Brigid of Kildare - Knowledge

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land was fertile. The king laughed at her and refused to give her any land. Brigid prayed and asked God to soften the king's heart. Then she smiled at the king and said, "Will you give me as much land as my cloak will cover?" The king thought that she was joking and agreed. She told four of her sisters to take up the cloak, but instead of laying it flat on the turf, each sister, with face turned to a different point of the compass, began to run swiftly. The cloak grew in all directions and covered many acres of land. "Oh, Brigid!" said the frightened king, "what are you about?". "I am, or rather my cloak is about covering your whole province to punish you for your stinginess to the poor". "Call your maidens back. I will give you a decent plot of ground." The saint was persuaded, and if the king held his purse-strings tight in the future, she had only to allude to her cloak to bring him to reason. Soon afterward, the king became a Christian, began to help the poor, and commissioned the building of the convent. This story was probably inspired by that of

46: 827:. When she was outside carrying a load past a group of poor people, some began to laugh at her. A man named Bacene said to her, "The beautiful eye which is in your head will be betrothed to a man though you like it or not". In response, Brigid thrust her finger in her eye and said, "Here is that beautiful eye for you. I deem it unlikely that anyone will ask you for a blind girl". Her brothers tried to save her and wash away the blood from her wound, but there was no water to be found. Brigid said to them, "Put my staff about this sod in front of you", and after they did, a stream came forth from the ground. Then she said to Bacene, "Soon your two eyes will burst in your head", and it happened as she said. This story was probably inspired by the lore of 728:, Brigid's favourite pupil, fell in love with a young man and, hoping to meet him, snuck out of the bed in which she and Brigid were sleeping. However, recognising her spiritual peril, she prayed for guidance, then placed burning embers in her shoes and put them on. "Thus, by fire", Ultan wrote, "she put out fire, and by pain extinguished pain." She then returned to bed. Brigid feigned sleep but was aware of Darlugdach's departure. The next day, Darlugdach revealed to Brigid the experience of the night before. Brigid reassured her that she was "now safe from the fire of passion and the fire of hell hereafter" and then healed her student's feet. The name Darlugdach (also spelt Dar Lugdach or Dar Lughdacha) means "daughter of the god 422: 778: 886:, Brigid was given a gift of apples and sweet sloes. She later entered a house where many lepers begged her for these apples, which she offered willingly. The woman who had given the gift to Brigid was angered by this, saying that she had not given the gift to the lepers. Brigid was angry at the woman for withholding from the lepers and cursed her trees so they would no longer bear fruit. Another woman gave Brigid the same gift, and again Brigid gave them to begging lepers. This woman asked that she and her garden be blessed. Brigid said that a large tree in the garden would have twofold fruit from its offshoots, and this came true. 1032: 607: 1460: 741: 1106:. A commemorative inscription on the northern façade of the church, in 16th-century characters, reads: "Here in these three tombs lie the three Irish knights who brought the head of St. Brigid, Virgin, a native of Ireland, whose relic is preserved in this chapel. In memory of which, the officials of the Altar of the same Saint caused this to be done in January AD 1283." It is in fact only from the mid-16th century onwards that this church assumed the invocation of Saint Brígida when a new side chapel was built and dedicated to her. 879:

chastity and had become pregnant. In the 1987 translation: "A certain woman who had taken the vow of chastity fell, through the youthful desire of pleasure, and her womb swelled with child. Brigid, exercising the most potent strength of her ineffable faith, blessed her, causing the child to disappear, without coming to birth, and without pain. She faithfully returned the woman to health and to penance". The Brigid Alliance, an American NGO that assists people seeking abortions, was named after St Brigid in reference to this miracle.

1203: 1146:, whom I had assisted in some of his literary pursuits and he set his heart on procuring the coveted relic. One of his arguments was somewhat amusing: It was the first time that an Irish Archbishop of the remote See of Sydney had solicited a favour from Cologne. It was the new Christian world appealing to the old for a share of its sacred wealth. At all events our pleading was successful and, and I bore away with me a portion of the bone, duly authenticated, which is now the privilege of you good Sisters to guard and venerate…. 896: 5661: 1534: 2130: 5649: 5598: 1142:

attached a famous Irish monastery….. The relic is, if I remember aright, a tooth of the Saint. At Cologne, I found great difficulty in securing a portion of this relic. It was at first peremptorily refused. The Pastor of St. Martin's declared that his parishioners would be at once in revolt if they heard that their great parochial treasure was being interfered with. I then had to invoke the aid of an influential Canon of the

5610: 669:. It has often been said that she gave canonical jurisdiction to Conleth, but Archbishop Healy says that she simply "selected the person to whom the Church gave this jurisdiction", and her biographer tells us that she chose Saint Conleth "to govern the church along with herself". For centuries, Kildare was ruled by a double line of abbot-bishops and abbess-bishops, the Abbess of Kildare being regarded as 1580:

which are exhibited and honoured there because of her holy memory—and she returned to Ireland, where, not much later, she rested in the Lord and was buried in the city of Down. The chapel on that island is now dedicated in honour of Saint Brigid; on its south side there is an opening through which, according to the belief of the common folk, anyone who passes will receive forgiveness of all his sins.’

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return to keep the fire burning: "the nineteenth nun puts the logs beside the fire and says 'Brigid, guard your fire, this is your night'. And in this way the fire is left there, and in the morning the wood, as usual, has been burnt and the fire is still alight". It has been suggested that this perpetual fire was originally part of a temple of Brigit the goddess.

2418:"Multiple medieval sources insist she was ordained as a bishop, a status that her successors as abbess of Kildare shared until Ireland’s ecclesiastical hierarchy was drastically revised in 1152." Callan M. “The Safest City of Refuge”: Brigid the Bishop. In: Sacred Sisters: Gender, Sanctity, and Power in Medieval Ireland. Amsterdam University Press; 2019,p85 1006:('little Brigid'), anglicized 'Breedhoge' or 'Biddy', it was made from rushes or reeds and clad in bits of cloth, flowers, or shells. In some areas, a girl took on the role of Brigid. Escorted by other girls, she went house-to-house wearing 'Brigid's crown' and carrying 'Brigid's shield' and 'Brigid's cross', all of which were made from rushes. 844: 717:("Between St. Patrick and St. Brigid, the pillars of the Irish people, there was so great a friendship of charity that they had but one heart and one mind. Through him and through her Christ performed many great works".) However, given that the 'historical' Brigid was born in 451 and Saint Patrick died circa 461, this is unlikely. 1691:

Brigid of Ireland, or of Kildare, has been venerated since the early Middle Ages, along with Patrick and Columba, as one of the three national Christian patron saints of Ireland. By the end of the seventh century, at least two Latin biographies had been written describing her as a nobleman's daughter

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that ‘Wherefore the report is extremely prevalent that both Saint Indract and Saint Brigid, no mean inhabitants of Ireland, formerly came over to this spot. Whether Brigid returned home or died at Glastonbury is not sufficiently ascertained, though she left here some of her ornaments; that is to say,

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burning at Kildare in honour of Brigid, and that this fire had been burning since Brigid's time. He said it was ringed by a hedge that no man was allowed to cross. According to Gerald, each of the nineteen nuns took their turns guarding the fire overnight, but every twentieth night Brigid was said to

