906:
1324:, argued that both Parliament and the Cabinet had become overshadowed by prime ministerial power. Savoie quoted an anonymous minister from the Liberal Party as saying Cabinet had become "a kind of focus group for the prime minister," while Simpson called cabinet a "mini-sounding board". Coyne wrote in 2015: "Cabinet does not matter It does not govern: that is the job of the prime minister and of the group of political staff he has around him, and of the bureaucracy beyond them." John Robson criticised the use of the prime minister's name to identify the Cabinet, calling it a "bad habit" that "endorses while concealing the swollen pretension of the executive branch."
1417:.) Ministers of state had previously represented a second order within the Cabinet (determined by a lower salary as defined by the Salaries Act, despite the Ministries and Ministers of State Act giving them full authority for any government function delegated to them. However, after details of the aforementioned orders-in-council were published, the new Cabinet stated its intent for there to "be no levels of Cabinet members" and it would table in Parliament amendments to the salary statutes, but also that the new ministers would continue to work with the existing departments rather than forming new ones.
3116:
695:
1069:, was the body that set the strategic directions for the government under Stephen Harper, approving key appointments and ratifying committee memberships. This committee ceased to exist under Justin Trudeau. Other Cabinet committees common across committee structures include operations, social affairs, a committee focused on economic growth, foreign affairs and security, the environment, and energy security. Each committee is chaired by a senior minister whose own portfolio may intersect with the mandate of the committee.
33:
1554:
1136:
1019:
83:
707:
967:), or similar scenario, the governor general's judgment about the most suitable candidate for prime minister must be brought into play. The prime minister thereafter heads the Cabinet. The King is informed by his viceroy of the acceptance of the resignation of a prime minister and the swearing-in of a new ministry and he remains fully briefed through regular communications from his Canadian ministers and holds audience with them whenever possible.
1262:
1083:
4311:
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4242:
4219:
1518:. This is the first major cabinet shuffle of Trudeau's tenure as Prime Minister and resembled a cabinet after a new government is sworn in with how many significant changes were made. Notably, Southwestern Ontario was left without representation in a critical economic region. There have been no Ministers from Southwest Ontario since
1038:, the size and structure of the Canadian Cabinet is relatively malleable, the slate of Cabinet positions tending to be substantially restructured periodically, the last major period of realignment occurring between 1993 and 1996. Throughout the 20th century, cabinets had been expanding in size until the Cabinet chaired by
1381:
The swearing-in of the new
Cabinet also marked the first gender-balanced Cabinet in Canada's history, wherein an equal number of female and male ministers (15 of each, including the Prime Minister) were appointed. Trudeau has continued to maintain a gender-balanced Cabinet throughout several Cabinet
3156:
said of this: "in Canada, the head of state can, in exceptional circumstances, protect
Parliament and the people against a prime minister and ministers who may forget that 'minister' means 'servant' and may try to make themselves masters. For example, the head of state could refuse to let a Cabinet
1292:
All
Cabinet meetings are held behind closed doors and the minutes are kept confidential for 30 years, Cabinet members being forbidden from discussing what transpires. Decisions made must be unanimous; though, this often occurs at the prime minister's direction and, once a decision has been reached,
1216:
basis, fulfilling tasks created and dissolved to suit short-term government priorities from within a department under a full minister of the Crown. Ministers of state may also be named, but not specified any particular responsibilities, thus giving them the effective appearance of ministers without
3161:
commented: "The governor general must take all steps necessary to thwart the will of a ruthless prime minister prematurely calling for the death of a
Parliament." Robert E. Hawkins summed up, "the governor general's role in times of crisis is to ensure that normal democratic discourse can resume.
1015:. Efforts are further made to indulge interest groups that support the incumbent government and the party's internal politics must be appeased. It is not legally necessary for Cabinet members to have a position in parliament although they are almost always selected from the House of Commons.
1199:, who have no corresponding department and some ministers, such as the minister for international cooperation, head agencies under the umbrella of a department run by another minister. Further, the prime minister may recommend the governor general appoint to Cabinet some
1211:
in Canada are considered full members of
Cabinet, rather than of the ministry outside it, which has the effect of making the Canadian Cabinet much larger than its foreign counterparts. These individuals are assigned specific, but temporary, responsibilities on a more
940:, the ministerial advice tendered is typically binding; though, it is important to note that the royal prerogative belongs to the Crown, not to any of the ministers, and the royal and viceregal figures may unilaterally use these powers in exceptional
1187:
does not follow the same pattern, however, with ministers being listed in the order of their appointment to the Privy
Council; if appointed on the same day, the individuals are placed in order of their election or appointment to Parliament.
1258:, this leads to Cabinet having almost total control over the legislative agenda of the House of Commons. Further, under the constitution, all legislation involving the raising or spending of public revenue must originate from the Cabinet.
2717:
1479:
1441:
1293:
all
Cabinet members must publicly support it. If any of these rules are violated, the offending minister is usually removed by the prime minister and, if the disagreement within the Cabinet is strong, a minister may resign, as did
1975:
3187:
Savoie offered the critique: "Cabinet has now joined
Parliament as an institution being bypassed. Real political debate and decision-making are increasingly elsewhere—in federal-provincial meetings of first ministers, on
5180:
1061:, overseeing the expenditure of the sovereign's state funds within every department, is one of the most important of these. The structure of Cabinet fluctuates between and within ministries. For example, the
1420:
On July 18, 2018, Trudeau reshuffled
Cabinet. This included adding five new ministry positions, expanding the size of Cabinet 35. The Prime Minister shuffled Cabinet again on October 26, 2021, following the
5806:
5776:
5080:
2184:
2485:
983:. While there are no legal qualifications of the potential ministers, there are a number of conventions that are expected to be followed. For instance, there is typically a minister from each
5781:
2413:
1348:; it is generally regarded as a "government in waiting". Its members are often, but not always, appointed to a Cabinet post, should the leader of their party be called to form a government.
4537:
2991:
1749:
3157:
dissolve a newly elected House of
Commons before it could even meet, or could refuse to let ministers bludgeon the people into submission by a continuous series of general elections," and
5065:
4934:
3824:
4939:
4929:
2835:
Ministers' positions in the order of precedence are determined as follows: the prime minister, the deputy prime minister, the remaining ministers in order that they were sworn into the
2937:
5090:
2209:
5771:
5736:
5055:
3088:
804:, the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of November 2015 there were no members of the latter who were not also members of the former.
3009:
570:
349:
5791:
3058:
5786:
5100:
3046:
2955:
2931:
2925:
2901:
1841:
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4152:
3094:
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3003:
2985:
2853:
2017:
1192:
320:
3052:
3020:
5761:
5756:
5751:
2979:
3200:, and in international organizations and international summits. There is no indication that the one person who holds all the cards, the prime minister, and the
2339:
4876:
3331:
2997:
2761:
1908:
1522:
was removed from cabinet in 2021. Trudeau's government is one of the first in decades to not have cabinet representation from the deeper Southwest of Ontario.
