66:
708:
211:, Antarctic lamprophyres, and the Central Kerguelen Plateau/Broken Ridge. In the late Cretaceous, activity in the mantle slowed and the Kerguelen hotspot was reduced to a single plume which created the Ninety East Ridge. 120–95 Ma when the Southern and Central Kerguelen Plateau formed together with the Broken Ridge, the Kerguelen hotspot produced 1 km (0.24 cu mi)/year, but 95–25 Ma the output decreased to 0.1 km (0.024 cu mi).
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in the
Pacific). Both these enormous LIPs reaches 2–4 km (1.2–2.5 mi) above the surrounding ocean floor and have a crustal thickness of 20–40 km (12–25 mi) (compared to oceanic crust typically around 7 km (4.3 mi) thick.) The Broken Ridge and Kerguelen Plateau are now
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The
Kerguelen LIP has a long and complicated history, however, and is probably the least "typical" of all LIPs. Rocks from both the Broken Ridge and the Kerguelen Plateau contain a continental component or "fingerprint". In the Early Cretaceous, the
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separated by 1,800 km (1,100 mi). When they broke-up, the southern flank of Broken Ridge was uplifted some 2,000 m (6,600 ft) and reached above sea level.
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on its southern side by a 3,000 m (9,800 ft) escarpment, while on the northern side the ridge slopes gently towards the abyssal
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139:. It is up to 400 km (250 mi) wide and reaches 1,000 m (3,300 ft) below sea level. It is separated from the
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311:"Origin and evolution of a submarine large igneous province: the Kerguelen Plateau and Broken Ridge, southern Indian Ocean"
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117:. When Australia and Antarctica started to separate, the Broken Ridge and the Kerguelen Plateau got separated by the
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89:
Map of the
Southeast Indian Ridge. The Broken Ridge is the green area in the upper left corner.
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of various sizes, composition, and ascent rates. These separate diapirs created the
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The Broken Ridge stretches 1,200 km (750 mi) from the southern end of the
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253:, Mantle sources, plume-lithosphere interactions, and plume models, pp. 15–17
147:. The sediment cover on the ridge reaches 800 m (2,600 ft) and the
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409:"The Indian Ocean: Aseismic Ridges, Spreading Centers, and Oceanic Basins"
364:"Leg 183 Summary: Kerguelen Plateau-Broken Ridge—A Large Igneous Province"
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182: sq mi) making it the second largest LIP on Earth (after the
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is found at about 20 km (12 mi). It is separated from the
392:"April 2007 LIP of the Month: The Kerguelen Large Igneous Province"
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128:from the Broken Ridge has been dated to 95 Ma.
413:The Ocean Basins and Margins: The Indian Ocean
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371:Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program
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203:, the Southern Kerguelen Plateau, the
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394:. Large Igneous Provinces Commission
135:towards the south-western corner of
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318:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
27:Oceanic plateau in the Indian Ocean
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362:Frey, F. A.; et al. (2003).
309:Frey, F. A.; et al. (2000).
109:. The Broken Ridge once formed a
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1:
541:Ethiopian and Yemen Highlands
348:10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00315-5
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162:The Kerguelen LIP covered 2.3
738:Plateaus of the Indian Ocean
415:. Springer. pp. 51–84.
411:. In Nairn, A. E. M. (ed.).
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80:Broken Ridge (Indian Ocean)
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282:, Introduction, pp. 74–77
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141:Diamantina Fracture Zone
113:(LIP) together with the
733:Large igneous provinces
469:Large igneous provinces
330:2000E&PSL.176...73F
195:was split into several
485:Northeast Georgia Rise
119:Southeast Indian Ridge
111:large igneous province
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105:in the south-eastern
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743:Cretaceous volcanism
624:Mackenzie dike swarm
407:Schlich, R. (2013).
18:Broken Ridge Plateau
669:Paraná and Etendeka
556:Franklin dike swarm
546:Equatorial Atlantic
501:Brazilian Highlands
184:Ontong Java Plateau
153:Naturaliste Plateau
44: /
713:Geology portal
390:Ingle, S. (2007).
157:Dirck Hartog Ridge
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193:Kerguelen hotspot
133:Ninety East Ridge
115:Kerguelen Plateau
16:(Redirected from
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201:Bunbury Basalt
172: km (0.89
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428:27 September
426:. Retrieved
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398:27 September
396:. Retrieved
379:. Retrieved
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351:. Retrieved
324:(1): 73–89.
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294:, p. 18
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236:Schlich 2013
209:lamprophyres
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107:Indian Ocean
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95:Broken Ridge
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29:
651:Ontong Java
563:High Arctic
51: /
727:Categories
636:Mistassini
631:Matachewan
607:Long Range
602:Keweenawan
266:Ingle 2007
215:References
684:Skagerrak
659:Hikurangi
612:Mackenzie
585:Kerguelen
506:Caribbean
489:Maud Rise
381:30 August
353:30 August
334:CiteSeerX
137:Australia
48:31°S 95°E
694:Winagami
679:Siberian
655:Manihiki
597:Marathon
551:Franklin
536:Emeishan
207:/Indian
674:Shatsky
646:Ongeluk
575:Iceland
480:Agulhas
326:Bibcode
302:Sources
197:diapirs
155:by the
123:Alkalic
53:-31; 95
689:Ungava
664:Panjal
531:Deccan
496:Azores
419:
377:: 1–48
336:
126:basalt
101:is an
367:(PDF)
314:(PDF)
220:Notes
430:2015
417:ISBN
400:2015
383:2015
355:2015
149:Moho
93:The
39:95°E
36:31°S
375:183
344:doi
322:175
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180:^
174:×
170:^
164:×
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
