581:
526:. In September 1862, the U.S. military residents of the camp were accused of voting fraud and intimidation of election officials, "wherein the military took possession of the ballot box, and placed therein about 200 illegal votes for county and township officers—being the votes of soldiers in the service of the United States, who are not citizens of this county." The election officers reported their concerns about the conduct of the soldiers to the county. As James Miller Guinn told it in 1915: "The soldiers at Camp Latham at the September election took possession of the polls and cast over 200 votes for the Union candidates for the legislature, defeating the Confederate sympathizers on the Democratic ticket. A great outcry was raised by the defeated candidates over the outrage and the vote of the precinct was thrown out."
320:
45:
672:," is knee high the whole distance, We passed but two fields of grain, which would equal, if not excel, any I had ever seen. For the whole distance there is not a drop of good water—but little of any kind—and but one human habitation op the road. The lands are in the hands of monopolists, and years will expire before they will be properly cultivated, the owners in many cases, being Spanish or Mexican, of whose indolence you are well aware. After a walk of seven hours the main body of the detachment reached Camp Latham, and no one who has ever been here can deny but that it is the finest-situated camp and drill ground in the State. The camp is situated on an eminence, one hundred yards from which flows a beautiful stream of sparkling water, about the size of main
542:
28:
424:
334:
420:, "The murderer was sent to town under a guard of soldiers, and placed in jail. He attempted to escape after committing the deed. He is said to be only twenty years of age, and until this time was never known to drink, and had always borne a good character. A bill has been found against him for murder by the Grand Jury." In April 1862 McDermott was sentenced to 10 years "in the penitentiary" by the Los Angeles District Court.
402:
the First
Regiment and we will take their place; they have a fine place, neatly arranged, and a clear, graveled parade ground. Only a portion of the regiment is there now, being companies K and C, First Infantry, and company C and a part of B, First Cavalry, who are without horses." As of March 1862, per the
667:
six inches deep. At 10 o'clock next morning we filled our canteens and haversacks, and started for Camp Latham, twenty miles distant. This is the finest country I have ever seen, without exception.— We traveled through a rich grazing country the whole distance, which, however, is equally valuable for
401:
Camp
Kellogg was seemingly founded February 4, 1862 with the contents of 26 wagons and the soldiers of companies C, E, F, G, and I of the Fifth Regiment, arrived from San Pedro. A Fifth Regiment correspondent reported: "Camp Kellogg will be short lived, I think, as Camp Latham will soon be vacated by
634:
For the past week it has rained nearly the whole time, and our parade ground is nearly floating, as we are encamped in a low valley. We are in tents without floors and without fire, so that it is no easy matter for us to keep dry, or rather, we are unable to do it, our beds and clothing being damp,
611:
The camp is situated about nine miles eastward of Los
Angeles, near a stream of good water and on level ground, but to the south and north at a distance of a half mile, or less, is a range of low hills, from which a hostile battery could sweep the whole
868:
Per
Goldman (1965), "In 1863 and 1864, Independence Day was not celebrated openly in Los Angeles. Those who expressed loyalty to the Union cause were forced to travel the twenty-odd miles to Fort Drum in Wilmington or to Camp Latham south of Santa
264:
Demonstrations in Los
Angeles and other Southern California towns had shown that much of the local population, perhaps a majority, were Southern sympathizers, and a "secession company" was even holding public drills, deliberately displaying the
529:
In early
October 1862 several newspapers reported that "The troops stationed at Camp Latham have been removed to San Pedro for Winter quarters. Two companies of cavalry, under Colonel Evans, now at Owens river, are to be stationed at
415:
Also in March 1862 an intoxicated soldier named George McDermott stabbed to death a local man named
Guadalupe Moreno, at "a low liquor shanty operated by a Mexican" that was located just outside the perimeter of Camp Latham. Per the
620:
wrote his mother, "Camp Latham is a fine spot, seven miles from Los
Angeles, bounded by high, rough old mountains on the North—hills, and a perfect love of a brook to the South—sea on the West, and on the East, hills and forests."
