2028:
4454:
22:
124:
1076:
tan pronto como crecieron se secaron porque no tenían humedad. Otras cayeron entre los espinos, y los espinos crecieron con éstas y las sofocaron. Otras cayeron en tierra buena; crecieron y dieron fruto, cien veces más.» Después de decir estas cosas gritó, «¡Aquel que tiene oídos para escuchar, que escuche!»
1144:
Padre nuestro que estás en los cielos: Santificado sea tu nombre; venga tu reino; sea hecha tu voluntad, como en el cielo, así también en la tierra. el pan nuestro de cada día, dánoslo hoy; y perdónanos nuestros pecados porque también nosotros perdonamos a todos los que nos deben. Y no nos metas en
1104:
Amaro Dada, oté andré o Tarpe, majarificable sinele tun nao. Abillele tun chim. Sinele querdi tun pesquital andré a jolili, sasta andré o Tarpe. Diñamangue achibes amaro manro de cada chibes. Y amangue ertina amarias visabas, andiar sasta mu ertinamos á os sares, sos debisarelen amangue buchi. Y
1075:
Cuando una gran multitud se reunió y personas de cada ciudad fueron donde Jesús, Él les habló con una parábola. «Un campesino salió a sembrar su semilla. Al sembrar algunas cayeron en la carretera; fueron pisoteadas y se las comieron los pájaros del cielo. Otras semillas cayeron encima de la roca,
1048:
Y sasta se hubiese catanado sueti baribustri, baribustri, y abillasen solictos á ó de los fores, os penó por parabola: Manu chaló abri á chibar desqueri simiente: y al chibarle, yeque aricata peró sunparal al drun, y sinaba hollada, y la jamáron as patrias e Charos. Y aver peró opré bar: y pur se
1124:
Amaro Dat, kai san ando rhaio, te avel cho anav ankerdo Swunto. Chi amperetsia te avel, chi voia te kerdiol pe phuv sar ando rhaio. De amen adies amaro manrho sar swako dies. Iertisar amare bezexa; sar vi ame iertis kodolen kai keren bezexa karing amende. Na mek ame te zhas ando zumaimos; numa
1049:
ardiñó, se secó presas na terelaba humedad. Y aver peró andré jarres, y as jarres, sos ardiñáron sat siró, la mulabáron. Y aver peró andré pu lachi: y ardiñó, y diñó mibao á ciento por yeque. Penado ocono, se chibó á penar á goles: Coin terela canes de junelar, junele.
1671:
Spanish has the meaning of "to woo, to seduce, to deceive by adulation" (but also "to love", "to want"; although this sense has fallen into disuse), but in Caló it more closely matches the
Spanish meanings of
2376:
2337:
1131:
1151:
4725:
2619:
2272:
3828:
2308:
4171:
2373:
2334:
3354:
4314:
4718:
4487:
4183:
4270:
4596:
4195:
4135:
4287:
4159:
4147:
2039:, not even the linguistics community recognized the significance and problems of Caló and its world." Its world includes songs, poetry and flamenco.
4711:
6858:
4014:
2289:
3347:
3006:
4969:
2634:
4405:
2663:
2246:
3340:
86:
2900:
58:
5420:
4342:
3516:
2322:
5352:
5155:
5150:
4668:
2354:
177:
This article is about the Caló language spoken by Romani people in Iberia. For the argot spoken by
Mexican-Americans, see
65:
5094:
4982:
4079:
3033:
2624:
2482:
317:
5255:
5145:
6937:
5370:
2027:
6209:
4007:
3569:
2464:
2213:
164:
105:
72:
39:
6269:
3410:
2999:
4176:
2446:
5557:
5162:
4962:
4477:
4105:
2942:
2554:
2360:
2051:
2036:
307:
281:
2047:
6952:
6902:
6357:
6258:
4398:
3535:
3363:
2884:
2656:
1959:("lad, young boy"), chunga ("bad, nasty, dodgy"), chibar-se ("to denounce sb, to squeal"), chibo ("informer"),
54:
43:
6228:
6165:
5843:
4676:
4035:
1931:
There are a small number of words of Caló (Calão) origin and many of those are indirect loans, borrowed via
6947:
6942:
4000:
3321:
2947:
2503:
6292:
5695:
3730:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1004:
990:
986:
979:
975:
971:
950:
928:
910:
903:
889:
884:
877:
872:
867:
849:
845:
840:
836:
820:
816:
807:
803:
798:
794:
774:
769:
714:
698:
693:
688:
674:
667:
6922:
6907:
6733:
6171:
5140:
5069:
4226:
2992:
2035:
There is a growing awareness and appreciation for Caló: "...until the recent work by Luisa Rojo, in the
6454:
6026:
5461:
5019:
4955:
4734:
4241:
2539:
401:
6917:
6912:
6041:
5953:
5562:
5403:
5118:
5047:
5029:
5012:
5007:
4997:
4524:
4391:
3711:
2755:
2649:
2124:
397:
378:
244:
592:
means 'black' or 'absorbing all light', hence closely resembling words for 'black' and/or 'dark' in
6927:
6746:
6650:
5523:
5471:
5250:
5198:
4367:
4236:
3458:
2717:
142:
4065:
6897:
6114:
5705:
5659:
5540:
5513:
5452:
5389:
5335:
5042:
5002:
4319:
4110:
4050:
3332:
3305:
3169:
2853:
2043:
32:
5710:
4690:
79:
6832:
6048:
5466:
5412:
5064:
4188:
4125:
3508:
2837:
742:
4275:
2247:
The conversation (in
Spanish):Camelar, currar y dar lache: las palabras del caló en el español
6864:
6809:
6615:
6610:
6263:
6241:
6132:
6060:
5883:
5545:
5308:
4865:
4770:
4362:
4309:
4060:
3387:
3300:
3295:
3164:
3139:
2858:
2848:
2831:
2736:
2725:
139:. In particular, Unclear about how many varieties of Caló there are, writing is inconsistent.
6528:
5496:
4574:
146:
6932:
6814:
6588:
6204:
6177:
6103:
5963:
5762:
5690:
5642:
5636:
5599:
5582:
4896:
4798:
4793:
4684:
4569:
4357:
4282:
4212:
4200:
4140:
4090:
3552:
3443:
2814:
2747:
2087:
1111:
1054:
1023:
593:
6598:
6011:
5079:
4758:
4703:
2680:
8:
6299:
6191:
6159:
6153:
5774:
5734:
5700:
5528:
5292:
4535:
4494:
4453:
4352:
4304:
4292:
4260:
4246:
4023:
3744:
3547:
3471:
3448:
3220:
2569:
2294:
2042:
As
Iberian Romani proper is extinct and as Caló is endangered, some people are trying to
1991:
1985:
1973:
1967:
1949:
421:
369:
134:
6562:
5995:
5670:
5604:
4889:
3617:
2702:
6804:
6533:
6389:
6347:
6313:
6307:
6197:
6140:
6097:
6080:
5818:
5811:
5647:
5435:
5376:
5232:
5220:
5099:
5037:
4872:
4586:
4581:
4511:
4434:
4429:
4418:
4347:
4299:
4164:
4152:
4130:
4055:
4045:
3788:
3779:
3762:
3705:
3650:
3644:
3498:
3486:
3476:
3438:
3392:
3235:
3195:
3149:
3103:
3068:
3015:
2599:
1718:
737:
6582:
5074:
1729:
To a lesser extent than in
Spanish, Caló terms have also been adapted into Catalan as
297:
6761:
6740:
6660:
6620:
6479:
6407:
6401:
6325:
6217:
6127:
6068:
5980:
5938:
5739:
5685:
5491:
5476:
5447:
5430:
5340:
5303:
5272:
5260:
5179:
5167:
5084:
5059:
5053:
4978:
4947:
4832:
4775:
4748:
4608:
4591:
4472:
4439:
4326:
3798:
3757:
3678:
3611:
3433:
3420:
3225:
3108:
3073:
2843:
2776:
2587:
2318:
2209:
1705:, the language of another Iberian group of travellers who are not ethnically Romani.