1050:
eliminated approximately 10 members of the ministry from the Cabinet, so that, by 1994, there were a total of 23 persons in Cabinet. Under the chairmanship of
3984:
890:, the day-to-day operation of government is guided only by a sub-group of the Privy Council made up of individuals who hold seats in Parliament. This body of
5711:
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4735:
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1459:
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2383:
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3473:
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583:
222:
807:
For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since
5716:
5145:
4007:
2895:
2801:
1467:
1410:
1277:, and other officials are appointed by the Crown-in-Council; though, some of these may be made only by the Governor General-in-Council, specifically.
5130:
3040:
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2314:
3628:
5230:
2530:
4556:
3390:
3082:
3015:
2943:
2097:
1402:
374:
298:
3533:
1340:, with each member thereof observing and critiquing one or more corresponding, actual Cabinet portfolios and offering alternative policies. The
5140:
4838:
4798:
3828:
3472:
Hawkins, Robert E. (2013), ""Inefficient efficiency": The Use of Vice-Regal Reserve Powers", in Jackson, D. Michael; Lagassé, Philippe (eds.),
2859:
2042:
293:
5560:
5263:
2364:
1987:
1250:
Composed of advisors to the sovereign, the Cabinet has significant power in the Canadian system and, as the governing party usually holds a
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747:
444:
100:
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340:
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Each minister of the Crown is responsible for the general administration of at least one government portfolio and heads a corresponding
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However, the Cabinet's collective influence has been seen to be eclipsed by that of the prime minister alone. Former Prime Minister
5155:
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2729:
2234:
1448:
315:
4708:
3506:
1054:, the number increased again to 39, in the vicinity of which it has remained. The Trudeau Cabinet comprised 37 ministers in 2021.
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1925:
547:
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461:
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720:
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2154:
2119:
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1414:
1309:
1217:
portfolio, or be delegated problems or initiatives that cut across departmental boundaries, a situation usually described as
529:
525:
4703:
1254:
in the legislature, almost all bills proposed by the Cabinet are enacted. Combined with a comparatively small proportion of
5105:
4721:
2871:
1816:
1168:
595:
511:
276:
3768:
5200:
4776:
3721:
2913:
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1732:
984:
960:
668:
565:
227:
140:
3666:
5060:
4803:
4759:
4204:
2836:
1891:
1278:
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870:
as the King's delegate. However, the Privy Council—composed mostly of former members of parliament, current and former
859:
846:
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560:
185:
151:
1245:
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195:
39:
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3337:
5671:
4808:
1152:
945:
740:
17:
4103:
5220:
5125:
5020:
4981:
3360:"Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence"
2259:
1950:
1625:
1515:
801:
288:
5686:
5581:
5215:
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1422:
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486:
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1997:
395:
5832:
5040:
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232:
963:
with a plurality of seats in that house. But, when no party or coalition holds a majority (referred to as a
5691:
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5165:
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5030:
4921:
4843:
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996:
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330:
156:
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3640:
3636:
3129:
2605:
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1406:
1180:
1140:
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999:
groups, female ministers, and, while the majority of those chosen to serve as ministers of the Crown are
733:
663:
643:
499:
211:
4396:"Trudeau adds 5 new ministers in cabinet shakeup that puts focus on seniors, border security | CBC News"
5837:
4974:
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1208:
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479:
412:
310:
244:
135:
36:
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124:
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which enable him to bring effective political authority to the centre, are about to change things."
3201:
2435:
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1595:
1507:
1229:
952:
871:
789:
658:
537:
237:
190:
51:
3192:
flights, where first ministers can hold informal meetings, in the prime minister's office, in the
1344:
comprises members of the party holding the second-largest number of seats and is appointed by the
5796:
3268:
2707:
2164:
2077:
1475:
1363:
1225:
1093:
933:
879:
678:
605:
590:
381:
369:
325:
5766:
5676:
5626:
5586:
5508:
5500:
5492:
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5476:
5468:
5460:
5452:
5444:
5436:
5428:
5420:
5412:
5404:
5396:
5388:
5380:
5372:
5364:
5356:
4911:
4747:
4008:"Trudeau shuffles senior ministers, puts Champagne in Innovation and Garneau at Global Affairs"
3917:
3189:
1558:
1371:
1357:
1207:
as Special Representative to the Prairies. Unlike in many other Westminster model governments,
946:
a few duties which must be specifically performed by, or bills that require assent by, the King
937:
921:
875:
851:
816:
808:
638:
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217:
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58:
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5340:
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5300:
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4355:
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3171:
1035:
956:
941:
891:
773:
552:
506:
5741:
4418:"PM Trudeau names new defence, health, foreign affairs ministers in sizable cabinet shakeup"
2718:
Minister responsible for the Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec
1480:
Minister responsible for the Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec
1301:
in 2006, over a parliamentary motion recognizing "the Québécois" as a nation within Canada.
165:
5746:
5661:
5636:
4886:
4337:
992:
841:
793:
785:
653:
271:
95:
8:
5646:
5616:
5591:
5195:
3956:
3450:
2657:
2635:
1851:
1801:
1534:
1429:
1228:—who will usually answer, on behalf of a minister, questions in the House of Commons—and
648:
437:
3510:
3359:
5651:
5631:
4955:
4655:
4512:
4045:
3799:
3274:
2393:
2244:
1251:
1031:
913:
781:
119:
73:
47:
4854:
1203:, which was last done in 2021, when Prime Minister Trudeau advised the appointment of
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4546:
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2210:
Minister responsible for the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario
2139:
1976:
Minister responsible for the Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario
1682:
1635:
1538:
1425:
that year, increasing Cabinet's membership to 39, thus upsetting the gender balance.
1012:
976:
917:
883:
542:
4205:"'Because it's 2015': Trudeau forms Canada's 1st gender-balanced cabinet | CBC News"
5641:
4575:
3863:
2615:
1935:
1771:
1526:
1282:
1266:
1004:
988:
777:
283:
249:
4440:
3588:
1047:
975:
The governor general appoints to the Cabinet persons chosen by the prime minister—
32:
5611:
4677:
4650:
2590:
2495:
1712:
1519:
1511:
1499:
1491:
1413:. (However, the new Minister of La Francophonie was, at the same time, appointed
1313:
1008:
964:
948:. Royal assent has never been denied to a bill passed by the federal Parliament.