389:
newspaper reported, "Camp Latham is the name given to the encampment of volunteers near Los
Angeles, where there are now stationed 769 infantry and 454 cavalry, making 1,223 troops in all." Companies D, G, I of the
663:, for the accommodation of those who are so unfortunate as to arrive hungry. The beef in this section is the finest I have ever seen, anywhere. We remained at San Pedro one night, making our beds in
289:. It began raining December 24, 1861, and kept it up almost without cessation for a month." As more recent scholarship put it: the winter of 1861–1862 was "the wettest and coldest winter on the
343:
indicating locations of
Ballona Creek, Los Angeles, and Drum Barracks, along with route northwest to Fort Tejon and routes between town and harbor, et al. (map drawn 1867, atlas published 1895)
549:
No trace remains today of Camp Latham but for many years there stood "the ruins of an old brick oven" built just outside the camp to provide bread for the soldiers. The oven was a relic of
220:
still saw fit to station active-duty troops in the west, to discourage Confederate tendencies among the populace, protect supply and communications routes, and for intercessions with
1197:
Historical and biographical record of southern California; containing a history of southern California from its earliest settlement to the opening year of the twentieth century
635:
and in many instances mildewed. The health of the men is very good, and if we are serving the great cause of "our country" by being here, we are content. _____________ Soldier.
2079:
557:
immigrant won the contract to supply Camp Latham with bread. Louis Mesmer later purchased large parts of Rancho La Ballona, and was involved in the failed attempt to create a
1838:
2005:
1968:
2040:
The great West: railroad, steamboat, and stage guide and hand-book, for travellers, miners, and emigrants to the western, northwestern, and Pacific states and territories
1350:
293:
in the last three centuries." Animals and people drowned by the dozens, rivers washed away roads and bridges (cutting off supply and mail routes between Camp Latham,
1273:
256:
began mustering locally—U.S. Army posts were established in the remote, but not entirely inessential, area of coastal southern California. As the newsletter of the
1461:
471:
Los Angeles is a rebel hole. If San Joaquin was the South Carolina of California, Los Angeles is its Mississippi. Yet there was a celebration there on the Fourth.
1003:
The Army of the Pacific : its operations in California, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Plains Region, Mexico, etc., 1860-1866
684:, planted tastefully by an old Spaniard, and which is beginning to form a pleasant retreat for the inhabitants of the neighborhood, and the troops at this point.
502:
were read aloud, there was a 100-gun salute to the Union, and finally soldiers from Camp Latham and their guests "visited the Willows, a beautiful grove on the
1807:
1492:
1518:
1369:
224:. Los Angeles was a small town in 1860, with an estimated population of perhaps 1,600 people, but it was centrally situated along extant roads, such as the
1487:
1456:
1268:
2094:
2000:
249:
1904:
1238:(Ph.D. thesis). University of Southern California Digital Library (USC.DL). pp. 1 (300 years), 198 (early January floods), 245 (Fort Tejon roads).
1374:
656:
1870:
281:
Additionally, a word about the weather in the West at the beginning of the Civil War era may be helpful in setting the scene at Camp Latham. Per a
518:. The University of Iowa Library holds the 1862 diary of an unknown soldier stationed at Camp Latham who was assigned in August 1862 to escort a "
408:, "At Camp Latham there are three companies of cavalry and two of infantry. In Camp Kellogg, adjoining Camp Latham, there are six companies." The
1195:
2038:
2099:
607:
expressing a desire for newspapers, and for good horses from Los Angeles (they currently had none), and provided this description of the site:
523:
364:
1674:
1647:
2069:
664:
1905:"Letter from Camp Latham, Los Angeles Co., Cal., Oct. 2d, 1861, The Army at Los Angeles—The Trouble with Colonel Davis—The Men Distrust Him"
1425:
580:
67:
277:
after a recently deceased Ft. Tejon officer, then moved to the new Camp Latham, located eight miles southwest, where Culver City is today.
2084:
1936:
2064:
1737:
499:
2089:
412:
also reported that the rains had turned Ballona from a rill to a river, seemingly swamping Camp Kellogg, resulting in its closure.
44:
2020:
1985:
1953:
1921:
1855:
1824:
1722:
1535:
1504:
1473:
1442:
1386:
1289:
698:
1120:
534: ." The troops never returned to Camp Latham, and the San Pedro post, then called Camp Drum, later became the still-extant
374:. Camp Latham may have been first established when Company A of the First Infantry arrived at the site on September 22, 1861.
