Jeanne Calment - Knowledge

299:, Fernand Nicolas Calment (1868–1942). Their paternal grandfathers were brothers, and their paternal grandmothers were sisters. He had reportedly started courting her when she was 15, but Jeanne was "too young to be interested in boys". Fernand was heir to a drapery business located in a classic Provençal-style building in the centre of Arles, and the couple moved into a spacious apartment above the family store. Jeanne employed servants and never had to work; she led a leisurely lifestyle within the upper society of Arles, pursuing hobbies such as fencing, cycling, tennis, swimming, rollerskating, playing the piano, and making music with friends. In the summer, the couple would stay at 192: 566:

subjective and nonrigorous analysis", and Young saying that "gnoring the actual facts of the case and stringing together opinions in a 'Bayesian' analysis are to merely misuse a mathematical tool". Young said to have found that "a very solid case that Jeanne was 122 years has already been made" but that biosampling still was needed to test "for biomarkers of extraordinary longevity". Robin-Champigneul stated that "the hypothesis of an identity swap with her daughter appears not even realistic given the context and the facts, and not supported by evidence".

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switch. Michel Allard, the second doctor who helped verify Calment's records, said that the team had considered the identity-switch hypothesis while Calment was still alive because she looked younger than her daughter in photographs, but similar discrepancies in the rates of aging are commonly found in families with centenarian members. Allard and Robine also mentioned the existence of numerous documents relating to Calment's activities throughout her life, and that Novoselov and Zak brought no evidence forward to support their hypothesis.

482:, where the differences are usually by months or weeks. There have been various speculations about the authenticity of her age. In 2018, Russian gerontologist Valery Novoselov and mathematician Nikolay Zak revived the hypothesis that Jeanne died in 1934 and her daughter Yvonne, born in 1898, assumed her mother's official identity and was therefore 99 years old when she died in 1997; however, Zak had difficulty getting published. A Russian scientific journal found his paper too informal, as did the 372:'s move to Arles, which occurred from February 1888 to April 1889 when she was 13 and 14 years old. Calment claimed to reporters that she had met van Gogh at that time, introduced to him by her future husband in her uncle's fabric shop. She remembered that van Gogh gave her a condescending look, as if unimpressed by her. She described his personality as ugly, ungracious, and "very disagreeable", adding that he "reeked of alcohol". Calment said that she forgave van Gogh for his bad manners. 288: 403:. As a result of Izumi's validation being withdrawn, Calment had already been the oldest person ever since surpassing the age of Easter Wiggins on 30 March 1991. Far exceeding any other verified human lifespan, Calment is widely reckoned as the best-documented supercentenarian recorded. For example, she was listed in fourteen census records, beginning in 1876 as a one-year-old infant. After Calment's death, at 122 years and 164 days, then almost 117-year-old 328:. By the 1954 census, she was still registered in the same apartment, together with her son-in-law, retired Colonel Billot, Yvonne's widower; the census documents list Jeanne as "mother" in 1954 and "widow" in 1962. Her grandson Frédéric Billot lived next door with his wife Renée. Her brother François died in 1962, aged 97. Her son-in-law Joseph died in January 1963, and her grandson Frédéric died in an automobile accident in August of the same year. 44: 840: 463: 424:

verification of her age began in 1995 when she turned 120, and was conducted over a full year. She was asked questions about documented details concerning relatives, and about people and places from her early life, for instance teachers or maids. A great deal of emphasis was put on a series of documents from population censuses, in which Calment was named from 1876 to 1975. The family's membership in the local Catholic

1432:, p. 37: "The young Jeanne would have found him course and Ill bread, because, for her it was important to have good manners. "Very ugly, and ungracious, and impolite, crazy. I forgave him. They called him the Nut." On other occasions she admitted, "One day my husband-to-be wanted to introduce me to him. He looked me up and down with a dirty look, as if to say, not much there. That was enough for me." 279:, she replied that "when you are young, you get up at eight o'clock". In lieu of a solid breakfast, she would have either coffee with milk, or hot chocolate, and at noon her father would pick her up from school to have lunch at home before she returned to school for the afternoon. In the following years, she continued to live with her parents, awaiting marriage, painting, and improving her piano skills. 343:(€380) until her death. Raffray died on 25 December 1995, by which time Calment had received more than double the apartment's value from him, and his family had to continue making payments. She commented on the situation by saying, "in life, one sometimes makes bad deals". In 1985, she moved into a nursing home, having lived on her own until age 110. A documentary film about her life, entitled 826: 675:. In the afternoon, she would take a nap for two hours in her armchair, and then visit her neighbours in the care home, telling them about the latest news she had heard on the radio. At nightfall, she would dine quickly, return to her room, listen to music (her poor eyesight preventing her from enjoying her 529:

wrote that "statistically improbable is not the same thing as statistically impossible", that Novoselov and Zak's claims are generally dismissed by the overwhelming majority of experts, and found them "lacking, if not outright deficient". In September 2019, several French scientists, including Robine

