121:
308:, and suction tubing. Essentially, the saline source is connected to sterile bronchoscope, as is the specimen collection trap, and then suction tubing is connected to the trap and the suction source. If the bronchoscope is not sterile, saline should initially be used to flush it clean. With the patient under some sort of anesthesia (depending on the rigidity of the scope), the fiber-optic cable is lowered into the correct area of the lower lungs (
312:), wedged into place, and saline applied. Once the saline is fully applied, then either suction is applied to collect the fluids, or the fluids are collected with a sterile syringe through the irrigation channel. The collection trap is then appropriately labeled and sent off for testing.
315:
Recent literature for the use of endoscopic BAL in therapy uses essentially the same process. A flexible bronchoscope is most commonly used. The physician seeks out areas with excess mucus or other abnormalities, then uses saline and suction to clean it.
1174:
Wang, Lijun; Xie, Qiuling; Xu, Shanshan; Li, Huajun; Zhang, Liya; Ai, Jingwen; Liu, Quanhua; Chu, Caiting; Zhang, Xi; Zhang, Wenhong; Huang, Lisu (January 2023). "The role of flexible bronchoscopy in children with
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia".
241:
can be a more sensitive method of detection than nasal swabs in respiratory molecular diagnostics, as has been the case with SARS-CoV-2 where bronchoalveolar lavage samples detect copies of viral RNA after negative nasal swab testing.
122:
804:"Therapeutic limited bronchoalveolar lavage with fiberoptic bronchoscopy as a bridging procedure prior to total lung lavage in a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report"
588:"High-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons characterizes bacterial composition in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia"
1095:
700:"An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: The clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage cellular analysis in interstitial lung disease"
1236:
165:
17:
1229:
1010:"Optimization strategy for the early timing of bronchoalveolar lavage treatment for children with severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia"
699:
673:"Interim Guidelines for Collecting, Handling, and Testing Clinical Specimens from Persons for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)"
1850:
1222:
335:
273:
1103:
1586:
961:"Analysis of curative effect of adjuvant therapy with bronchoalveolar lavage on COPD patients complicated with pneumonia"
258:
217:, with a measured amount of fluid introduced and then collected for examination. This method is typically performed to
750:"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by bronchoalveolar lavage after negative nasopharyngeal testing: Stay vigilant for COVID-19"
466:
428:
128:
296:
The primary equipment used in BAL includes a fiber-optic bronchoscope, sterile collection traps for collecting test
672:
1845:
639:"Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in suspected human cases: Interim guidance, 19 March 2020"
250:
1364:
285:
1780:
1755:
309:
1750:
1396:
1008:
Wu, X; Lu, W; Wang, T; Xiao, A; Guo, X; Xu, Y; Li, S; Liu, X; Zeng, H; He, S; Zhang, X (5 October 2023).
536:"Bilateral versus unilateral bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia"
1214:
380:
Kahn, F.W.; Jones, J.M. (1987). "Diagnosing bacterial respiratory infection by bronchoalveolar lavage".
1740:
1596:
1591:
907:"Lung fluid biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
1458:
234:
1820:
1647:
1614:
1606:
172:
1059:
Michaud, G.; Reddy, C.; Ernst, A. (2009). "Whole-lung lavage for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis".
1374:
1263:
262:
1810:
1775:
1745:
1581:
745:
254:
1790:
1453:
454:
416:
245:
In particular, bronchoalveolar lavage is commonly used to diagnose infections in people with
288:(PAP). When conditions disallow WLL, an endoscopic BAL can be used as a bridging procedure.
