat 3398:choucroute 3390:sauerkraut 3257:à la carte 3209:coqueluche 3157:maquilagem 3153:flamboyant 3145:escamotear 3129:torniquete 2881:rôtisserie 2877:coq au vin 2841:guilhotina 2833:camuflagem 2825:parlamento 2821:grand prix 2717:déshabillé 2701:pâtisserie 2641:bon-vivant 2637:de bom tom 2577:burocracia 2529:pot-pourri 2465:cavanhaque 2418:Lusosphere 2356:food truck 2258:sex symbol 2246:playground 2186:cueca slip 2120:hang loose 2116:free style 2088:convescote 2084:piquenique 2042:drag queen 2033:striptease 2027:sex appeal 2010:rockabilly 1896:happy hour 1717:("goal"), 1644:food truck 1586:drive-thru 1370:, notably 1320:joker card 1272:("well"), 1265:("mumps"); 1261:("lame"), 1023:Ethnologue 806:including 729:native to 584:Television 566:Literature 219:Fluminense 214:Curitibano 209:Paulistano 174:Amazofonia 136:Portuguese 15451:varieties 15434:indicate 15391:Sardinian 15348:Triestine 15296:Sursilvan 15207:Mentonasc 15185:Provençal 15134:Auvergnat 15120:Valencian 15076:Mallorcan 15066:Algherese 15041:Occitano- 14988:Navarrese 14976:Aragonese 14912:Castilian 14815:Castilian 14791:Uruguayan 14764:Brazilian 14727:Minderico 14721:/Eonavian 14684:Mirandese 14598:Valdôtain 14584:/Arpitan 14525:Orléanais 14476:Auregnais 14460:Mayennais 14410:Louisiana 14292:Ardennais 14272:Berrichon 14078:Intemelio 14034:Forlivese 14017:Bolognese 13963:Dalmatian 13927:Tarantino 13890:Benevento 13847:Salentino 13807:Sassarese 13771:Gallurese 13754:Romanesco 13707:Dalmatian 13671:Moldavian 13666:Maramureș 13624:Aromanian 13518:Phonology 13433:Alentejan 13363:Uruguayan 13346:Recifense 13286:Sertanejo 13241:Brazilian 13067:Hungarian 12790:Nheengatu 12785:Munduruku 12775:Kagwahiva 12694:Rikbaktsa 12591:Kashinawa 12447:Wapishana 12387:Asháninka 12371:languages 12212:Quimbanda 12207:Candomblé 12077:Sculpture 12052:Mythology 12002:Animation 11944:Languages 11924:Education 11865:Transport 11726:Judiciary 11689:Elections 11638:Time Zone 11613:Mountains 11576:Coastline 11542:Geography 11118:249414876 10991:201046105 10786:L-variant 10455:2237-2083 10150:1884/3955 9323:ISO 639-3 9292:ISO 639-1 9082:Macunaíma 9007:Diglossia 8996:Recifense 8962:sertanejo 8942:sertanejo 8794:Tocantins 8786:Sertanejo 8617:sociolect 8394:Nheengatu 8324:São Paulo 8205:Chamar de 8188:classes. 8079:(formal) 8016:São Paulo 8001:meu livro 7936:Eu vi ele 7904:Reflexive 7892:não fala 7887:não fale 7846:falasses 7837:Imperfect 7829:falasse, 7827:falaste, 7709:São Paulo 7682:tu viesse 7678:tu vieste 7566:eu te amo 7415:Example: 7000:archaisms 6883:São Paulo 6844:harmônico 6840:harmónico 6810:linking r 6808:Compare: 6782:loanwords 6774:the South 6770:São Paulo 6766:Northeast 6741:destratar 6579:Babilônia 6532:São Paulo 6333:voiceless 6327:Fricative 6250:voiceless 6008:Northeast 5997:cafézinho 5981:Southeast 5812:Endpoint 5656:Endpoint 5603:Close-mid 5483:Close-mid 5394:Phonology 5352:São Paulo 5320:written: 5305:written: 5156:O Estadão 5077:proclitic 4953:anacoluto 4941:anacoluto 4933:metapoema 4803:espera aí 4715:você está 4662:, rarely 4656:proclisis 4626:dele/dela 4618:cujo/cuja 