1011:
221:
2074:
199:
809:
694:
779:
370:, and Camp Kellogg, which may have been extant for no more than a month, was named for John Kellogg, who organized the
1303:
1888:
1215:
339:
644:
495:
487:
371:
1074:"Stages, Mails and Express in Southern California: The Role of Wells, Fargo & Co. in the Pre-Railroad Period"
290:
229:
171:
749:
167:
836:
319:
826:
27:
1619:
570:
273:. The military units ordered to the Los Angeles post were encamped first close to town at a site called
1783:
1400:
759:
253:
217:
946:
395:
391:
270:
701:
that became U.S. Army camps during the Civil War era. This distances appeared in a guidebook to the
1555:
The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
1170:
893:
693:
This is a table of distances (using original/archaic spelling as provided) between Camp Latham and
574:
541:
2010:
1869:
Altschul, Jeffrey H.; Ciolek-Torrello, Richard S.; Homburg, Jeffrey A.; Swanson, Mark T. (1991).
624:
On January 6, 1862 a "Letter from Camp Latham," dated to December 30, 1861, was published in the
452:
423:
348:
1705:
1973:
1941:
1843:
1523:
1278:
1233:
1035:
799:
626:
356:
282:
233:
203:
333:
1909:
1710:
1565:
1430:
1049:
898:
894:"Louis Mesmer Is Dead, Death of an Interesting Character, Lived in Los Angeles Over 40 Years"
702:
404:
286:
245:
659:. San Pedro is a one-horse town, with a store, blacksmith shop and two or three third-class
1550:
8:
1326:
Goldman, Henry H. (October 1965). "SOUTHERN SYMPATHY IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 1860-1865".
719:
652:
617:
531:
211:
207:
183:
697:
via the wagon roads and footpaths of the day. Many of these locations were stops on the
1765:
1679:
1600:
1209:
1148:
1101:
216:
While located well outside of the disputed battleground of the American Civil War, the
175:
163:
1001:
1884:
1757:
1624:
1592:
1269:"Letter from the Fifth Regiment, Camp Kellogg, near Los Angeles, February 13th, 1862"
1140:
1093:
1007:
979:
831:
789:
739:
677:
515:
456:
448:
432:
360:
352:
308:
285:
written nearly 50 years later, "January 1862 was noted for the greatest flood in the
49:
1345:
311:
overspilled their banks, everything that was not washed downriver was mired in mud.
1876:
1812:
1749:
1239:
1132:
1085:
1041:
1017:
681:
511:
503:
460:
367:
1243:
1045:
506:
of Ballona Creek, for a promenade to enchanting music." Guests from town included
849:
660:
444:
274:
1691:
1657:
1355:
910:
841:
491:
477:
1053:
925:
573:. Following Hughes' death in 1976, the land has since been developed into the
248:. So, when hostilities broke out back east—and pro-Confederate units such the
2058:
1761:
1596:
1144:
1097:
983:
769:
566:
562:
535:
507:
428:
385:
now run regularly between the city and Camp Latham." On October 19, 1861 the
257:
179:
151:
82:
69:
1872:
Playa Vista Archaeological and Historical Project, Volume 1: Research Design
1309:
1040:, University of Southern California Digital Library (USC.DL), p. 100,
673:
585:
558:
550:
182:, approximately .75 mi (1.21 km) southwest of what is now called
729:
440:
294:
37:
La Ballona Township, Los Angeles County, California in United States
1769:
1604:
1580:
1557:. Vol. 50. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 147. Serial 105
1152:
1105:
1073:
519:
303:
2044:
1880:
1784:"California Civil War diary of an unknown soldier, 1862-1863 (1862-08)"
1652:
1201:
464:
382:
298:
225:
1308:. California Adjutant General's Office. 1890. p. 325 – via
1180:. Drum Barracks Civil War Museum, Wilmington, California. p. 2–7.
1868:
1753:
1136:
1089:
266:
1875:. Statistical Research Technical Series. S. R. I. Press. SRI Press.
1354:. Vol. 4, no. 22. October 2, 1861. p. 2 – via
1305:
Records of California Men in the War of the Rebellion, 1861 to 1867
669:
459:
also departed from Camp Latham. Approximately 36 camels from the
241:
1738:"Daily Life in Early Los Angeles: Part III: The Glorious Fourth"
554:
237:
490:
1862, there was a "dress parade and grand review" before Col.