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helped researchers find corroborating chains of documentary evidence. Calment's father had been a member of the city council, and her husband owned a large drapery and clothing business. The family lived in two apartments located in the same building as the store, one for Calment, her husband and his

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for being alive and for the beautiful day which was starting. She sometimes loudly asked the reason for her longevity and why she was the only one to be still alive in her family. Seated on her armchair, she did gymnastics wearing her stereo headset. Her exercises included flexing and stretching the

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after meals, but she did not smoke outside these post-meal occasions. Calment continued smoking in her elderly years until she was 117. At "retirement age", she broke her ankle, but before that had never suffered any major injuries. She continued cycling until her hundredth birthday. Around age 100,

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In 1994, the city of Arles inquired about Calment's personal documents, in order to contribute to the city archives. However, reportedly on Calment's instructions, her documents and family photographs were selectively burned by a distant family member, Josette Bigonnet, a cousin of her grandson. The

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At the age of 115, Calment attracted the attention of researchers Jean-Marie Robine and Michel Allard, who collaborated with her attending doctor, Victor Lèbre, to interview her, verify her age and identify factors promoting her longevity. According to their year-long analysis, Calment's vision was

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Robine, one of two validators of Calment, dismissed the claims and pointed out that, during his research, Calment had correctly answered questions about things that her daughter could not have known first-hand. Robine also dismissed the idea that the residents of Arles could have been duped by the

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in the hills of Provence, using an "18mm rifle". Calment said she disliked shooting birds. She gave birth to her only child, a daughter named Yvonne Marie Nicolle Calment, on 19 January 1898. Yvonne married army officer Joseph Billot on 3 February 1926, and their only son, Frédéric, was born on 23

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More than once, she surprised her entourage by her digestive abilities; she said herself 'I have the stomach of an ostrich!', which did not prevent her from appreciating good things. She showed herself more than once capable of absorbing considerable quantities of chocolate: more than a kilo per

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medication. Her arterial blood pressure was 140mm/70mm, her pulse 84/min. Her height was 150 cm (4 ft 11 in), and her weight 45 kg (99 lb), showing little variation from previous years. She scored well on mental tests, except on numeric tasks and recall of recent events.

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to the question of her authenticity, noting that, while being subjective, it gave "a 99.99% chance of an identity switch in the case of Mme Calment". François Robin-Champigneul and Robert Young commented on Zak's and Gibbs' findings, with Robin-Champigneul saying that it "appears to be in fact a

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Medical student Georges Garoyan published a thesis on Calment when she was 114 years old in January 1990. The first part records her daily routine, and the second presents her medical history. She stated that she had been vaccinated as a child but could not remember which vaccine(s). Apart from

523:(INED) in Paris on 23 January 2019, French, Swiss, and Belgian longevity experts commented that Novoselov and Zak had not provided any proof of an identity substitution, and they also announced that further research would be launched. After consulting several experts, 781:. During the last years, she was 137 cm (4 ft 6 in) tall, and weighed 40 kg (88 lb); she confirmed that she had always been small, and had lost weight in recent years. Her eyes were light grey, and her white hair had once been chestnut brown. 569:

Geneticists have noted that, since Jeanne Calment had 16 distinct great-great-grandparents (while her daughter Yvonne had only 12), the question of identity could easily be settled by a test for autozygous DNA, if a blood or tissue sample were to be made available.

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According to census records, Calment outlived both her daughter and her grandson. In January 1988, she was widely reported to be the oldest living person, and in 1995, at age 120, was declared the oldest verified person to have ever lived.