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When Brigid was travelling to see a doctor for a headache, she stayed at the house of a Leinster couple who had two mute daughters. The daughters were travelling with Brigid when her horse startled, causing her to fall and graze her head on a stone. A touch of Brigid's blood healed the girls of their

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seems to be a vestige of druidic lore. Brigid was thus born into slavery. Legends of her early holiness include her vomiting when the druid tried to feed her, due to his impurity; a white cow with red ears arrives to sustain her instead. Brigid's druid stepfather is portrayed somewhat sympathetically

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ruled in his favour. The woman fled and sought refuge with Brigid's community. By chance, one of her fishermen caught a fish which, when cut open, was found to have swallowed the brooch. The nobleman freed the woman, confessed his sin, and bowed in submission to Brigid. This is also an Irish version

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Kilbride ("Church of Brigid") is one of Ireland's most widely found placenames, there are 45 Kilbrides located in 19 of Ireland's 32 counties: Antrim (2), Carlow, Cavan, Down, Dublin, Galway, Kildare, Kilkenny (3), Laois, Longford, Louth, Mayo (5), Meath (4), Offaly (4), Roscommon (2), Waterford,

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On St Brigid's Eve, Brigid was said to visit virtuous households and bless the inhabitants. People left items of clothing or strips of cloth outside overnight for Brigid to bless. These were believed to have powers of healing and protection. Brigid would be symbolically invited into the home and a

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As she grew older, Brigid was said to have worked miracles, including healing and feeding the poor. According to one tale, as a child, she once gave away her mother's entire store of butter. The butter was then replenished in answer to Brigid's prayers. Around the age of ten, she was returned as a

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One of the most well-known stories is of Brigid asking the King of Leinster for land. She told the king that the place where she stood was the perfect spot for a convent. It was beside a forest where they could gather firewood and berries, there was a lake nearby that would provide water, and the

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was named after her; 'Saint Brigid made a stay of several years on an island near Glastonbury, called Bekery or Little Ireland, where there was an oratory consecrated in honour of Saint Mary Magdalene. She left there certain signs of her presence—her wallet, collar, bell, and weaving implements,

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Westmeath (2), Wexford (4), and Wicklow (8) as well as two Kilbreedys in Tipperary, Kilbreedia and Toberbreeda in Clare, Toberbreedia in Kilkenny, Brideswell Commons in Dublin, Bridestown and Templebreedy in Cork and Rathbride and Brideschurch in Kildare. A number of placenames are derived from

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I went all the way to Cologne on my return from Rome in 1884, on my appointment of Archbishop of Sydney to secure a portion of the precious relic of St. Brigid preserved there for over a thousand years. It is venerated at present in the Parochial Church of St. Martin to which in olden times was

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when she was dying by Saint Ninnidh of the Pure Hand. Afterwards, he reportedly had his right hand encased in metal so that it would never be defiled, and this was the origin of his epithet. Tradition says she died at Kildare on 1 February. Her year of death is usually placed around 524 or 525.

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came to woo her. Since Brigid had offered her virginity to God, she told the man that she could not accept him but that he should go to the woods behind his house where he would find a beautiful maiden to marry. Everything that he said to the maiden's parents would be pleasing to them. The man

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Brigid is said to have preserved a nun's chastity in unusual circumstances. Liam de Paor (1993) and Connolly & Picard (1987), in their complete translations of Cogitosus, give substantially the same translation of the account of Brigid's ministry to a nun who had failed to keep her vow of

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who chose to consecrate her virginity to God, took the veil as a Christian nun, and became the leader of a community of religious women—or perhaps of both women and men. Certainly, by the 7th century, there was an important double monastery at Kildare that regarded her as its founder.

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Upon Brigid's death, Darlugdach became the second abbess of Kildare. Darlugdach was so devoted to her mentor that when Brigid lay dying Darlugdach expressed the wish to die with her, but Brigid replied that Darlugdach would die on the first anniversary of her (Brigid's) death. The

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wrote that Brigid's power is expressed in 'helping' miracles: healing, feeding the hungry, and rescuing the weak from violence. Unlike Saint Patrick, "most of her miracles were humble affairs for people of low rank" and she "never dictates the course of dynastic politics".

692:. According to Giraldus, nothing that he ever saw was at all comparable to the book, every page of which was gorgeously illuminated, and the interlaced work and the harmony of the colours left the impression that "all this is the work of angelic, and not human skill". 1583:

Brides Mound in Beckery is also linked to St. Bridgid and in 2004 'Brigadine sisters, Mary and Rita Minehan, brought the perpetual Brigid flame (restored in 1993) from Solas Bhrde, in Kildare, during a Glastonbury Goddess Conference ceremony on Bride's Mound.'

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Brigid, with an initial group of seven companions, is credited with organising communal consecrated religious life for women in Ireland. She founded two monasteries; one for men, the other for women. Brigid became the first Abbess of Kildare and invited

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In one story, Brigid protected a woman from a nobleman who had entrusted a silver brooch to the woman for safekeeping but then secretly had thrown it into the sea. He charged her with stealing it, knowing that he could take her as a slave if a

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to sell her. While Dubhthach was talking to the king, Brigid gave away her father's bejewelled sword to a beggar to barter it for food to feed his family. The king recognised her holiness and convinced Dubhthach to grant his daughter freedom.

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St. Brigid's popularity made the name Brigid (or its variants such as Brigitte, Bridie, and Bree) popular in Ireland over the centuries. One writer noted that at one time in history "every Irish family had a Patrick and a Brigid".

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wrote that the melding of a pagan goddess and Christian saint can be seen in some of the miracles, where Brigid multiplies food, bestows cattle and sheep, controls the weather, and is associated with fire or thermal springs.

1183:, purported relics of the saint reposing in Armagh were lost in an accidental fire in 1179. In the seventeenth century, Armagh also had a street named Brigid located near Brigid's church in the area called "Brigid's Ward." 995:

bed would often be made for her. In some places, a family member who represented Brigid would circle the house three times carrying rushes. They would then knock on the door three times before being welcomed in.

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Saint Brigid's feast day is 1 February. Cogitosus, writing in the late 7th century, is the first to mention a feast day of Saint Brigid being observed in Kildare on this date. It was also the date of

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at the temple of the goddess Brigid, was responsible for converting it into a Christian monastery, and that after her death, the name and characteristics of the goddess became attached to the saint.

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of the monasteries in Ireland. Her successors have always been accorded episcopal honour. Brigid's oratory at Kildare became a centre of religion and learning, and developed into a cathedral city.

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According to Brian Wright, the miracles of Brigid outlined by Cogitosus mostly concern healing; charity; cows, sheep and dairy; the harvest; fire; fertility/pregnancy; and her virginity/holiness.

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of the goddess; others that she was a real person whose mythos took on the goddess's attributes. Medieval art historian Pamela Berger argues that Christian monks "took the ancient figure of the

1226:, tradition holds that nuns at her monastery kept an eternal flame burning there. She is also often depicted with a cow, or sometimes geese. Leitmotifs, some of them borrowed from the 715:"inter sanctum Patricium Brigitanque Hibernesium columnas amicitia caritatis inerat tanta, ut unum cor consiliumque haberent unum. Christus per illum illamque virtutes multas peregit" 1301:

There are many traditions associating the saint with Wales, with dedications and folklore found across the country. As such, villages are often named for either a church or "

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Because of the legendary quality of the earliest accounts of her life, there is debate among many secular scholars and Christians as to the truthfulness of her biographies.