4603:tu cantas 4588:eu vi ele 4511:phonetics 4507:diglossia 4495:beringela 4367:, but EP 4338:, French 4129:Southeast 4125:the South 4050:honorific 4038:onii-chan 4030:onee-chan 3944:jiu-jítsu 3895:burakumin 3774:jankenpon 3770:jó ken pô 3754:sushi bar 3750:temakeria 3697:torcicolo 3693:carcamano 3661:ragazzo/a 3657:bambino/a 3649:stratoria 3607:gelateria 3571:male male 3549:entrevero 3541:imbróglio 3498:Xumbergar 3386:bolo cuca 3378:bratwurst 3288:aterragem 3241:sabotagem 3221:cocotinha 3185:chauffeur 3181:concièrge 3161:visagismo 3109:redingote 3097:guilhochê 3061:garçonete 2997:gabardine 2901:cigarette 2817:pince-nez 2773:serviette 2741:salopette 2693:bric-brac 2669:vis-à-vis 2661:calembour 2645:guindaste 2597:croquette 2380:bartender 2352:overdrive 2316:non-sense 2296:blogueiro 2270:multiplex 2262:bombshell 2190:black tie 2150:flashback 2046:go-go boy 2018:socialite 1880:X-burguer 1876:sanduíche 1852:milkshake 1824:junk food 1791:iate club 1708:wakeboard 1697:ludopédio 1594:franchise 1574:fast food 1534:debênture 1441:slideshow 1145:pineapple 1030:Loanwords 1006:São Paulo 898:based on 863:São Paulo 723:varieties 596:Monuments 515:Religions 505:Languages 408:51-AAA-ah 387:Glottolog 375:ISO 639-3 15327:Venetian 15301:Vallader 15291:Surmiran 15264:Cadorino 15247:Friulian 15180:Limousin 15149:Béarnese 15111:Western 15093:Northern 15081:Menorcan 15071:Balearic 15062:Eastern 15058:dialects 14917:Castrapo 14874:Peruvian 14845:dialects 14778:European 14746:dialects 14733:Portugis 14714:Galician 14655:Asturian 14593:Savoyard 14545:Poitevin 14513:Cauchois 14487:Jèrriais 14334:Canadian 14213:Varesino 14208:Ticinese 14196:Novarese 14191:Cremunés 14181:Ossolano 14176:Milanese 14164:Lecchese 14132:Brianzöö 14063:Ligurian 14029:Romagnol 13910:Arianese 13905:Irpinian 13900:Cilentan 13864:Pantesco 13859:Sicilian 13830:Southern 13766:Corsican 13742:Macerata 13737:Fabriano 13676:Oltenian 13646:dialects 13606:Southern 13523:Portuñol 13486:See also 13455:Nortenho 13438:Algarvio 13421:Açoriano 13411:European 13406:European 13102:Romanian 13057:Japanese 12950:Katawixi 12945:Kanamarí 12894:Mamaindê 12853:Tukanoan 12800:Tapirapé 12699:Tapayúna 12674:Maxakalí 12649:Kaingang 12611:Macro-Jê 12601:Yaminawa 12563:Ye'kuana 12480:Jamamadí 12452:Warekena 12422:Mehinaku 12417:Mapidian 12402:Barawana 12379:Arawakan 12254:Category 12192:Hinduism 12141:Maronite 12120:Buddhism 12102:Religion 12067:Painting 12017:Carnaval 11899:Abortion 11845:Taxation 11817:Industry 11741:Military 11667:Politics 11648:Wildlife 11618:Pantanal 11487:Timeline 11471:articles 11402:citation 11341:citation 11203:, Online 11149:citation 11078:Soletras 11048:Ellipsis 10888:Hispania 10601:accents. 10599:nortista 10472:. Sibila 10170:Sínteses 9781:Euronews 9571:original 9525:"Brazil" 9351:See also 9335:for the 9311:for the 9250:capoeira 9242:cruzeiro 9219:Mercosul 9178:mastery. 9104:Prestige 9092:by João 9052:spelling 9042:(mostly 8934:Brasília 8832:Curitiba 8814:nortista 8798:Rondônia 8776:classism 8707:Nortista 8688:Maranhão 8621:prestige 8597:caipiras 8589:emboabas 8563:origins. 