1662:
1637:
1448:
277:
8:
1785:
1767:
1735:
1685:
1310:
297:
1036:
1009:
1657:
1629:
1483:
1383:
1246:
1200:
1156:
985:
960:
933:
906:
879:
854:
830:
803:
776:
749:
614:
587:
560:
535:
508:
483:
305:
1815:
1805:
1318:
1204:
1192:
1148:
1076:
1041:
990:
938:
884:
835:
781:
722:
619:
565:
513:
462:
424:
397:
301:
281:
246:
218:
160:
272:), improve airway ventilation, and reduce airway inflammation in conditions such as
1184:
1160:
1138:
1068:
1031:
1021:
980:
972:
928:
918:
874:
866:
825:
815:
771:
761:
714:
646:
609:
599:
555:
547:
503:
495:
389:
43:
1568:
1540:
1443:
1143:
1126:
741:
178:
638:
1727:
1706:
1690:
1547:
1496:
1391:
1305:
1188:
1026:
766:
718:
393:
355:
923:
820:
1839:
1576:
1504:
1468:
1433:
1124:
484:"The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia"
1672:
1514:
1417:
1347:
1342:
1196:
1080:
1045:
994:
942:
839:
785:
726:
623:
569:
350:
280:. A much more intense version involving up to 50 liters of fluid is called
210:
1152:
1072:
976:
888:
670:
533:
517:
401:
1652:
1532:
1519:
1509:
1477:
1401:
1352:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1244:
870:
551:
345:
265:(ELF) and to determine the protein composition of the pulmonary airways.
740:
Ramos KJ, Kapnadak SG, Collins BF, Wall R, Bryson-Cahn C, Perchetti GA,
650:
604:
1642:
1524:
1425:
1326:
1300:
1295:
1272:
499:
325:
801:
213:
is passed through the mouth or nose into an appropriate airway in the
188:
1800:
1438:
1357:
360:
226:
222:
534:
Jonker, M.A.; Sauerhammer, T.M.; Faucher, L.D.; et al. (2012).
209:, is a diagnostic method of the lower respiratory system in which a
1409:
340:
230:
697:
1619:
1254:
488:
European
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
1795:
1492:
1472:
1334:
330:
269:
238:
233:), though it also has been shown to have utility in diagnosing
585:
111:
91:
1058:
108:
1125:
Danel, C.; Israël-Biet, D.; Costabel, U.; Klech, H. (1992).
698:
Meyer, K.C.; Raghu, G.; Baughman, R.P.; et al. (2012).
671:
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (25 March 2020).
958:
214:
99:
85:
79:
64:
58:
707:
American
Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
481:
55:
904:
636:
414:
70:
739:
586:
Yang, X.J.; Wang, Y.B.; Zhou, Z.W.; et al. (2015).
448:
446:
444:
442:
440:
268:
BAL has even been used therapeutically to remove mucus (
261:(ARDS). It is the most common method used to sample the
452:
437:
408:
379:
129:
67:
61:
46:
1127:"Therapeutic applications of bronchoalveolar lavage"
105:
96:
88:
76:
73:
52:
49:
959:Zhao, H.; Gu, H.; Liu, T.; Ge, J.; Shi, G. (2018).
905:Wang, Y.; Wang, H.; Zhang, C.; et al. (2019).
802:Rodrigo, D.; Rathnapala, A.; Senaratne, W. (2015).
529:
527:
102:
82:
900:
898:
797:
795:
27:Diagnostic method of the lower respiratory system
1837:
1093:
846:
524:
895:
852:
1052:
792:
1726:
1230:
954:
952:
475:
1118:
1096:"How 'Lung Washing' Helps You Breathe Again"
1007:
1001:
679:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
581:
579:
417:"6. Bronchoscopy in the Intensive Care Unit"
1173:
1087:
691:
664:
637:World Health Organization (19 March 2020).
630:
1237:
1223:
949:
291:
1142:
1035:
1025:
984:
932:
922:
878:
829:
819:
775:
765:
613:
603:
576:
559:
507:
373:
457:. In Demetriades, D.; Inaba, K. (eds.).
419:. In Demetriades, D.; Inaba, K. (eds.).
225:of the lower respiratory airways (e.g.
14:
1838:
1218:
965:Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
482:Nieto, J.M.S.; Alcaraz, A.C. (1995).
336:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
274:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
592:Drug Design, Development and Therapy
415:Sugeir, S.; de Moraes, A.G. (2019).
1587:High-resolution computed tomography
1245:Tests and procedures involving the
677:Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
259:acute respiratory distress syndrome
24:
1094:Cleveland Clinic (6 August 2014).
25:
1862:
754:Respiratory Medicine Case Reports
744:, Khot S, Limaye AP, Mathias PC,
459:Atlas of Critical Care Procedures
421:Atlas of Critical Care Procedures
859:Archives of Disease in Childhood
453:Warriner, Z.; Lewis, M. (2019).
42:
1167:
808:Journal of Medical Case Reports
733:
1365:Laryngotracheal reconstruction
643:WHO/COVID-19/Laboratory/2020.5
382:Journal of Infectious Diseases
286:pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
13:
1:
1851:Respiratory system procedures
1756:Positive pressure ventilation
645:. World Health Organization.
366:
1751:Negative pressure ventilator
1144:10.1183/09031936.93.05101173
1131:European Respiratory Journal
461:. Springer. pp. 57–62.
18:Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
7:
455:"7. Bronchoalveolar Lavage"
319:
284:(WLL) and is used to treat
10:
1867:
1741:Surgical airway management
1597:Ventilation/perfusion scan
1397:Tracheoesophageal puncture
1189:10.1038/s41390-021-01874-z
1027:10.1186/s12879-023-08619-9
767:10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101120
719:10.1164/rccm.201202-0320ST
1766:
1719:
1699:
1671:
1628:
1605:
1567:
1560:
1467:
1373:
1262:
1253:
924:10.1186/s13054-019-2336-6
821:10.1186/s13256-015-0574-z
235:interstitial lung disease
185:
171:
159:
151:
37:
32:
1821:Pulmonary rehabilitation
1648:Bronchial challenge test
1615:Pneumonia severity index
1607:Clinical prediction rule
855:"Bronchoalveolar lavage"
853:Henderson, A.J. (1994).
423:. Springer. p. 50.
394:10.1093/infdis/155.5.862
1014:BMC Infectious Diseases
292:Equipment and procedure
263:epithelial lining fluid
207:bronchoalveolar washing
155:Bronchoalveolar washing
1846:Diagnostic pulmonology
1811:Hyperinflation therapy
1776:Artificial respiration
1746:Mechanical ventilation
1681:Bronchoalveolar lavage
1582:CT pulmonary angiogram
247:immune system problems
199:Bronchoalveolar lavage
33:Bronchoalveolar lavage
1791:Decompression chamber
1459:Heart–lung transplant
1073:10.1378/chest.09-2295
977:10.3892/etm.2018.6662
310:tracheobronchial tree
276:(COPD) and pediatric
1663:Impulse oscillometry
1638:Body plethysmography
871:10.1136/adc.70.3.167
552:10.1089/sur.2011.081
278:Mycoplasma pneumonia
1786:Hyperbaric medicine
1768:Respiratory therapy
1686:Nasopharyngeal swab
1311:Acoustic rhinometry
605:10.2147/DDDT.S87634
540:Surgical Infections
1658:Diffusion capacity
1630:Lung function test
1247:respiratory system
1177:Pediatric Research
500:10.1007/BF01691489
237:. Bronchoalveolar
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1816:Pulmonary hygiene
1806:Postural drainage
1715:
1714:
1556:
1555:
1106:on 14 August 2020
282:whole lung lavage
205:), also known as
196:
195:
16:(Redirected from
1858:
1724:
1723:
1720:Other procedures
1565:
1564:
1260:
1259:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1146:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1102:. Archived from
1100:HealthEssentials
1091:
1085:
1084:
1067:(6): 1678–1681.
1056:
1050:
1049:
1039:
1029:
1005:
999:
998:
988:
971:(5): 3799–3804.