1098:), where it is venerated on 2 February (not 1 February, as in Ireland). According to the local tradition of the latter church, St. Brigid's head would have been carried to 578:. An 8th-century account calls the druid Maithghean. It says Broicsech gave birth to Brigid at dawn, on the threshold, while bringing milk into the druid's house. This 931:

She is a patroness saint of Ireland (and one of its three national saints), as well as of healers, poets, blacksmiths, livestock and dairy workers, among others.

709:. She is said to have visited Longford, Tipperary, Limerick, and South Leinster. Her friendship with Saint Patrick is noted in the following paragraph from the 393:, and there are many supernatural events and folk customs associated with her. Furthermore, the saint's feast day falls on the Gaelic traditional festival of 2143: 2819: 2869:

Relaçam do solenne recebimento que se fez em Lisboa ás santas reliquias q̃ se leuáram á igreja de S. Roque da Companhia de Iesv aos .25. de Ianeiro de 1588

1552:, where a stone carving of her milking a cow can be seen above one side of the entrance. She also appears in a fresco painting that adorns the interior of 2926: 2683: 1230:

such as the story where she hangs her cloak on a sunbeam, are associated with the wonder tales of her hagiography and folklore. Cogitosus' circa 650

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in 824. In Donatus' prologue, it refers to the earlier Lives by St Ultan (see before for his hymn), St. Aleran (see "Vita I") and an Anonymus. A 34-

256:. She is patroness of many things, including poetry, learning, healing, protection, blacksmithing, livestock and dairy production. In her honour, a 1568:

her necklace, bag, and implements for embroidering, which are yet shown in memory of her sanctity, and are efficacious in curing divers diseases.’

4482: 1019:, County Kerry, which holds a yearly "Biddy's Day Festival". Men and women wearing elaborate straw hats and masks visit public houses carrying a 389:"are mainly anecdotes and miracle stories, some of which are deeply rooted in Irish pagan folklore". She has the same name as the Celtic goddess 45: 2334: 1234:

portrays Brigid as having the power to multiply such things as butter, bacon, and milk, to bestow sheep and cattle, and to control the weather.

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contains also (unspecified) relics of St. Brigid, brought by the canons of St. Michael in 1398 when they were forced to leave their submerged

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of nuns. There are few documented historical facts about her, and her hagiographies are mainly anecdotes and miracle tales, some of which are

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Moran wrote about the circumstances in which he obtained the tooth in a letter to the Reverend Mother of this Convent dated 13 March 1906:

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In Ireland and parts of Scotland, a doll representing Brigid would be paraded around the community by girls and young women. Known as the

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had several associations with St. Brigid. In the twelfth century, the city had two crosses dedicated to Brigid, though, according to the

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in the stories. He can see that Brigid is special, he is concerned for Brigid's welfare, and he eventually frees her and her mother.

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Brigid is credited with founding a school of art, including metalwork and illumination, which Conleth oversaw. The Kildare

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is thought to be Pictish for "Church of Brigid". In Toryglen, on Glasgow's southside, there is St. Brigid's RC parish.

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Cogitosus said she spent her youth as a farm worker; churning butter, shepherding the flocks and tending the harvest.

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See AP Smyth, "The earliest Irish Annals: their first contemporary entries and the earliest centres of recording",

1397: 1067: 706: 3450: 5711: 5691: 456:('Brigid ever-excellent woman') also known as "Ultan's hymn", and the second is "Broccán's hymn", composed by St 5577: 4109: 3048: 366: 1070:, excepting Brigid's head which was saved by some of the clergymen who took it to the Franciscan monastery of 777: 5439: 4627: 3582: 3480: 1083: 2971: 547:. Another tradition is that she was born at Ummeras, near Kildare. All early sources say she was one of the 4194: 2029:; the priority of one or the other Life is disputed; an earlier, lost, Life, has also been postulated, cf. 1996: 1986: 1946: 1750: 1472:, is the unincorporated community (or township) St. Bridget, described by some accounts as an extinct town. 385:

There is debate over whether Brigid was a real person. There are few historical facts about her, and early

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In both of the earliest biographies, Dubhthach is so annoyed with Brigid that he took her in a chariot to

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The customs of Saint Brigid's Day did not begin to be recorded in detail until the early modern era.

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household servant to her father, where her charity led her to donate his belongings to the poor.

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http://sip.mirabileweb.it/title/vita-sanctae-brigidae-91-vita-metrica91-(has-ego-d-title/24614

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http://omniumsanctorumhiberniae.blogspot.com/2013/07/saint-coelan-of-inis-cealtra-july-29.html

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Her year of birth is usually given as 451 or 452 AD. One tradition is that Brigid was born at

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Discussion on dates for the annals and the accuracy of dates relating to St Brigid continues.

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Uita metrica sanctae Brigidae: a critical edition with introduction, commentary and indexes

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are traditionally made on her feast day. These are three- or four-armed crosses woven from

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http://triasthaumaturga.blogspot.com/2012/02/a-commentary-on-life-of-saint-brigid-by.html

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is St Brigid of Kildare, about whom many local stories, songs, and customs are recorded.

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After Brigid promised God a life of chastity, her brothers were annoyed at the loss of a

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Roy, Considère-Charon; Marie-Claire, Laplace; Philippe, Savaric; Michel, Foster (2008).

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http://triasthaumaturga.blogspot.com/2012/02/the-hymn-in-praise-of-saint-brigid-of.html

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http://triasthaumaturga.blogspot.com/2012/02/the-hymn-in-praise-of-saint-brigid-by.html

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REAP (Revista de Estudos Anglo-Portugueses)-JAPS (Journal of Anglo-Portuguese Studies)

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popularly known since medieval times as the Madonna Lily for its association with the

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Brigid, who was an expert dairywoman and brewer, was reputed to turn water into beer.

762: 697: 666: 500: 425: 272: 241: 143: 55: 20: 4680: 4432: 2734:"Essays on the Ancient History, Religion, Learning, Arts, and Government of Ireland" 2259: 2230: 2002: 1202: 5641: 5369: 5281: 5163: 5153: 5038: 5033: 4953: 4948: 4888: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4843: 4833: 4808: 4783: 4738: 4527: 4522: 4497: 4477: 4357: 4342: 4334: 4284: 4274: 4234: 4066: 4051: 4016: 3991: 3926: 3650: 3635: 3620: 3615: 3363: 3044: 2207: 1894:

The Goddess Obscured: Transformation of the Grain Protectress from Goddess to Saint

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is also known as the "St. Brigid's Christmas Rose". Kildare, the church of the oak

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Convent of Mercy took a purported fragment of the skull to St. Bridget's [

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Latin poem about St Brigid had previously been composed by the Irish Roman cleric

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depicting the saint with a spindle, a bowl of fire, and a cow in the background.