8557:loanword 8531:dialect. 8409:Cearense 8303:Portugal 8294:dialects 8276:Dialects 8155:Eu a vi. 8150:pronouns 7934:"that": 7930:"he" or 7883:negative 7857:positive 7849:falasse 7843:falasse 7824:falaste 7742:because 7680:becomes 7639:Maranhão 7616:Salvador 7597:Curitiba 7547:com você 7394:Deictics 7388:Não fume 7339:and not 6988:humidity 6900:replace 6587:sandália 6543:Japanese 6539:Japanese 6528:Salvador 6175:Alveolar 6052:Anusvara 6043:dialects 6028:stressed 5989:operação 5970:setembro 5932:ferreiro 5626:Open-mid 5506:Open-mid 5387:Portugal 5364:Brasília 5327:spoken: 5312:spoken: 5134:and not 5114:but not 5085:enclitic 4937:metapoem 4882:Brasília 4870:Brasília 4670:, never 4607:tu canta 4605:becomes 4544:ele está 4435:arsénico 4431:arsênico 4427:neurónio 4423:neurônio 4392:drafting 4380:detectar 4180:Portugal 4149:Romanian 4034:onii-san 4026:onee-san 4022:oba-chan 3974:hiragana 3970:katakana 3953:nunchaku 3908:harakiri 3900:kamikaze 3886:seiketsu 3878:arubaito 3874:dekasegi 3844:rokussei 3746:yakisoba 3728:Japanese 3701:casanova 3632:tiramisu 3603:schifoso 3595:ecco qui 3567:cicerone 3554:panetone 3490:encrenca 3458:zum wohl 3450:Schoppen 3442:fassbier 3394:chucrute 3348:billiard 3320:know-how 3261:à la ... 3229:bas-fond 3217:coquette 3169:coiffeur 3149:escroque 3137:canivete 3133:molinete 3117:flambado 3113:chéri(e) 3065:chenille 3045:cabriolê 3037:caminhão 3033:limusine 3029:balayage 3025:pedicure 3021:manicure 3013:pantalon 2965:tailleur 2957:manequim 2949:boutique 2857:silhueta 2753:cachepot 2749:cachenez 2745:cachecol 2737:pantufas 2729:corselet 2721:lingerie 2709:négliglé 2705:peignoir 2685:conhaque 2629:grã-fino 2625:gabinete 2617:marchand 2601:crocante 2557:détraqué 2489:manchete 2368:coquetel 2348:playback 2320:non-stop 2287:trolling 2250:blecaute 2154:check-up 2142:stalking 2138:bullying 1986:overdose 1938:hooligan 1922:skinhead 1864:panqueca 1795:handicap 1763:boxeador 1731:chuteira 1702:voleibol 1693:"soccer" 1677:Sports: 1672:showroom 1620:sex shop 1616:pet shop 1612:check-in 1598:franquia 1570:kingsize 1523:workshop 1519:macadame 1499:roadster 1479:dormente 1455:revolver 1437:designer 1433:briefing 1407:Japanese 1362:and the 1348:Kimbundu 1301:capoeira 1275:quilombo 1251:banguela 1243:berimbau 1199:mandinga 1149:toponyms 1133:mandioca 943:Nhengatu 927:Portugal 875:Brasília 812:Portugal 767:Portugal 739:Americas 601:Painting 495:Holidays 485:Folklore 447:a series 445:Part of 394:braz1246 349:Colombia 325:Suriname 313:Paraguay 184:Cearense 168:Dialects 15432:Italics 15333:Chipilo 15276:Romansh 15239:Romance 15237:Rhaeto- 15202:Gardiol 15154:Landese 15144:Aranese 15129:Occitan 15088:Central 15052:Catalan 15043:Romance 14944:Creoles 14939:Saharan 14927:Murcian 14905:Llanito 14862:Chilean 14839:Spanish 14796:Creoles 14770:Mineiro 14752:African 14677:Riberan 14672:Leonese 14637:Iberian 14630:Romance 14557:Walloon 14530:Paydret 14508:Augeron 14448:Vosgien 14443:Gaumais 14438:Lorrain 14430:Creoles 14393:Muskrat 14339:Acadian 14267:Angevin 14257:Langues 14248:Romance 14154:Comasco 14127:Western 14120:Cremish 