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has since then validated the age of Easter Wiggins (1 June 1874 – 7 July 1990), meaning that in reality Calment became the world's oldest living person in 1990. At the age of 114, she briefly appeared in the 1990 fantasy film

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in the right hip. An ultrasound exam showed no anomalies of internal organs. At this stage, Calment was still in good health, and continued to walk without a cane. She fell in January 1990 (aged almost 115) and fractured her

1581: 1245: 599:. She married at 21, and her husband's wealth allowed her to live without working. All her life she took care of her skin with olive oil and a puff of powder. At an unspecified time in her youth, she had suffered from 323:

had little effect on Jeanne's life. She said that German soldiers slept in her rooms but "did not take anything away", so that she bore no grudge against them. In 1942, her husband Fernand died, aged 73, reportedly of

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She washed herself unassisted with a flannel cloth rather than taking a shower, applying first soap, then olive oil and powder to her face. She washed her own glass and cutlery before proceeding to lunch. She enjoyed

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After her brother, her son-in-law and her grandson died in 1962–63, Calment had no remaining family members. She lived on her own from age 88 until shortly before her 110th birthday, when she decided to move to a

2157: 1889: 1981: 796:, depressive symptoms or other functional illness. Her cognitive functioning was observed to improve slightly over the six-month period. Calment reportedly remained "mentally sharp" until the end of her life. 2073: 558:

and also argued that it was indeed statistically possible to reach Calment's age. The authors criticised the advocates of the identity switch hypothesis, and called for a retraction of Zak's article.

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After her admission to the Maison du Lac nursing home in January 1985, aged almost 110, Calment initially followed a highly ritualised daily routine. She requested to be awoken at 6:45

1519: 245:. Some of her close family members also had an above-average lifespan as her older brother, François (1865–1962), lived to the age of 97, her father, Nicolas (1837–1931), who was a 773:

severely impaired by bilateral cataracts, yet she refused to undergo a routine operation to restore her eyesight; she had a moderately weak heart, a chronic cough, and bouts of

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being built. Another wrote that she started fencing in 1960, aged 85. Calment reportedly ascribed her longevity and relatively youthful appearance for her age to a diet rich in

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were made, but none have ever been proven. For about three decades, Calment has held the status of the oldest human being whose age has been validated by modern standards.

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where they contest the various claims made by Zak and his colleagues and mention various inaccuracies in the paper. The team presented evidence to support Calment's

960: 788:. The tests showed that her verbal memory and language fluency were comparable to those of persons with the same level of education in their eighties and nineties. 3174: 3139: 1376: 2999: 2553: 3179: 3009: 3004: 637:

hands, then the legs. Nurses noted that she moved faster than other residents who were 30 years younger. Her breakfast consisted of coffee with milk and

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attracted media attention and medical studies of her health and lifestyle. She is the only person who has been verified to have reached the age of 120.

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Robine, Jean-Marie; Allard, Michel; Herrmann, François R.; Jeune, Bernard (2019), "The Real Facts Supporting Jeanne Calment as the Oldest Ever Human",

1193: 2216: 1649: 1463: 3227: 3217: 3104: 911:'s gallery of Calment's pictures, it was captioned "At age ~22" between 2007 and 2018, and was corrected after Russian researchers contacted the GRG. 3124: 3119: 2960: 1058: 659:

with every meal, and said that given a choice she would eat fried and spicy foods instead of the bland foods on the menu. She made herself daily

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Lenart, Adam; Aburto, José Manuel; Stockmarr, Anders; Vaupel, James W. (11 September 2018). "The human longevity record may hold for decades".

490:, a social networking site for scientists and researchers. The paper was accepted for publication in January 2019 in the peer-reviewed journal 3084: 3026: 3021: 1040: 616:. Her move was precipitated by the winter of 1985 which froze the water pipes in her house (she never used heating in the winter) and caused 319:

on 19 January 1934, her 36th birthday, after which Calment raised Frédéric, although he lived with his father in the neighbouring apartment.

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media articles reported varying details, some of them unlikely. One report claimed that Calment recalled selling coloured pencils to

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mother, one for their daughter Yvonne, her husband and their child. Several house servants were registered in the premises as well.

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Overnight, Fernand Calment would have passed his daughter off for his wife and everyone would have kept silent? It is staggering.

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named her the oldest person ever on 17 October 1995. This was based on her surpassing the now-debunked age claim of Japanese man

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quoted Robine as stating that she had been in good health, though almost blind and deaf, as little as a month before her death.