1581:"Soldier in the California Column: The Diary of John W. Teal"
1235:
The Pacific Slope superstorms and the Big Winter of 1861−1862
923:
680:, and in the immediate vicinity of camp is a pretty grove of
451:. Camp Independence was the base of the U.S. Army during the
170:
extant from the fall of 1861 to fall of 1862 in the military
2043:. New York: D. Appleton and Company. p. 93 – via
1426:"Letter from the Southern Coast, Los Angeles, March 1, 1862"
1816:. Vol. XII, no. 19. September 13, 1862. p. 2
1913:. Vol. 13, no. 4252. October 10, 1861. p. 1
1200:. Chicago: Chapman Pub. Co. pp. 138, 155 – via
1847:. Vol. 24, no. 3592. October 2, 1862. p. 2
1171:"THE FIRST TWELVE YEARS DRUM BARRACKS AS A MILITARY POST"
1714:. Vol. XIV, no. 4526. July 14, 1862. p. 1
1683:. Vol. XII, no. 1691. July 15, 1862. p. 4
1378:. Vol. 9, no. 526. October 19, 1861. p. 2
1125:
The Quarterly: Historical Society of Southern California
1006:. Glendale, Calif.: Arthur H. Clark Co. pp. 40–43.
323:
Southern half of the Military Department of California,
1742:
The Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly
1527:. Vol. 23, no. 3438. April 5, 1862. p. 2
1465:. Vol. XII, no. 65. March 18, 1862. p. 2
1969:"Letter from Camp Latham: Correspondence of the Union"
1706:"Letter from the South: Fourth of July in Los Angeles"
1656:. Vol. 32, no. 7624. p. 20 – via
54:
Pictorial and Historical Map of Old Los Angeles County
2080:
American Civil War forts and army posts in California
1496:. Vol. 9, no. 20. March 22, 1862. p. 3
1037:
LOS ANGELES IN THE CIVIL WAR DECADES, 1850 TO 1868.
630:. The writer described the conditions of the camp:
398:were among those units stationed at Camp Latham.
643:published this account from "Charley," Company H,
447:from Camp Latham resulted in the establishment of
427:"200 tons of hay to be delivered at Camp Latham":
190:was located nearby, just north across the creek.
2056:
1551:"Chapter LXII. EXPEDITION TO OWEN'S RIVER, CAL."
1034:LEWIS, ALBERT LUCIAN (1970), "History, Modern",
668:farming purposes. The clover known with you as "
603:In October 1861 a Camp Latham soldier wrote the
553:'s bakery operation on the site, built when the
1164:
1162:
705:that was published just after the war in 1866.
565:later sold his holdings in the area to one Mr.
463:were temporarily relocated to Camp Latham when
178:. Camp Latham was located on the south bank of
1669:
1667:
1488:"A Minister's Daughter in the Cavalry Service"
1321:
1319:
1934:
545:Camp Latham marker, Rotary Plaza, Culver City
1159:
377:By October 2, the local pro-Union newspaper
1664:
1316:
902:. Vol. XIX. August 19, 1900. p. 4
655:, and were taken to the landing by a light
236:that had been established for shipping the
2095:Military installations established in 1861
1578:
1423:
1118:
978:. Seattle: Superior Pub. Co. p. 182.
1617:
1232:Cowan, William Joseph (2021). "Unknown".
1169:n.a. (Spring 1987). McDowell, Don (ed.).
1121:"California's Cattle Brands and Earmarks"
1977:. Vol. 22, no. 3364. p. 2
1579:Walker, Henry P.; Teal, John W. (1971).
926:"Historic California Posts: Camp Latham"
579:
540:
422:
332:
318:
16:U.S. Army site in California (1861–1862)
2021:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1998:
1992:
1986:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1966:
1960:
1954:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1922:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1856:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1825:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1736:Krythe, Maymie R. (September 1, 1954).
1723:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1536:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1505:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1474:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1443:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1387:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1325:
1290:California Digital Newspaper Collection
1119:de Packman, Ana Begue (December 1945).