14110:Eastern 14105:Lombard 14073:Genoese 14068:Brigasc 14012:Emilian 13990:Western 13969:Istriot 13932:Vastese 13917:Molisan 13779:Italian 13715:Central 13661:Crișana 13616:Eastern 13599:Western 13584:Eastern 13310:Carioca 13271:Mineiro 13251:Caipira 13206:Guinean 13196:Angolan 13186:African 13181:African 13127:Chinese 13117:Turkish 13112:Tagalog 13107:Russian 12995:Cafundó 12940:Kadiwéu 12935:Irantxe 12925:Arutani 12838:Oro Win 12719:Nadahup 12709:Xavante 12704:Timbira 12659:Kĩsêdjê 12629:Arikapú 12624:Apinajé 12596:Shipibo 12586:Amawaka 12558:Sikiana 12543:Macushi 12523:Bakairi 12505:Cariban 12495:Zuruahá 12490:Paumarí 12437:Tariana 12427:Palikúr 12392:Atorada 12353:Italian 12348:Hunsrik 12238:Outline 12217:Umbanda 12197:Judaism 12148:Melkite 12032:Cuisine 11994:Culture 11979:Welfare 11887:Society 11855:Tourism 11812:Exports 11770:Economy 11628:Regions 11603:Islands 11598:Geology 11564:Climate 11479:History 11378:corpora 10949:: 37–47 10671:23 July 10645:23 July 10623:23 July 10114:23 July 9902:ELingUp 9736:, 1999. 9483:19 July 9246:milreis 9230:English 8982:mineiro 8966:sulista 8958:caipira 8924:carioca 8912:carioca 8898:of the 8891:Carioca 8876:sulista 8852:Madeira 8820:Sulista 8806:caipira 8802:mineiro 8756:Caipira 8752:caipira 8700:Alagoas 8676:Agreste 8651:mineiro 8625:mineiro 8606:caipira 8581:caipira 8568:Mineiro 8545:sulista 8521:carioca 8517:carioca 8509:caipira 8426:mineiro 8366:of the 8360:caipira 8352:caipira 8340:caipira 8319:Caipira 8035:Niterói 7970:ele/ela 7962:seu/sua 7940:Eu o vi 7797:Present 7674:Uruguay 7539:contigo 7493:contigo 7329:a boca! 7314:a boca! 7024:Grammar 6852:falamos 6848:falamos 6760:in the 6676:vowel, 6634:/tɾejs/ 6462:lateral 6433:central 6244:Plosive 6180:Palatal 6001:bolinha 5993:rebolar 5568:Central 5448:Central 5404:Angolan 5101:Me olha 4988:estar a 4898:Modern 4860:Grammar 4799:pera aí 4791:fala aí 4781:use of 4641:a gente 4596:eu o vi 4515:grammar 4388:anatomy 4344:Italian 4176:schools 4145:Italian 4109:hot dog 4093:calques 4076:Chinese 4013:shiatsu 4001:kabocha 3986:ikebana 3932:bushidô 3912:jisatsu 3904:seppuku 3890:karoshi 3790:tempurá 3786:sashimi 3741:karaokê 3732:quimono 3685:baderna 3675:; also 3673:bello/a 3599:caspita 3583:va bene 3575:capisce 3559:colomba 3545:bisonho 3537:nonnino 3508:), and 3374:pretzel 3370:strudel 3363:Italian 3342:. Both 3312:comboio 3300:estação 3292:estação 3253:chez... 3237:estampa 3233:mascote 3213:coquine 3193:garagem 3125:pierrot 3121:bufante 3101:château 3093:chaminé 3077:chamois 3073:chemise 3069:chiffon 3009:toalete 2993:edredom 2981:gravata 2969:echarpe 2953:vitrine 2941:sorvete 2937:scarpin 2933:galocha 2921:culotte 2893:collant 2837:blindar 2769:costume 2733:corpete 2689:mélange 2605:croquis 2561:enquête 2553:parvenu 2493:jaqueta 2477:habitué 2473:calibre 2441:soutien 2372:drinque 2336:crooner 2292:trollar 2278:it-girl 2238:pancake 2214:cardigã 2198:smoking 2162:bondage 2158:ranking 2104:beatbox 2080:footing 2022:playboy 2005:country 1982:hipster 1966:clubber 1884:boicote 1872:brownie 1868:cupcake 1860:araruta 1840:rosbife 1836:bisteca 