708:, or urinary infections, and was not prone to hypertension or diabetes. In April 1986, aged 111, she was sent to a hospital for 2180: 2110: 1857: 2661: 2453: 1130: 368:

In 1986, Calment became the oldest living person in France at the age of 111. Her profile increased during the centennial of

2505: 1408: 3262: 2989: 1568:"History's oldest woman a fraud? Russian researchers claim 122-year-old Jeanne Calment was actually a 99-year-old imposter" 1282: 1681: 903:). In a biography of Calment published in 1995, the photograph was correctly labelled "Jeanne Calment's daughter Yvonne" ( 2764: 2547: 950: 1178: 3432: 3427: 3335: 3257: 2579:

Ritchie, Karen (February 1995). "Mental status examination of an exceptional case of longevity: J. C. aged 118 years".

864: 479: 3447: 2689:"France 2 20h Special News Broadcast on Mrs Calment's death. Interview with Dr Catherine Levraud, her Medical Doctor" 2635: 1022: 1771: 1733: 1711: 3467: 3396: 2907: 859: 729: 3472: 3442: 1366: 339:

André-François Raffray, selling the property in exchange for a right of occupancy and a monthly revenue of 2,500

2533: 3340: 467: 1068: 3267: 2420: 2330:"Jeanne Calment's Unique 122-Year Life Span: Facts and Factors; Longevity History in Her Genealogical Tree" 1449: 1236:"Les experts qui ont validé la longévité de Jeanne Calment répondent aux chercheurs russes point par point" 377: 1635: 532: 769:, which required surgery. Subsequently, Calment used a wheelchair, and she abandoned her daily routine. 3457: 3437: 2848: 1767: 1737: 1707: 1545: 908: 700:

aspirin against migraines she had never taken any medicine, not even herbal teas. She did not contract

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One hundred and fourteen years of life, or the long history of Jeanne Calment, France's oldest person

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Not just her family, but the entire city of Arles would have needed to keep the conspiracy going...

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a month after a series of related posts by gerontology blogger Yuri Deigin, titled "J'Accuse!", had

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This hypothesis is considered weak by mainstream longevity experts, such as French gerontologist

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functions were relatively spared from deterioration, and there was no evidence of progressive

446:, reportedly remembering him later as "dirty, badly dressed and disagreeable", and seeing the 351:, a four-track CD of Jeanne speaking over musical backing tracks in various styles, including 3360: 2814: 1926: 492: 408: 79: 2443: 3422: 3417: 2860: 2809: 2693: 2185: 2046: 1890:"The world's oldest person record stood for decades. Then came a Russian conspiracy theory" 1808: 1454: 1203: 793: 778: 753: 1974:[This surprising theory about Jeanne Calment's age sets social networks on fire]. 1541: 1344: 8: 3381: 3299: 2925: 2902: 2872: 2510: 1171:

Cent-quatorze ans de vie ou la longue histoire de Jeanne Calment, doyenne d'âge de France

667:, sometimes indulging in a kilogram (2.2 lb) per week. After the meal, she smoked a 525: 2148:"Jeanne Calment, une imposture ? Le Scientifique qui a validé son record s'insurge" 1812: 238: 106: 75: 2930: 2750: 2608: 1948: 1921: 1798: 1309: 1008: 955: 810: 899:

interview, this photograph was labelled "Jeanne Calment, then 22 years old, in 1897" (

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Robine, Jean-Marie; Allard, Michel (1999). Jeune, Bernard; Vaupel, James W. (eds.).

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in Arles, 1920. This photograph was often mislabelled as depicting Jeanne at age 22.

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and regularly prayed to and sought help from God and wondered about the afterlife.

503: 498: 443: 412: 400: 369: 336: 265: 199: 1972:"Cette surprenante théorie sur l'âge de Jeanne Calment affole les réseaux sociaux" 2974: 2855: 2794: 1398: 1371: 1004: 853: 744:, common among centenarians. A cardiological assessment revealed a moderate left 732:

between ages 111–114, with no signs of dehydration, anemia, chronic infection or

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At the age of 118, she was submitted to repeated neurophysiological tests and a

3386: 2945: 2912: 2882: 2826: 761: 733: 701: 684: 596: 388: 276: 260:, she attended Mrs. Benet's church primary school in Arles, and then the local 2710: 2688: 2039:[Russians question the age of Jeanne Calment, world's oldest person]. 2037:"Des Russes remettent en cause l'âge de Jeanne Calment, doyenne de l'humanité" 1488: 296: 249:, 93, and her mother, Marguerite Gilles (1838–1924), who was from a family of 27:

French supercentenarian with the longest documented human lifespan (1875–1997)

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she fractured her leg, but she recovered quickly and was able to walk again.