757:
747:
417:
360:
6603:
5572:
5550:
4763:
4115:
3692:
3541:
3521:
2629:
313:
178:
6714:
6704:
6689:
6677:
6593:
6542:
6506:
6484:
6471:
6465:
6394:
6383:
6287:
6252:
6236:
6085:
6073:
6006:
5970:
5958:
5926:
5851:
5823:
5796:
5626:
5621:
5609:
5589:
5577:
5518:
5425:
5382:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5277:
5208:
5192:
5089:
4918:
4853:
4839:
4821:
4816:
4753:
4633:
4626:
4613:
4563:
4550:
4499:
4482:
4414:
3844:
3793:
3724:
3587:
3577:
3481:
3466:
3382:
3367:
3265:
3230:
3205:
3200:
3112:
3078:
3064:
3029:
2879:
2119:
1932:
1757:
1751:
1088:
732:
413:
351:
342:
6892:
6489:
4912:
6798:
6784:
6665:
6567:
6557:
6501:
6352:
6340:
6280:
6275:
6090:
6019:
6001:
5975:
5948:
5878:
5835:
5747:
5728:
5680:
5567:
5533:
5486:
5481:
5203:
5135:
5107:
4885:
4859:
4846:
4826:
4603:
4558:
4504:
4464:
4100:
3823:
3664:
3598:
3592:
3559:
3397:
3273:
3215:
3210:
3084:
3059:
2916:
2820:
2697:
2672:
2558:
2380:
2341:
2114:
1714:
1185:
943:
752:
583:
240:
229:
5801:
4936:
1938:
The examples generally understood by most or all speakers of
Portuguese include
509:
6849:
6756:
6751:
6672:
6552:
6514:
6246:
5806:
5752:
5722:
5614:
5298:
5226:
5172:
4930:
4880:
4650:
4619:
4514:
3866:
3856:
3582:
2962:
2707:
2314:
2075:
1058:
921:
405:
385:
237:
219:
5895:
2391:
2158:
6886:
6791:
6694:
6682:
6414:
6122:
5779:
5717:
5213:
4529:
4519:
3981:
3428:
3144:
2926:
2863:
2771:
2689:
2138:
2067:
1804:
1734:
1618:
1177:
1092:
1062:
648:
381:
274:
3492:
2971:
2054:, enriched by Caló words. His goal is to reunify the Caló and Romani roots.
6573:
6433:
5873:
5828:
4924:
3917:
3631:
3134:
2792:
2730:
2092:
1155:
412:, or a secret language, for discreet communication amongst Iberian Romani.
2522:
2428:
2180:
519:(to do, especially in the context of grafting, to have sex, or steal) and
265:
6635:
6628:
6365:
5931:
3882:
2806:
2583:
2134:
1012:
1000:
896:
661:
643:
393:
389:
5900:
4372:
3968:
2409:
2224:
2098:
1191:
558:
are commonly known in
Portuguese- and Spanish-speaking countries by the
515:
5943:
5913:
5905:
5861:
5856:
5506:
5265:
4095:
3927:
3897:
3240:
2163:
1668:
764:
706:
653:
4383:
3992:
2551:
1708:
6709:
6547:
5889:
5184:
3948:
3907:
3890:
2984:
2641:
1655:
862:
829:
682:
489:
290:
258:
6335:
3814:
2235:
21:
6494:
6330:
6146:
5594:
5442:
3954:
3804:
1659:
1181:
994:
597:
497:
493:
325:
202:
6699:
3362:
2206:
Un vocabulario español-gitano del Marqués de
Sentmenat (1697–1762)
6318:
6183:
5921:
5345:
5330:
4120:
3861:
3850:
3174:
2257:
2129:
2104:
2031:
Lessons in Caló and
Iberian Romani offered in a Barcelona library
1702:
789:
537:
374:
321:
1663:
6520:
5866:
5789:
5769:
5501:
3190:
3154:
2108:
2071:
559:
485:
481:
458:
206:
2602:- further details are given in the page on the website of the
1977:, generally "impact", but in this sense "sudden happiness"),
1917:(lit. "Do a long one" fig. "to pretend to be thick/slow") and
5784:
5757:
2921:
1730:
1696:
1207:
1173:
1172:
Many Caló terms have been borrowed in
Spanish (especially as
503:
Some Caló expressions have been borrowed-into modern Spanish
462:
409:
198:
4733:
2603:
1717:
spoken by makers of agricultural equipment in a village of
1219:
324:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2625:
Romanò-Kalò (As promoted by Juan de Dios Ramírez Heredia)
433:
Spanish caló, or Spanish Romani, was originally known as
1648:
Some words underwent a shift in meaning in the process:
457:, but this word has since acquired the general sense of
430:
are closely related varieties that share a common root.
2498:
2496:
2309:
Diccionario crítico etimológico de la lengua castellana
1737:, most of which were taken adopted from Spanish slang.
4977:
2137:
An Account of the Gypsies of Spain written in 1841 by
2571:"Unión Romaní imparte el primer curso de romanò-kalò"
1217:("boy", originally "son", also present in English as
408:
by the Romani community. It is said to be used as an
5669:
2493:
2078:into Caló. A revision of this was printed in 1872.
966:Notable phonological features of Iberian Caló are:
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2552:The Responsibility of Linguist and the Basque Case
2277:JORGE BORROW: Un inglés al encuentro de lo Español
1693:Caló also appears to have influenced Madrid slang
2111:for The Romani people in Spain also known as Calé
6884:
3932:(Portuguese-based creole with Spanish influence)
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1978:
1960:
1954:
1939:
562:
472:
466:
452:
446:
440:
2290:Traducción de dominio público abierta a mejoras
2261:2013, Dictionary/Romany-English Dictionary/kalo
1301:("to steal"), also present in English slang as
2266:
970:the loss of the distinction between aspirated
605:
600:
445:, or Portuguese Romani, also goes by the term
4963:
4719:
4399:
4008:
3348:
3000:
2976:
2657:
2306:
2070:was published and began to be distributed in
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1741:
1706:
1694:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1649:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1508:
1502:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1189:
1142:
1105:na enseeles amangue andré o chungalo y choro.