1071:
699:Butterfield Overland Mail in California
2057:
1735:
1645:
651:The next afternoon we sailed into the
2100:Military installations closed in 1862
2032:
2030:
1945:. Vol. 1, no. 13. p. 3
1401:"Battle Unit Details - The Civil War"
1263:
1261:
1259:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1033:
888:
886:
301:), and as the waterways, marshes and
2070:1862 disestablishments in California
2036:
1788:University of Iowa Digital Libraries
1618:Rasmussen, Cecilia (July 25, 1999).
1393:
1168:
1029:
1027:
999:
995:
993:
973:
969:
967:
688:
200:California in the American Civil War
1935:Sergeant Owen (November 19, 1861).
1620:"A Union Outpost on Hostile Ground"
924:California State Guard Foundation.
347:Camp Latham was established by the
56:, depicting the region through 1860
13:
2085:History of Culver City, California
2027:
1646:Miller, Thelma (October 9, 1943).
1417:
1256:
1222:
1184:
928:. California State Military Museum
883:
232:, and had a functioning harbor at
14:
2111:
2065:1861 establishments in California
1548:
1024:
990:
964:
394:and companies F, G, and H of the
340:Atlas of the War of the Rebellion
947:"Historic Site #11: Camp Latham"
645:4th California Infantry Regiment
481:, Tuesday, July 15, 1862, page 4
372:5th California Infantry Regiment
43:
26:
2090:Military history of Los Angeles
1928:
1897:
1862:
1831:
1800:
1776:
1729:
1698:
1648:"Camel Caravans Trekked Valley"
1639:
1611:
1572:
1542:
1511:
1480:
1449:
1362:
1338:
1296:
1072:JACKSON, W. TURRENTINE (1974).
862:
172:District of Southern California
1434:. Vol. XIV, no. 4397
1281:. February 25, 1862. p. 3
1112:
1065:
951:Culver City Historical Society
939:
917:
676:, lined with a dense grove of
598:
561:harbor. Mesmer's son and heir
431:provided ample water, but the
381:reported that "three lines of
168:Los Angeles County, California
1:
1244:10.25549/usctheses-c89-450472
1214:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1078:Southern California Quarterly
1046:10.25549/usctheses-c17-199004
876:
589:
496:Washington's Farewell Address
324:
193:
2009:. Vol. 7, no. 19.
1622:. Metro: L.A. Then and Now.
1424:Seaden (?) (March 5, 1862).
1277:. Vol. V, no. 48.
827:1862 United States elections
569:, who used the land for his
150:Closed, troops relocated to
7:
2075:19th century in Los Angeles
1967:Soldier (January 9, 1862).
1675:"The fourth at Los Angeles"
1519:"By Telegraph to the Union"
837:Rancho Rincón de los Bueyes
820:
500:Declaration of Independence
337:Southern California in the
260:historical society put it:
10:
2116:
1405:U.S. National Park Service
814:137 mi (220 km)
804:117 mi (188 km)
514:, John Leonce Hoover, and
314:
254:Los Angeles Mounted Rifles
197:
1351:Semi-Weekly Southern News
976:Old Forts of the Far West
974:Hart, Herbert M. (1965).
794:93 mi (150 km)
784:79 mi (127 km)
774:64 mi (103 km)
396:4th California Volunteers
392:2nd California Volunteers
379:Semi-Weekly Southern News
244:produced by the region's
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131:
116:
111:
103:
98:
61:
42:
35:
23:
2037:Hall, E. Hepple (1866).
1999:Charley (May 24, 1862).
1549:Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
1457:"A Most Horrible Murder"
855:
764:54 mi (87 km)
754:29 mi (47 km)
744:18 mi (29 km)
734:12 mi (19 km)
724:6 mi (9.7 km)
575:Playa Vista neighborhood
2011:Weaverville, California
1808:"The Military Precinct"
1274:Marysville Daily Appeal
740:Camp on Rio Los Angeles
453:Owens Valley Indian War
349:1st California Infantry
1974:Sacramento Daily Union
1942:San Jose Daily Mercury
1844:Sacramento Daily Union
1524:Sacramento Daily Union
1462:San Joaquin Republican
1279:Marysville, California
686:
637:
627:Sacramento Daily Union
614:
595:
584:La Ballona, including
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484:
436:
357:1st California Cavalry
344:
330:
283:history of Los Angeles
279:
204:California Indian Wars
2001:"Co. H, 4th Regiment"
1910:Daily Alta California
1839:"News of the Morning"
1711:Daily Alta California
1566:Ohio State University
1431:Daily Alta California
1194:Guinn, J. M. (1902).