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Chevallier, Hélène; Jourdain, Stéphane; Emanuele, Valeria (2 January 2019).

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as the world's oldest living person in 1988, when she was 112. However, the

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Allard, Michel; Lèbre, Victor; Robine, Jean-Marie; Calment, Jeanne (1998).

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a.m in her home town of Arles, France. She was 122 years and 164 days old.

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for mountaineering on the glacier. They also went hunting for rabbits and

3279: 2838: 2821: 2371:"If Jeanne Calment Were 122, That Is All the More Reason for Biosampling" 2221: 2152: 1763: 1741: 1703: 1676: 1198: 895: 717: 660: 652: 426: 332: 309: 1196:[Russian scientists cast doubts on Jeanne Calment's longevity]. 561:

In February 2020, Zak and Philip Gibbs published an assessment applying

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in the ankles, elbows, and wrists, which was successfully treated with

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Calment's health presaged her later record. On television she stated "

43: 3376: 3355: 2773: 2116: 2078: 2041: 1764:"Photo Gallery of Madame Jeanne-Louise Calment [1875 - 1997]" 1734:"Photo Gallery of Madame Jeanne-Louise Calment [1875 - 1997]" 1704:"Photo Gallery of Madame Jeanne-Louise Calment [1875 - 1997]" 1117:

Jeanne Calment: From Van Gogh's Time to Ours, 122 Extraordinary Years

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a.m., and started the day with a long prayer at her window, thanking

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including multiple official documents, census data, and photographic

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Gavrilov, Leonid A.; Gavrilova, Natalya S. (2000). "Book Review:

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Calment died of unspecified causes on 4 August 1997 around 10:00

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and, with a documented lifespan of 122 years and 164 days, the

110: 2721:(in French). Institut national de l'audiovisuel. 4 August 1997 2111:"Oldest ever woman Jeanne Calment, 122, may have been a fraud" 3325: 2445:

Reviews on New Drug Targets in Age-Related Disorders: Part II

2217:"Pourquoi la science se déchire sur l'affaire Jeanne Calment" 766: 647: 234: 102: 71: 2742: 2697:(Interview) (in French). Institut national de l'audiovisuel 1792: 638: 2532:

Allard, Michel; Lèbre, Victor; Robine, Jean-Marie (1994).

2286:"A Bayesian Assessment of the Longevity of Jeanne Calment" 1233: 331:

In 1965, aged 90 and with no heirs left, Calment signed a

2247: 1608: 1274: 633: 2477:"121-Year-Old French Woman Revels in Newfound Celebrity" 2323: 2321: 1636:"World's oldest person marks 120 beautiful, happy years" 1429: 1112: 1005:"Jeanne Calment: Validation of the Duration of Her Life" 478:, her lifespan being several years longer than the next 2542:] (in French). Paris: Le Cherche-Midi. p. 92. 2096:'All of this is incredibly shaky and rests on nothing.' 679:

pastime), smoke a last cigarette and go to bed at 10:00

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Demographers have highlighted that Calment's age is an

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Longest documented human lifespan – since 30 March 1991

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Jeanne Calment: Validation of the Duration of Her Life

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On 8 April 1896, at the age of 21, Jeanne married her

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were discovered when she suffered a major episode of

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20h France 2 du 4 août 1997 – Mort de Jeanne Calment

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Les 120 ans de Jeanne Calment, doyenne de l'humanité

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Quantitative Biology > Populations and Evolution