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In liturgical iconography and statuary, Saint Brigid is often depicted holding a

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when she became pregnant. This might have been inspired by the Biblical story of

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Some historians suggest that Brigid is a Christianisation of the Celtic goddess

204:(or 'mother saint') of Ireland, and one of its three national saints along with 5665: 5582: 5555: 5361: 5276: 5216: 5158: 5143: 5128: 5108: 5103: 5063: 5053: 4963: 4938: 4923: 4908: 4903: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4813: 4695: 4665: 4650: 4607: 4577: 4552: 4422: 4382: 4347: 4224: 4204: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4099: 3996: 3941: 3876: 3828: 3740: 3567: 1518: 1510: 1448: 1424: 1358: 1342: 1095: 1063: 1059: 1012:

are often visited on St Brigid's Day, especially those wells dedicated to her.

946: 710: 402: 346: 275:

and many other folk customs. It was originally a pre-Christian festival called

257: 186: 170: 81: 64: 5384: 3420:"Hearth-Prayers and Other Traditions of Brigit: Celtic Goddess and Holy Woman" 2883: 2850:

Journal of the County Kildare Archaeological Society and Surrounding Districts

5675: 5614: 5504: 5489: 5469: 5414: 5374: 5178: 5173: 5123: 5118: 5048: 5028: 4993: 4958: 4928: 4898: 4893: 4823: 4718: 4690: 4655: 4587: 4567: 3848: 3843: 3725: 3522: 3435: 3375: 3329: 3259: 3213: 3082: 2784: 2638: 2134: 2071: 1780: 1506: 1482:, is named for St. Brigid, reflecting historical ties to southeastern Ireland 1444: 1378: 1374: 1334: 1314: 1310: 1126: 1051: 793:

showing Brigid turning water into beer (left) and healing a blind man (right)

790: 786: 556: 495:

of the 7th–8th centuries, but appears more likely to have been written by St

468: 467:) at the request of Ultan who was his tutor. Two early Lives of St Brigid in 428:, built on the site of the original abbey said to have been founded by Brigid 221: 205: 51: 3294: 2922:

Lisboa guarda Segredos Milenares. Santa Brígida, uma Deusa Céltica no Lumiar

2449: 2302: 1705:"St Brigid's Day: Ireland's new public holiday, the 1st named after a woman" 5494: 5193: 5183: 5168: 5098: 5073: 5008: 4968: 4918: 4828: 4743: 4547: 4427: 4402: 3971: 3780: 3572: 3510: 2044:"Bethu Brigte • CODECS: Online Database and e-Resources for Celtic Studies" 1938: 1656:(Fifth Edition, Revised). Oxford University Press, 2011. pp.66–67, 467–470. 1596: 1575:

wrote in the mid-fourteenth century that the chapel which was excavated in

1522: 1420: 1386: 1305:" associated with Bridget. These include the village, castle and parish of 627: 619: 475:

I and II, were written in the 7th–8th centuries, the first one possibly by

336: 300: 201: 151: 3157:"Margaret Fay Shaw's photographs of the women of South Uist – Canna House" 2043: 1592:

A fictionalised wish-granting version of Saint Brigid appears in the 2024

156:

Kildare; Ireland; healers; poets; blacksmiths; livestock and dairy workers

5454: 5301: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5068: 5018: 5013: 5003: 4978: 4913: 4803: 4602: 4592: 4572: 4442: 4417: 3946: 3853: 3640: 3274: 2601:"Wild Irish Women: Saint Brigid – Mary of the Gaels | Irish America" 2278: 1950: 1754: 1545: 1440: 1286: 1244: 1206:

Saint Brigid depicted on stained glass holding symbols of her iconography

1191: 1058:. The relics of the three saints were said to have been found in 1185 by 1047: 895: 868: 824: 725: 677: 492: 386: 284: 229: 213: 3443: 3419: 3241:

Encyclopedia of the Zombie: The Walking Dead in Popular Culture and Myth

3026: 1874:

Myth, Legend & Romance: An Encyclopaedia of the Irish Folk Tradition

1431:, substantially rebuilt since its foundation in the 600s (7th century). 5464: 5138: 5023: 4998: 4848: 4685: 3966: 3383: 3096:

Geithmann, Harriet. "A Welcome member of the Spring and Falls Garden",

2620:

Saint Patrick's World: The Christian Culture of Ireland's Apostolic Age

2256: 1604: 1514: 1489: 1290: 1062:, and on 9 June of the following year he had them solemnly reburied in 1016: 828: 753: 579: 3064:

The Music of What Happens: Celtic Spirituality: A View from the Inside

2928:

Uma Santa e Três Cavaleiros: a Propósito da Igreja Paroquial do Lumiar

1533: 476: 373:" and the "Mother Saint of Ireland". A less common name is "Brigid of 287:, who tradition says was her student, close companion, and successor. 5444: 5351: 5043: 4705: 4557: 3800: 3665: 3542: 3347: 3309: 3239: 3062: 2764: 2618: 1382: 1306: 1227: 1161: 1130: 1117:, obtained a relic of the saint's tooth from the parochial church of 1009: 969: 934:

Brigid is said to have been buried at the high altar of the original

858:

The prayers of Saint Brigid were said to still the wind and the rain.

504: 480: 438: 369:, "St. Brigit's church". She is also referred to as "the Mary of the 320: 245: 3453:

The Saints of Ireland: The Life-Stories of SS. Brigid and Columcille

3367: 2429: 405:

and grafted her name and functions onto her Christian counterpart".

5648: 5597: 5429: 5266: 5246: 4304: 4254: 4056: 3785: 3595: 2652: 2133: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 1798: 1390: 973: 702: 566:

says that Dubhthach's wife forced him to sell Brigid's mother to a

552: 548: 532: 374: 356: 331: 102: 2617:

Liam, De Paor (1996). "Cogitosus' Life of St. Brigid the Virgin".

1023:

to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck for the coming year.

5321: 5296: 5241: 4758: 4723: 4164: 4119: 3881: 3818: 3673: 2284: 2175: 1593: 1576: 1215: 1151: 1122: 1055: 977: 650: 638: 637:

According to tradition, around 480 Brigid founded a monastery at

571: 536: 491:

III, in hexameter verse, is sometimes attributed to St Coelan of

209: 98: 3143: 3013:

Paterson, T. G. F. (1945). "Brigid's Crosses in County Armagh".

2027:

https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Vita_sanctae_Brigitae_(Cogitosus)

5326: 5261: 5251: 5236: 5211: 4264: 3891: 1219: 1176: 1091: 1079: 1043: 988: 965: 863: 782: 658: 631: 394: 390: 296: 276: 264: 217: 1998:

Goidelica: Old and Early-middle-Irish Glosses, Prose and Verse

1988:

Ancient Irish hymn of St. Brogan-Cloen in praise of St. Brigid

559:. They name her father as Dubhthach, a chieftain of Leinster. 5316: 5311: 5286: 5256: 5231: 4748: 4733: 4728: 3838: 3526: 3126: 2762: 1362: 575: 567: 544: 410: 370: 249: 32: 1785:

Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain

1253:, called the "Brigid anemone" since the early 19th century. 1074:, in Austria. In 1587 it was presented to the church of the 4775: 4753: 4713: 3931: 2820:"Mid-Kerry Biddy Tradition Gets Official State Recognition" 2583:"St. Brigid's Cloak: Legendary Fictions of the Irish Celts" 2368:. Vol. 5. Dublin: Hodges, Smith, and Co. p. 1249. 2031:

https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Vita_sanctae_Brigitae_(lost)

817: 729: 3424:

The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

2023:

https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Vita_prima_sanctae_Brigitae

2007:

https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Preface_to_Broccán%27s_hymn

2001:, 1872, p. 137-146 (see p. 133-137 for Ultan's hymn); cf. 1625:

https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/

1237:

Plant motifs associated with St. Brigid include the white

839:

followed her instructions and Brigid's prophecy came true.