1000:Hunt, Aurora (1951).
899:The Los Angeles Times
703:western United States
649:
632:
609:
605:Daily Alta California
583:
544:
469:
439:An expedition to the
426:
405:Daily Alta California
336:
322:
287:history of California
262:
166:tent camp located in
1937:"Column 2, no title"
1585:Arizona and the West
1370:"Column 5, no title"
1346:"Column 2, no title"
1178:Drum Beats Quarterly
524:New Mexico Territory
83:34.0060°N 118.3950°W
1493:Weekly Butte Record
1328:Journal of the West
653:harbor of San Pedro
618:San Jose Volunteers
435:still needed forage
418:Weekly Butte Record
363:. It was named for
246:vast cattle ranches
212:Great Flood of 1862
208:California genocide
184:Culver City station
79: /
52:'s hand-drawn 1938
1881:10.6067/XCV8P271P7
1680:The Sacramento Bee
953:. January 19, 2014
596:
547:
437:
345:
331:
176:American Civil War
164:United States Army
107:United States Army
88:34.0060; -118.3950
1625:Los Angeles Times
1013:978-0-8117-2978-9
832:Rancho La Ballona
818:
817:
750:Rio San Gabrielle
689:Relative location
616:Sgt. Owen of the
516:William Wolfskill
467:briefly closed.
457:California Column
449:Camp Independence
361:Benjamin F. Davis
353:James H. Carleton
309:Los Angeles basin
271:Stars and Stripes
250:Los Angeles Greys
230:Old Spanish Trail
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50:George W. Kirkman
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368:Milton S. Latham
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162:was a temporary
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657:draught steamer
641:Trinity Journal
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445:George S. Evans
410:Alta California
387:Nevada Democrat
359:under Lt. Col.
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275:Camp Fitzgerald
269:instead of the
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571:Hughes Airport
492:Ferris Foreman
488:Fourth of July
478:Sacramento Bee
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433:cavalry horses
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186:. Short-lived
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559:Port Ballona
551:Louis Mesmer
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365:U.S. Senator
346:
338:
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215:
188:Camp Kellogg
187:
159:
158:
112:Site history
53:
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844:Ada Hancock
810:Camp Wright
760:Chino Ranch
730:Los Angeles
695:Camp Wright
665:alkali dust
599:Description
593: 1888
441:Owens River
351:under Col.
328: 1858
295:Los Angeles
174:during the
160:Camp Latham
132:In use
86: /
74:118°23′42″W
62:Coordinates
24:Camp Latham
2059:Categories
2045:HathiTrust
2016:2023-03-17
1981:2023-03-21
1949:2023-03-17
1917:2023-03-17
1851:2023-03-17
1820:2023-03-17
1793:2023-03-16
1718:2022-07-30
1687:2023-03-18
1653:Fresno Bee
1632:2023-03-19
1561:2023-03-17
1531:2023-03-17
1500:2023-03-17
1469:2023-03-17
1438:2023-03-17
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1382:2023-03-17
1285:2023-03-17
1249:2023-03-19
1202:HathiTrust
1131:(4): 145.
1059:2023-03-21
957:2023-03-17
932:2011-11-03
906:2023-03-18
877:References
522:train" to
504:right bank
465:Fort Tejon
299:Fort Tejon
291:West Coast
226:Gila Trail
194:Background
71:34°00′22″N
1762:2162-9366
1597:0004-1408
1210:cite book
1145:2162-9358
1098:0038-3929
984:655264071
678:sycamores
267:Bear Flag
234:San Pedro
152:Camp Drum
1770:41168491
1605:40167951
1153:41168069
1106:41171468
1050:ProQuest
869:Monica."
842:SS
821:See also
800:Temacula
780:Temescal
612:command.
555:Alsatian
498:and the
474:—
355:and the
304:ciénegas
252:and the
228:and the
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720:Cienega
682:willows
670:Alfalfa
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315:History
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1174:(PDF)
1149:JSTOR
1102:JSTOR
856:Notes
242:hides
218:Union
117:Built
104:Owner
1885:ISBN
1758:ISSN
1593:ISSN
1216:link
1141:ISSN
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1008:ISBN
980:OCLC
240:and
147:Fate
139:1862
135:1862
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