1073:
568:
434:
2563:
1132:Romani (Gypsy) New Testament: E Lashi Viasta
1122:
145:. There might be a discussion about this on
6859:languages with more than 5 million speakers
6442:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)
4970:
4956:
4726:
4712:
4406:
4392:
4015:
4001:
3355:
3341:
3007:
2993:
2664:
2650:
2208:Ediciones Universitat de Barcelona (2002)
1102:
1046:
724:It has the following consonant inventory:
617:
611:
587:
577:
553:
547:
541:
531:
425:
1527:("to have sexual relations, to bother"),
622:may have originated as ancient exonyms.
165:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
2635:Diccionario de la Real Academia Española
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2026:
1485:("to leave", "to make oneself scarce"),
523:(to cringe in shame or embarrassment).
4735:Occitano-Romance languages and dialects
4413:
4022:
2074:. This was Borrow's translation of the
2022:
1953:, "man, dude", primarily in Portugal),
1678:("to want" and "to love"). In addition
465:, often with a negative undertone (cf.
318:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
6885:
3014:
2901:Institute for the Languages of Finland
2671:
1859:("to leave, to make oneself scarce"),
625:
4951:
4707:
4387:
4343:Geographic distribution of Portuguese
3996:
3336:
2988:
2975:
2645:
2584:Embéo e Majaró Lucas by George Borrow
2577:
2225:Caló language and alphabet - Omniglot
2191:
2046:the language. The Spanish politician
1990:
1984:
1972:
1966:
1948:
1756:
1750:
1721:, also derives some words from Caló.
1690:can also mean either "lie" or "con".
471:, 'obscene language', lit. low-level
368:
359:
350:
341:
2347:
1513:("to pretend to be absent-minded"),
1114:, translated by George Borrow, 1837.
1082:
610:'black', 'of a dark colour'). Hence
540:of the Romani people in Iberia, and
117:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
4210:Portuguese language Outside Brazil:
2050:promotes Romanò-Kalò, a variant of
13:
6863:Languages between parentheses are
4452:
2152:
546:means 'the language spoken by the
222:in Spain and Portugal) (2015)
14:
6964:
6743:(unknown further classification)
4669:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua
2613:
404:of Romani lexical items, through
2574:, Union Romani, 29 December 2006
1311:("to be appealing to someone"),
1145:tentación, mas líbranos del mal.
1069:Compare with a Spanish version:
122:
20:
2630:List of Spanish words from Caló
2593:
2545:
2533:
2520:
2514:
2475:
2457:
2439:
2426:
2420:
2407:
2401:
2385:
2367:
2361:Diccionario de la Real Academia
2335:Aportacions gitanes al castellà
2328:
2300:
2037:Autonomous University of Madrid
1871:("drink, to drink"), ("pleb"),
1125:skepisar ame katar o nasul iek.
480:The language is also spoken in
451:; it used to be referred to as
31:needs additional citations for
6867:of the language on their left.
6737:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
2317:, Francke Verlag, Bern, 1954.
2282:
2251:
2240:
2229:
2218:
2173:
2062:In 1838, the first edition of
373:) is a language spoken by the
1:
3671:Los Llanos Colombia/Venezuela
2374:Aportacions gitanes al català
2145:
2057:
1926:
184:Mixed Iberian-Romani language
4440:Geo-political distribution (
3322:Andalusian language movement
2948:World Day of Romani Language
2620:The Romany language in Spain
2048:Juan de Dios Ramírez Heredia
718:
713:
711:
697:
692:
687:
673:
666:
630:
526:
7:
6734:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
4677:Institut d'Estudis Catalans
2540:Suplemento do léxico cigano
2521:S.A, Priberam Informática.
2427:S.A, Priberam Informática.
2408:S.A, Priberam Informática.
2101:, a Spanish criminal jargon
2081:
606:
10:
6969:
6436:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish)
5462:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
5256:Central−Southern Calabrian
3961:Coastal Argentina, Uruguay
3829:spoken by Catalan speakers
1889:("outstanding, genuine"),
1724:
1443:("to defecate, to fear"),
1277:("outstanding, genuine"),
1167:
1061:, 8, 4–8, as published by
1037:
176:
6938:Spanish dialects of Spain
6841:
6825:
6776:
6725:
6649:
6453:
6426:
6375:
6227:
6113:
6059:
6040:
5991:
5658:
5411:
5402:
5363:
5243:
5128:
5117:
5028:
4990:
4905:
4809:
4786:
4741:
4660:
4549:
4463:
4450:
4425:
4335:
4255:
4221:
4074:
4030:
3940:
3837:
3775:
3638:Central western Argentina
3568:
3507:
3457:
3419:
3406:
3375:
3314:
3288:
3258:
3183:
3135:Gomeran whistled language
3130:
3121:
3096:
3052:
3043:
3022:
2982:
2977:Links to related articles
2956:
2935:
2909:
2893:
2872:
2805:
2785:
2764:
2746:
2716:
2688:
2679:
2141:with appendix dictionary.
2125:Romani people in Portugal
1707:
1695:
1557:("no way, there isn't"),
1425:("house, gambling den"),
1091:has often been used as a
601:
304:
288:
272:
256:
251:
226:
212:
194:
189:
5744:North American dialects
5251:Extreme Southern Italian
4488:Spelling-to-sound charts
2236:Spanish slang dictionary
1162:
5163:Central−Northern Latian
3718:Colombia-Ecuador border
3306:Valencian Sign Language
3170:Roquetas Pidgin Spanish
2169:(subscription required)
1853:mixed up, to overdo"),
1791:("non-Romani person"),
1521:mixed up, to overdo"),
1389:("slender, graceful"),
1365:("bad, nasty, dodgy"),
1123:
1118:Lovara Balkans Romani:
1103:
1047:
618:
612:
588:
582:and other varieties of
578:
554:
548:
542:
532:
426:
384:ethnic groups. It is a
5467:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
4457:
3364:Dialects and varieties
2392:El català dels gitanos
2307:
2130:Romani people in Spain
2032:
2015:
2009:
2003:
2001:("bad smell of feet),
1997:
1979:
1961:
1955:
1940:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1742:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1650:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1509:
1503:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1190:
1143:
1074:
569:
563:
473:
467:
453:
447:
441:
435:
306:This article contains
6953:Languages of Colombia
6903:Languages of Portugal
5954:Poitevin–Saintongeais
4897:Southern Languedocien
4799:Southern Languedocien
4742:Arverno-Mediterranean
4694: (IRL & FRL)
4456:
4363:Portuguese vocabulary
4111:Florianopolitan/Manês
3301:Catalan Sign Language
3296:Spanish Sign Language
2604:George Borrow Society
2030:
1667:, "love, desire") in
1587:("shut your mouth"),
1545:("drink, to drink"),
1449:("to give, to die"),
1371:("cheeky, soldier"),
635:Caló has six vowels:
5763:St. Marys Bay French
5287:Neapolitan–Calabrese
4691:Fundació Ramon Llull
4358:Portuguese phonology
4126:North Coast/Cearense
4106:Central Northeastern
2600:Embéo E Majaró Lucas
2396:Caçadors de Paraules
2263:(23 September 2016).