2892:

from the original on 7 November 2021 – via YouTube.

1156: 1015:

St Brigid's Day parades have been revived in the town of

909:

Brigid is honoured on 1 February in the calendars of the

744:

St Brigid being carried away by angels, in a painting by

313: 2946:"Igreja Paroquial do Lumiar-Igreja de São João Baptista" 2203:

Butler's Lives of the Saints: New Full Edition: February

324: 3451:

De Blacam, Hugh. "Saint Brigid: The Mary Of The Gael",

1747:

Christian Spirituality: God's Presence Through the Ages

1669:

Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia

19:"Saint Brigid" redirects here. Not to be confused with 724:, who wrote the life of Brigid, recounts a story that 5625: 2257:"Early Irish Saints' Cults and Their Constituencies". 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 834:

When Brigid was of marital age, a man by the name of

437:

Among the most ancient accounts of St Brigid are two

279:, marking the beginning of spring. From 2023 it is a 271:

is 1 February, and traditionally it involves weaving

146:; crozier of an abbess; flames or lamp; cow or geese 2766:

The Irish Celebrating: Festive and Tragic Overtones

1968:

Peritia: Journal of the Medieval Academy of Ireland

2248: 2246: 2244: 2182: 1995:vol 4, February 1868, p. 221-237; Whitley Stokes, 1972:https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Brigit_bé_bithmaith 1891: 1509:, Saint Brigid (along with the goddess Brigid and 867:of a widespread story; another version is told of 688:(Giraldus Cambrensis), but disappeared during the 303: 3495: 3346:Scott, John (July 1983). Carley, James P. (ed.). 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2003:https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/N%C3%AD_car_Brigit 1828:The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore 1722:"Saint Brigid of Ireland | Biography & Facts" 1102:in 1283 by three Irish knights travelling to the 1046:raids, Brigid's relics were purportedly taken to 409:and others suggest that the saint had been chief 5673: 3180: 1400:, one of the most prominent figures featured in 614:It is said that Brigid was "veiled" or became a 479:(died in 665), lector of Clonard, the second by 309:"high, exalted" and ultimately originating with 2241: 2214: 945:wrote that nineteen nuns took turns keeping a 483:, a monk of Kildare. An Old Irish prose Life, 3481: 3311:Glastonbury Abbey and the Arthurian Tradition 2972:"St. Brigid: Holy Wells, Patterns and Relics" 2817: 1787:. Oxford University Press. pp. 134–138. 397:. Some scholars suggest that the saint is a 3041:Irish Medieval Monasteries on the Continent 2806:The Year in Ireland: Irish Calendar Customs 2467:"St. Brigit (or Brigid)—Wonders of Ireland" 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1463:Brigida von Kildare, Gross St. Martin, Köln 1000: 618:either through Saint Mac Caille, Bishop of 360: 350: 340: 295:The saint has the same name as the goddess 260:was kept burning at Kildare for centuries. 3488: 3474: 3060: 2969: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2363: 2074:, "Recent Research on Irish Hagiography", 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1659: 1447:form of the name is common, the parish of 1263:, is associated with a tree sacred to the 44: 3455:, The Bruce Publishing Company, Milwaukee 3279:. Diana Griffiths. Glastonbury: Ariadne. 3238:Fonseca, Anthony J., ed. (19 June 2014). 2865: 2169:lxxii C (1972), pp 1–48 Daniel McCarthy: 1528: 281:public holiday in the Republic of Ireland 244:and an enslaved Christian woman, and was 240:. They say Brigid was the daughter of an 3012: 2461: 2459: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2107: 1964:The Old-Irish Hymn "Brigit Bé Bithmaith" 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1532: 1458: 1201: 1129:and gave it to the Brigidine Sisters in 1030: 894: 842: 776: 739: 605: 420: 3417: 3237: 2791: 2769:. Cambridge Scholars Press. p. 2. 2738:Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy 2514: 2427: 2372: 2273: 2171:The chronology of St. Brigit of Kildare 1838: 1764: 1665: 1443:, where the first name "Breeshey", the 5674: 3341: 3339: 3307: 3202:SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica 3154: 2843: 2612: 2610: 2102:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 1889: 1883: 1779: 1476:St. Bride's, Newfoundland and Labrador 752:Brigid is said to have been given the 330: 3469: 3345: 3272: 3211: 2861: 2859: 2709:"Brigid of Kildare, Monastic, c. 523" 2497: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2456: 2320: 2199: 2138: 1929:. The History Press, 2011. pp. 36–37. 1921: 1919: 1629: 1587: 953: 626:at Mág Tulach (the present barony of 499:, an Irish monk who became Bishop of 377:", after her traditional birthplace. 16:Irish abbess and saint (c. 451 – 525) 5737:Late Ancient Christian female saints 3127:"Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann" 2616: 1716: 1714: 1409:Folksongs and Folklore of South Uist 1188:Old Saint Peter's Church, Strasbourg 1037:Old Saint Peter's Church, Strasbourg 610:Saint Brigid by Patrick Joseph Tuohy 365:), such as in several places called 3336: 2607: 2544:Brigid: Goddess, Druidess and Saint 2390: 1927:Brigid: Goddess, Druidess and Saint 1544:St. Brigid has long been linked to 1353:in Ceredigion, and the villages of 665:, to help her; he became the first 220:who founded the important abbey of 54:at St Mary of the Rosary Church in 13: 5747:People whose existence is disputed 4388:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales 3506:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints 3461:The Serpent and the Goddess (1989) 3411: 3218:Irish Names from Ancient to Modern 3181:Weiser-Alexander, K. (July 2020). 3148: 2856: 2484: 1970:22–23, 2011–2012, p. 182–187; cf. 1916: 1150:In 1905, Sister Mary Agnes of the 14: 5768: 5727:Female saints of medieval Ireland 3350:De antiquitate Glastonie ecclesie 2808:. Mercier Press, pp.20–25, 97–98. 2264:, vol. 54, 2004, pp.84–85, 88–89. 1711: 1539:St. Patrick's Chapel, Glastonbury 1492:is named after Brigid of Kildare. 1194:, itself founded by Irish monks. 705:and founded many churches in the 630:), who gave her the powers of an 601: 5659: 5647: 5635: 5608: 5596: 5475:María de las Maravillas de Jesús 5332:Seven Maccabees and their mother 4518:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War 3115:, vol. 23, April 7, 1883, p. 317 2507:Dictionary of National Biography 2366:Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland 2128: 1898:. Boston: Beacon Press. p. 1548:. Sites that depict her include 1398:Hebridean mythology and folklore 1317:), the churches and villages of 3390: 3301: 3266: 3231: 3205: 3193: 3174: 3137: 3119: 3111:"St. Brigid's Christmas Rose", 3104: 3089: 3054: 3033: 3006: 2981: 2970:Atherton, D. W.; Peyton, M. P. 2963: 2938: 2896: 2876: 2837: 2811: 2756: 2726: 2701: 2676: 2659: 2645: 2593: 2575: 2549: 2536: 2421: 2412: 2357: 2309: 2267: 2156: 2083: 2061: 2036: 2015: 1980: 1956: 1932: 1799:"Brigid of Faughart – Festival" 1654:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints 1035:A reliquary of Saint Brigid in 765:has assigned 1 February as the 252:'s household before becoming a 3308:Carley, James Patrick (2001). 