1191: 411:became the oldest validated living person. Several 2109: 1897: 1305:"A 120-Year Lease on Life Outlasts Apartment Heir" 1192:Loguinova-Yakovleva, Victoria (31 December 2018). 1114: 856:(1897–2013), the oldest man whose age was verified 603:. Her husband introduced her to smoking, offering 457: 127:Oldest living person (7 July 1990 – 4 August 1997) 2531: 2327: 1825: 1490:Jeanne Calmant is 114 in clip from Vincent and Me 198:; 21 February 1875 – 4 August 1997) was a French 3409: 2506:"A Word in Edgewise: Brief Notes on a Long Life" 2435: 1628: 1333: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1164: 1162: 1007:. In Jeune, Bernard; Vaupel, James W. (eds.). 944: 942: 940: 938: 936: 934: 932: 930: 928: 308:December of the same year. At the outbreak of 2758: 2403: 2328:Robin-Champigneul, François (February 2020). 2284:Zak, Nikolay; Gibbs, Philip (February 2020). 1819: 1516:"1988: Oldest Living Human Being of All Time" 1160: 1158: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1144: 1142: 1108: 1106: 1041:Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research 998: 901:Jeanne Calment, alors âgée de 22 ans, en 1897 486:preprint repository, which led Zak to choose 2540:Jeanne Calment's 120 years, humanity's elder 1913: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1596: 1104: 1102: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1092: 1090: 1088: 1086: 1052: 1050: 1002: 996: 994: 992: 990: 988: 986: 984: 982: 980: 978: 951:"Jeanne Calment, World's Elder, Dies at 122" 579: 2172: 2004:"La théorie qui déboulonne… Jeanne Calment" 1672:"Été 88. Jeanne Calment, la mamie du monde" 1509: 1507: 1222: 1003:Robine, Jean-Marie; Allard, Michel (1999). 925: 392:, walking outside and answering questions. 2765: 2751: 1185: 1139: 521:National Institute for Demographic Studies 358: 42: 2386: 2345: 2301: 2261: 2141: 2139: 1947: 1876: 1802: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1083: 1047: 975: 275:. Asked about her daily routine while at 2283: 1534: 1504: 1297: 589: I have never been ill, never ever 466:Daughter Yvonne Calment in front of the 461: 434: 286: 233:Calment was born on 21 February 1875 in 221: 2686: 2670: 2578: 2503: 2065: 2034: 1168: 948: 573: 14: 3410: 2214: 2145: 2136: 1565: 1559: 1513: 1435: 728:Analyses of her blood samples were in 663:with bananas and oranges. She enjoyed 581:J'ai jamais été malade, jamais, jamais 413:claims to have surpassed Calment's age 158: 2746: 2441: 2412:Comme si c'était hier: Jeanne Calment 2368: 2250:The Journals of Gerontology: Series A 2178: 2160:from the original on 31 December 2018 1887: 1483: 1481: 1341:"Tribute to Jeanne Calment, memorial" 1265: 1263: 185: 2687:Levraud, Catherine (4 August 1997). 2556:from the original on 21 January 2019 2107: 2101: 2071: 2053:from the original on 23 January 2019 2016:from the original on 23 January 2019 1984:from the original on 23 January 2019 1566:Hopper, Tristin (31 December 2018). 1379:from the original on 23 October 2019 1321:from the original on 17 January 2018 1056: 694: 651:(braised beef), but was not keen on 363: 345:Beyond 120 Years with Jeanne Calment 154: 99:(aged 122 years, 164 days) 2193:from the original on 5 January 2019 2146:Baheux, Romain (30 December 2018). 2124:from the original on 1 January 2019 2035:Rubetti, Morgane (1 January 2019). 1919: 1864:from the original on 5 January 2019 1828:Validation of exceptional longevity 1604:"World's oldest person dies at 122" 1271:"World's oldest person dies at 122" 1031:from the original on 9 January 2019 1010:Validation of Exceptional Longevity 949:Whitney, Craig R. (5 August 1997). 585: 418: 24: 2673:Jeanne Calment. L'Oubliée de Dieu 2645: 2229:from the original on 13 April 2019 2215:Baheux, Romain (24 January 2019). 1830:, Odense University Press, 1999". 1774:from the original on 12 March 2007 1714:from the original on 12 March 2007 1652:from the original on 27 April 2022 1584:from the original on 27 April 2022 1522:from the original on 24 April 2019 1478: 1466:from the original on 27 April 2022 1411:from the original on 14 April 2019 1285:from the original on 22 March 2014 1260: 905:Yvonne, la fille de Jeanne Calment 865:List of the verified oldest people 395:Her status further increased when 25: 3484: 2680: 2504:Boatner, E. B. (7 October 2021). 1832:Population and Development Review 1343:. Lasting Tribute. Archived from 347:, was released in 1995. In 1996, 206:whose age has been verified. Her 2908:Biodemography of human longevity 1920:Zak, Nikolay (30 January 2019). 