2064:Embéo E Majaró Lucas
2052:International Romani
2023:Language maintenance
1134:. Ruth Modrow, 1984.
1112:Embéo e Majaró Lucas
1055:Parable of the Sower
1024:Brazilian Portuguese
594:Indo-Aryan languages
135:confusing or unclear
40:improve this article
6948:Languages of Brazil
6943:Languages of France
6115:Galician–Portuguese
5141:Central Marchigiano
4353:Portuguese diaspora
4024:Portuguese language
3278:Catalan / Valencian
3184:Immigrant languages
3044:Regional / minority
3023:Official / national
2527:Dicionário Priberam
2433:Dicionário Priberam
2414:Dicionário Priberam
2295:World English Bible
1992:[piˈlɛk(ɨ)]
1611:("Romani person"),
1605:("Romani person"),
1569:("to intimidate"),
1271:("silly, stupid"),
1205:("man/woman", from
1158:1569, revised 1960.
626:Linguistic features
392:language in Romani
143:clarify the article
6923:Romani in Portugal
6908:Languages of Spain
6529:Catalan Ribagorçan
6376:Pyrenean–Mozarabic
5648:Judaeo-Piedmontese
5558:Bustocco–Legnanese
5353:Northern Calabrian
4458:
4348:Brazilian diaspora
4148:Curitibano/Sulista
3605:Chiloé Archipelago
3016:Languages of Spain
2885:Bible translations
2673:Romani language(s)
2557:2005-11-20 at the
2379:2011-07-22 at the
2340:2011-07-22 at the
2313:, vol. II, p. 39.
2033:
1995:, "drunkenness"),
1911:("to get upset"),
1803:("language of the
1617:("language of the
1510:hacerse el longuis
1461:("to get upset"),
388:(referred to as a
6880:
6879:
6874:
6873:
6850:extinct languages
6772:
6771:
6449:
6448:
6408:Navarro-Aragonese
6293:Peruvian Ribereño
6218:Judaeo-Portuguese
6133:Galician–Asturian
6036:
6035:
6027:Old Gallo-Romance
5981:Wisconsin Walloon
5398:
5397:
5371:Dalmatian Romance
4979:Romance languages
4945:
4944:
4893:
4875:
4868:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4810:Aquitano-Pyrenean
4802:
4779:
4767:
4701:
4700:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4538:
4525:Personal pronouns
4381:
4380:
4327:Judaeo-Portuguese
4263:
4229:
4082:
4038:
3990:
3989:
3976:
3962:
3933:
3923:
3913:
3903:
3886:
3820:
3810:
3771:
3770:
3752:
3751:Coastal Argentina
3738:
3719:
3700:
3686:
3672:
3658:
3639:
3625:
3624:Central Argentina
3606:
3531:
3330:
3329:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3087:
2969:
2968:
2963:extinct languages
2801:
2800:
2777:Carpathian Romani
2588:Project Gutenberg
2508:Michaelis On-Line
2487:Michaelis On-Line
2469:Michaelis On-Line
2451:Michaelis On-Line
2323:978-84-249-1361-8
2293:derived from the
2167:(18th ed., 2015)
1986:[piˈlɛki]
1633:("drunkenness"),
1289:("god/goddess"),
1180:), often through
1083:The Lord's Prayer
964:
963:
722:
721:
507:(slang), such as
332:
331:
314:rendering support
310:phonetic symbols.
175:
174:
167:
116:
115:
108:
90:
6960:
6918:Romani in France
6913:Romani in Brazil
6395:Judaeo-Aragonese
6384:Andalusi Romance
6237:Amazonic Spanish
6074:Western Asturian
6057:
6056:
5996:Franco-Provençal
5667:
5666:
5563:Comasco–Lecchese
5421:Emilian–Romagnol
5409:
5408:
5209:Regional Italian
5199:Italo-Australian
5126:
5125:
5048:Megleno-Romanian
4972:
4965:
4958:
4949:
4948:
4919:Judaeo-Provençal
4883:
4871:
4864:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4796:
4773:
4761:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4705:
4704:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4564:Northern Catalan
4534:
4478:Phonetic history
4408:
4401:
4394:
4385:
4384:
4323:
4296:
4279:
4259:
4225:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4078:
4034:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3994:
3993:
3974:
3960:
3931:
3922:(mixed language)
3921:
3911:
3901:
3880:
3818:
3808:
3750:
3736:
3717:
3698:
3684:
3670:
3656:
3637:
3623:
3604:
3525:
3417:
3416:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3128:
3127:
3083:
3050:
3049:
3034:a.k.a. Castilian
3009:
3002:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2973:
2972:
2756:Kalderash Romani
2703:Sepečides Romani
2686:
2685:
2681:Romani varieties
2666:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2607:
2597:
2591:
2581:
2575:
2567:
2561:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2405:
2399:
2398:(TV3, edu3.cat).
2389:
2383:
2371:
2365:
2351:
2345:
2332:
2326:
2312:
2304:
2298:
2286:
2280:
2273:Biblia en acción
2270:
2264:
2255:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2202:
2189:
2188:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2156:
2120:Spanish language
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1712:
1700:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1653:
1644:
1639:("myself"), and
1638:
1632:
1626:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1512:
1506:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1195:
1147:
1127:
1107:
1078:
1051:
1042:Spanish Romani:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1006:
992:
988:
981:
977:
973:
952:
930:
912:
905:
891:
886:
879:
874:
869:
851:
847:
842:
838:
822:
818:
809:
805:
800:
796:
776:
771:
727:
726:
716:
700:
695:
690:
676:
669:
638:
637:
621:
615:
609:
604:
603:
591:
581:
572:
566:
557:
552:'. However, the
551:
545:
535:
476:
470:
456:
450:
444:
438:
429:
372:
367:
363:
358:
354:
349:
345:
340:
300:
284:
268:
261:
232:
187:
186:
170:
163:
159:
156:
150:
126:
125:
118:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
6968:
6967:
6963:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6928:Romani in Spain
6883:
6882:
6881:
6876:
6875:
6870:
6837:
6821:
6799:Pannonian Latin
6785:African Romance
6768:
6721:
6652:
6645:
6583:Judeo-Provençal
6456:
6445:
6422:
6371:
6281:Chilean Chilote
6223:
6109:
6050:
6046:
6043:
6032:
6020:Moselle Romance
5987:
5836:Missouri French
5797:Franco-Ontarian
5672:
5661:
5654:
5394:
5359:
5336:Southern Latian
5239:
5204:Maltese Italian
5136:Central Italian
5120:
5113:
5108:Common Romanian
5024:
5008:Italo-Dalmatian
4986:
4976:
4946:
4941:
4906:Other varieties
4901:
4860:Western Catalan
4827:Eastern Catalan
4805:
4787:Central Occitan
4782:
4778:and Waldensian)
4737:
4732:
4702:
4697:
4688: and
4656:
4566:(Roussillonese)
4559:Central Catalan
4545:
4459:
4448:
4442:Països Catalans
4421:
4412:
4382:
4377:
4331:
4317:
4290:
4273:
4257:
4251:
4223:
4217:
4198:
4186:
4174:
4172:Serra amazônica
4162:
4150:
4138:
4076:
4070:
4032:
4026:
4021:
3991:
3986:
3975:Central America
3936:
3833:
3777:
3767:
3657:Coastal Ecuador
3564:
3503:
3459:Central America
3453:
3408:
3402:
3376:Africa and Asia
3371:
3361:
3331:
3326:
3310:
3284:
3246:
3179:
3123:
3117:
3092:
3045:
3039:
3018:
3013:
2978:
2970:
2965:
2952:
2943:Standardization
2931:
2917:Khrlo e Romengo
2905:
2889:
2868:
2821:Bohemian Romani
2807:Mixed varieties
2797:
2786:Proto-languages
2781:
2760:
2742:
2718:Northern Romani
2712:
2698:Rumelian Romani
2675:
2670:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2594:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2564:
2559:Wayback Machine
2550:
2546:
2542:. Mundo Cigano.