3049:Catholic University of America 2844:Murphy, Denis (January 1895). 2280:A little book of Celtic saints 1816: 1791: 1739: 1697: 1617: 1537:A painting of Saint Brigid in 1478:, at the southwest tip of the 1434: 1197: 684:, which drew high praise from 380: 283:. This feast day is shared by 212:. According to medieval Irish 200: – 525) is the 1: 5732:Irish Roman Catholic abbesses 5440:Faustina and Liberata of Como 4628:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia 4573:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross 3497:Saints of the Catholic Church 3244:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 3155:Barnes, Lily (27 June 2019). 3015:Ulster Journal of Archaeology 2818:Kelleher, S. (27 July 2019). 1876:. Prentice-Hall Press, 1991. 1611: 1270: 1255:Heleborus niger augustifolius 1042:About the year 878, owing to 890: 847:Saint Brigid depicted in the 523: 511: 461: 446: 194: 91: 74: 5702:5th-century Christian saints 3061:Ó Ríordáin, John J. (1997). 2316:"St. Brigid of Ireland", CNA 2140:Flood, William Henry Grattan 1666:Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004). 1454: 1329:, the church and village of 1050:and reburied in the tomb of 628:Fartullagh, County Westmeath 228:), as well as several other 7: 5742:Medieval saints of Leinster 3161:National Trust for Scotland 2510:. Vol. 14. p. 63. 2431:Wisdom of the Celtic Saints 2096: ; see D. N. Kissane, 1993:Irish Ecclesiastical Record 1672:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 140–. 1368: 1285:("Brigid's Hill"), such as 1164:, a request granted by the 772: 551:, a people mainly based in 50:Saint Brigid of Ireland in 10: 5773: 5717:6th-century Christian nuns 5697:5th-century Christian nuns 5603:Catholic Church portal 4563:Saints of the Cristero War 3418:Catháin, Séamas Ó (1992). 3276:The Goddess in Glastonbury 2866:de Campos, Manoel (1588). 1623:February 14 / February 1. 1451:is named after the saint. 1414: 1275: 957: 941:In the late 12th century, 911:Catholic Church in Ireland 432: 18: 5591: 5528: 5360: 5202: 4774: 4704: 4636: 4598:Three Martyrs of Chimbote 4368:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala 4333: 4098: 4065: 3867: 3809: 3696: 3664: 3581: 3543:Mother of God (Theotokos) 3533: 3503: 2380:"History of Kildare Town" 2104:vol. 77, 1977, p. 57-192. 1563:It is also documented by 1468:In the United States, in 1381:are called after Brigid. 1355:Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain 1026: 150: 137: 127: 109: 87: 70: 63: 43: 30: 5757:People from County Louth 5722:6th-century Irish abbots 5707:5th-century Irish abbots 4744:Joseph (father of Jesus) 4130:Athanasius of Alexandria 3912:Athanasius of Alexandria 3796:Theophanes the Confessor 3776:Paul I of Constantinople 3771:Paphnutius the Confessor 3716:Athanasius the Confessor 3402:Friends of Bride's Mound 2428:Sellner, Edward (2006). 2179:, xiv (2000), pp 255–81. 2080:, vol. 35, 1946, p. 537. 1496: 1347:Llansanffraid Glan Conwy 1296: 882:When on the bank of the 735: 645:, "church of the oak"). 4676:Gregory the Illuminator 4646:Augustine of Canterbury 4195:Dionysius of Alexandria 4110:Alexander of Alexandria 3214:"About the Name Brigid" 3100:, vol. 62, 1927, p. 418 2989:"St. Brigid of Kildare" 2919:; see Gabriela Morais, 2904:"St. Brigid of Ireland" 2846:"St. Brigid of Kildare" 2673:(subscription required) 2398:"St. Brigid of Ireland" 2364:O’ Donavan, J. (1856). 2335:"St. Brigit of Ireland" 2253:Charles-Edwards, Thomas 1890:Berger, Pamela (1985). 1803:www.brigidoffaughart.ie 1726:Encyclopedia Britannica 1470:Marshall County, Kansas 441:hymns; the first by St 416: 325: 315: 305: 290: 167:Saint Brigid of Ireland 163:Saint Brigid of Kildare 122:Eastern Orthodox Church 5712:6th-century Irish nuns 5692:5th-century Irish nuns 4115:Alexander of Jerusalem 3721:Chariton the Confessor 3683:in the Catholic Church 3067:. The Columbia Press. 2804:Danaher, Kevin (1972) 2587:www.libraryireland.com 2498:Olden, Thomas (1888). 2471:www.libraryireland.com 1541: 1529:Links with Glastonbury 1464: 1207: 1192:abbey of Honau-Rheinau 1148: 1111:Francis Cardinal Moran 1100:King Dinis of Portugal 1039: 1001: 906: 851: 798:Thomas Charles-Edwards 794: 749: 611: 429: 361: 351: 341: 190: 174: 5546:Fourteen Holy Helpers 5510:Trasilla and Emiliana 4661:Evermode of Ratzeburg 4543:Perpetua and Felicity 4513:Martyrs of Sandomierz 4383:Dismas the Good Thief 4310:Theophilus of Antioch 4280:Maximus the Confessor 4215:Epiphanius of Salamis 4155:Clement of Alexandria 3869:Doctors of the Church 3761:Maximus the Confessor 3548:Immaculate Conception 3273:Jones, Kathy (1990). 3183:"St. Bridget, Kansas" 3144:St. Brigid's Toryglen 2688:The Church of England 2623:. Four Courts Press. 2557:"Story of St. Brigid" 2384:Kildare Local History 2149:Catholic Encyclopedia 2144:St. Brigid of Ireland 1943:Christ in the Margins 1941:, & Gateley, E., 1571:The Benedictine Monk 1565:William of Malmesbury 1536: 1462: 1331:St. Brides Netherwent 1247:, and the Windflower 1232:Vita Sanctae Brigidae 1212:Cross of Saint Brigid 1205: 1181:Monasticon Hibernicum 1139: 1034: 898: 846: 836:Dubthach maccu Lugair 780: 743: 701:Brigid spent time in 609: 473:Vita Sanctae Brigitae 424: 332:[ˈbʲrʲiɣʲidʲ] 323:her name was spelled 5450:Hiltrude of Liessies 5395:Catherine of Bologna 5390:Bernadette Soubirous 4583:17 Thomasian Martyrs 4393:Four Crowned Martyrs 4315:Victorinus of Pettau 4295:Papias of Hierapolis 4265:Jerome of Stridonium 4230:Gregory of Nazianzus 4200:Dionysius of Corinth 4022:Lawrence of Brindisi 3977:Bernard of Clairvaux 3952:Anselm of Canterbury 3907:Gregory of Nazianzus 3834:Priscilla and Aquila 3731:Edward the Confessor 2888:. 14 December 2007. 2713:The Episcopal Church 2666:Charity holiday gift 2526:, Brigidine Sisters" 2408:on 29 November 2014. 2402:Catholic News Agency 2200:Burns, Paul (1998). 1554:St. Patrick's Chapel 1407:'s iconic 1955 book 1319:St. Brides-super-Ely 1224:Patrick Weston Joyce 1218:of the sort used by 1144:Cathedral of Cologne 1115:Archbishop of Sydney 900:Saint Brigid's Cross 595:the King of Leinster 541:Conaille Muirtheimne 5500:Teresa of the Andes 5380:Angela of the Cross 5342:Zechariah (prophet) 4488:Martyrs of La Rioja 4483:21 Martyrs of Libya 4373:Christina of Persia 4353:Charles de Foucauld 4290:Quadratus of Athens 4250:Ignatius of Antioch 4220:Fulgentius of Ruspe 4170:Cyril of Alexandria 4165:Cyprian of Carthage 4150:Cappadocian Fathers 4047:Hildegard of Bingen 3917:Cyril of Alexandria 3791:Sergius of Radonezh 3553:Perpetual virginity 2935:28, 2019, p. 57-75. 2532:on 2 February 2015. 2287:: Appletree Press. 2166:Royal Irish Academy 2164:Proceedings of the 1835:, 2004), pp. 59–60. 