765:
711:
600:
1826:
515:
3851:
3264:
3175:
2739:
2219:
1605:
1444:
1375:
1337:
1312:(PMO) and, at the end of the 20th century and into the 21st, analysts, such as
1305:
1160:
1058:
1039:
812:
620:
201:
54:
4713:
4153:"Liberals' idea for gender quota in Cabinet leaves out the principle of merit"
3867:
3852:"Worth the Wait: Determinants of Ministerial Appointment in Canada, 1935–2008"
5821:
5525:
4609:
4533:
4057:
3875:
3674:
3167:
3153:
3121:
2791:
1876:
1503:
1487:
1437:
1317:
1298:
1286:
1233:
1007:, especially as a representative of a province or region where the governing
980:
699:
1370:, with a majority of seats in the House of Commons. The Cabinet, within the
4679:
Canada's Constitutional Monarchy: An Introduction to Our Form of Government
3327:
2465:
2052:
2027:
1495:
1483:
1043:
909:
43:
4633:
Governing from the Centre: The Concentration of Power in Canadian Politics
3504:
2365:
Minister responsible for the Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency
2185:
Minister of Export Promotion, International Trade and Economic Development
1909:
Minister responsible for the Pacific Economic Development Agency of Canada
1553:
1385:
Initially, five members of Cabinet were appointed by orders-in-council as
4371:"Five Canadian female ministers of state to be full ministers, get raise"
3242:
2811:
2771:
2687:
2565:
2269:
1960:
1506:
were removed from cabinet. A total of over 30 changes were made. Notably
1471:
1463:
1455:
1321:
1294:
1144:
1135:
1051:
1018:
925:
874:, and other elder statesmen—rarely meets in full; as the stipulations of
855:
264:
130:
62:
4463:"Current alphabetical list of members - King's Privy Council for Canada"
3772:
706:
5241:
3442:
3404:(4). Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association: 23. Archived from
3158:
2349:
1428:
On July 26, 2023. Trudeau re-shuffled cabinet, adding 7 new ministers:
1107: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1057:
Cabinet itself—or full Cabinet—is further divided into committees. The
146:
82:
3942:
3391:"A Tradition of Vigilance: The Role of Lieutenant Governor in Alberta"
2540:
1261:
112:
5181:
Public Safety, Democratic Institutions and Intergovernmental Affairs
4966:
3766:
3162:
Examples of such actions took place during the viceregal service of
1082:
1204:
1236:
assigned to each ministry in order to tender non-partisan advice.
615:
2486:
Minister responsible for the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency
2194:
4744:
4046:"Will the prorogation of Parliament set off a populist revolt?"
3769:"Media > Fact Sheets > The Swearing-In of a New Ministry"
1494:
all announced they would not be seeking re-election. Ministers
1213:
5081:
Export Promotion, International Trade and Economic Development
3889:
2556:
Minister of Diversity, Inclusion and Persons with Disabilities
3647:
2340:
Minister responsible for Prairies Economic Development Canada
3247:
Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada
1510:
received a major promotion taking on the Housing file, and
1042:, with a population of 40 ministers. Mulroney's successor,
959:
of the House of Commons; this is usually the leader of the
4132:
3609:
3565:
The Canadian Kingdom: 150 Years of Constittuional Monarchy
3478:, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, p. 104,
3336:, 35.1, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
1842:
Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard
1297:
in 1975, over the subject of wage and price controls, and
3598:(Summer 2011), Commonwealth Parliamentary Association: 19
3297:
2854:
Minister of Border Security and Organized Crime Reduction
2806:
2786:
2766:
2754:
2734:
2722:
2702:
2682:
2670:
2665:
2652:
2640:
2628:
2623:
2610:
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2585:
2573:
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2535:
2523:
2518:
2506:
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2478:
2473:
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2443:
2430:
2418:
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2401:
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2357:
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2332:
2319:
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2239:
2227:
2214:
2202:
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2147:
2132:
2127:
2114:
2102:
2090:
2085:
2072:
2060:
2047:
2035:
2022:
2010:
2005:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1955:
1943:
1930:
1918:
1913:
1901:
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1884:
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1859:
1846:
1834:
1821:
1809:
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1784:
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1720:
1707:
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1690:
1677:
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1648:
1643:
1630:
1618:
1613:
1600:
5091:
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario
5066:
Employment, Workforce Development and Official Languages
882:
the monarch and governor general on how to exercise the
4884:
3701:
3475:
Canada and the Crown: Essays on Constitutional Monarchy
1256:
bills originating with individual members of Parliament
1072:
5568:
4518:(5th ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
3796:"The Queen and the Commonwealth > Queen and Canada"
3689:
2762:
Minister of Families, Children, and Social Development
4083:
4071:
4025:
3745:
1460:
Minister of Families, Children and Social Development
951:
One of the main duties of the Crown is to appoint as
4545:(6th ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada.
4309:
4286:
4263:
4240:
4217:
3955:, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
3223:
3111:
1224:
Members of the Cabinet receive assistance from both
2992:
Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources
2426:
Minister of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities
5056:Diversity, Inclusion and Persons with Disabilities
4654:
4587:(1 ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada.
4511:
3293:
3291:
1468:Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada
1246:Prime Minister of Canada § Role and authority
4930:Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (Conservative)
4354:. Justice Laws Canada. April 2005. Archived from
3979:
3727:. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
2315:Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship
1474:as the first Minister of Citizen's Services, and
827:is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion.
5819:
4438:
4180:"Trudeau's menacing promise of electoral reform"
4006:Curry, Bill; Walsh, Marieke (January 12, 2021).
3819:
3589:"Discretion and the Reserve Powers of the Crown"
3507:"The Citizen's Guide to the Alberta Legislature"
3505:Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.
2531:Minister for Women and Gender Equality and Youth
2414:Minister of Employment and Workforce Development
2018:Leader of the Government in the House of Commons
1867:President of the King's Privy Council for Canada
1273:Members of various executive agencies, heads of
1193:leader of the government in the House of Commons
5101:Fisheries, Oceans, and the Canadian Coast Guard
4743:
3793:
3288:
3083:Minister responsible for Constitutional Affairs
1265:A meeting of Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister
571:Proposed annexation of Turks and Caicos Islands
4336:. Department of Justice Canada. Archived from
1191:Unique positions in Cabinet are those such as
1167:, while other high-profile ministries include
916:, with her Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister
50:, with his newly sworn-in Cabinet, chaired by
5554:
5257:
4982:
4870:
4729:
3509:. Queen's Printer for Alberta. Archived from
1988:Minister of Innovation, Science, and Industry
1647:
1393:in their titles. These were the Ministers of
1159:. The most important minister, following the
741:
245:Provincial and territorial executive councils
4614:The Governor General and the Prime Ministers
4509:
3827:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
3771:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
3673:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
3653:
3364:Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law
3326:
3298:Marleau, Robert; Montpetit, Camille (2000).
3135:Structure of the Canadian federal government
3089:Minister of Multiculturalism and Citizenship
3077:Minister of Industry, Science and Technology
2938:Minister of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment
1449:Minister of Mental Health and Addictions and
1308:is credited with consolidating power in the
979:once half-jokingly listed his occupation as
4510:Dawson, R. MacGregor; Dawson, W.F. (1989).
3912:
3910:
3249:(ed.), "Relations With the United States",
1762:Minister of Public Services and Procurement
1289:issued by the King or Governor-in-Council.
955:the individual most likely to maintain the
5561:
5547:
5264:
5250:
4989:
4975:
4877:
4863:
4736:
4722:
4005:
3918:"Cabinet Committee Mandate and Membership"
3825:"Information Resources > About Cabinet"
3767:Office of the Governor-General of Canada.
3010:Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs
2290:Minister of Environment and Climate Change
1269:, in the Privy Council Chamber, April 1953
970:
748:
734:
5086:Families, Children and Social Development
4608:
4495:(6th ed.). Oxford University Press.
4310:Privy Council Office (November 4, 2015).
4287:Privy Council Office (November 4, 2015).