1828:hot dog 1816:vintage 1783:nocaute 1747:cockpit 1719:goleiro 1689:futebol 1685:skating 1664:outdoor 1652:tagline 1554:dumping 1538:holding 1515:tilburí 1511:guincho 1507:air-bag 1475:chulipa 1451:forward 1403:Italian 1391:English 1376:Nigeria 1356:Kikongo 1350:, from 1336:moleque 1334:), and 1316:curinga 1293:miçanga 1286:senzala 1281:mocambo 1270:cacimba 1263:caxumba 1259:capenga 1204:macumba 1191:moqueca 1185:acarajé 1179:quindim 1174:quitute 1141:abacaxi 1137:cassava 1104:Paraíba 1098:Ipanema 1092:Caruaru 990:Lebanon 978:Germany 795:History 763:prosody 725:of the 619:Symbols 556:Cuisine 490:History 472:Society 337:Uruguay 194:Mineiro 189:Caipira 111:Romance 15363:Others 15343:Talian 15338:Fiuman 15312:Others 15252:Fornes 15190:Niçard 15139:Gascon 15107:Patuet 15013:Others 14922:Castúo 14628:Ibero- 14588:Faetar 14535:Picard 14465:Norman 14453:Welche 14376:Magoua 14366:Quebec 14356:Brayon 14315:French 14297:Rémois 14246:Gallo- 14201:Pavese 14159:Laghée 14137:Canzés 14088:Royasc 13950:Others 13885:Barese 13813:Tuscan 13759:Sabino 13732:Ancona 13705:Italo- 13266:Gaúcho 13132:Slovak 13122:Korean 13097:Polish 13077:French 13072:Arabic 12975:Xukuru 12970:Ticuna 12965:Pirahã 12920:Aikanã 12913:Others 12904:Sabanê 12876:Wanano 12871:Tuyuca 12866:Tukano 12815:Xipaya 12795:Omagua 12770:Juruna 12760:Akwáwa 12752:Tupian 12689:Panará 12664:Krenak 12654:Karajá 12634:Bororo 12578:Panoan 12568:Waiwai 12553:Salumá 12538:Ikpeng 12518:Apalaí 12513:Amonap 12485:Kulina 12467:Arawan 12442:Terêna 12432:Paresi 12397:Baniwa 12358:Talian 12336:German 12259:Portal 12115:Baháʼí 12087:Sports 12027:Comics 12022:Cinema 11954:People 11929:Health 11822:Mining 11807:Energy 11633:Rivers 11469: 11467:Brazil 11364: 11187: 11116: 11008: 10989: 10908:343564 10906: 10453: 10339:] 10220:] 10139:] 10039:] 9686:6 June 9596: 9412:Gaucho 9205:Impact 9192:etc.). 9182:rates. 9046:) and 9000:Recife 8992:areas. 8978:baiano 8848:Azores 8732:Manaus 8672:sertão 8668:Sertão 8615:. The 8595:, the 8553:gaúcho 8551:. 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BP 3205:cabaré 3189:hangar 3177:cabine 3165:topete 3141:guerra 3085:balonê 3081:plissê 3049:capilé 3041:guidão 3005:buffet 3001:fondue 2985:chapéu 2973:fraque 2925:botina 2917:calção 2913:tricot 2905:crochê 2897:fuseau 2889:bustiê 2869:bistrô 2849:pastel 2845:à gogo 2813:mignon 2801:canapé 2797:frappé 2761:colher 2757:colete 2725:corset 2697:broche 2653:flanar 2621:paletó 2585:affair 2565:equipe 2533:ménage 2517:chuchu 2513:frufru 2485:jargão 2481:clichê 2467:(from 2453:guichê 2449:abajur 2388:lanche 2384:barman 2366:(DJ), 2344:roadie 2331:camper 2308:sitcom 2304:selfie 2254:script 2206:blazer 2174:gótica 2146:closet 2134:praise 2129:gospel 2096:rapper 2086:(also 2072:ephebe 2066:(also 2014:pin-up 1999:mullet 1994:cowboy 1990:junkie 1978:yuppie 1974:hippie 1954:rocker 1892:Yankee 1844:sundae 1755:pódium 1727:chutar 1723:quíper 1660:jingle 1656:slogan 1648:outlet 1596:(also 1550:truste 1487:breque 1477:(also 1429:layout 1401:, and 1399:German 1395:French 1372:Yoruba 1354:, and 1352:Angola 1328:cadete 