2538:
2534:
2519:
2515:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2425:
2421:
2406:
2402:
2390:
2386:
2381:Wayback Machine
2372:
2368:
2352:
2348:
2342:Wayback Machine
2333:
2329:
2305:
2301:
2287:
2283:
2271:
2267:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2219:
2203:
2192:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2115:Romani language
2095:(Basque Romani)
2084:
2060:
2025:
1974:[ˈbakɨ]
1968:[ˈbaki]
1950:[ˈɡaʒu]
1945:
1929:
1914:fer el llonguis
1899:, to squeal"),
1758:[xəˈla]
1752:[həˈla]
1747:
1727:
1501:, to squeal"),
1247:("excellent"),
1186:criminal jargon
1182:flamenco lyrics
1170:
1165:
1150:Luke, 11, 2-4,
1130:Luke, 11, 2-4,
1110:Luke, 11, 2-4,
1085:
1040:
633:
628:
529:
448:lusitano-romani
398:Romance grammar
370:[kɐˈlɔ]
365:
361:[kaˈlɔ]
356:
352:[kəˈlo]
347:
343:[kaˈlo]
338:
312:Without proper
296:
280:
277:
264:
257:
247:
245:Iberian Romance
233:
230:Language family
228:
215:
214:Native speakers
185:
182:
171:
160:
154:
151:
140:
127:
123:
112:
101:
95:
92:
55:"Caló language"
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
6966:
6956:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6898:Cant languages
6895:
6878:
6877:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6861:
6852:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6835:
6829:
6827:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6802:
6795:
6788:
6780:
6778:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6766:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6738:
6729:
6727:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6680:
6670:
6669:
6668:
6657:
6655:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6618:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6550:
6540:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6523:
6518:
6515:Judaeo-Catalan
6511:
6510:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6482:
6474:
6461:
6459:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6443:
6437:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6404:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6387:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6362:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6322:
6321:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6270:Latin American
6266:
6261:
6249:
6247:Judaeo-Spanish
6244:
6239:
6233:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6201:
6200:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6174:
6169:
6162:
6150:
6143:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6125:
6119:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6100:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6083:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6065:
6063:
6054:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6023:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5898:
5893:
5876:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5821:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5787:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5742:
5737:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5677:
5675:
5664:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5640:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5560:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5516:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5417:
5415:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5390:Judaeo-Italian
5387:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5258:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5223:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5132:
5130:
5123:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5050:
5045:
5043:Istro-Romanian
5040:
5034:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5000:
4994:
4992:
4991:Major branches
4988:
4987:
4983:classification
4975:
4974:
4967:
4960:
4952:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4931:Judaeo-Catalan
4928:
4922:
4916:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4869:
4862:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4824:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4768:
4756:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4738:
4731:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4708:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4681:
4673:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4651:Judaeo-Catalan
4648:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4611:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4527:
4522:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4411:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4388:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4285:
4280:
4267:
4265:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4206:
4205:
4193:
4181:
4169:
4157:
4145:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4086:
4084:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4028:
4027:
4020:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3997:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3924:
3914:
3904:
3894:
3887:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3867:Tetuani Ladino
3857:Judaeo-Spanish
3854:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3811:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3727:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3708:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3538:
3533:
3513:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3414:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3289:Sign languages
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3271:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3259:Standard forms
3256:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3076:
3071:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2967:
2966:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2854:Romano-Serbian
2851:
2846:
2841:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2708:Zargari Romani
2705:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2627:
2622:
2615:
2614:External links
2612:
2609:
2608:
2592:
2576:
2562:
2544:
2532:
2513:
2492:
2474:
2456:
2438:
2419:
2400:
2384:
2366:
2346:
2327:
2315:Joan Corominas
2299:
2281:
2265:
2250:
2239:
2228:
2217:
2190:
2172:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2083:
2080:
2076:Gospel of Luke
2066:translated by
2059:
2056:
2024:
2021:
2007:("to leave"),
1928:
1925:
1905:("informer"),
1895:("to denounce
1865:("to sleep"),
1837:("to steal"),
1831:("to steal"),
1735:colloquialisms
1726:
1723:
1656:etymologically
1584:achanta la muí
1551:("to steal"),
1507:("informer"),
1497:("to denounce
1491:("to break"),
1407:("to sleep"),
1383:("pretence"),
1178:colloquialisms
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1148:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1098:Spanish Caló:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1067:
1066:
1052:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
998:
985:the merger of
983:
974:, unaspirated
962:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
948:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
926:
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
908:
906:
901:
899:
893:
892:
887:
882:
880:
875:
870:
865:
859:
858:
856:
854:
852:
843:
834:
832:
826:
825:
823:
814:
812:
810:
801:
792:
786:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
772:
767:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
720:
719:
717:
712:
710:
702:
701:
696:
691:
686:
678:
677:
672:
670:
665:
657:
656:
651:
646:
641:
632:
629:
627:
624:
528:
525:
424:, and Spanish
406:language shift
386:mixed language
330:
329:
316:, you may see
302:
301:
294:
286:
285:
278:
273:
270:
269:
262:
254:
253:
252:Language codes
249:
248:
236:
234:
227:
224:
223:
216:
213:
210:
209:
196:
195:Native to
192:
191:
183:
179:Caló (Chicano)
173:
172:
130:
128:
121:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6965:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6866:
6862:
6860:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6840:
6834:
6833:Proto-Romance
6831:
6830:
6828:
6826:Reconstructed
6824:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6800:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6792:British Latin
6789:
6787:
6786:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6775:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6691:
6688:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6674:
6671:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6648:
6638:
6637:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6612:
6611:Vivaro-Alpine
6609:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6584:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6544:
6541:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6452:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6417:
6416:
6415:Old Navarrese