4264:Privy Council Office (November 4, 2015).
4241:Privy Council Office (November 4, 2015).
4218:Privy Council Office (November 4, 2015).
3949:Cabinet Committee Mandates and Membership
3615:
3059:Minister of Regional Industrial Expansion
1123:Learn how and when to remove this message
894:is the Cabinet, which has come to be the
5271:
4675:
4635:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
4037:
3907:
3722:"As David Johnson Enters Rideau Hall..."
3695:
3263:
3251:Documents on Canadian External Relations
3047:Minister of Industry, Trade and Commerce
2956:Minister of Pensions and National Health
2932:Minister of Immigration and Colonization
2802:Minister of Justice and Attorney General
2730:Minister of Mental Health and Addictions
2235:Minister of Energy and Natural Resources
1260:
1134:
1017:
904:
811:. The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of
31:
5121:Housing, Infrastructure and Communities
4649:
4574:
4352:"Ministries and Ministers of State Act"
4138:
3562:
3531:
3471:
3388:
3304:House of Commons Procedure and Practice
3229:
3095:Minister of Human Resources Development
3071:Minister of National Health and Welfare
3029:Minister of Regional Economic Expansion
3004:Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources
2986:Minister of Citizenship and Immigration
2974:Minister of Mines and Technical Surveys
2926:Secretary of State for External Affairs
1926:Minister of Sport and Physical Activity
819:. The interchangeable use of the terms
391:Courts of the Provinces and Territories
27:Canadian body of ministers of the Crown
14:
5820:
5036:Associate Minister of National Defence
4704:Reference to current cabinet ministers
4630:
4532:
4490:
4177:
4126:
4101:
4089:
4077:
4043:
4031:
3985:"Federal government > The ministry"
3944:Office of the Prime Minister of Canada
3751:
3719:
3707:
3540:. University of Regina. Archived from
3429:
3351:
3306:. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada.
3053:Minister of Employment and Immigration
3016:Leader of the Government in the Senate
2944:Minister of Customs and Inland Revenue
2648:Minister of Crown–Indigenous Relations
2514:Minister of Rural Economic Development
2098:Associate Minister of National Defence
1434:Minister of Crown–Indigenous Relations
1139:The 16th Canadian Ministry, headed by
835:
350:Provincial and territorial parliaments
5542:
5245:
5131:Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship
4996:
4970:
4858:
4717:
4661:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart.
4368:
4334:"Salaries Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. S-3)"
4150:
4144:
3856:Canadian Journal of Political Science
3849:
3762:
3760:
3241:
2980:Minister of Resources and Development
2902:Superintendent-General Indian Affairs
2043:Minister of International Development
1750:Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs
1673:Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food
1415:Minister of International Development
1389:, but styled without the traditional
1197:president of the King's Privy Council
3936:
3534:"Bastedo, Frank Lindsay (1886–1973)"
3441:
2998:Minister of Manpower and Immigration
2860:Secretary of State for the Provinces
2846:
1382:shuffles during his time in office.
1368:federal election of October 19, 2015
1342:Official Opposition's shadow cabinet
1105:adding citations to reliable sources
1076:
1073:Ministers, secretaries, and deputies
5231:Women and Gender Equality and Youth
3586:
3357:
3181:
3035:Minister of Economic Communications
1733:Minister of Democratic Institutions
1516:the Department of Canadian Heritage
1403:Sport and Persons with Disabilities
1374:, was sworn in on November 4, with
1239:
862:; what is technically known as the
24:
5569:National cabinets of North America
4369:Smith, Joanna (November 6, 2015).
3757:
3370:(3). Perth: Murdoch University: 12
3147:
1892:Minister of Emergency Preparedness
1351:
1327:
25:
5854:
4709:Cabinet Minister responsibilities
4697:
4178:Robson, John (November 2, 2015).
4044:Geddes, John (January 25, 2009).
3850:Kerby, Matthew (September 2009).
3720:Forsey, Helen (October 1, 2010).
1617:
1063:Priorities and Planning Committee
1003:, a cabinet sometimes includes a
418:Peace, order, and good government
5682:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5136:Innovation, Science and Industry
4912:29th Canadian Ministry (Liberal)
3567:, Toronto: Dundurn, p. 14,
3538:The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
3114:
2896:Minister of Marine and Fisheries
1552:
1081:
878:require that those who directly
705:
693:
81:
61:(Elizabeth's 13th and last), at
5186:Public Services and Procurement
4760:King's Privy Council for Canada
4539:How Canadians Govern Themselves
4514:Democratic Government in Canada
4455:
4432:
4410:
4388:
4362:
4344:
4326:
4303:
4280:
4257:
4234:
4211:
4197:
4171:
4151:Coyne, Andrew (June 30, 2015).
4120:
4102:Savoie, Donald (May 12, 2010),
4095:
3999:
3973:
3882:
3843:
3813:
3787:
3739:
3713:
3659:
3621:
3580:
3556:
3525:
3498:
3465:
3389:Neitsch, Alfred Thomas (2008).
3273:, III.9 & 11, Westminster:
3041:Minister of Supply and Services
2968:Minister of Mines and Resources
2837:King's Privy Council for Canada
2829:
2260:President of the Treasury Board
1951:Minister of Indigenous Services
1626:Deputy Prime Minister of Canada
1092:needs additional citations for
1032:Westminster-derived governments
798:King's Privy Council for Canada
780:, and within the tenets of the
566:Canada–European Union relations
299:Opposition Leader in the Senate
294:Government Leader in the Senate
5076:Environment and Climate Change
3671:The Governor General of Canada
3435:
3423:
3382:
3320:
3257:
3235:
3101:Minister of Defence Production
2950:Minister of Customs and Excise
2678:Minister of Citizens' Services
2384:Minister of Official Languages
1334:His Majesty's Loyal Opposition
886:be accountable to the elected
830:
800:and the senior echelon of the
561:Canada–Latin America relations
462:Provincial electoral districts
423:Charter of Rights and Freedoms
331:His Majesty's Loyal Opposition
326:Opposition Leader in the house
321:Government Leader in the house
223:President of the Privy Council
13:
1:
5828:Ministerial offices in Canada
4616:. Vancouver: Ronsdale Press.
3596:Canadian Parliamentary Review
3398:Canadian Parliamentary Review
3211:
2890:Secretary of State for Canada
2581:Minister of Canadian Heritage
1537:following the resignation of
1378:appointed as prime minister.
5843:Westminster system in Canada
5807:United States Virgin Islands
5156:Mental Health and Addictions
5071:Energy and Natural Resources
5031:Associate Minister of Health
4443:. Queen's Printer for Canada
4314:. Queen's Printer for Canada
4312:"Order in Council 2015-1229"
4291:. Queen's Printer for Canada
4289:"Order in Council 2015-1228"
4268:. Queen's Printer for Canada
4266:"Order in Council 2015-1227"
4245:. Queen's Printer for Canada
4243:"Order in Council 2015-1226"
4222:. Queen's Printer for Canada
4220:"Order in Council 2015-1225"
3987:. Queen's Printer for Canada
3563:Jackson, D. Michael (2018),
3447:"Boxing in a Prime Minister"
3358:Cox, Noel (September 2002).