1248:from the original on 31 May 2019 860:List of French supercentenarians 838: 824: 623: 530:and Allard, released a paper in 256:From the age of seven until her 2619: 2572: 2525: 2497: 2469: 2369:Young, Robert (February 2020). 2362: 2277: 2241: 2208: 2179:Daley, Jason (2 January 2019). 2072:Chen, Angela (9 January 2019). 2028: 2012:(in French). 30 December 2018. 1996: 1980:(in French). 30 December 2018. 1964: 1850: 1786: 1756: 1726: 1696: 1664: 1423: 1391: 1359: 1210:from the original on 9 May 2019 963:from the original on 2 May 2019 887: 458:Conspiracy theory regarding age 335:contract on her apartment with 150: 1514:Dimery, Rob (18 August 2015). 1177:] (in French). Marseille: 13: 1: 2772: 2581:British Journal of Psychiatry 2108:Sage, Adam (1 January 2019). 1680:. 1 July 1988. Archived from 1179:Université d'Aix-Marseille II 918: 756:. Radiology revealed diffuse 748:hypertrophy with a mild left 740:revealed the presence of the 687:, and on Fridays she went to 683:p.m. On Sundays, she went to 480:oldest people ever documented 282: 217: 2627:The Guinness Book of Records 1462:. 4 August 1997. p. 1. 1450:"World's oldest person dead" 671:and drank a small amount of 378:The Guinness Book of Records 268:), finishing at 16 with the 7: 1057:Addy, Ronda (25 May 2008). 817: 533:The Journals of Gerontology 10: 3489: 2849:research into centenarians 2734:Works about Jeanne Calment 1768:Gerontology Research Group 1738:Gerontology Research Group 1708:Gerontology Research Group 1546:Gerontology Research Group 1518:. Guinness World Records. 1407:. 2 July 1986. p. 7. 1367:"Obituary: Jeanne Calment" 909:Gerontology Research Group 736:. Genetic analysis of the 716:. Later she suffered from 383:Gerontology Research Group 3433:20th-century French women 3428:19th-century French women 3369: 3318: 3278: 3240: 3195: 3040: 2982: 2971: 2918:Longevity escape velocity 2881: 2805:aging-associated diseases 2780: 1169:Garoyan, Georges (1990). 291:Calment at age 20 in 1895 168: 134: 117: 86: 53: 41: 34: 3448:French supercentenarians 3397:Longest-living organisms 2671:Cavalié, France (1995). 2630:, 1999 edition, p. 102, 880: 799: 754:extrasystolic arrhythmia 591:). At age 20, incipient 48:Calment in 1915, aged 40 3468:Women supercentenarians 2421:Radio Télévision Suisse 1015:Odense University Press 907:), but undated. On the 760:, as well as incipient 519:After a meeting of the 359:Oldest documented human 187:[ʒanlwizkalmɑ̃] 3473:Old age record holders 3443:French Roman Catholics 3392:Transhumanist politics 3310:Immortality in fiction 3288:Biological immortality 2832:cognitive epidemiology 875:Lists of oldest people 580: 471: 468:Church of St. Trophime 375:She was recognised by 292: 230: 3196:regions by continents 2815:negligible senescence 2810:degenerative diseases 2597:10.1192/bjp.166.2.229 2388:10.1089/rej.2020.2303 2375:Rejuvenation Research 2347:10.1089/rej.2019.2298 2334:Rejuvenation Research 2303:10.1089/rej.2019.2227 2290:Rejuvenation Research 2263:10.1093/gerona/glz198 1940:10.1089/rej.2018.2167 1927:Rejuvenation Research 493:Rejuvenation Research 465: 435:Popular media reports 409:Marie-Louise Meilleur 290: 225: 179:Jeanne Louise Calment 172:1: Yvonne (1898–1934) 58:Jeanne Louise Calment 3041:regions of countries 2861:LGBT life expectancy 2694:Journal de 20 heures 2442:Guest, P.C. (2021). 2256:(Suppl_1): S13–S20, 2186:Smithsonian Magazine 1648:. 21 February 1995. 1455:McCook Daily Gazette 1317:. 28 December 1995. 1204:Agence France Presse 794:neurological disease 574:Health and lifestyle 297:double second cousin 157:; died 3382:Longevity insurance 3300:Digital immortality 2926:calorie restriction 2913:Indefinite lifespan 2903:Anti-aging movement 2873:Biomarkers of aging 1894:The Washington Post 1813:2018arXiv180903732L 526:The Washington Post 3032:World macroregions 2931:Diet and longevity 2485:. 21 February 1996 1902:on 17 January 2019 1684:on 21 October 2018 1542:"2020 validations" 1430:Allard et al. 1998 1347:on 6 November 2009 1310:The New York Times 1071:on 1 February 2009 956:The New York Times 811:The New York Times 790:Frontal brain lobe 472: 293: 231: 204:oldest person ever 3458:People from Arles 3438:Age controversies 3405: 3404: 3236: 3235: 2956:stem-cell therapy 2868:Maximum life span 2663:978-87-7838-466-9 2455:978-3-030-55035-6 1744:on 19 August 2018 1493:, 6 November 2007 1404:The Anniston Star 1375:. 5 August 1997. 1281:. 4 August 1997. 