1324:caçula 1312:cafuné 1237:maxixe 1213:orisha 1172:Food: 1129:toucan 1125:tucano 1121:caiman 1117:jacaré 1067:Yoruba 1042:, and 1000:, and 994:Paraná 982:Poland 966:Recife 954:French 920:Brazil 904:Jesuit 818:, etc. 816:Angola 808:Brazil 731:Brazil 637:Anthem 606:Sports 570:Media 551:Comics 546:Cinema 528:Topics 510:People 449:on the 434:Brazil 346: 334: 322: 310: 298: 278:Brazil 275: 199:Gaúcho 96:Italic 64:Brazil 15286:Putèr 15281:Jauer 15269:Nones 15259:Ladin 14758:Asian 14415:Houma 14388:Métis 14371:Joual 14344:Chiac 14309:Gallo 14259:d'oïl 13651:Banat 13472:] 13445:] 13428:] 13397:Macau 13377:Asian 13372:Asian 13353:] 13341:] 13329:] 13317:] 13305:] 13293:] 13092:Greek 13082:Dutch 12960:Ninam 12955:Kwaza 12930:Guató 12861:Cubeo 12843:Wariʼ 12780:Kaiwá 12742:Nadëb 12737:Kakwa 12684:Ofayé 12528:Carib 12457:Waurá 12245:Index 12187:Islam 12047:Music 11984:Youth 11914:Crime 11827:Real 11394:(PDF) 11383:(PDF) 11245:(PDF) 11238:(PDF) 11224:(PDF) 11141:(PDF) 11130:(PDF) 11114:S2CID 11089:(PDF) 11074:(PDF) 10987:S2CID 10939:(PDF) 10904:JSTOR 10496:(PDF) 10407:(PDF) 10392:(PDF) 10366:(PDF) 10348:(PDF) 10341:(PDF) 10335:[ 10309:(PDF) 10302:(PDF) 10270:[ 10233:(PDF) 10222:(PDF) 10216:[ 10195:[ 10141:(PDF) 10135:[ 10078:[ 10061:(PDF) 10041:(PDF) 10035:[ 9913:(PDF) 9898:(PDF) 9654::605) 9343:(see 9331:is a 9329:pt-BR 9321:(see 9307:is a 9290:(see 9278:is a 9234:samba 9166:real. 9068:Usage 8728:Belém 8696:Ceará 8692:Piauí 8539:— in 8476:] 8472:[ 8468:] 8464:[ 8452:Bahia 8348:Goiás 7956:When 7875:fale 7870:fala 7866:fale 7861:fale 7809:fala 7803:fala 7770:você 7762:você 7663:Belém 7647:Piauí 7570:Piauí 7535:ti/te 7349:estar 6992:light 6949:/ẽj̃/ 6902:/s,z/ 6898:/ʃ,ʒ/ 6894:Ceará 6875:/ʃ,ʒ/ 6800:matar 6762:North 6682:schwa 6668:, or 6648:with 6613:with 6583:limão 6206:Nasal 6192:plain 6185:Velar 6146:muito 6091:mundo 6081:pinta 6076:tempo 6071:banco 6050:(see 6012:North 5977:South 5966:] 5962:[ 5958:elide 5580:Close 5563:Front 5460:Close 5443:Front 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1608:combo 1546:angel 1495:hatch 1471:bonde 1459:relay 1446:mouse 1384:Benin 1305:tanga 1297:abadá 1255:bunda 1231:lundu 1225:samba 1209:orixá 1113:macaw 1109:arara 986:Japan 974:Spain 970:Italy 962:Dutch 945:, or 931:Spain 591:Music 579:Radio 574:Print 561:Dance 520:Women 421:pt-BR 240:Latin 106:Latin 15441:Bold 15026:Caló 14709:Fala 14635:West 13392:Goan 12820:Zo'é 12810:Xeta 12475:Deni 12407:Baré 12012:Arts 11714:LGBT 11408:link 11362:ISBN 11347:link 11185:ISBN 11155:link 11006:ISBN 10751:2012 10725:2012 10699:2012 10673:2012 10647:2012 10625:2012 10597:and 10478:2012 10451:ISSN 10374:XXXV 10116:2012 9870::91) 9703::57) 9688:2017 9594:ISBN 9537:2019 9511:2019 9485:2023 9294:and 9282:for 9248:and 9213:and 9088:and 9044:Tupi 8984:and 8850:and 8796:and 8730:and 8641:and 8470:and 8424:and 8268:(BP) 8259:para 8250:(BP) 8224:(BP) 8135:você 8126:você 8113:você 8053:and 8014:and 7977:você 7966:você 7958:você 7951:dele 7949:and 7932:isso 7815:Past 7713:Você 7702:você 7694:Pará 7688:and 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