6412:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6310:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6286:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6267:
6265:
6264:Equatoguinean
6262:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6167:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6045:
6039:
6029:
6028:
6024:
6022:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5916:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5718:Frainc-Comtou
5716:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5657:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5634:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5514:Judeo-Italian
5512:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5391:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5354:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5309:Castelmezzano
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5215:
5214:Swiss Italian
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5095:Transylvanian
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5054:Daco-Romanian
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5003:Italo-Western
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4984:
4980:
4973:
4968:
4966:
4961:
4959:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4913:Old Provençal
4911:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4882:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4866:North-Western
4863:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4800:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4777:
4772:
4771:Vivaro-Alpine
4769:
4765:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4729:
4724:
4722:
4717:
4715:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:Organizations
4659:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4570:North-Western
4568:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4473:Pronunciation
4471:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4455:
4445:
4443:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4404:
4402:
4397:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:East Timorese
4235:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4006:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3983:
3980:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3819:(Extremadura)
3817:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3774:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3570:South America
3567:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:United States
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3509:North America
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3411:Interamerican
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3388:Equatoguinean
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3346:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3042:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2981:
2974:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2927:Sutka City TV
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:Organizations
2892:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2864:Scottish Cant
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2838:Laiuse Romani
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Baltic Romani
2770:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2690:Balkan Romani
2687:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2262:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2214:84-8338-333-0
2211:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2140:
2139:George Borrow
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:George Borrow
2065:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1843:("to like"),
1841:
1835:
1829:
1825:("to nick"),
1823:
1819:("to nick"),
1817:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1761:; "to eat"),
1759:
1753:
1744:
1740:Examples are
1738:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1684:and the noun
1682:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1581:("to nick"),
1579:
1575:("to nick"),
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1539:("to flee"),
1537:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1241:("to work"),
1239:
1233:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1199:Examples are
1197:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1157:
1153:
1152:Spanish Bible
1149:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:parallel text
1090:
1089:Lord's Prayer
1077:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1063:George Borrow
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1025:
1014:
1002:
999:
996:
984:
969:
968:
967:
960:
958:
956:
954:
949:
947:
945:
942:
941:
938:
936:
934:
932:
927:
925:
923:
920:
919:
916:
914:
909:
907:
902:
900:
898:
895:
894:
888:
883:
881:
876:
871:
866:
864:
861:
860:
857:
855:
853:
844:
835:
833:
831:
828:
827:
824:
815:
813:
811:
802:
793:
791:
788:
787:
784:
782:
780:
778:
773:
768:
766:
763:
762:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
728:
725:
709:
708:
704:
703:
685:
684:
680:
679:
671:
664:
663:
659:
658:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
639:
636:
623:
620:
614:
608:
599:
595:
590:
585:
580:
574:
571:
565:
561:
556:
550:
544:
539:
534:
524:
522:
518:
517:
513:(to seduce),
512:
511:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
475:
469:
464:
460:
455:
449:
443:
439:. Portuguese
437:
431:
428:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
380:
376:
371:
362:
353:
344:
336:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
309:
303:
299:
295:
293:
292:
287:
283:
279:
276:
275:Linguist List
271:
267:
263:
260:
255:
250:
246:
242:
239:
235:
231:
225:
221:
217:
211:
208:
204:
200:
197:
193:
188:
180:
169:
166:
158:
148:
147:the talk page
144:
138:
136:
131:This article
129:
120:
119:
110:
107:
99:
96:December 2023
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
6854:
6845:
6797:
6790:
6783:
6732:
6634:
6627:
6589:Languedocien
6581:
6574:Judeo-Gascon
6572:
6513:
6464:
6439:
6434:Barranquenho
6413:
6406:
6382:
6364:
6306:
6268:
6251:
6242:Extremaduran
6216:
6190:
6176:
6164:
6152:
6145:
6102:
6061:Asturleonese
6025:
6018:
5976:West Walloon
5964:Saintongeais
5912:
5888:
5884:Anglo-Norman
5842:
5775:Newfoundland
5735:Jersey Legal
5727:
5635:
5600:Southwestern
5583:Vallassinese
5472:Gallo-Picene
5413:Gallo-Italic
5375:
5291:
5286:
5225:
5191:
5106:
5052:
4937:Catalan Caló
4925:Judeo-Gascon
4794:Languedocien
4689:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4646:Catalan Caló
4645:
4441:
4315:Transmontano
4209:
4089:
4080:Pan-American
4075:Pan-American
4051:Cape Verdean
3967:
3953:
3947:
3926:
3918:Media Lengua
3916:
3906:
3896:
3889:
3876:
3875:
3849:
3813:
3803:
3743:
3737:Coastal Peru
3729:
3710:
3699:Paisa Region
3691:
3677:
3663:
3649:
3630:
3616:
3597:
3553:Sabine River
3540:
3527:
3522:
3491:
3444:Puerto Rican
3370:by continent
3165:Erromintxela
3159:
3122:Unrecognised
2958:
2859:Scandoromani
2849:Romano-Greek
2836:
2832:Erromintxela
2826:
2819:
2793:Early Romani
2737:Welsh Romani
2735:
2731:Sinte Romani
2726:Finnish Kalo
2633:
2595:
2579:
2570:
2565:
2547:
2535:
2526:
2516:
2507:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2450:
2441:
2432:
2422:
2413:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2369:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2330:
2302:
2288:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2258:
2253:
2242:
2231:
2220:
2205:
2184:
2175:
2162:
2154:
2093:Erromintxela
2063:
2061:
2041:
2034:
1937:
1930:
1896:
1850:
1813:("prison"),
1805:Iberian Kale
1779:("to die"),
1773:("to die"),
1739:
1728:
1692:
1662:
1647:
1619:Iberian Kale
1533:("little"),
1518:
1514:
1498:
1455:("to die"),
1431:("to eat"),
1302:
1218:
1206:
1198:
1171:
1156:Reina-Valera
1137:
1117:
1097:
1086:
1068:
1041:
1013:front vowels
965:
743:Postalveolar
723:
705:
681:
660:
634:
575:
530:
520:
514:
508:
504:
502:
479:
432:
334:
333:
305:
289:
161:
152:
141:Please help
132:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
6933:Para-Romani
6810:Campidanese
6636:Old Catalan
6629:Old Occitan
6366:Old Spanish
6300:Rioplatense
6104:Old Leonese
5932:Cotentinais
5896:Guernésiais
5819:Frenchville
5812:New England
5691:Bourbonnais
5643:Piedmontese
5637:Old Lombard
5529:Bergamasque
5453:Sammarinese
4884:(including
4797:(excepting
4774:(including
4762:(including
4680: (IEC)
4672: (AVL)
4536:Conjugation
4495:Orthography
4318: [
4291: [
4274: [
4199: [
4187: [
4184:Brasiliense
4175: [
4163: [
4151: [
4139: [
3883:Para-Romani
3745:Rioplatense
3685:Zulia State
3548:New Mexican
3536:Californian
3472:Costa Rican
3449:Trinidadian
3053:Co-official
2815:Angloromani
2748:Vlax Romani
2204:Adiego, I.
2135:The Zincali
2088:Angloromani
2019:("crazy").
1883:("stink"),
1877:("shame"),
1797:("money"),
1776:palmar(-la)
1770:dinyar(-la)
1658:related to
1645:("heart").