956:
947:
946:
936:
926:
902:
893:
892:
882:
850:
844:
843:
833:
823:
799:
790:
789:
779:
769:
737:
731:
730:
704:
695:
689:
688:
686:
684:
668:
662:
661:
659:
657:
634:
628:
627:
617:
607:
583:
574:
573:
563:
531:
522:
521:
511:
479:
473:
472:
450:
435:
434:
412:
406:
405:
377:
189:edit on Wikidata
181:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
126:
125:
124:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
60:
57:
54:
51:
48:
30:
29:
21:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1825:
1762:
1711:
1695:
1667:
1624:
1601:
1569:Medical imaging
1552:
1541:Mediastinoscopy
1481:
1476:
1463:
1449:Transplantation
1444:Wedge resection
1369:
1249:
1243:
1213:
1212:
1172:
1168:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1092:
1088:
1057:
1053:
1006:
1002:
957:
950:
903:
896:
851:
847:
800:
793:
738:
734:
702:
696:
692:
682:
680:
669:
665:
655:
653:
635:
631:
584:
577:
532:
525:
480:
476:
469:
451:
438:
431:
413:
409:
378:
374:
369:
322:
294:
192:
177:
142:
138:
134:
130:
120:
119:
95:
45:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1864:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1728:Oxygen therapy
1721:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1707:Blood gas test
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1691:Sputum culture
1688:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1548:Nuss procedure
1544:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1497:pleural cavity
1488:
1486:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1392:Cricothyrotomy
1389:
1387:
1379:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1306:Rhinomanometry
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1268:
1266:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1183:(1): 198–206.
1166:
1137:(10): 1173–5.
1117:
1086:
1051:
1000:
948:
894:
845:
791:
732:
713:(9): 1004–14.
690:
663:
629:
575:
523:
494:(10): 839–50.
474:
467:
436:
429:
407:
371:
370:
368:
365:
364:
363:
358:
356:Pneumoconiosis
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
321:
318:
306:suction device
293:
290:
194:
193:
186:
183:
182:
175:
169:
168:
163:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1863:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1577:Bronchography
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:Thoracentesis
1503:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1454:Decortication
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1434:Pneumonectomy
1432:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1004:
996:
992:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
955:
953:
944:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
916:
912:
911:Critical Care
908:
901:
899:
890:
886:
881:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
849:
841:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
798:
796:
787:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
736:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
701:
694:
678:
674:
667:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
625:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
597:
593:
589:
582:
580:
571:
567:
562:
557:
553:
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1515:Thoracoscopy
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1418:Bronchoscopy
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1348:Laryngectomy
1343:Laryngoscopy
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351:Mesothelioma
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300:, a sterile
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211:bronchoscope
206:
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197:
1653:Capnography
1533:mediastinum
1520:Thoracotomy
1510:Pleurodesis
1478:mediastinum
1402:Tracheotomy
1353:Laryngotomy
1291:Somnoplasty
1286:Septoplasty
1281:Rhinoplasty
598:: 4883–96.
346:Lung cancer
255:ventilators
221:pathogenic
152:Other names
1840:Categories
1736:Intubation
1643:Spirometry
1525:Chest tube
1469:Chest wall
1327:Sinusotomy
1301:Rhinectomy
1296:Alarplasty
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367:References
326:Asbestosis
304:source, a
223:infections
1801:Nebulizer
1592:Spiral CT
1484:diaphragm
1439:Lobectomy
1358:Thyrotomy
1205:248326894
917:(1). 43.
742:Jerome KR
361:Silicosis
298:specimens
251:pneumonia
227:pneumonia
1673:Cytology
1410:bronchus
1375:Lower RT
1264:Upper RT
1197:35459766
1110:25 March
1081:19995769
1046:37798699
1037:10557288
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786:32566476
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683:25 March
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341:COVID-19
320:See also
231:COVID-19
219:diagnose
161:ICD-9-CM
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270:sputum
257:, and
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1561:Tests
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1201:S2CID
1157:S2CID
1061:Chest
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215:lungs
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514:PMID
463:ISBN
425:ISBN
398:PMID
229:and
173:MeSH
1781:CPR
1185:doi
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