3300:"Parliamentary Institutions"
3216:
2750:Associate Minister of Health
2372:Minister of Northern Affairs
2155:Minister of National Defence
2068:Minister of Veterans Affairs
1792:Minister of National Revenue
1565:Canadian order of precedence
1452:Associate Minister of Health
1310:Office of the Prime Minister
1022:A meeting of the Cabinet of
611:Indigenous Peoples in Canada
584:Crown and Indigenous peoples
7:
5206:Sport and Physical Activity
4799:Newfoundland & Labrador
4420:. CTVNews. October 26, 2021
3637:Library and Archives Canada
3130:List of Canadian ministries
3107:
1998:François-Philippe Champagne
1817:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1543:
1442:Minister of Small Business
1201:ministers without portfolio
1141:William Lyon Mackenzie King
1065:, often referred to as the
1024:William Lyon Mackenzie King
944:situations. There are also
445:Federal electoral districts
212:List of Canadian ministries
10:
5859:
5191:Rural Economic Development
5051:Crown–Indigenous Relations
4682:. Toronto: Dundurn Press.
4484:
4052:. Toronto: Kenneth Whyte.
2884:Minister of Inland Revenue
2782:Minister of Small Business
1783:
1399:Small Business and Tourism
1355:
1285:are also called through a
1243:
1046:, reduced this number and
844:, formally referred to as
596:Aboriginal self-government
228:Clerk of the Privy Council
5782:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
5700:
5574:
5519:
5279:
5141:International Development
5026:Agriculture and Agri-Food
5004:
4948:
4920:
4902:
4893:
4777:Provinces and Territories
4754:
4676:Tidridge, Nathan (2011).
4657:The Friendly Dictatorship
3868:10.1017/s0008423909990424
3532:Jackson, Michael (2006).
3164:the Viscount Byng of Vimy
2743:
2738:
2711:
2706:
2669:
2664:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2505:
2499:
2494:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2281:
2176:
2131:
2123:
2118:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2009:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1880:
1875:
1741:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1703:Minister of Public Safety
1639:
1634:
1563:(Listed according to the
1551:
1546:
1226:parliamentary secretaries
669:Provinces and territories
467:Politics of the provinces
455:List of federal elections
152:Monarchy in the provinces
5802:Turks and Caicos Islands
4896:44th Canadian Parliament
4491:Brooks, Stephen (2009).
3922:Prime Minister of Canada
3894:Prime Minister of Canada
3654:Dawson & Dawson 1989
3140:
2908:Minister of the Interior
2866:Minister of Public Works
1596:Prime Minister of Canada
1346:leader of the Opposition
924:(Elizabeth's third), at
872:chief justices of Canada
858:acting on the advice of
847:His Majesty's Government
450:Federal electoral system
336:Leader of the Opposition
5111:Government House Leader
4631:Savoie, Donald (1999).
2708:Soraya Martinez Ferrada
2078:Ginette Petitpas Taylor
1476:Soraya Martinez Ferrada
1364:Liberal Party of Canada
1157:departments or agencies
971:Selection and structure
934:constitutional monarchy
815:, which is part of the
591:Canadian Aboriginal law
382:Chief Justice of Canada
196:List of prime ministers
5732:British Virgin Islands
5061:Emergency Preparedness
4439:Parliament of Canada.
3629:"The Governor General"
3270:Constitution Act, 1867
1559:29th Canadian Ministry
1372:29th Canadian Ministry
1358:29th Canadian Ministry
1270:
1153:ministry or ministries
1148:
1027:
938:responsible government
929:
922:19th Canadian Ministry
892:ministers of the Crown
876:responsible government
796:is a committee of the
774:ministers of the Crown
769:
526:Diplomatic missions of
218:29th Canadian Ministry
66:
59:29th Canadian Ministry
5672:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5021:Deputy Prime Minister
4839:Northwest Territories
3981:Library of Parliament
3794:The Royal Household.
3449:. CBC. Archived from
3245:(November 10, 1952),
3198:Department of Finance
3172:Frank Lindsay Bastedo
2962:Minister of Fisheries
2110:Minister of Transport
1264:
1155:, known in Canada as
1138:
1036:United States Cabinet
1021:
1001:members of Parliament
942:constitutional crisis
908:
776:that, along with the
507:Global Affairs Canada
289:Speaker of the Senate
35:
5833:Government of Canada
5273:Ministries of Canada
4887:Parliament of Canada
4819:Prince Edward Island
4441:"Ministry (Cabinet)"
4104:"Who has the power?"
3946:(October 30, 2008),
3821:Privy Council Office
3243:Wrong, Humphrey Hume
3194:Privy Council Office
3065:Minister of Forestry
1143:, on the grounds of
1101:improve this article
842:Government of Canada
786:government of Canada
487:Municipal government
316:Speaker of the house
233:Privy Council Office
186:King’s Privy Council
157:Lieutenant governors
5687:Trinidad and Tobago
5582:Antigua and Barbuda
5126:Indigenous Services
3831:on February 2, 2009
3677:on January 23, 2021
3643:on August 11, 2009.
3633:By Executive Decree
3587:Russell, Peter H.,
3453:on January 20, 2011
3411:on October 25, 2012
2878:Minister of Customs
2698:Minister of Tourism
2658:Gary Anandasangaree
2636:Minister of Seniors
1852:Diane Lebouthillier
1802:Marie-Claude Bibeau
1656:Minister of Finance
1535:Minister of Seniors
1430:Gary Anandasangaree
1185:order of precedence
1165:minister of finance
866:, referring to the
864:Governor-in-Council
836:Governor-in-Council
712:Politics portal
601:First Nations bands
277:List of parliaments
5622:Dominican Republic
5046:Citizens' Services
4956:Opposition Critics
4773:Executive Councils
4748:executive councils
4493:Canadian democracy
4340:on March 25, 2012.
4141:, p. 248 248.
4108:The Globe and Mail
4012:The Globe and Mail
3667:"Responsibilities"
3333:Interpretation Act
3267:(March 29, 1867),
2872:Postmaster General
2787:September 30, 1976
2606:Minister of Labour
2491:September 15, 1988
2479:September 14, 2018
2456:Minister of Health
2394:Randy Boissonnault
2245:Jonathan Wilkinson
1931:September 29, 1961
1631:September 16, 1977
1547:Cabinet ministers
1531:Minister of Labour
1525:On July 19, 2024,
1387:ministers of state
1275:Crown corporations
1271:
1209:ministers of state
1149:
1028:
932:In the context of
930:
782:Westminster system
644:Constitutional law
272:Federal parliament
74:Politics of Canada
67:
5838:National cabinets
5815:
5814:
5704:other territories
5536:
5535:
5239:
5238:
5041:Canadian Heritage
4998:Cabinet of Canada
4964:
4963:
4904:Cabinet of Canada
4852:
4851:
4668:978-0-7710-8079-1
4642:978-0-8020-8252-7
4610:McWhinney, Edward
4594:978-0-662-46012-1
4581:A Crown of Maples
4576:MacLeod, Kevin S.