1627:("money"),
1563:("thief"),
1479:("crazy"),
1419:("house"),
1353:("shame"),
1347:("mouth"),
1295:("demon"),
1259:("cold"),
1229:("money"),
1208:gadjo/gadji
1202:gachó/gachí
1011:before the
1001:affrication
978:and voiced
972:/pʰtʰkʰtʃʰ/
897:Approximant
468:baixo calão
396:) based on
394:linguistics
390:Para-Romani
366:Portuguese:
320:instead of
205:, south of
6887:Categories
6857:indicates
6815:Logudorese
6348:Philippine
6314:Andalusian
6308:Peninsular
6198:Estremenho
6154:Portuguese
6081:Cantabrian
5914:Law French
5906:Sercquiais
5740:Meridional
5701:Champenois
5696:Burgundian
5507:Tabarchino
5497:Monégasque
5436:Parmigiano
5293:Neapolitan
5266:Manduriano
5233:Florentine
5100:Wallachian
5070:Bukovinian
4575:Ribagorçan
4435:Literature
4310:Oliventine
4300:Estremenho
4131:Paulistano
4096:Amazofonia
4066:São Tomean
4061:Mozambican
3928:Papiamento
3898:Palenquero
3789:Andalusian
3780:Peninsular
3763:Venezuelan
3706:Paraguayan
3651:Equatorial
3645:Ecuadorian
3499:Salvadoran
3487:Nicaraguan
3477:Guatemalan
3439:Panamanian
3393:Philippine
3221:Portuguese
3150:Cantabrian
3097:Recognised
2185:Ethnologue
2164:Ethnologue
2146:References
2058:Literature
2044:revitalise
1946:pronounced
1927:Portuguese
1923:("luck").
1908:xinar(-se)
1856:pirar(-se)
1785:("fear"),
1748:pronounced
1669:colloquial
1599:("fear"),
1467:("lame"),
1377:("fake"),
1359:("vain"),
1341:("nose"),
1335:("face"),
1329:("head"),
1323:("eyes"),
1265:("baby"),
1253:("feet"),
422:Portuguese
400:, with an
379:Portuguese
137:to readers
66:newspapers
6865:varieties
6848:indicate
6805:Sardinian
6762:Triestine
6710:Sursilvan
6621:Mentonasc
6599:Provençal
6548:Auvergnat
6534:Valencian
6490:Mallorcan
6480:Algherese
6455:Occitano-
6402:Navarrese
6390:Aragonese
6326:Castilian
6229:Castilian
6205:Uruguayan
6178:Brazilian
6141:Minderico
6135:/Eonavian
6098:Mirandese
6012:Valdôtain
5998:/Arpitan
5939:Orléanais
5890:Auregnais
5874:Mayennais
5824:Louisiana
5706:Ardennais
5686:Berrichon
5492:Intemelio
5448:Forlivese
5431:Bolognese
5377:Dalmatian
5341:Tarantino
5304:Benevento
5261:Salentino
5221:Sassarese
5185:Gallurese
5168:Romanesco
5121:Dalmatian
5085:Moldavian
5080:Maramureș
5038:Aromanian
4873:Valencian
4833:Algherese
4776:Mentonasc
4759:Provençal
4749:Auvergnat
4609:Alguerese
4582:Valencian
4551:Varieties
4483:IPA guide
4419:Valencian
4368:Phonology
4283:Alentejan
4213:Uruguayan
4196:Recifense
4136:Sertanejo
4091:Brazilian
3949:Cocoliche
3908:Chavacano
3891:Spanglish
3809:(Galicia)
3799:Castilian
3758:Uruguayan
3679:Maracucho
3612:Colombian
3434:Dominican
3421:Caribbean
3236:Ukrainian
3196:Bulgarian
3140:Estremeñu
3124:languages
3104:Aragonese
3069:Valencian
3046:languages
2961:indicate
2880:Alphabets
2523:"Chalado"
2465:"Pileque"
2429:"Chavalo"
1849:("to get
1767:("boy"),
1731:slangisms
1517:("to get
1437:("hit"),
1401:("old"),
1317:("bed"),
1280:(un)debel
1262:churumbel
1174:slangisms
1138:Spanish:
863:Fricative
830:Affricate
631:Phonology
527:Etymology
521:dar lache
490:Venezuela
402:adstratum
357:Galician:
291:Glottolog
259:ISO 639-3
6741:Venetian
6715:Vallader
6705:Surmiran
6678:Cadorino
6661:Friulian
6594:Limousin
6563:Béarnese
6525:Western
6507:Northern
6495:Menorcan
6485:Balearic
6476:Eastern
6472:dialects
6331:Castrapo
6288:Peruvian
6259:dialects
6192:European
6160:dialects
6147:Portugis
6128:Galician
6069:Asturian
6007:Savoyard
5959:Poitevin
5927:Cauchois
5901:Jèrriais
5748:Canadian
5627:Varesino
5622:Ticinese
5610:Novarese
5605:Cremunés
5595:Ossolano
5590:Milanese
5578:Lecchese
5546:Brianzöö
5477:Ligurian
5443:Romagnol
5324:Arianese
5319:Irpinian
5314:Cilentan
5278:Pantesco
5273:Sicilian
5244:Southern
5180:Corsican
5156:Macerata
5151:Fabriano
5090:Oltenian
5060:dialects
5020:Southern
4890:Béarnese
4854:Northern
4840:Balearic
4822:dialects
4754:Limousin
4685:Institut
4634:Minorcan
4627:Majorcan
4614:Balearic
4597:Southern
4587:Northern
4500:Alphabet
4373:Portuñol
4336:See also
4305:Nortenho
4288:Algarvio
4271:Açoriano
4261:European
4256:European
3969:Malespín
3955:Lunfardo
3912:(creole)
3902:(creole)
3845:Standard
3805:Castrapo
3794:Canarian
3731:Ribereño
3725:Peruvian
3618:Cordobés
3588:Bolivian
3578:Amazonic
3482:Honduran
3467:Belizean
3407:Americas
3383:Canarian
3315:See also
3281:Galician
3270:Asturian
3226:Romanian
3109:Asturian
3074:Galician
2844:Lomavren
2555:Archived
2377:Archived
2338:Archived
2099:Germanía
2082:See also
2004:pirar-se
1892:xivar-se
1782:cangueli
1660:Sanskrit
1596:cangueli
1590:canguelo
1566:achantar
1530:chinorri
1494:chivarse
1458:chinarse
1250:pinreles
1232:currelar
1192:germanía
1033:> , .