1833:Facts on File, Inc. 1573:John of Glastonbury 1170:António Mendes Belo 1119:St. Martin of Tours 1088:Igreja de São Roque 849:Nuremberg Chronicle 722:Ultan of Ardbraccan 454:Brigit Bé Bithmaith 443:Ultan of Ardbraccan 339:she is also called 311:Proto-Indo-European 299:, derived from the 236:of hero tales from 103:Kingdom of Leinster 5541:Four Holy Marshals 5536:Calendar of saints 5505:Teresa of Calcutta 5485:Patricia of Naples 5410:Catherine of Siena 4691:Patrick of Ireland 4613:Vietnamese Martyrs 4503:Martyrs of Otranto 4458:Martyrs of Cajonos 4453:Martyrs of Algeria 4448:Martyrs of Albania 4408:The Holy Innocents 4378:Devasahayam Pillai 4363:Carthusian Martyrs 4305:Polycarp of Smyrna 4260:Isidore of Seville 4245:Hippolytus of Rome 4240:Hilary of Poitiers 4175:Cyril of Jerusalem 4140:Caesarius of Arles 4135:Augustine of Hippo 4037:Thérèse of Lisieux 4032:Catherine of Siena 3982:Hilary of Poitiers 3957:Isidore of Seville 3932:Bede the Venerable 3922:Cyril of Jerusalem 3887:Augustine of Hippo 3801:Pio of Pietrelcina 3766:Michael of Synnada 3200:St. Brigid Island. 2885:St. Brigid's Skull 2872:. Antonio Ribeiro. 2670:The New York Times 2603:. 29 January 2018. 2563:on 27 January 2013 2501:"Darlugdach" 2434:. Bog Walk Press. 2048:codecs.vanhamel.nl 1707:. 20 January 2022. 1588:In popular culture 1556:on the grounds of 1542: 1465: 1337:and the church of 1208: 1084:Emperor Rudolph II 1040: 960:Saint Brigid's Day 954:Saint Brigid's Day 907: 852: 795: 750: 616:consecrated virgin 612: 430: 254:consecrated virgin 118:Anglican Communion 5623: 5622: 5615:Saints portal 5566:Miles Christianus 5551:Martyr of charity 5520:Josephine Bakhita 5515:Ubaldesca Taccini 5460:Kateri Tekakwitha 5435:Faustina Kowalska 5425:Eulalia of Mérida 5405:Catherine Labouré 5400:Brigid of Kildare 5227:Baruch ben Neriah 4671:François de Laval 4656:Damien of Molokai 4623:Victor and Corona 4618:Valentine of Rome 4508:Martyrs of Prague 4473:Martyrs of Gorkum 4433:Martyrs of Lübeck 4320:Vincent of Lérins 4300:Peter Chrysologus 4255:Irenaeus of Lyons 4225:Gregory the Great 4210:Ephrem the Syrian 4007:Robert Bellarmine 4002:John of the Cross 3987:Alphonsus Liguori 3962:Peter Chrysologus 3937:Ephrem the Syrian 3902:Basil of Caesarea 3877:Gregory the Great 3859:Seventy disciples 3751:Lazarus Zographos 3736:Francis of Assisi 3606:James of Alphaeus 3563:Marian apparition 3251:978-1-4408-0389-5 3212:De Blacam, Hugh. 3187:Legends of Kansas 3039:Fuhrmann, J. P., 2776:978-1-4438-0667-1 2294:978-0-86281-456-4 2208:Burns & Oates 1558:Glastonbury Abbey 1521:, the consort of 1486:St. Brigid Island 1429:St Bride's Church 1405:Margaret Fay Shaw 1402:ethnomusicologist 1345:, the village of 1327:Vale of Glamorgan 1250:Anemone coronaria 1104:Aragonese Crusade 936:Kildare Cathedral 922:Church of England 918:Church of Ireland 913:, as well as the 707:Diocese of Elphin 698:Trias Thaumaturga 695:According to the 667:Bishop of Kildare 620:Cruachán Brí Éile 426:Kildare Cathedral 269:saint's feast day 234:Christianisations 160: 159: 110:Venerated in 21:Bridget of Sweden 5764: 5664: 5663: 5662: 5652: 5651: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5631: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5601: 5600: 5480:Narcisa de Jesús 5465:Lucy of Syracuse 5370:Agatha of Sicily 5282:John the Baptist 4528:Maximilian Kolbe 4523:Martyrs of Zenta 4498:Martyrs of Natal 4478:Martyrs of Japan 4468:Martyrs of China 4463:Martyrs of Drina 4398:Gerard of Csanád 4358:Canadian Martyrs 4343:Abda and Abdisho 4285:Melito of Sardis 4275:John of Damascus 4235:Gregory of Nyssa 4120:Ambrose of Milan 4052:Gregory of Narek 4017:Anthony of Padua 3992:Francis de Sales 3927:John of Damascus 3573:Joseph (husband) 3525: → 3521: → 3517: → 3490: 3483: 3476: 3467: 3466: 3447: 3406: 3405: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3343: 3334: 3333: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3178: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3152: 3146: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3123: 3117: 3108: 3102: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3058: 3052: 3045:Washington, D.C. 3037: 3031: 3030: 3010: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2942: 2936: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2863: 2854: 2853: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2815: 2809: 2802: 2789: 2788: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2680: 2674: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2614: 2605: 2604: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2553: 2547: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2528:. Archived from 2518: 2512: 2511: 2503: 2495: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2463: 2454: 2453: 2425: 2419: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2404:. Archived from 2394: 2388: 2387: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2345:on 19 March 2021 2341:. Archived from 2331: 2318: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2271: 2265: 2250: 2239: 2238: 2227: 2212: 2211: 2197: 2180: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2105: 2087: 2081: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2040: 2034: 2019: 2013: 1984: 1978: 1960: 1954: 1953:, 2003), p. 121. 1936: 1930: 1923: 1914: 1913: 1897: 1887: 1881: 1870:Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí 1867: 1836: 1820: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1777: 1762: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1718: 1709: 1708: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1688: 1686: 1663: 1657: 1650: 1627: 1621: 1480:Avalon Peninsula 1166:Bishop of Lisbon 1076:Society of Jesus 1004: 985:Brigid's crosses 976:(1 August), and 926:Episcopal Church 769:of both saints. 671:superior general 545:Kingdom of Ulaid 516: 513: 466: 463: 451: 448: 399:Christianisation 364: 354: 344: 334: 328: 318: 308: 273:Brigid's crosses 242:Irish clan chief 199: 196: 96: 93: 79: 76: 48: 28: 27: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5752:Anglican saints 5672: 5671: 5670: 5660: 5658: 5646: 5636: 5634: 5626: 5624: 5619: 5609: 5607: 5595: 5587: 5578:Seven Champions 5571:Church Militant 5561:Athleta Christi 5556:Military saints 5524: 5420:Clare of Assisi 5356: 5292:Judas Barsabbas 5198: 4770: 4700: 4686:Nino of Georgia 4632: 4538:Pedro Calungsod 4493:Martyrs of Laos 4438:Luigi Versiglia 4329: 4270:John Chrysostom 4160:Clement of Rome 4101: 4094: 4061: 4027:Teresa of Ávila 4012:Albertus Magnus 3897:John Chrysostom 3863: 3824:Mary of Bethany 3805: 3711:Anthony of Kiev 3692: 3660: 3611:James the Great 3577: 3529: 3508: 3499: 3494: 3414: 3412:Further reading 3409: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3368:10.2307/2849009 3344: 3337: 3322: 3314:. D.S. Brewer. 3306: 3302: 3287: 3271: 3267: 3252: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3210: 3206: 3198: 3194: 3179: 3175: 3165: 3163: 3153: 3149: 3142: 3138: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3109: 3105: 3098:House Beautiful 3094: 3090: 3075: 3059: 3055: 3051:, 1927), p. 39. 