4562:on March 31, 2012
3962:on March 27, 2009
3924:. January 1, 1970
3710:, pp. 4, 34.
3656:, pp. 68–69.
3618:, pp. 16–17.
3574:978-1-4597-4118-8
3513:on March 16, 2007
3485:978-1-55339-204-0
3445:(June 28, 2002).
3330:(April 1, 2005),
3024:
2920:Minister of Mines
2914:Solicitor General
2847:Former portfolios
2820:
2819:
2767:December 12, 2003
2419:November 20, 2019
2389:December 12, 2003
2377:November 20, 2019
2358:November 20, 2019
2300:Steven Guilbeault
2283:November 20, 2019
2148:November 20, 2019
2140:Quebec lieutenant
1683:Lawrence MacAulay
1644:November 20, 2019
1636:Chrystia Freeland
1576:Date of creation
1279:Royal commissions
1252:majority of seats
1133:
1132:
1125:
1034:, but unlike the
987:, ministers from
977:John A. Macdonald
918:Lester B. Pearson
884:Royal Prerogative
860:his Privy Council
788:. Chaired by the
770:Cabinet du Canada
762:Cabinet of Canada
758:
757:
700:Canada portal
664:Political culture
548:Visa requirements
500:Foreign relations
413:Constitution Acts
166:Royal prerogative
65:, 4 November 2015
16:(Redirected from
5850:
5772:Saint Barthélemy
5702:Dependencies and
5575:Sovereign states
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5556:
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5320:
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5288:
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5243:
5242:
5226:Veterans Affairs
5171:Northern Affairs
5166:National Revenue
5161:National Defence
4991:
4984:
4977:
4968:
4967:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4856:
4855:
4789:British Columbia
4738:
4731:
4724:
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4660:
4651:Simpson, Jeffrey
4646:
4627:
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4586:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4561:
4555:. Archived from
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4529:
4517:
4506:
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4459:
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4452:
4450:
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4358:on May 23, 2013.
4348:
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3764:
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2755:October 26, 2021
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2735:October 26, 2021
2724:
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2612:
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2561:October 26, 2021
2550:
2549:October 26, 2021
2537:
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2524:October 26, 2021
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2508:
2507:October 26, 2021
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2345:October 26, 2021
2334:
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2296:
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2240:January 12, 1995
2229:
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2215:October 26, 2021
2204:
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2190:October 26, 2021
2179:
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2133:January 30, 2017
2129:
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2115:November 2, 1936
2104:
2092:
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2073:October 18, 1944
2062:
2049:
2037:
2024:
2023:October 14, 1944
2012:
2011:January 10, 2017
2007:
2006:January 12, 2021
1994:
1982:
1970:
1969:October 26, 2021
1957:
1945:
1936:Carla Qualtrough
1932:
1920:
1919:October 26, 2021
1915:
1914:October 26, 2021
1903:
1898:
1897:October 26, 2021
1886:
1873:
1861:
1848:
1836:
1835:October 26, 2021
1823:
1822:November 4, 1993
1811:
1798:
1786:
1785:November 4, 2015
1781:
1772:Jean-Yves Duclos
1768:
1756:
1755:October 26, 2021
1744:
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1614:November 4, 2015
1602:
1588:Precedence date
1556:
1544:
1527:Steven MacKinnon
1423:federal election
1283:public inquiries
1267:Louis St Laurent
1240:Responsibilities
1230:deputy ministers
1219:having the file
1128:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1085:
1077:
989:visible minority
888:House of Commons
868:governor general
852:the constitution
850:, is defined by
778:Canadian monarch
750:
743:
736:
710:
709:
698:
697:
696:
480:Local government
458:
378:
375:List of justices
311:House of Commons
304:Senate divisions
280:
215:
199:
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136:Governor General
128:
104:
85:
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68:
37:Governor General
21:
18:Canadian Cabinet
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5106:Foreign Affairs
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4885:Benches of the
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3544:on May 24, 2013
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2653:August 28, 2017
2641:January 4, 2011
2629:August 28, 2017
2591:Pascale St-Onge
2496:Gudie Hutchings
2265:October 1, 1966
2228:August 31, 2022
2160:January 1, 1923
2120:Pablo Rodriguez
2091:August 28, 2017
2048:25 January 1996
1956:August 28, 2017
1721:26 October 2021
1713:Dominic LeBlanc
1666:August 18, 2020
1649:4 November 2015
1619:4 November 2015
1585:Minister since
1562:
1557:
1520:Bardish Chagger
1512:Pascale St-Onge
1500:Marco Mendicino
1492:Carolyn Bennett
1411:La Francophonie
1407:Status of Women
1360:
1354:
1352:Current Cabinet
1330:
1328:Shadow cabinets
1314:Jeffrey Simpson
1248:
1242:
1183:. The official
1169:foreign affairs
1129:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1098:
1086:
1075:
993:with disability
973:
965:hung parliament
961:political party
914:Queen of Canada
900:King-in-Council
838:
833:
772:) is a body of
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721:Other countries
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5009:Prime Minister
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1606:Justin Trudeau
1603:
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1583:
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1549:
1548:
1539:Seamus O'Regan
1529:was appointed
1376:Justin Trudeau
1356:Main article:
1353:
1350:
1338:shadow cabinet
1332:Each party in
1329:
1326:
1306:Pierre Trudeau
1241:
1238:
1234:civil servants
1161:first minister
1147:, 19 June 1945
1131:
1130:
1089:
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1074:
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1059:Treasury Board
1040:Brian Mulroney
1030:As with other
1011:won few or no
972:
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953:prime minister
920:, part of the
898:in the phrase
837:
834:
832:
829:
813:Justin Trudeau
790:prime minister
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52:Prime Minister
40:David Johnston
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5176:Privy Council
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4804:New Brunswick
4802:
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4689:9781459700840
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4552:0-662-39689-8
4548:
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4535:
4531:
4527:
4525:0-8020-6703-4
4521:
4516:
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4508:
4504:
4502:9780195431032
4498:
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4290:
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4260:
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4237:
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4214:
4206:
4200:
4185:
4184:National Post
4181:
4174:
4158:
4157:National Post
4154:
4147:
4140:
4135:
4129:, p. 362
4128:
4123:
4109:
4105:
4098:
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3797:
3790:
3774:
3770:
3763:
3761:
3753:
3748:
3742:
3726:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3704:
3698:, p. 57.
3697:
3696:Tidridge 2011
3692:
3676:
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3662:
3655:
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3638:
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3392:
3385:
3369:
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3339:
3335:
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3329:
3323:
3315:
3313:2-89461-378-4
3309:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3292:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3232:, p. 18.