1132:978-0-7167-3251-8 1059:"Life Expectancy" 870:Maximum life span 722:anti-inflammatory 712:and treated with 695:Medical follow-up 510:Jean-Marie Robine 364:Longevity records 229:of Jeanne Calment 227:Birth certificate 176: 175: 16:(Redirected from 3480: 3463:Wheelchair users 3248:Longevity claims 2980: 2979: 2844:supercentenarian 2767: 2760: 2753: 2744: 2743: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2676: 2667: 2639: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2563: 2561: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2501: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2390: 2366: 2360: 2359: 2349: 2325: 2316: 2315: 2305: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2265: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2143: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2113: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2086:on 12 May 2021. 2082:. Archived from 2069: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2000: 1994: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1951: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1901: 1896:, archived from 1888:Rosenberg, Eli, 1885: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1806: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1760: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1740:. Archived from 1730: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1646:Associated Press 1632: 1626: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1538: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1511: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1485: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1446: 1433: 1427: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1399:"Go, granny, go" 1395: 1389: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1337: 1331: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1315:Associated Press 1301: 1295: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1267: 1258: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1231: 1220: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1166: 1137: 1136: 1120: 1110: 1081: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1067:. Archived from 1054: 1045: 1044: 1038: 1036: 1000: 973: 972: 970: 968: 946: 912: 891: 848: 843: 842: 841: 834: 832:Biography portal 829: 828: 827: 807: 734:renal impairment 682: 631: 590: 587: 583: 557: 554: 552: 546: 543: 541: 444:Vincent van Gogh 419:Age verification 401:Shigechiyo Izumi 370:Vincent van Gogh 355:, was released. 337:civil law notary 326:cherry poisoning 271:brevet classique 266:secondary school 239:Bouches-du-Rhône 200:supercentenarian 197: 196: 195: 189: 184: 162: 160: 156: 152: 107:Bouches-du-Rhône 96: 94: 76:Bouches-du-Rhône 68:21 February 1875 67: 65: 46: 32: 31: 21: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3477: 3408: 3407: 3406: 3401: 3365: 3319:Longevity genes 3314: 3274: 3232: 3191: 3036: 2975:life expectancy 2973: 2967: 2877: 2856:Life expectancy 2795:Longevity myths 2776: 2771: 2724: 2722: 2709: 2700: 2698: 2683: 2664: 2648: 2646:Further reading 2643: 2642: 2624: 2620: 2577: 2573: 2559: 2557: 2550: 2549:978-2-862743462 2530: 2526: 2516: 2514: 2502: 2498: 2488: 2486: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2424: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2367: 2363: 2326: 2319: 2282: 2278: 2246: 2242: 2232: 2230: 2213: 2209: 2196: 2194: 2177: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2144: 2137: 2127: 2125: 2106: 2102: 2070: 2066: 2056: 2054: 2033: 2029: 2019: 2017: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1987: 1985: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1918: 1914: 1905: 1903: 1886: 1877: 1867: 1865: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1824: 1820: 1791: 1787: 1777: 1775: 1762: 1761: 1757: 1747: 1745: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1717: 1715: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1687: 1685: 1670: 1669: 1665: 1655: 1653: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1619: 1617: 1616:. 4 August 1997 1602: 1601: 1597: 1587: 1585: 1564: 1560: 1550: 1548: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1525: 1523: 1512: 1505: 1496: 1494: 1487: 1486: 1479: 1469: 1467: 1448: 1447: 1436: 1428: 1424: 1414: 1412: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1382: 1380: 1372:The Independent 1365: 1364: 1360: 1350: 1348: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1324: 1322: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1288: 1286: 1269: 1268: 1261: 1251: 1249: 1232: 1223: 1213: 1211: 1190: 1186: 1167: 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