3038: 3034: 3011: 3007: 2997: 2995: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2974: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2912: 2910: 2908:Catholic Online 2902: 2901: 2897: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2864: 2857: 2842: 2838: 2828: 2826: 2816: 2812: 2803: 2792: 2777: 2761: 2757: 2747: 2745: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2717: 2715: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2692: 2690: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2664: 2660: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2631: 2615: 2608: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2541: 2537: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2496: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2465: 2464: 2457: 2442: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2362: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2339:Monastic Matrix 2333: 2332: 2321: 2314: 2310: 2295: 2275:Wallace, Martin 2272: 2268: 2251: 2242: 2229: 2228: 2215: 2210:. pp. 1–4. 2198: 2183: 2161: 2157: 2129: 2127: 2108: 2088: 2084: 2066: 2062: 2052: 2050: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2020: 2016: 1985: 1981: 1961: 1957: 1937: 1933: 1925:Wright, Brian. 1924: 1917: 1910: 1888: 1884: 1868: 1839: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1778: 1765: 1744: 1740: 1730: 1728: 1720: 1719: 1712: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1664: 1660: 1652:Farmer, David. 1651: 1630: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1600:romantic comedy 1590: 1550:Glastonbury Tor 1531: 1499: 1457: 1437: 1417: 1371: 1323:St Brides Major 1299: 1278: 1273: 1260:Quercus petraea 1240:Lilium candidum 1200: 1029: 962: 956: 943:Gerald of Wales 893: 805:Dáithí Ó hÓgáin 781:A 16th-century 775: 763:Catholic Church 738: 686:Gerald of Wales 682:Book of Kildare 604: 535:(just north of 526: 514: 464: 449: 435: 419: 407:Dáithí Ó hÓgáin 383: 329:and pronounced 293: 238:Irish mythology 202:patroness saint 197: 179:Classical Irish 120: 116: 114:Catholic Church 97: 94: 80: 77: 59: 39: 36: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5770: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5669: 5668: 5656: 5644: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5617: 5605: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5585: 5583:Virtuous pagan 5580: 5575: 5574: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5532: 5530: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5366: 5364: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5354: 5349: 5347:Zechariah (NT) 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5208: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4780: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4710: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4681:Junípero Serra 4678: 4673: 4668: 4666:Francis Xavier 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4642: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4608:Uganda Martyrs 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4578:Titus Brandsma 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4553:Pietro Parenzo 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4423:Korean Martyrs 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4348:Boris and Gleb 4345: 4339: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4190:Desert Mothers 4187: 4185:Desert Fathers 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4106: 4104: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4071: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3997:Peter Canisius 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3942:Thomas Aquinas 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3873: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3829:Mary Magdalene 3826: 3821: 3815: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3756:Louis Bertrand 3753: 3748: 3743: 3741:Francis Borgia 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3702: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3690: 3685: 3676: 3670: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3587: 3585: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3575: 3570: 3568:Titles of Mary 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3539: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3515:Servant of God 3504: 3501: 3500: 3493: 3492: 3485: 3478: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3459:Condren,Mary. 3457: 3448: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3407: 3389: 3362:(3): 819–820. 3335: 3320: 3300: 3285: 3265: 3250: 3230: 3204: 3192: 3173: 3147: 3136: 3118: 3103: 3088: 3073: 3053: 3032: 3005: 2980: 2962: 2937: 2895: 2875: 2855: 2836: 2810: 2790: 2775: 2755: 2725: 2700: 2684:"The Calendar" 2675: 2658: 2644: 2629: 2606: 2592: 2574: 2548: 2535: 2513: 2483: 2455: 2440: 2420: 2411: 2389: 2371: 2356: 2319: 2308: 2293: 2266: 2240: 2231:"Bethu Brigte" 2213: 2181: 2155: 2152:. Vol. 2. 2106: 2082: 2060: 2035: 2014: 1979: 1962:David Howlett, 1955: 1931: 1915: 1908: 1882: 1837: 1815: 1790: 1781:Hutton, Ronald 1763: 1745:Woods, R. J., 1738: 1710: 1696: 1678: 1658: 1628: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1589: 1586: 1530: 1527: 1519:Maman Brigitte 1517:the death loa 1511:Mary Magdalene 1498: 1495: 1494: 1493: 1483: 1473: 1456: 1453: 1436: 1433: 1425:City of London 1416: 1413: 1370: 1367: 1359:Llansantffraed 1351:Llansantffraid 1298: 1295: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1199: 1196: 1096:Lisbon Airport 1086:, that is the 1064:Down Cathedral 1060:John de Courcy 1028: 1025: 980:(1 November). 958:Main article: 955: 952: 947:perpetual fire 892: 889: 888: 887: 880: 876: 872: 859: 856: 841: 840: 832: 821: 774: 771: 737: 734: 711:Book of Armagh 603: 602:Religious life 600: 543:, part of the 525: 522: 434: 431: 418: 415: 403:mother goddess 382: 379: 349:she is called 292: 289: 258:perpetual fire 158: 157: 154: 148: 147: 144:Brigid's cross 141: 135: 134: 131: 125: 124: 111: 107: 106: 89: 85: 84: 82:Gaelic Ireland 72: 68: 67: 61: 60: 49: 41: 40: 37: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5769: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5667: 5657: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5643: 5633: 5632: 5629: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5593: 5590: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5470:Maria Goretti 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5375:Agnes of Rome 5373: 5371: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4635: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4588:Thomas Becket 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4413:Irish Martyrs 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4332: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4042:John of Ávila 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3967:Leo the Great 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 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