995:betacism
738:Alveolar
598:Sanskrit
498:Colombia
494:Portugal
418:Galician
348:Catalan:
339:Spanish:
326:Help:IPA
298:calo1236
282:rmq.html
218:60,000 (
203:Portugal
155:May 2022
6846:Italics
6747:Chipilo
6690:Romansh
6653:Romance
6651:Rhaeto-
6616:Gardiol
6568:Landese
6558:Aranese
6543:Occitan
6502:Central
6466:Catalan
6457:Romance
6358:Creoles
6353:Saharan
6341:Murcian
6319:Llanito
6276:Chilean
6253:Spanish
6210:Creoles
6184:Mineiro
6166:African
6091:Riberan
6086:Leonese
6051:Iberian
6044:Romance
5971:Walloon
5944:Paydret
5922:Augeron
5862:Vosgien
5857:Gaumais
5852:Lorrain
5844:Creoles
5807:Muskrat
5753:Acadian
5681:Angevin
5671:Langues
5662:Romance
5568:Comasco
5541:Western
5534:Cremish
5524:Eastern
5519:Lombard
5487:Genoese
5482:Brigasc
5426:Emilian
5404:Western
5383:Istriot
5346:Vastese
5331:Molisan
5193:Italian
5129:Central
5075:Crișana
5030:Eastern
5013:Western
4998:Eastern
4886:Aranese
4847:Central
4817:Catalan
4604:Insular
4592:Central
4512:Morpho-
4505:Braille
4465:Grammar
4430:History
4415:Catalan
4160:Carioca
4121:Mineiro
4101:Caipira
4056:Guinean
4046:Angolan
4036:African
4031:African
3941:Extinct
3862:Haketia
3851:Llanito
3824:Murcian
3712:Pastuso
3665:Llanero
3599:Chilote
3593:Chilean
3560:Mexican
3528:Chicano
3493:Pachuco
3398:Saharan
3368:Spanish
3266:Spanish
3231:Russian
3206:Italian
3201:English
3175:Tarifit
3113:Leonese
3085:Aranese
3079:Occitan
3065:Catalan
3030:Spanish
2959:Italics
2936:Related
2873:Writing
2632:in the
2504:"Pirar"
2483:"Chulé"
2447:"Baque"
2410:"gajão"
2358:in the
2355:camelar
2105:Gitanos
2016:chalado
1980:pileque
1956:chavalo
1933:Spanish
1880:catipén
1846:pringar
1725:Catalan
1719:Segovia
1709:Gacería
1703:quinqui
1681:camelar
1651:camelar
1642:galochi
1560:chorizo
1524:chingar
1515:pringar
1504:chivato
1488:changar
1482:pirarse
1470:chalado
1356:pitingo
1303:to chaw
1168:Spanish
1065:in 1838
1038:Samples
980:/bdɡdʒ/
976:/ptktʃ/
790:Plosive
758:Glottal
748:Palatal
649:Central
570:gitanos
564:ciganos
560:exonyms
538:endonym
536:is the
510:camelar
436:zincaló
414:Catalan
375:Spanish
322:Unicode
133:may be
80:scholar
6777:Others
6757:Talian
6752:Fiuman
6726:Others
6666:Fornes
6604:Niçard
6553:Gascon
6521:Patuet
6427:Others
6336:Castúo
6042:Ibero-
6002:Faetar
5949:Picard
5879:Norman
5867:Welche
5790:Magoua
5780:Quebec
5770:Brayon
5729:French
5711:Rémois
5660:Gallo-
5615:Pavese
5573:Laghée
5551:Canzés
5502:Royasc
5364:Others
5299:Barese
5227:Tuscan
5173:Sabino
5146:Ancona
5119:Italo-
4881:Gascon
4764:Niçard
4620:Ibizan
4515:syntax
4116:Gaúcho
3815:Castúo
3776:Europe
3632:Cuyano
3583:Andean
3542:Isleño
3274:Basque
3243:, etc.
3216:German
3211:French
3191:Arabic
3155:Darija
3060:Basque
2321:
2259:Glosbe
2212:
2181:"Caló"
2109:exonym
2072:Madrid
2010:pirado
1902:xivato
1868:privar
1834:mangar
1822:birlar
1816:pispar
1810:cangrí
1687:camelo
1675:querer
1578:birlar
1572:pispar
1548:mangar
1542:privar
1476:pirado
1464:langui
1452:palmar
1422:garito
1398:pureta
1386:juncal
1380:paripé
1368:guripa
1362:chungo
1314:piltra
1298:chorar
1292:mengue
1274:chachi
1256:biruji
1238:currar
1214:chaval
1009:/tʃdʒ/
733:Labial
596:(e.g.
584:Romani
516:currar
486:France
482:Brazil
459:jargon
382:Romani
241:Romani
207:France
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
6700:Putèr
6695:Jauer
6683:Nones
6673:Ladin
6172:Asian
5829:Houma
5802:Métis
5785:Joual
5758:Chiac
5723:Gallo
5673:d'oïl
5065:Banat
4530:Verbs
4520:Nouns
4322:]
4295:]
4278:]
4247:Macau
4227:Asian
4222:Asian
4203:]
4191:]
4179:]
4167:]
4155:]
4143:]
3982:Bozal
3838:Other
3693:Paisa
3429:Cuban
2922:RTK 2
2910:Media
2765:Other
1998:chulé
1962:baque
1920:potra
1862:sobar
1840:molar
1828:xorar
1794:calés
1764:xaval
1743:halar
1697:cheli
1636:menda
1630:curda
1624:calas
1554:nanay
1536:najar
1446:diñar
1440:jiñar
1428:jalar
1416:queli
1404:sobar
1350:lache
1338:napia
1326:chola
1320:acais
1308:molar
1286:debla
1244:fetén
1226:parné
1163:Loans
944:Trill
765:Nasal
753:Velar
662:Close
644:Front
505:jerga
474:calão
463:slang
454:calão
410:argot
238:mixed
199:Spain
87:JSTOR
73:books
6893:Calé
6855:Bold
6440:Caló
6123:Fala
6049:West
4888:and
4242:Goan
3952:and
3877:Caló
3523:Caló
3160:Caló
3145:Fala
2827:Caló
2319:ISBN
2210:ISBN
2159:Caló
2013:and
1941:gajo
1886:xaxi
1874:laxe
1807:"),
1800:caló
1788:paio
1733:and
1715:cant
1713:, a
1701:and
1664:kāma
1621:"),
1614:caló
1608:calé
1602:cañí
1434:cate
1410:quer
1392:pure
1332:jeró
1268:gilí
1220:chav
1184:and
1176:and
1087:The
1059:Luke
1031:/di/
1027:/ti/
1022:cf.
1020:/e̞/
1018:and
1005:/td/
989:and
707:Open
654:Back
619:calé
616:and
613:caló
607:kāla
589:kalo
579:caló
567:and
555:calé
549:calé
543:caló
533:Calé
496:and
442:caló
427:caló
377:and
335:Caló
190:Caló
59:news
3366:of
2586:at
2161:at
2107:an
1755:or
1593:or
1473:or
1413:or
1395:or
1374:ful
1344:muí
1283:or
1235:or
1223:),
1211:),
1196:).
1016:/i/
1007:to
1003:of
991:/v/
987:/b/
922:Tap
850:d͡ʒ
846:t͡ʃ
841:d͡z
837:t͡s
683:Mid
602:काल
576:In
477:).
461:or
308:IPA
266:rmq
42:by
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4417:/
4320:pt
4293:pt
4276:pt
4201:pt
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4141:pt
3241:Wu
3111:/
3067:/
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868:f
848:⠀
839:⠀
821:ɡ
819:⠀
817:k
808:d
806:⠀
804:t
799:b
797:⠀
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775:n
770:m
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