3231:
3226:
3222:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3168:John C. Bowen
3165:
3160:
3155:
3154:Eugene Forsey
3150:
3146:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:Canada portal
3112:
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2815:
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2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2792:Rechie Valdez
2790:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2723:June 25, 1993
2721:
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2716:
2715:
2709:
2703:June 25, 1993
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2683:July 26, 2023
2681:
2679:
2676:
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2671:July 26, 2023
2666:July 26, 2023
2661:
2659:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2624:July 19, 2024
2617:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2599:July 26, 2023
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2586:July 12, 1996
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2574:July 26, 2023
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2536:June 11, 1971
2534:
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2522:
2517:
2515:
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2502:
2497:
2489:
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2474:July 26, 2023
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2461:July 12, 1996
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2431:July 26, 2023
2429:
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2424:
2423:
2417:
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2402:July 26, 2023
2395:
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2351:
2341:
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2333:July 26, 2023
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2320:June 30, 1994
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2295:June 11, 1971
2293:
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2278:July 26, 2023
2276:
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2253:July 26, 2023
2251:
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2207:
2203:July 26, 2023
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
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2186:
2183:
2182:
2178:July 18, 2018
2173:July 26, 2023
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2128:July 26, 2023
2126:
2121:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:July 12, 1940
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2086:July 26, 2023
2079:
2071:
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2066:
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2061:July 26, 2023
2059:
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2054:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2036:July 26, 2023
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1962:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1944:July 26, 2023
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:July 26, 2023
1900:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1885:July 26, 2023
1883:
1878:
1877:Harjit Sajjan
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:July 26, 2023
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1847:April 2, 1979
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:July 26, 2023
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1793:
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1789:
1780:July 26, 2023
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1767:July 12, 1996
1765:
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1760:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1743:July 26, 2023
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:July 20, 2004
1719:
1714:
1708:April 4, 2005
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1696:June 11, 1997
1694:
1691:July 26, 2023
1689:
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1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1514:took over at
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:David Lametti
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:Omar Alghabra
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1438:Rechie Valdez
1435:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1318:Donald Savoie
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1299:Michael Chong
1296:
1290:
1288:
1287:royal warrant
1284:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1215:
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1202:
1198:
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1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1124:
1116:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1090:This section
1088:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1067:inner Cabinet
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1048:Jean Chrétien
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
981:cabinet maker
978:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
928:, 1 July 1967
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:
843:
828:
826:
822:
818:
817:29th Ministry
814:
810:
809:Confederation
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
751:
746:
744:
739:
737:
732:
731:
729:
728:
722:
719:
718:
713:
708:
703:
701:
691:
690:
688:
687:
680:
679:Republicanism
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
630:
629:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
585:
580:
579:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
531:
527:
524:
523:
517:
513:
510:
509:
508:
505:
504:
501:
496:
495:
488:
485:
484:
481:
476:
475:
468:
465:
463:
460:
456:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
439:
434:
433:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
409:
406:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
383:
380:
379:
376:
371:
370:Supreme court
368:
367:
364:
359:
358:
351:
348:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
273:
270:
269:
266:
261:
260:
251:
248:
247:
246:
243:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
213:
208:
205:
203:
197:
192:
189:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
175:
174:
167:
164:
158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
148:
142:
137:
134:
133:
132:
126:
121:
118:
117:
114:
109:
108:
102:
97:
93:
92:
89:
88:
84:
80:
79:
75:
71:
70:
64:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
30:
19:
5797:Sint Maarten
5777:Saint Martin
5601:
5524:
5509:Twenty-ninth
5485:Twenty-sixth
5477:Twenty-fifth
5461:Twenty-third
5445:Twenty-first
4997:
4903:
4829:Saskatchewan
4765:
4758:
4678:
4656:
4632:
4613:
4598:. Retrieved
4580:
4564:. Retrieved
4557:the original
4538:
4513:
4492:
4472:September 9,
4470:. Retrieved
4466:
4457:
4447:November 20,
4445:. Retrieved
4434:
4422:. Retrieved
4412:
4400:. Retrieved
4390:
4378:. Retrieved
4375:Toronto Star
4374:
4364:
4356:the original
4346:
4338:the original
4328:
4316:. Retrieved
4305:
4293:. Retrieved
4282:
4270:. Retrieved
4259:
4247:. Retrieved
4236:
4224:. Retrieved
4213:
4199:
4187:. Retrieved
4183:
4173:
4161:. Retrieved
4159:. Post Media
4156:
4146:
4139:Simpson 2001
4134:
4122:
4111:, retrieved
4107:
4097:
4085:
4073:
4061:. Retrieved
4049:
4039:
4027:
4015:. Retrieved
4011:
4001:
3989:. Retrieved
3975:
3964:, retrieved
3957:the original
3948:
3938:
3926:. Retrieved
3921:
3897:. Retrieved
3893:
3884:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3833:. Retrieved
3829:the original
3815:
3803:. Retrieved
3789:
3777:. Retrieved
3773:the original
3747:
3741:
3729:. Retrieved
3724:
3715:
3703:
3691:
3679:. Retrieved
3675:the original
3670:
3661:
3649:
3641:the original
3632:
3623:
3611:
3600:, retrieved
3595:
3582:
3564:
3558:
3546:. Retrieved
3542:the original
3537:
3527:
3515:. Retrieved
3511:the original
3500:
3489:, retrieved
3474:
3467:
3455:. Retrieved
3451:the original
3437:
3432:, p. 26
3425:
3413:. Retrieved
3406:the original
3401:
3397:
3384:
3372:. Retrieved
3367:
3363:
3353:
3342:, retrieved
3338:the original
3332:
3328:Elizabeth II
3322:
3303:
3279:, retrieved
3269:
3259:
3250:
3237:
3230:MacLeod 2008
3225:
3183:
3149:
2831:
2807:July 1, 1867
2611:June 2, 1909
2466:Mark Holland
2053:Ahmed Hussen
2028:Karina Gould
1872:July 1, 1867
1827:MĂ©lanie Joly
1678:July 1, 1867
1661:July 1, 1867
1601:July 1, 1867
1561:
1524:
1496:Mona Fortier
1484:Joyce Murray
1482:. Ministers
1427:
1419:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1361:
1331:
1303:
1291:
1272:
1249:
1223:
1218:
1190:
1150:
1119:
1110:
1099:Please help
1094:verification
1091:
1066:
1056:
1044:Kim Campbell
1029:
974:
950:
931:
910:Elizabeth II
899:
895:
863:
845:
839:
824:
820:
806:
784:, forms the
761:
759:
639:Conservatism
516:MĂ©lanie Joly
408:Constitution
206:
44:Elizabeth II
29:
5767:Puerto Rico
5677:Saint Lucia
5627:El Salvador
5503:(2006–2015)
5495:(2003–2006)
5487:(1993–2003)
5471:(1984–1993)
5455:(1980–1984)
5447:(1979–1980)
5439:(1968–1979)
5431:(1963–1968)
5423:(1957–1963)
5415:(1948–1957)
5413:Seventeenth
5407:(1935–1948)
5399:(1930–1935)
5391:(1926–1930)
5375:(1921–1926)
5367:(1920–1921)
5359:(1917–1920)
5351:(1911–1917)
5343:(1896–1911)
5327:(1894–1896)
5319:(1892–1894)
5311:(1891–1892)
5303:(1878–1891)
5295:(1873–1878)
5287:(1867–1873)
4809:Nova Scotia
4424:October 26,
4380:November 7,
4318:November 7,
4295:November 7,
4272:November 7,
4249:November 7,
4226:November 7,
4189:November 5,
4127:Savoie 1999
4090:Savoie 1999
4078:Brooks 2009
4063:January 27,
4032:Brooks 2009
3991:October 18,
3966:October 18,
3835:October 18,
3752:Brooks 2009
3731:January 23,
3725:The Monitor
3708:Forsey 2005
3681:October 13,
3602:January 17,
3443:Zolf, Larry
3430:Forsey 2005
3281:January 15,
3190:Team Canada
3097:(1996–2003)
3091:(1991–1996)
3085:(1991–1993)
3079:(1990–1995)
3073:(1944–1996)
3067:(1990–1995)
3061:(1984–1990)
3055:(1977–1996)
3049:(1969–1983)
3043:(1969–1996)
3037:(1969–1996)
3031:(1969–1982)
3025:(1969–2013)
3012:(1968–1995)
3006:(1966–1995)
3000:(1966–1977)
2994:(1953–1966)
2988:(1950–1966)
2982:(1950–1953)
2976:(1950–1966)
2970:(1936–1950)
2964:(1930–1971)
2958:(1928–1944)
2952:(1921–1927)
2946:(1918–1921)
2940:(1918–1928)
2934:(1917–1936)
2928:(1909–1993)
2922:(1907–1936)
2916:(1892–2003)
2910:(1873–1936)
2904:(1868–1936)
2898:(1867–1930)
2892:(1867–1996)
2886:(1867–1918)
2880:(1867–1918)
2874:(1867–1981)
2868:(1867–1996)
2862:(1867–1873)
2856:(2018–2019)
2812:Arif Virani
2772:Jenna Sudds
2740:Ya'ara Saks
2688:Terry Beech
2566:Kamal Khera
2436:Sean Fraser
2325:Marc Miller
2270:Anita Anand
1961:Patty Hajdu
1508:Sean Fraser
1472:Terry Beech
1464:Arif Virani
1456:Jenna Sudds
1445:Ya'ara Saks
1322:John Gomery
1295:John Turner
1145:Rideau Hall
1113:August 2020
1052:Paul Martin
926:Rideau Hall
831:Composition
553:Visa policy
265:Legislative
131:Charles III
63:Rideau Hall
5822:Categories
5762:Montserrat
5757:Martinique
5752:Guadeloupe
5607:Costa Rica
5429:Nineteenth
5421:Eighteenth
5389:Fourteenth
5381:Thirteenth
4922:Opposition
4398:. CBC News
4017:October 2,
3928:October 2,
3899:October 2,
3277:for Canada
3212:References
3159:Larry Zolf
2350:Dan Vandal
2165:Bill Blair
1579:Incumbent
1336:creates a
1244:See also:
997:Indigenous
957:confidence
654:Liberalism
649:Federalism
147:Mary Simon
96:Government
5747:Greenland
5662:Nicaragua
5637:Guatemala
5437:Twentieth
5405:Sixteenth
5397:Fifteenth
5216:Transport
4467:canada.ca
4058:0024-9262
4050:Maclean's
3890:"Cabinet"
3876:0008-4239
3491:April 18,
3344:August 7,
3217:Citations
3196:, in the
2541:Marci Ien
1582:Province
1573:Ministry
1163:, is the
530:in Canada
438:Elections
179:Executive
113:The Crown
101:structure
5712:Anguilla
5647:Honduras
5617:Dominica
5592:Barbados
5365:Eleventh
4794:Manitoba
4745:Canadian
4653:(2001).
4612:(2005).
4600:June 21,
4578:(2008).
4536:(2005).
4402:July 18,
4163:June 30,
3517:July 29,
3265:Victoria
3108:See also
1391:of state
1366:won the
1232:—senior
1205:Jim Carr
1173:industry
985:province
856:the King
825:ministry
802:Ministry
543:Passport
512:Minister
363:Judicial
250:Premiers
5742:Curaçao
5727:Bonaire
5722:Bermuda
5652:Jamaica
5632:Grenada
5587:Bahamas
5373:Twelfth
5333:Seventh
5211:Tourism
5196:Seniors
5146:Justice
5096:Finance
4949:Related
4844:Nunavut
4814:Ontario
4784:Alberta
4775:of the
4566:May 14,
4485:Sources
4113:May 12,
3805:May 14,
3779:May 18,
3548:May 18,
3457:May 11,
3415:May 22,
3374:May 17,
2195:Mary Ng
1395:Science
1177:justice
1026:in 1930
1013:ridings
1005:senator
896:council
821:cabinet
794:Cabinet
674:Regions
207:Cabinet
120:Monarch
5667:Panama
5657:Mexico
5602:Canada
5597:Belize
5479:(1993)
5463:(1984)
5383:(1926)
5341:Eighth
5335:(1896)
5309:Fourth
5293:Second
5151:Labour
5116:Health
5014:Office
4824:Quebec
4686:
4665:
4639:
4620:
4591:
4549:
4522:
4499:
4056:
3874:
3571:
3482:
3310:
3174:, and
1502:, and
1409:, and
1320:, and
1214:ad hoc
1181:health
1179:, and
880:advise
792:, the
766:French
284:Senate
5717:Aruba
5642:Haiti
5357:Tenth
5349:Ninth
5325:Sixth
5317:Fifth
5301:Third
5285:First
4834:Yukon
4585:(PDF)
4560:(PDF)
4543:(PDF)
3960:(PDF)
3953:(PDF)
3592:(PDF)
3409:(PDF)
3394:(PDF)
3141:Notes
2823:Notes
2144:1874
1009:party
616:MĂ©tis
5787:Saba
5612:Cuba
4684:ISBN
4663:ISBN
4637:ISBN
4618:ISBN
4602:2009
4589:ISBN
4568:2009
4547:ISBN
4520:ISBN
4497:ISBN
4474:2024
4449:2019
4426:2021
4404:2018
4382:2015
4320:2015
4297:2015
4274:2015
4251:2015
4228:2015
4191:2015
4165:2015
4115:2010
4065:2010
4054:ISSN
4019:2021
3993:2009
3968:2009
3930:2021
3901:2021
3872:ISSN
3837:2009
3807:2009
3781:2009
3733:2011
3683:2019
3604:2013
3569:ISBN
3550:2009
3519:2007
3493:2023
3480:ISBN
3459:2013
3417:2009
3376:2009
3346:2009
3308:ISBN
3283:2009
3021:list
1687:PEI
1533:and
1362:The
1281:and
1195:and
995:and
936:and
840:The
823:and
760:The
141:list
125:list
4935:NDP
3864:doi
2816:ON
2796:ON
2776:ON
2744:ON
2712:QC
2692:BC
2662:ON
2620:QC
2595:QC
2570:ON
2545:ON
2500:NL
2470:ON
2440:NS
2398:AB
2354:MB
2329:QC
2304:QC
2274:ON
2249:BC
2224:ON
2199:ON
2169:ON
2124:QC
2082:NB
2057:ON
2032:ON
2002:QC
1965:ON
1940:BC
1881:BC
1856:QC
1831:QC
1806:QC
1776:QC
1717:NB
1640:ON
1610:QC
1541:.
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1466:as
1458:as
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1103:by
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